What types of sports tourism are developing in Buryatia. Sports recreation and tourism in Buryatia. An excerpt characterizing Tourism in Buryatia

The Republic of Buryatia is an autonomous republic, a subject of the Russian Federation, part of the Siberian Federal District, founded on May 30, 1923. The capital is Ulan-Ude. The area of ​​the Republic of Buryatia is 351.3 thousand sq. km. The Republic borders the Irkutsk region from the north and west (along the waters of Lake Baikal), in the far west at a relatively short distance lies the border with the Republic of Tyva, in the south there is the state border with Mongolia, in the east there is the border with the Trans-Baikal Territory.

Buryatia is located in the central part of Asia. This is an amazing and beautiful land, a country of mountains and steppes, deep rivers and numerous lakes, endless taiga and green valleys. It is located inland, far from the seas and oceans, and has a contrasting climate, combining cold winters and hot summers. The climate of Buryatia is beneficial due to the abundance of sunlight, dry air and little cloudiness.

The development of the tourist and recreational complex of the Republic of Buryatia is based on large recreational potential, one of the components of which is natural, historical and cultural tourism resources. The areas of distribution of the maximum and high potential of tourism resources occupy 45.6% of the total area of ​​the republic. At the same time, the largest resources are located within the boundaries of 14 administrative units (the coastal zone of Lake Baikal - Barguzinsky, Kabansky, Pribaikalsky, Severo-Baikalsky districts, Severobaykalsk; mountain and resort areas - Tunkinsky, Okinsky, Kurumkansky; historical and cultural areas - the city of Ulan-Ude, Kyakhta, Mukhorshibirsky, Tarbagataisky, Ivolginsky, Khorinsky districts). In the Republic of Buryatia, several main areas of mass tourism and recreation have developed, including: lakes Kotokel and Shchuchye; coast of Lake Baikal in the Posolsky Sor sections, section from the river delta. Selenga to the village. Zarechye Kabansky district, as well as from the village. Gremyachinsk, Pribaikalsky district to the Maksimikha tourist center in the Barguzinsky district; territories of the state national parks "Zabaikalsky" and "Tunkinsky"; several territories in the North Baikal region (Khakusy Bay, Lake Frolikha, Davsha, Yarki Spit, Lake Slyudyanskoye). The territories of the Khamar-Daban mountain ranges (Lake Sobolinoye, Lake Tagley, Snezhnaya River), Eastern Sayan, Barguzinsky and Baikalsky ridges.

The tourism market of Buryatia is characterized by positive dynamics.

For the period 2006-2010. The total tourist flow increased by 2.8 times, and the volume of paid services provided in the tourism sector increased by 2.3 times. According to Expert RA, Buryatia rose from 45th place in 2006 to 14th place in 2010 in terms of tourism potential and occupies a leading position among the regions of the Far East and Transbaikalia in terms of growth rates of key indicators.

In 2010, the number of tourist arrivals amounted to 471.2 thousand people, which is 30.4% more than in 2009. The volume of paid services provided to tourists in 2010 amounted to 1302.3 million rubles. and increased by 21.8% compared to 2009.

The geography of inbound tourism is vast and covers 61 countries. The number of foreign citizens who visited the republic in 2010 was 22.2 thousand people. The share of countries in the Asia-Pacific region is 53.3%, Europe - 18.1%, USA - 4.4%.

According to statistical data, the number of tourist arrivals in the Republic of Buryatia for the 1st half of 2011 amounted to 225.4 thousand people, which is 16.1% more than in the same period last year, the volume of paid services provided to tourists was 533.4 million .rub., which is 24% more than in the 1st half of 2010.

There are 27 tour operators in the tourism market of Buryatia, 10 of which operate in accordance with the Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of the People's Republic of China on visa-free group tourist trips, 39 travel agencies, 4 professional public organizations (Buryat regional organization of the Russian Union of Travel Industry, Non-profit Partnership Buryat Tourist Alliance, Baikal branch of the Russian Hotel Association, Buryat Association of Hoteliers). There are 411 collective accommodation facilities (CAF) for tourists in the republic with a total capacity of 13,198 beds. 2 hotels have a 4 star category. The structure of the KSR includes 100 hotels, 226 boarding houses, tourist centers and holiday homes, 11 sanatorium-resort institutions, 74 guest houses. In 2010, 45 collective accommodation facilities were introduced, of which: 7 tourist centers, recreation centers, 3 hotels, the remaining 35 RACs are guest houses and mini-hotels of various capacities. Large objects: guest house "Syndbad" in the village. Ust-Barguzin, Barguzinsky district (50 places), tourist complex "Dalan" in the Eravninsky district (80 places), hotel "Princess Christina" in the village. Arshan, Tunkinsky district (96 places). 1/3 of the introduced accommodation facilities are mini-hotels in Ulan-Ude. In the first half of 2011, 11 mini-hotels with 198 beds were put into operation in Ulan-Ude.

Tourist destinations related to international tourism are gradually emerging on the territory of the republic. Such directions are the direction along the “Tea Route” (China, Mongolia, Russia), and along the Baikal-Khuvsgul route (Mongolia).

The greatest activity of the domestic and inbound tourism market is observed in the summer, which gives tourism in the Republic of Buryatia a pronounced seasonal character. The activity of the outbound tourism market is also subject to fluctuations, however, it is more stable.

In the first half of 2011, 11 mini-hotels with 198 beds were put into operation in Ulan-Ude. Tourist destinations related to international tourism are gradually emerging on the territory of the republic. Such directions are the direction along the “Tea Route” (China, Mongolia, Russia), and along the Baikal-Khuvsgul route (Mongolia). The greatest activity of the domestic and inbound tourism market is observed in the summer, which gives tourism in the Republic of Buryatia a pronounced seasonal character. The activity of the outbound tourism market is also subject to fluctuations, however, it is more stable.

Table 1 - Tourism statistics in the Republic of Buryatia

Indicators		Growth rate, %		Growth rate, %		Growth rate, %
Number of tourists served, people.
Domestic tourism
Inbound tourism
Outbound tourism
Volume of paid services provided to tourists, million rubles.
Number of employees, people

The following main trends prevail in the local market:

• - rapid increase in demand for accurate and complete tourist information. Tourists' need for information is extremely poorly satisfied by information sources in the tourism sector itself. More than 80% of tourists receive information from acquaintances, friends and relatives, 20% from the media and tourism advertising;
• - growing demand for comfortable tourist accommodation facilities.

The greatest demand among tourists is for comfortable tourist centers (recreation centers) - 26.8%; separate cottages - 22.6%; small and medium-sized hotels with a full range of services - 18.7%. A popular means of accommodation in active and camping tourism are tents (18.9%).

Sanatoriums are in slightly less demand - 15.7%, and comfortable large hotel complexes are in even less demand - 12.1%. The demand for the services of alternative rural tourism accommodation facilities is 9.9%, which is a market reaction to these offers, as well as a consequence of the lack of available places in the summer;

• - stable demand for winter holidays. 69.9% of tourists have a positive attitude towards the possibility of winter tourism. This is facilitated by an increase in the number of vacations in winter. At the same time, the market for off-season and winter tourism in the republic is not developed, which is due to both the lack of winter accommodation facilities;
• - Quite a high demand for family vacations. 29% of tourists prefer to vacation with children, 27.1% - with relatives. At the same time, the number of proposals for organizing family tourism is limited;
• - growing demand for more diverse tourist programs, combined tours, as well as recreation, including various types of tourist activities.

Tourism infrastructure includes a set of heat and power facilities, gas supply, water supply, sewerage and waste disposal, telecommunications, and road infrastructure. A significant part of these infrastructure units relates to public infrastructure and is used for tourism purposes in parallel with other uses. At the same time, the tourism sector also creates its own internal special infrastructure, which includes access roads in the territories of tourism sites, as well as pedestrian paths and paths, autonomous sewerage and recycling systems, separate networks and energy facilities, and telecommunications.

The public infrastructure in the republic includes a number of objects with different characteristics:

Heat and electricity supply, water supply, sewerage and recycling systems operate mainly in populated areas, primarily in cities. The gas supply infrastructure is not yet developed. However, in tourism and recreation areas these systems are not developed or are absent altogether.

Telecommunication systems, including television and radio broadcasting, cover most regions of the republic; however, in tourism and recreation areas the signal is often insufficiently stable, which makes it impossible to use receiving devices. Satellite and radio communication systems are also underdeveloped.

The road network of the Republic of Buryatia has few paved roads. Basically, paved roads connect the city of Ulan-Ude with regional centers, as well as with the cities of Irkutsk and Kyakhta. At the same time, in certain areas (Barguzinsky, Pribaikalsky, Eravninsky, Okinsky districts) there are sections of dirt roads, which worsens the traffic conditions for passenger vehicles and tourist buses. The road network is not developed, or there are few paved roads in tourism and recreation areas (Zabaikalsky National Park, the right bank of the Selenga River near Lake Baikal). This circumstance, along with the underdevelopment of roadside services, is a serious obstacle to the development of automobile tourism and the delivery of tourists to vacation spots. Considering that 53.3% of tourists use personal cars to travel to vacation spots, and 40.4% of tourists use buses, the underdevelopment of the road network and roadside services is a problem that requires quick resolution.

There is 1 airport of federal significance in the Republic of Buryatia, but its reconstruction has not been carried out, there is no equipped checkpoint, which impedes the organization of international tourist air transportation. The activities of most regional airports have been suspended. There are not enough comfortable aircraft suitable for organizing air travel and transporting tourists on local routes; there are no tourist-class helicopters and small aircraft.

There are several railway lines in Buryatia, connecting it with the western and eastern regions of Russia, as well as with Mongolia. 21.9% of tourists use the services of the railway, mainly for trips to and from the republic. Internal rail transportation within its borders is poorly developed, but at the same time the demand for this type of transportation is quite high.

The development of public infrastructure in the Republic of Buryatia is carried out in accordance with sectoral federal and republican programs, and the needs of the tourism sector are not sufficiently taken into account. Investment support for the development of the tourist and recreational complex of the Republic of Buryatia is carried out through the mechanism of state support and market mechanisms, the influence of which on the tourism process is increasing. Provision from budgets is carried out through the financing of targeted programs for the development of tourism and resorts.

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Buryatia, due to its geographical location, rich history and unique natural resources, is ideal for tourism. Buryatia has everything for the development of tourism: impressive natural sites, rich cultural heritage, interesting national and environmental traditions and a variety of tourist routes - horseback riding, hiking, water, mountain. Everyone notes the exceptional originality of the main natural object of the region - Baikal. The climate on Lake Baikal is special; its main feature is the huge mass of clean water. On Baikal, summers are not very hot, and winters are milder than in the continental part. The number of days a year in the Baikal region exceeds even the resorts of the South of Russia.

The Republic of Buryatia has a recreational potential, the full use of which can largely satisfy the need for sanatorium treatment, tourism and recreation of the population both in the republic itself and in other regions of Russia, the CIS, as well as foreign tourists from Asia, Europe, and America. This is a sufficient prerequisite for the creation of a highly profitable tourist and recreational complex in Buryatia as one of the promising sectors for the development of the republic’s economy. The uniqueness of the ecosystem of Lake Baikal and the natural and cultural landscapes of its basin, which meet all the characteristics of a World Heritage Site, creates broad prospects for the development of the recreational sector of the economy.

There are 3 nature reserves in Buryatia: Barguzinsky, Baikalsky, Dzherginsky and two national parks - Zabaikalsky and Tunkinsky. The main tourist attractions of the republic are concentrated in three geographical regions: Northern Baikal, Podlemorye and Tunka. The most promising areas for tourism development are the Pribaikalsky, Barguzinsky, Kurumkansky, Kabansky, Kyakhtinsky, Tunkinsky and Okinsky districts.

The Republic of Buryatia has unique opportunities for developing a network of holiday homes and sanatoriums. This is facilitated by the rich nature of Lake Baikal and the presence of multiple natural healing springs that contribute to the treatment of diseases of the musculoskeletal system, gastrointestinal tract, and cardiovascular system.

On the territory of the Republic of Buryatia there are 35 tourism enterprises with a license to conduct international tourism activities (12 of them received licenses in 2001), 5 sanatorium and resort institutions, 270 tourist accommodation facilities providing various services, incl. hotels, camp sites, recreation centers, boarding houses, sanatoriums, fisherman's and hunter's houses, etc.

The nature of the republic has given people over three hundred healing springs, which are called arshans, which means “healing water”, “drink of the gods”. Carbon dioxide, thermal and cold waters are developed in the Eastern Sayan Mountains. Within the Baikal rift, nitrogen-silicon thermal waters containing radon and hydrogen sulfide are common; in addition, there are cold sulfide and ferruginous waters in the region. Accommodation conditions at the resorts are very different: separate cottages, hotel-type dormitories, separate summer houses, tent camps. The most famous health resorts in Buryatia are the sanatoriums “Arshan”, “Sayany”, “Goryachinsk”, “Baikalsky Bor”.

State nature reserves are territories (water areas) that are of particular importance for the conservation and restoration of natural complexes or their components and maintaining the ecological balance.

As of January 1, 2002, in the Republic of Buryatia there are 3 state natural reserves of federal significance - Altacheysky, Kabansky, Frolikhinsky (with a total area of ​​181.3 thousand hectares; the Kabansky state natural reserve is a structural subdivision of the Baikal State Natural Biosphere Reserve), 17 regional nature reserves values ​​(total area 884.8 thousand hectares).

The reserves of Buryatia do not have a zoning regime, with the exception of the Pribaikalsky reserve, in which zoning of the territory was carried out in accordance with the TACIS program “Management of Natural Resources in the Lake Baikal Region” in 1999.

Natural monuments are unique, irreplaceable, ecologically, scientifically and aesthetically valuable natural complexes, as well as objects of natural and artificial origin.

In the Republic of Buryatia, 266 natural monuments have been identified (93 of them have decrees of the Government of the Republic of Belarus): 19 landscape, 82 geological, 111 aquatic, 25 botanical, 9 zoological, 20 natural-historical.

The Main Directorate of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia for the Republic of Buryatia is reviewing documents on the organization of two botanical monuments of regional significance “Relict Grove of Japanese Elm” in the Baikal region (Tataurovo village, Mostovka village).

In the structure of tourist flow, domestic tourism accounts for more than 80%, inbound tourism 13%, outbound tourism 7%. The ratio of types of tourism indicates the predominant development of domestic tourism, which is a positive factor, amounted to 186,729 people, including domestic tourism - 165,404, inbound - 21,296 people, tourist and sanatorium-resort resources of the republic, issues of creating information (visiting) are being worked out. centers in the regions of Buryatia.

Promoting the tourism product of Buryatia in professional tourism markets contributes to the development of international relations, attracting investment resources not only in the tourism sector, but also in other promising sectors of the economy, the development of promising enterprises and projects, which ultimately leads to an increase in tourist flow to the republic.

Positive changes are taking place in the field of tourism development planning and organization at the local level, which is a factor that increases the manageability of the industry and reduces the negative economic, environmental and socio-cultural results of uncontrolled tourism development. Development programs and plans have been prepared and are being prepared in the Kabansky, Barguzinsky, Tunkinsky, Okinsky, Pribaikalsky, Muisky districts, municipal tourism enterprises and sanatorium-resort associations have been organized in the Tunkinsky, Kurumkansky, Severobaikalsky districts.

Work has begun to create a mechanism for managing and protecting the resources of territories actively used for tourism, recreation and treatment. The concept of tourism development in the Republic of Buryatia for the period until 2010 was approved. The materials necessary to give the status of specially protected natural areas of local importance to areas that have valuable health-improving and recreational resources suitable for organizing tourism and recreation are currently being prepared.

The revival of domestic tourism is also evidenced by the fact that since the beginning of 1999, the railway has served, according to republican departments, about 200 thousand people who went on vacation through Buryatia.

The Republic of Buryatia has a rich historical and cultural heritage. The republic is home to peoples with different historical backgrounds and cultural traditions. The combination of at least two types of cultural mutual influences (Mongol-Buryat and Slavic-Russian), as well as two religions (Buddhism and Christianity) determines the uniqueness of these places, the originality of the culture, as well as cultural and historical values.

Monuments of outstanding significance or especially characteristic of the architecture of the region, of interest for cultural and educational use (museums, exhibitions, excursion displays), datsans, churches, temple complexes, monasteries, buildings associated with memorable historical events and persons, etc. , are in extremely unsatisfactory or emergency condition. For this group of monuments, there are practically no other opportunities to attract significant one-time investments for conservation and restoration, except for state and local budget support with the participation of communities of believers, as well as individual users for a number of objects.

Buildings intended for commercial purposes (hotels, shopping arcades, shops) and buildings whose purpose does not conflict with commercial tourist use (residential buildings, estate complexes, outbuildings) require reconstruction. For this group of monuments, along with budget support, the organization of private investment financing is necessary.

It is required to conduct research ahead of archaeological work on historical and cultural monuments that are subject to restoration in areas of reconstruction and new construction in the historical zones of cities, rural settlements, and along the routes of historical roads.

The urgent issue is the development of a network of craft houses, art schools, and workshops; wider involvement in training of teenagers, pensioners, migrants, and demobilized military personnel; participation in teaching by craftsmen who master production techniques characteristic of a given territory. It is necessary to expand and develop home-based work and to assist craftsmen in providing materials and equipment.

The need to overcome the economic crisis by implementing specific tourism development programs for each region is associated with the characteristics of the current period of market formation in the country, and in particular, with the possibilities of managing and financing program activities and the subsequent distribution of tourism revenues to solve pressing problems of the region’s population and further development.

Currently, the republican tourism management bodies should be tasked with the following tasks:

• · development and adoption of a tourism development program that does not contradict the Federal program;
• · development and adoption of a new law on tourism in the Republic of Belarus;
• · propaganda of the image of the republic;
• · development of a system of regional and local programs for tourism projects, highlighting priority types of promising tourism activities for each area;
• · streamlining property relations in the tourism sector, taking into account the characteristics of tourism activities;
• · integration of the region into the system of the Russian and world tourism market and participation in international cooperation in tourism;
• · creation of a modern differentiated tourism market based on the development of competition, specialization and cooperation in the work of tourism organizations of all forms of ownership;
• · stimulating the development of tourism infrastructure by attracting extra-budgetary sources (including foreign investments);
• · implementation in the republic of the concept of sustainable development in tourism as an economically safe form of using natural and cultural resources;
• · creation of a republican system of training, retraining and advanced training of tourism personnel that meets modern conditions;
• · development of regulations on the coordination center for personnel training, information and statistical support, marketing and sociological research; regulations on advertising for travel agencies; regulations on tour guides and guide-translators;
• · assistance in the development and implementation of progressive technologies for tourism services in the republican market;
• · formation of a system of advertising and information support for the tourism industry of the republic;
• · support for social and especially children's tourism;
• · targeted use of funds received by the budget from enterprises in the tourism and excursion industry;
• · development of a system of statistical reporting on types of tourism activities and related sectors of the republic’s economy;
• · effective use, maintenance and restoration of the republic's recreational resources (introduction of additional fees and payments for the use of recreational resources);
• · ensuring sufficient attractiveness of the tourist complex and the tourism potential of the region as an area of ​​active international entrepreneurship and business cooperation;
• · providing favorable conditions for small businesses that can develop without attracting government funds;
• · expansion of a network of hotels of different categories (with parks, beaches, etc.), including a network of small hotels;
• · expansion of hunting and fishing grounds (with the possibility of renting equipment, etc.);
• · organization of recreation centers, youth centers, campsites, tourist centers.

Based on the analysis, it should be noted that the potential of the analyzed territories makes it possible to develop the necessary systems of cultural, trade, food, production and sale of folk crafts and tourist accommodation facilities in historical centers and other actively visited areas of historical cities and villages, but this requires reconstruction , modernization and restructuring of the existing tourism infrastructure, administrative, cultural and business facilities, housing and related social facilities, economic and industrial facilities.

To expand the geography of tourist trips, it is necessary to develop routes (tours) based on a more complete use of the outstanding historical, cultural and natural potential of the region, which will be able to satisfy the needs of domestic and foreign citizens with different income levels and spiritual needs (cognitive, business, religious, scientific and educational, environmental, sports and recreational, equestrian, specialized in interests).

According to world experience, a catalyst for the development of tourism in similar territories can be the organization of cultural projects, festivals, holidays, congresses, exhibitions, and competitions.

The task of preserving and consolidating, stabilizing the tourism sector involves reaching the previously existing flow parameters (1991), but at a qualitatively new level; creating conditions for the further development of tourism mainly by improving the reconstruction and functional restructuring of the existing base simultaneously with changing its structure, including through the new construction of hotels, tourist villages, club hotels, motels and campsites on the main routes.

Tourism- a priority sector of the economy of Buryatia. Tourism assets allow the republic to be one of the most competitive regions of Russia. According to the Expert RA agency, Buryatia’s tourism potential in the investment ranking of Russian regions rose from 45th place in 2006 to 14th place in 2010.

Buryatia attracts tourists from all over the world with Lake Baikal and other unique natural, historical and cultural attractions.

Statistics

In 2011, Buryatia received 586.5 thousand tourists from more than 60 countries and regions of Russia. The volume of paid services amounted to 114.2 million rubles. The number of employees in the tourism industry of Buryatia is 4.8 thousand people.

Over the nine months of 2013, the influx of tourists in Buryatia increased by 7.5% compared to the same period last year and amounted to 617 thousand people, of which 53.9% were in the Tunkinsky district.

The flow of tourists to Buryatia increases annually by an average of 10-20%. According to the forecasts of the government of Buryatia, in the coming years the republic will receive up to 1 million people per year.

The main countries from which tourists come to Buryatia

Priority types of tourism in Buryatia

• Ski
• Adventure
• Religious

Regions of Buryatia

№	Municipal district of Buryatia	Administrative center
1	Barguzinsky district	Barguzin village
2	Bauntovsky district	Bagdarin village
3	Bichursky district	Bichura village
4	Dzhidinsky district	Petropavlovka village
5	Eravninsky district	Sosnovo-Ozerskoe village
6	Zaigraevsky district	Zaigraevo village
7	Zakamensky district	Zakamensk city
8	Ivolginsky district	village of Ivolginsk
9	Kabansky district	village of Kabansk
10	Kizhinginsky district	Kizhinga village
11	Kurumkansky district	Kurumkan village
12	Kyakhtinsky district	Kyakhta city
13	Muisky district	Taksimo village
14	Mukhorshibirsky district	village of Mukhorshibir
15	Okinsky district	Orlik village
16	Pribaikalsky district	village Turuntaevo
17	Severo-Baikalsky district	Nizhneangarsk village
18	Selenginsky district	Gusinoozersk city
19	Tarbagatai district	Tarbagatai village
20	Tunkinsky district	village of Kyren
21	Khorinsky district	village of Khorinsk

Popular places

1. Arshan- balneological resort at the foot of the Eastern Sayans
2. Baikal- the oldest, deepest and cleanest lake on Earth, a shrine for the peoples living on its shores, a place of extraordinary beauty and powerful energy, an attractive tourist brand of Russia, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
3. Goddess Yanzhima- patroness of fertility, bestows vitality on women
4. Burin Khan- sacred mountain, one of the most revered Buddhist shrines in Central Asia
5. Valley of Volcanoes in Gornaya Oka
6. Ivolginsky datsan- official center of Russian Buddhism
7. Ivolginskoe settlement- northern outpost of the Xiongnu Empire, the largest archaeological site in Transbaikalia
8. Kyakhta- an ancient merchant settlement, a city of millionaires, the tea capital of Russia, sandy Venice
9. Kyakhtinsky Museum of Local Lore- one of the oldest museums in Transbaikalia, a unique Xiongnu collection
10. Mamai is a cult place for winter extreme sports lovers
11. Sartul-Gegetui datsan- a beautiful Buddhist temple in the south of Buryatia
12. Svetlaya Polyana- an ecological and ethnographic park in Maksimikha, built in the form of a Cossack fort from the 17th century.
13. Transbaikal Old Believers(semeyskie) - original Old Russian culture, a masterpiece of the oral and intangible heritage of humanity (UNESCO)
14. Tagley- a mysterious lake in the inaccessible mountain taiga, which has healing properties
15. Ulan-Ude- the heart of Russian Asia, the cultural center of Transbaikalia
16. Ushkany Islands- rookeries of the Baikal seal (nerpa)
17. Chivyrkuisky Bay- one of the most picturesque places on Lake Baikal
18. Egituisky datsan- one of the most visited datsans in Buryatia

Protected areas

Resorts

• Kuchiger
• Umhei

Mineral springs

• Agsurga
• Akshanga
• Bezymyansky
• Goudzhekit (Sunny)
• Gegetui
• Dzelinda
• Engorboy
• Zhebkhekhensky Arshan
• Zhoigan
• Golden Key
• Inzagatuy
• Kotelnikovsky
• Kotokelsky
• Old keys
• Halyuta
• Khoito-Gol (Okinsky)

Monuments of culture and history

• Baga-Zarya - the largest painting (petroglyphs) in Transbaikalia
• Bayan-Under - Xiongnu fortress in the south of Buryatia
• Dyrestuisky Kultuk - Xiongnu burial grounds in the south of Buryatia
• Ivolginskoe settlement - the northern outpost of the Xiongnu Empire
• Elm Pad - burial grounds of the Xiongnu nobility
• Orgoyton - Xiongnu princely burial ground in the south of Buryatia
• Varvarina Gora - Paleolithic site in the vicinity of Novaya Bryansk

Events

• Sagaalgan: a national holiday, celebrating the New Year - the Year of the Snake according to the lunar calendar. The date is “floating”, calculated according to the lunar calendar, in 2013 it is celebrated on February 11 (a day off in the republic)
• IX ice fishing tournament “Baikal Fishing-2013”. Barguzinsky district, Kholodyanka area. April 5 - 6, 2013
• Instrumental Music Festival - April 24-27, 2013
• Mountain festival “Munku-Sardyk”: annually in the last days of April at the foot of the Munku-Sardyk mountain peak, in the gorge of the Irkut River, gathers mountain tourism lovers from all over the world. Okinsky district.
• Night at the Museum - May 18, 2013
• Musical summer: every Saturday on the propylaea of ​​the Opera House, spectators can enjoy an open-air concert with the participation of the best folklore groups of the republic, as well as opera and pop artists
• Interregional festival of original song and poetry “Songs of Bulat on Baikal”: a music and poetry festival on the shores of Lake Baikal, where bards from all over Russia gather and organize soulful concerts of original songs with a guitar. June 20-23, 2013
• Festival of Cossack culture - takes place annually in July in different regions of Buryatia. In the summer of 2013 it will take place in the Barguzinsky district
• Surkharban (Naadan): Buryat cultural and sports festival - national wrestling, horse racing, Buryat archery, games, performances of folklore groups, treats with Buryat cuisine. Ulan-Ude. July 7, 2013
• V International Music Festival “Voice of Nomads. Baikal/Buryatia": world music festival. In 2013, teams from France, China, Bulgaria, Portugal, Finland and other countries are expected to participate. The star of the festival will be the Ukrainian group “Daha Brakha” and Port Mone. Ulan-Ude, Lake Baikal. July 9-13, 2013
• Baikal Information Forum: representatives of the media, libraries, museums, providers and telecom operators from all over Russia, Mongolia and China will discuss current problems of the information society. Special participation of library directors of the Siberian Federal District is planned. Ulan-Ude, Lake Baikal. July 9-13, 2013
• Festival “Night of Yokhora”: the Buryat national song and dance theater “Baikal” annually organizes a festival of Buryat folk circular dance, uniting all participants and spectators with the energy of youth, the ancient pagan spirit of worship of the solar deity. Ulan-Ude. July 13, 14, 2013
• International festival-competition of folklore of Old Believers artistic groups “Give up, korogod!”: presentation of folklore in an authentic folk manner, preserving the singing school of the Old Believers. Old Believer groups from regions of Russia and abroad will take part in the festival. Tarbagatai district. July 7-19, 2013
• Baikal Day is celebrated in early September in Ulan-Ude.
• Festival of Hunnic culture - takes place in early September on the banks of the Selenga, near the Ivolginsky settlement
• Ancient City Day - takes place on the day of the city of Ulan-Ude at the Ivolginsky settlement, at other sites
• Book Salon 2013: book exhibition-fair. Ulan-Ude. September 26-28, 2013
• International throat singing competition “Breath of the Earth”: masters of throat singing from Mongolia, China and Russian regions - Tyva, Gorny Altai and Khakassia will come to Buryatia. Ulan-Ude. November 14, 2013
• International Ballet Festival named after Larisa Sakhyanova: soloists from Ulan-Ude, Moscow and St. Petersburg will perform on the stage of the Buryat Opera and Ballet Theater. Ulan-Ude. November 19-25, 2013
• V Baikal Christmas Festival: festival of popular classical musical art. Ulan-Ude, Severobaykalsk. Opens December 25, 2013

Travel media

Tourist guides to Buryatia

• Baikal: Buryatia, Irkutsk region. - France: Le Petit Fute, 1998
• Khamaganova D. M. Baikal. - M.: Around the World, 2007
• Khamaganova D. M. Baikal. All Buryatia. - M.: VIZA, 2009
• Khamaganova D. M. Baikal: Buryatia, Irkutsk region. - M.: VIZA, 2010
• Kochergin I. Baikal. - M.: Ajax-Press, 2010
• Eroshenko L. Tourism and recreation in Buryatia. - Irkutsk: Time of Wandering, 2011
• Baikal. Traveling around the Baikal region. - Irkutsk: Garant, 2012

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Types of Buryatia

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Mystery Tsam-2.JPG

Mystery Tsam

Budazhap Tsyretorov.JPG

Buryat shaman Budazhap Shiretorov

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At a shamanic ritual

Holy Trinity Selenga Monastery (walls).jpg

Holy Trinity Selenga Monastery

Russian Ancient Orthodox Church (Tarbagatai).JPG

Ancient Orthodox Church in Tarbagatai

Cranes in Jida.JPG

Cranes in the Dzhida Valley

In the Valley of Volcanoes.jpg

In the valley of volcanoes in the Okinsky region

Ulan-Ude Center.JPG

Center of Ulan-Ude

Opera and Ballet Theater in Ulan-Ude.jpg

Opera and Ballet Theater in Ulan-Ude

Fountain on Theater Square Ulan-Ude.JPG

Light and music fountain in Ulan-Ude

Church of the Resurrection of Christ in Kyakhta.JPG

Church of the Resurrection in Kyakhta

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Stone fortress Khoroi-Shuluun in the Marakta Valley

In the valley of volcanoes, mountain lake.jpg

Mountain Oka

Horse ride.jpg

Horseback riding in the Khoito-Gola mountains

Eagle Dance

Tree near Bolshaya Eravna.jpg

On the shore of Bolshaya Eravna

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Semey family house in Novaya Bryansk

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An excerpt characterizing Tourism in Buryatia

The countess, with a coldness that her son had never seen, answered him that he was of age, that Prince Andrei was marrying without his father’s consent, and that he could do the same, but that she would never recognize this intriguer as her daughter.
Exploded by the word intriguer, Nikolai, raising his voice, told his mother that he never thought that she would force him to sell his feelings, and that if this was so, then this would be the last time he spoke... But he did not have time to say that decisive word, which, judging by the expression on his face, his mother was waiting with horror and which, perhaps, would forever remain a cruel memory between them. He did not have time to finish, because Natasha, with a pale and serious face, entered the room from the door where she had been eavesdropping.
- Nikolinka, you are talking nonsense, shut up, shut up! I’m telling you, shut up!.. – she almost shouted to drown out his voice.
“Mom, my dear, this is not at all because... my poor darling,” she turned to the mother, who, feeling on the verge of breaking, looked at her son with horror, but, due to stubbornness and enthusiasm for the struggle, did not want and could not give up.
“Nikolinka, I’ll explain it to you, you go away - listen, mother dear,” she said to her mother.
Her words were meaningless; but they achieved the result she was striving for.
The countess, sobbing heavily, hid her face in her daughter's chest, and Nikolai stood up, grabbed his head and left the room.
Natasha took up the matter of reconciliation and brought it to the point that Nikolai received a promise from his mother that Sonya would not be oppressed, and he himself made a promise that he would not do anything secretly from his parents.
With the firm intention, having settled his affairs in the regiment, to resign, come and marry Sonya, Nikolai, sad and serious, at odds with his family, but, as it seemed to him, passionately in love, left for the regiment in early January.
After Nikolai's departure, the Rostovs' house became sadder than ever. The Countess became ill from mental disorder.
Sonya was sad both from the separation from Nikolai and even more from the hostile tone with which the countess could not help but treat her. The Count was more than ever concerned about the bad state of affairs, which required some drastic measures. It was necessary to sell a Moscow house and a house near Moscow, and to sell the house it was necessary to go to Moscow. But the countess’s health forced her to postpone her departure from day to day.
Natasha, who had easily and even cheerfully endured the first time of separation from her fiancé, now became more excited and impatient every day. The thought that her best time, which she would have spent loving him, was being wasted in such a way, for nothing, for no one, persistently tormented her. Most of his letters angered her. It was insulting to her to think that while she lived only in the thought of him, he lived a real life, saw new places, new people that were interesting to him. The more entertaining his letters were, the more annoying she was. Her letters to him not only did not bring her any comfort, but seemed like a boring and false duty. She did not know how to write because she could not comprehend the possibility of truthfully expressing in writing even one thousandth part of what she was accustomed to express with her voice, smile and gaze. She wrote him classically monotonous, dry letters, to which she herself did not attribute any meaning and in which, according to Brouillons, the countess corrected her spelling errors.
The Countess's health was not improving; but it was no longer possible to postpone the trip to Moscow. It was necessary to make a dowry, it was necessary to sell the house, and, moreover, Prince Andrei was first expected in Moscow, where Prince Nikolai Andreich lived that winter, and Natasha was sure that he had already arrived.
The Countess remained in the village, and the Count, taking Sonya and Natasha with him, went to Moscow at the end of January.

Pierre, after the matchmaking of Prince Andrei and Natasha, without any obvious reason, suddenly felt the impossibility of continuing his previous life. No matter how firmly he was convinced of the truths revealed to him by his benefactor, no matter how joyful he was during that first period of fascination with the inner work of self-improvement, which he devoted himself to with such fervor, after the engagement of Prince Andrei to Natasha and after the death of Joseph Alekseevich, about which he received news almost at the same time - all the charm of this former life suddenly disappeared for him. Only one skeleton of life remained: his home with his brilliant wife, who now enjoyed the favors of one important person, acquaintance with all of St. Petersburg and service with boring formalities. And this former life suddenly presented itself to Pierre with unexpected abomination. He stopped writing his diary, avoided the company of his brothers, began to go to the club again, began to drink a lot again, again became close to single companies and began to lead such a life that Countess Elena Vasilievna considered it necessary to make a stern reprimand to him. Pierre, feeling that she was right, and in order not to compromise his wife, left for Moscow.
In Moscow, as soon as he entered his huge house with withered and withering princesses, with huge courtyards, as soon as he saw - driving through the city - this Iverskaya Chapel with countless candle lights in front of golden vestments, this Kremlin Square with untrodden snow, these cab drivers and the shacks of Sivtsev Vrazhka, saw old Moscow people who wanted nothing and were slowly living out their lives, saw old women, Moscow ladies, Moscow balls and the Moscow English Club - he felt at home, in a quiet refuge. In Moscow he felt calm, warm, familiar and dirty, like wearing an old robe.
Moscow society, everyone, from old women to children, accepted Pierre as their long-awaited guest, whose place was always ready and not occupied. For Moscow society, Pierre was the sweetest, kindest, smartest, cheerful, generous eccentric, absent-minded and sincere, Russian, old-fashioned gentleman. His wallet was always empty, because it was open to everyone.
Benefit performances, bad paintings, statues, charitable societies, gypsies, schools, subscription dinners, revelries, Freemasons, churches, books - no one and nothing was refused, and if not for his two friends, who borrowed a lot of money from him and took him under their custody, he would give everything away. There was no lunch or evening at the club without him. As soon as he slumped back in his place on the sofa after two bottles of Margot, people surrounded him and conversations, arguments, and jokes ensued. Where they quarreled, he made peace with one of his kind smiles and, by the way, a joke. Masonic lodges were boring and lethargic without him.
When, after a single dinner, he, with a kind and sweet smile, surrendering to the requests of the cheerful company, got up to go with them, joyful, solemn cries were heard among the youth. At balls he danced if there was no gentleman available. Young ladies and young ladies loved him because, without courting anyone, he was equally kind to everyone, especially after dinner. “Il est charmant, il n"a pas de sehe,” [He is very cute, but has no gender], they said about him.
Pierre was that retired good-natured chamberlain living out his days in Moscow, of which there were hundreds.
How horrified he would have been if seven years ago, when he had just arrived from abroad, someone had told him that he didn’t need to look for anything or invent anything, that his path had been broken long ago, determined from eternity, and that, no matter how he turn around, he will be what everyone else in his position was. He couldn't believe it! Didn’t he want with all his soul to establish a republic in Russia, to be Napoleon himself, to be a philosopher, to be a tactician, to defeat Napoleon? Didn’t he see the opportunity and passionately desire to regenerate the vicious human race and bring himself to the highest degree of perfection? Didn't he establish schools and hospitals and set his peasants free?
And instead of all this, here he is, the rich husband of an unfaithful wife, a retired chamberlain who loves to eat, drink and easily scold the government when unbuttoned, a member of the Moscow English Club and everyone’s favorite member of Moscow society. For a long time he could not come to terms with the idea that he was the same retired Moscow chamberlain whose type he so deeply despised seven years ago.
Sometimes he consoled himself with thoughts that this was the only way he was leading this life; but then he was horrified by another thought, that so far, how many people had already entered, like him, with all their teeth and hair, into this life and into this club, and left without one tooth and hair.
In moments of pride, when he thought about his position, it seemed to him that he was completely different, special from those retired chamberlains whom he had despised before, that they were vulgar and stupid, happy and reassured by their position, “and even now I am still dissatisfied “I still want to do something for humanity,” he said to himself in moments of pride. “Or maybe all those comrades of mine, just like me, struggled, were looking for some new, their own path in life, and just like me, by the force of the situation, society, breed, that elemental force against which there is no a powerful man, they were brought to the same place as I,” he said to himself in moments of modesty, and after living in Moscow for some time, he no longer despised, but began to love, respect and pity, as well as himself, his comrades by fate .
Pierre was not, as before, in moments of despair, melancholy and disgust for life; but the same illness, which had previously expressed itself in sharp attacks, was driven inside and did not leave him for a moment. "For what? For what? What is going on in the world?” he asked himself in bewilderment several times a day, involuntarily beginning to ponder the meaning of the phenomena of life; but knowing from experience that there were no answers to these questions, he hastily tried to turn away from them, took up a book, or hurried to the club, or to Apollo Nikolaevich to chat about city gossip.
“Elena Vasilievna, who has never loved anything except her body and is one of the stupidest women in the world,” thought Pierre, “seems to people to be the height of intelligence and sophistication, and they bow before her. Napoleon Bonaparte was despised by everyone as long as he was great, and since he became a pathetic comedian, Emperor Franz has been trying to offer him his daughter as an illegitimate wife. The Spaniards send up prayers to God through the Catholic clergy in gratitude for the fact that they defeated the French on June 14th, and the French send up prayers through the same Catholic clergy that they defeated the Spaniards on June 14th. My brother Masons swear on blood that they are ready to sacrifice everything for their neighbor, and do not pay one ruble each for the collection of the poor and intrigue Astraeus against the Seekers of Manna, and are busy about the real Scottish carpet and about an act, the meaning of which is not known even to those who wrote it, and which no one needs. We all profess the Christian law of forgiveness of insults and love for one’s neighbor - the law, as a result of which we erected forty forty churches in Moscow, and yesterday we whipped a fleeing man, and the servant of the same law of love and forgiveness, the priest, allowed the cross to be kissed by a soldier before execution.” . So thought Pierre, and this whole, common, universally recognized lie, no matter how accustomed he was to it, as if it were something new, amazed him every time. “I understand these lies and confusion,” he thought, “but how can I tell them everything that I understand? I tried and always found that deep down in their souls they understand the same thing as me, but they just try not to see it. So it must be so! But for me, where should I go?” thought Pierre. He experienced the unfortunate ability of many, especially Russian people - the ability to see and believe in the possibility of good and truth, and to see too clearly the evil and lies of life in order to be able to take a serious part in it. Every area of ​​labor in his eyes was associated with evil and deception. Whatever he tried to be, whatever he undertook, evil and lies repulsed him and blocked all paths of activity for him. Meanwhile, I had to live, I had to be busy. It was too scary to be under the yoke of these insoluble questions of life, and he gave himself up to his first hobbies just to forget them. He traveled to all sorts of societies, drank a lot, bought paintings and built, and most importantly read.
He read and read everything that came to hand, and read so that, having arrived home, when the footmen were still undressing him, he, having already taken a book, read - and from reading he passed on to sleep, and from sleep to chatting in the drawing rooms and club, from chatter to revelry and women, from revelry back to chatter, reading and wine. Drinking wine became more and more a physical and at the same time a moral need for him. Despite the fact that the doctors told him that, given his corruption, wine was dangerous for him, he drank a lot. He felt quite good only when, without noticing how, having poured several glasses of wine into his large mouth, he experienced a pleasant warmth in his body, tenderness for all his neighbors and the readiness of his mind to respond superficially to every thought, without delving into its essence. Only after drinking a bottle and two wines did he vaguely realize that the tangled, terrible knot of life that had terrified him before was not as terrible as he thought. With a noise in his head, chatting, listening to conversations or reading after lunch and dinner, he constantly saw this knot, from some side of it. But only under the influence of wine did he say to himself: “It’s nothing. I will unravel this - so I have an explanation ready. But now there’s no time—I’ll think about all this later!” But this never came afterwards.
On an empty stomach, in the morning, all the previous questions seemed just as insoluble and terrible, and Pierre hastily grabbed the book and rejoiced when someone came to him.
Sometimes Pierre recalled a story he had heard about how in war soldiers, being under cover fire and having nothing to do, diligently find something to do in order to make it easier to endure danger. And to Pierre all people seemed to be such soldiers fleeing from life: some by ambition, some by cards, some by writing laws, some by women, some by toys, some by horses, some by politics, some by hunting, some by wine, some by state affairs. “Nothing is insignificant or important, it’s all the same: just to escape from it as best I can!” thought Pierre. - “Just don’t see her, this terrible one.”

Course work

GEOGRAPHY OF TOURISM IN THE REPUBLIC OF BURYATIA

Introduction

Geographical position

Relief

Climate

Water resources

Flora and fauna

Population

Transport

Religion

Tourist infrastructure

Conclusion

Bibliography

Application

Tourism in Buryatia

Introduction

Today, tourism is one of the most promising areas of development for Russia and its regions, promoting the effective use of the rich natural, cultural and historical heritage, familiarization with which, on the one hand, serves to expand cultural competence, improve the health and recreation of citizens, and on the other - economic development, solving the problem of employment in small cities and towns and attracting additional funds into the country's economy.

In Russia, tourism is still a developing industry. In all areas of tourism activity, both at the federal and regional levels, there is a search for new forms of work, expanding the scope of supply and deepening its specialization, and creating new tourist complexes.

The direction of tourist flows in modern Russia covers more and more regions. But, despite the obvious benefits, not all regions of Russia are able to fully use their tourism resources to attract tourists and improve the regional economy.

Currently, tourism is one of the priority sectors of the economy of the Republic of Buryatia and can be considered as a factor in the economic growth of not only Buryatia, but also Russia, since, according to forecasts of the World Tourism Organization, by 2020 the country will be among the 20 largest countries in terms of tourist arrivals.

Tourism acts as a kind of catalyst for the socio-economic development of the territory, positively influencing the growth of employment, stimulating the development of related sectors of the economy, developing infrastructure and communications in the regions. In the first half of 2011 alone, almost 225.5 thousand tourists visited Buryatia, which is 16% more than in the same period last year, reports the republic’s statistical agency. Over 9 months, more than 450 thousand tourists visited Buryatia, of which 25 thousand were foreign guests. At the same time, tourists from Moscow, St. Petersburg, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Novosibirsk and Sverdlovsk regions predominate among Russians, notes Buryatstat. According to the department, 46% of tourists come to the republic for leisure and recreation purposes, 24% for treatment and recovery, and 24% for business and professional purposes.

Potential demand for the services of the tourist complex of the Baikal natural territory is primarily due to recreation on Lake Baikal; 60% of the lake’s coastline is used for tourism purposes. The basis for the development of tourism in the republic are natural recreational resources, which include unique natural landscapes, natural objects with the status of natural monuments, flora and fauna, water sources, deposits of mineral waters and mud. Specially protected natural areas (SPNA), which occupy 9.76% of the total area of ​​the republic and represent the totality of all categories of specially protected natural areas, have unique opportunities for tourist demand.

All of the above justifies the relevance of this topic.

Target -reveal the natural, cultural, historical and socio-economic prerequisites and, on their basis, consider the prospects for the development of tourism in the Republic of Buryatia.

Object of study:The Republic of Buryatia.

Subject of study:prerequisites for the development of tourism in Buryatia.

Job objectives:

-identify natural, historical and socio-economic prerequisites for the development of tourism;

-show the prospects for the development of the Republic of Buryatia as a tourist center, using the potential of the Baikal region.

Methodological basisresearch is the theory and methodology of tourism (Zorin, Kvartalnov, 2001; Birzhakov, 2001).

To solve the problems, the following were used research methods: abstract, descriptive, analytical, comparative geographical, statistical, cartographic.

Scientific noveltyThe results of the work consist in systematizing the material on the geography of tourism in Buryatia.

Practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of using materials when studying tourism disciplines at a university and geography at school.

Work structure.The work is presented on 49 pages, includes 4 figures, a bibliographic list (25 titles), consists of an introduction, two chapters (in accordance with the objectives of the study), a conclusion, a bibliographic list, and appendices.

The first chapter presents the natural prerequisites for the development of tourism in Buryatia.

The second chapter reveals the historical and socio-economic prerequisites for the development of tourism in Buryatia.

In conclusion, the main conclusions and research results are presented.

Chapter 1. Natural prerequisites for the development of tourism in the Republic of Buryatia

The Republic of Buryatia is one of the most beautiful and ecologically clean regions of our country, with an amazing diversity of natural landscapes and species diversity of flora and fauna. Natural resources of Buryatia<#"center">Geographical position

The Republic of Buryatia is part of the Siberian Federal District. It is located in the southern part of Eastern Siberia, east of Lake Baikal.

In the south, Buryatia borders with the Mongolian People's Republic, the length of the state border is 1213.6 km, in the west with the Republic of Tyva, in the northwest with the Irkutsk region, in the north with the Chita region.

The national highway M 55, several roads of republican significance and other types of roads pass here. There are also ports along the coast of Lake Baikal, through which cargo and materials are delivered by water. Buryatia is located relatively not far from energy bases, large industrial cities (Chita, Irkutsk, Angarsk, Krasnoyarsk, Achinsk) and markets for its own goods.

The administrative center of the republic is the city of Ulan-Ude. The area of ​​Buryatia is 351 thousand sq. km (6.9% of the territory of the Siberian Federal District; 2.1% of the territory of the Russian Federation), which is comparable to the area of ​​Germany. Buryatia is a multinational republic, where representatives of more than 100 nationalities live. The population is 981.2 thousand people. (this is 4.89% of the population of the Siberian Federal District, 0.68% of the population of Russia), the republic ranks 9th in terms of population in the Siberian Federal District, and 9th in terms of population density - 2.8 people. by 1 km."

Relief

The Republic of Buryatia is part of a mountainous zone that occupies a significant part of the south of Eastern Siberia. The relief is characterized by powerful mountain ranges and vast, deep and sometimes almost closed intermountain basins. The area of ​​the mountains is more than 4 times the area occupied by the lowlands. The Republic of Buryatia is characterized by a significant elevation above sea level. The lowest level is the level of Lake Baikal - 456 m in the Pacific Ocean, and the highest glacier-covered peak Munku-Sardyk in the Eastern Sayan Mountains is 3491 m above sea level.

The southern part of the republic, represented by the Selenga midlands, covers a significant part of the Selenga River basin - the main water artery of Lake Baikal, including all its large tributaries, and is characterized by the predominance of mountains with an average height of 1000-1500 meters above sea level.

Lake Baikal is adjacent to the high ridges of the Baikal region with wide intermountain basins separating them. Their belt includes the Eastern Sayan highlands, stretching from northwest to southeast for a distance of about 1000 km with a width of 200-300 km and rising in the central part of the ridges to more than 2500-3000 m. The predominance of the mountainous terrain of the republic places it among the most active seismic regions of the planet. Large and small earthquakes are quite frequent, but mostly they are 5-6 points. The belt of the Baikal region mountains is continued by Khamar-Daban, Ulan-Burgasy, Barguzinsky, Ikatsky and Baikalsky ridges (Appendix 1). In these areas least developed by economic activity, all the prerequisites for the development of sports tourism have developed. This is the southwestern region, covering Khamar-Daban and the mountain systems of the Tunka Basin; northern, including the northern and northwestern parts of the Severobaikalsky region; southern - area of ​​water travel along the Selenga River and its tributaries.

The watersheds of the Barguzin ridge represent classic alpine landforms. To the north of the Baikal region the ridges of the Stanovoy Highlands continue: Yuzhno-Muysky, Severo-Muysky, Udokan, Kalarsky.

The Vitim Plateau adjoins the northeast of the Baikal region. The entire Northern Baikal region is characterized by a continuous distribution of permafrost, sometimes occurring at a depth of 0.5 meters and up to 500-600 meters thick.

Climate

An important feature of the republic’s physical and geographical position is its remoteness from the Atlantic and isolation from the influence of the Indian and Pacific oceans by numerous mountain ranges. The climate of Buryatia is sharply continental with large annual and daily temperature fluctuations, with cold, long winters and hot, short summers. In winter, quiet, windless and clear weather with dry frosts up to 450°C and a small amount of snow prevails throughout the republic. The lowest winter temperature was recorded in January 1985 - 45°C. The average temperature in winter is 22°C. A harsh, windless winter gives way to a late, windy and dry spring with night frosts. Barometric pressure decreases during this period, and streams of cold air from the northern regions of Siberia rush into the territory. This contributes to the return of cold weather and the appearance of prolonged and strong winds. In summer, the territory of Buryatia warms up greatly. In the first half it is too dry, in the second half cyclonic activity gradually intensifies, as a result the wind speed increases and the bulk of precipitation falls (July-August). The average temperature in summer is +18.5°C. Autumn comes unnoticed, without sudden changes in weather; in some years it can be long and warm. In Buryatia, an average of 250 mm of precipitation falls annually.

In general, the climate is formed under the influence of three contrasting components: the dry and cold climate of the northern regions, the hot and dry Mongolian deserts and the humid Pacific.

The wind regime on the territory of Buryatia is varied. It is subject to significant changes, both during the day and according to the seasons of the year. In winter, wind speed in the republic is very low, the average wind speed is about 1-2 m/s. In spring, the wind increases noticeably. The maximum wind speed in spring reaches 20 m/s. In summer, on the coast of Lake Baikal the average speed is 3-6 m/s, while throughout the rest of the territory wind speeds are low (up to 2 m/s). In autumn, wind speed rises again to 5-6 m/s. In winter and autumn, northern winds predominate in the republic; in summer, westerly winds predominate; at the same time, the number of southern and eastern winds increases. The average annual precipitation in many areas of Buryatia in river valleys is 250-300mm. In mountainous areas, 30-50mm or more falls per year. In the main agricultural areas, the number of days per year with temperatures above 5º C is 150-160. Buryatia is located in the permafrost region, which has a significant impact on nature. The climate of Buryatia is healthy due to the abundance of sunlight, dry air and little cloudiness. In terms of the number of sunny days, Buryatia surpasses many southern regions of the CIS, not being inferior in this regard to the southern coast of Crimea.

Water resources

The water resources of the Republic of Buryatia are represented by surface and groundwater. In total, more than 30,000 rivers flow through its territory with a total length of about 150 thousand km. Of these, only 25 are classified as large and medium. More than 99% of the republic's rivers are small rivers less than 200 km long. All the rivers of the republic belong to three large water basins: Lake Baikal, the Lena and Angara rivers.

There are about 35 thousand lakes on the territory of the republic with a total surface area of ​​1795 km 2. The most significant reservoirs include Gusinoye, Bolshoye Eravnoye, Maloye Eravnoye, and Baunt.

Moreover, 52% of the territory of Buryatia is located in the Lake Baikal basin. The river flow resources of Buryatia are 98 km 3; per resident there are 94.3 thousand m 3year (almost 3 times more than the Russian average); at 1 km 2territory 279.8 thousand m 3/year. It should be noted that 61% of the republic’s river flow falls into the Lake Baikal basin.

Lake Baikal is one of the incredibly beautiful places in Russia. This is the deepest lake on our planet (Appendix 2). The bottom of Lake Baikal is 1167 meters below the level of the World Ocean, and the average depth of the lake is 750 meters. The lake is surrounded on all sides by mountain ranges and hills. The water in the lake is cold and clear, its temperature even in summer does not exceed +10°Baikal’s climatic conditions, winds and currents, flora and fauna have no analogues in the world and therefore the lake is a UNESCO world natural heritage site. (Speech by the President of the Republic of Buryatia V.V. Nagovitsyn at the plenary meeting of the Federation Council) The territory of the republic accounts for 60% of the coastline of the lake and it accounts for 25% of the fresh water reserves of the entire Earth.

The popularity of these places among vacationers and tourists is associated with the variety of thermal and cold mineralized waters. The coast of Lake Baikal is an area of ​​continuous activity in the earth's crust. Seismic vibrations are also common here. Against the background of a constant release of geophysical stress and proximity to the internal heat of the Earth, around Lake Baikal, and most of all in the Barguzin Valley<#"center">Flora and fauna

The position of Buryatia on the border of two different natural zones: the East Siberian mountain taiga and the Central Asian steppe - created a great variety and special character of the distribution of soil and vegetation cover. The southern part of Buryatia is similar to the steppes of Mongolia, and in the middle zone the forest-steppe landscape predominates. Southern steppe elements, confined to intermountain depressions and basins, penetrate far into the northern regions. Thus, the steppes are, as it were, “interspersed” in separate areas into the main background of forests. The upper limit of the steppe landscape on the southern slopes often reaches 1000 m in absolute height. Steppes formed in river valleys are distinguished by a richer and more varied herbaceous cover. Mountain steppes, poor in precipitation and groundwater, sometimes even take on a semi-desert character. Buryatia is characterized by a gradual rise from northwest to southwest, into the East Sayan mountain system, and east to the Yablonovy Range, after which a slow decline in the area begins.

Forests are known to have great water-regulating importance. Clear-cutting of forests, especially in the catchments of small rivers, contributes to a decrease in the natural regulation of flow and the drying out of rivers, as well as the intensive development of soil erosion processes. At present, when forest acts as a cheap raw material and the barbaric destruction of the centuries-old taiga is taking place not only by state timber industry enterprises, but also by numerous entrepreneurs and commercial firms, the problem of preserving forest resources is especially acute. Soils of the podzolic type are widespread in Transbaikalia. They are located mainly on plateaus, lower and middle parts of the slopes of ridges under larch, pine and cedar-fir forests. The most powerful and humus-rich varieties are plowed, and the weaker ones serve as pastures. The most fertile soils, chernozems, occupy significantly smaller areas than chestnut soils. The transitional link from chernozem and chestnut soils to podzolic soils is the gray forest soils located below the podzolic soils. In areas of river valleys with close groundwater and on gentle swampy slopes, meadow and swamp soils are developed. In areas with permafrost, meadow-permafrost soils form along river valleys. In the south of the republic, in the driest basins, there are solonetz and solonetzic soils covered with solonchak vegetation. In general, altitudinal zonation is clearly evident in the distribution of soils.

The fauna of the republic is very diverse. The stable commercial status of all types of game animals opens up great prospects for the development of hunting farms and hunting trophy tourism, which are of great importance for the economy of the region in general and for the population in particular. The main hunting objects hunted on the territory of the republic include 28 species of mammals (fur-bearing animals, wild ungulates), 6 species of upland game (chickens) and about 30 species of waterfowl. The basis of the fishery is sable, squirrel, fox, hare, muskrat, weasel, and ermine; among ungulates - elk, wapiti, musk deer, wild boar, roe deer, reindeer; in the group of game birds - capercaillie and stone grouse, black grouse, hazel grouse, Daurian partridge. In remote taiga swamps it is possible to meet a black stork.

The administrative regions of the republic have significant reserves of fish and sea animals, which are of great interest as objects of hunting and fishing tourism. Lake Baikal and the surrounding area are inhabited by 2,500 different species of animals and fish, 250 of which are endemic. The most famous are the omul, a commercial fish of the salmon family, and the viviparous golomyanka, a transparent fish without scales or a swim bladder. The Baikal sturgeon, davatchan, white Baikal grayling, taimen and tench are listed in the Red Book of Russia and Buryatia. Organizing sport fishing on the lake is possible throughout the year. The seal hunt, which takes place in March-April on the ice of Lake Baikal, is particularly specific.

Most of the territory of Buryatia is occupied by mountain taiga. Its entire northern, western and eastern parts are covered with forests. The forest boundary reaches a height of 2000 m. The main landscape-forming species is pine. In pine forests there is an admixture of cedar, fir, aspen, and poplar. The vegetation in the mountains is quite dense, often continuous thickets of dwarf cedar up to 3 m high form on the peaks. In the spring, wild rosemary blooms, and the forest turns bright purple. In summer, there is an abundance of flowers in the forests and mountains, especially on the mountain plateaus. The meadows of bright orange lilies, yellow and red lilies are very beautiful. Many plants have not only decorative, but also commercial value, and some plants are used in folk and Tibetan medicine. In autumn there are a lot of berries: lingonberries, blueberries, blueberries, cranberries, currants, raspberries, sea buckthorn, bird cherry. In some places, wild apple trees and Siberian apricots grow. In autumn, the forests are rich in mushrooms: milk mushrooms, saffron milk caps, boletus mushrooms, porcini mushrooms.

Buryatia is a region of the most picturesque protected areas, one of the few corners of our country where places of unique untouched nature have been preserved (Appendix 3). Here are some of the largest specially protected natural areas in Russia (by area). Three reserves - “Baikalsky”, “Barguzinsky”, “Dzherginsky”, two national parks - “Zabaikalsky”, “Tunkinsky”, nature park “Shumak”, three state reserves of federal significance, 13 reserves of regional significance, 5 recreational areas of local significance and 266 identified natural monuments.

tourism Buryatia climate resource

Chapter 2. Historical and socio-economic prerequisites for the development of tourism in Buryatia

For many Russian regions, the use of historical and cultural heritage is becoming one of the real opportunities for economic, social and cultural recovery.

Objects of historical and cultural heritage, being an important asset of cities, bring profit and significantly influence their economic development of the republic. By leveling out seasonal fluctuations and providing additional jobs, historical and cultural heritage plays a huge role in the social sphere. By reviving local cultural values, developing folk art, traditions - historical and cultural heritage contributes to the cultural uplift of the local population.

Also, historical and cultural heritage increases the attractiveness of regions, contributing to the development of city services, infrastructure, cultural organizations, and plays a huge role in the development of tourism in Buryatia.

The history of the Pribaikalsky region of the Republic of Buryatia is evidenced by numerous monuments located on its territory. Neolithic and multi-temporal settlements of the Republic of Buryatia are known on the shores of Lake Kotokel and in basins on the eastern coast of Lake Baikal (the villages of Banya, Goryachinsk, Istok Kotokelsky, Solontsy, Coal Pit, Monastyrsky Island, Koma, Turka, Cheryomushki, Yartsy Baikalskie, Katkovo), as well as a cave near the village of Turuntaevo. During the Bronze Age, the culture of “tile graves” appeared here, leaving behind many drawings in caves and on rocks. Many historical monuments related to the Xiongnu state that existed on this land have been preserved.

International tourist routes based on the historical and cultural heritage of Russia, Mongolia, and China pass through Buryatia: “Great Tea Route”, “Eastern Ring”, “Trans-Siberian Express”, “Baikal-Khuvsgol”.

Among the objects of cultural heritage, of particular interest are the forms of living traditional culture, reflecting the cultural skills and traditions of arranging the living space of people living on the Baikal territory. Representatives of many nationalities live here (and currently representatives of 112 nationalities live on the territory of Buryatia), the most numerous of which are representatives of the Russian and indigenous Buryat population. Representatives of the second indigenous nationality, the Evenks, live in small dispersed groups. One of the most interesting ethnic groups of the region are the Transbaikalian Old Believers, called “Semeyskie” by the local population. In 2001, UNESCO included the traditional culture of the Old Believers (lifestyle, folklore, rituals, crafts, traditional medicine) in the list of 19 intangible world masterpieces that require special attention, study and preservation, as a unique phenomenon of living traditional culture. The cultural self-expression of a people is always of interest. The natural curiosity of tourists forms one of the most powerful motivating tourist motives.

In the Republic of Buryatia there are prerequisites for organizing religious tourism, since the Republic is the center of Buddhism in the CIS. Like the Islamic hajj, the bulk of Buddhists visit the Ivolginsky datsan, and the number of visits increases sharply during periods of religious and folk holidays, and visits of religious leaders. The development of tourism is facilitated by the construction and reconstruction of datsans in recent years.

Recently, in Buryatia there has been a genuine revival of the national and regional culinary traditions of Buryatia, which is also a factor attracting tourists.

Climatic conditions and the historical conditionality of survival in the harsh regions of Buryatia have left their unique imprint not only on the lifestyle of the local residents, but also on their diet. Buryat cuisine is famous for its variety of dishes and delicacies. Unusual names of dishes and their bizarre appearance arouse genuine interest and desire to try them.

An important place among the main ingredients in the Buryat national cuisine is occupied by milk, dairy products and dairy dishes - dishes such as kurunguru, Buryat shangi flatbreads with sour cream, curd snowballs, dried foam and others. In Buryatia they drink tea with milk. The tradition of consuming dairy products developed historically on the territory of Buryatia, since from time immemorial lands unsuitable for gardening and grain growing were used as pastures on which huge herds grazed. There is a deeper meaning to loving these products. The importance of milk is also emphasized by the custom, according to which the guest is always treated to something milky. One of the components of the national dishes of Buryat cuisine is meat dishes. Along with a variety of sausages, Buryat cuisine is famous for such dishes made from meat as buhler (broth), ubsun, buuzy (poses), hirmasa, hiime, khushuur (meat pears) and oreomog. Anyone who decides to visit the Republic must try Shulen - a Buryat soup made from lamb and homemade noodles, as well as salamat. And for the third, you will probably be offered green tea with milk, to which butter and a little salt have been added. This drink not only quenches thirst, but also cleanses the blood, gives strength and perfectly tones. The ability to cook "poses" or "Buuzy" - the national culinary pride of Buryatia, is a must for every housewife. Moreover, the “poses” should not only be tasty, but also beautiful to look at. Even the number of tucks in each “pose” plays an important role.

Population

Socio-economic prerequisites are one of the fundamental aspects of tourism development. The main goal of modern holidays for tourists is impressions<#"347" src="doc_zip1.jpg" />

Figure 1 - Migration increase (decrease) in urban rural areas

One of the reasons for the increase in migration is the lack of federal policy for the development of the northern territories, including the BAM zone. In these areas, mainly the population of working age and older than working age (former BAM builders) moves with their families, having received housing certificates for the purchase of housing in other regions. There is a high loss of young people who went to study in other regions, which amounts to almost 100% of the number of citizens who left for temporary residence in other regions.

The number of economically active population in January 2012 was, according to estimates based on the results of population surveys on employment issues, 444.5 thousand people, or about 45% of the total population of the republic, which is 16 thousand people less compared to the corresponding period of the previous of the year.

Among them, 404.7 thousand people, or about 91% of the economically active population, were employed in the economy and 39.8 thousand people (9.0%) did not have an occupation, but were actively looking for it. (Appendix 4).

Figure 2 - Dynamics of the economically active population.

Despite the fact that the number of unemployed citizens has decreased compared to most regions of Siberia and the Far East, the Republic of Buryatia stands out for its high unemployment rate (Figure 2).

The regional labor market of the republic is characterized by a transformation of the employment structure, similar to the all-Russian one: a decrease in the share of people employed in industry and construction, with an increase in employment in the service sector and relatively stable agricultural employment. In 2010, 3,640 people were employed in the tourism sector of Buryatia, which is 2.4 percent more than in 2009 (Appendix 4).

In almost all areas of economic activity, as in previous years, there is a large number of labor migrants from China, Uzbekistan and the DPRK. In total, representatives of 27 foreign countries work in the republic. Among foreign workers, representatives of non-CIS countries predominate - 77.7% or 3265 people, CIS countries - 21.8% or 916 people and 20 stateless persons. The construction industry remains the most in demand for them, employing 2,984 people (49.7% of the total number of labor migrants). Next comes: manufacturing. Trade and repair of vehicles, forestry - 634, 578 and 238 people, respectively.

The level of education of the population of the Republic of Buryatia is quite high. The number of people with higher education is growing. For every thousand people over the age of 15, every 200 have a university education, and eight people have a postgraduate education. In terms of the number of workers with higher professional education (243 per 1000 employed), the Republic of Buryatia in the Siberian Federal District is second only to the Tomsk region - 255 and ahead of all other constituent entities of the Russian Federation, including the Krasnoyarsk Territory - 208 and the Irkutsk region - 212.

The tourism sector of Buryatia is experiencing a shortage of qualified personnel. In 2010, training of specialists in the field of tourism, hotel and restaurant management was implemented. Training was organized for eight specialists at the East Siberian State Academy of Culture and Arts, followed by an internship in the Republic of Korea.

Together with the Republican Employment Agency, the program “Training of Ecotourism Guides” was implemented, and a seminar on the specialty of guide-guide was held. The program trained 19 unemployed citizens from the North-Baikal, Barguzinsky, Tunkinsky, Kabansky, Mukhorshibirsky, Pribaikalsky districts, the cities of Ulan-Ude and Severobaikalsk.

Transport

The development of transport and communications were the most important incentives for the development of tourism and caused an increase in social mobility. The prerequisites for this were the success of transport construction, the development of air communications and cheaper air tickets, the automobile boom and the affordability of car prices for the average consumer. For tourism, it is especially important to ensure connections between local, national and international means of transport, so that tourist movement does not have interruptions in transport links.

Being a Russian border territory, with a common border with Mongolia stretching over 1000 kilometers, the republic has great opportunities for establishing mutually beneficial relations and is a connecting transport and communication bridge between Russia and Mongolia, China and other countries of the Asia-Pacific region. There are five checkpoints located on the state border of Russia with Mongolia in Buryatia.

Large federal roads and railways, such as Trans-Siberian and BAM, pass through its territory of Buryatia, connecting the republic with the regions of the Russian Federation and European countries. The most important highways are the roads of federal significance: Ulan-Ude - Irkutsk and Ulan-Ude - Kyakhta, the road of republican significance - the Barguzinsky tract - the only highway passing along the eastern coast of Lake Baikal.

The transport complex of the republic includes 6904 km of bus routes, 1374 km of railways, 4 airports and 1872 km of local air lines, 56.6 km of tram lines; over 100 thousand passengers are transported through these communications every day.

The level of development of the highway network largely determines the solution of tasks to achieve sustainable economic growth, increase competitiveness and improve the quality of life of the population of the republic. The presence of an effectively functioning road network helps to accelerate the development of industry, agriculture and trade, tourism, and increase investment attractiveness.

Most of the territory of Buryatia is characterized by an extremely underdeveloped internal communication infrastructure, lack of railway connections, and paved roads; air traffic is also difficult due to the deterioration of the regional aircraft fleet and the infrastructure of local airports.

The main problems in the development of transport in the republic are the low technological level and the unsatisfactory state of its production base. By the end of 2010, the depreciation of fixed production assets in road transport amounted to 70%, railway transport - 80%, and air transport - 90%.

A decrease in the volume of reconstruction and construction of infrastructure facilities, as well as the rate of replenishment and renewal of fleets of mobile vehicles and other transport equipment, has led in recent years to a significant deterioration in their technical condition (age structure, increased wear, etc.) and performance.

The road network of the Republic of Buryatia has few paved roads. Basically, paved roads connect the city of Ulan-Ude with regional centers, as well as with the cities of Irkutsk and Kyakhta. At the same time, in certain areas (Barguzinsky, Pribaikalsky, Eravninsky, Okinsky districts) there are sections of dirt roads, which worsens the traffic conditions for passenger vehicles and tourist buses. The road network is not developed, or there are few paved roads in tourism and recreation areas (Zabaikalsky National Park, the right bank of the Selenga River near Lake Baikal.). This circumstance, along with the underdevelopment of roadside services, is a serious obstacle to the development of automobile tourism and the delivery of tourists to vacation spots. Considering that 53.3% of tourists use personal cars to travel to vacation spots, and 40.4% of tourists use buses, the underdevelopment of the road network and roadside services is a problem that requires quick resolution. An unfavorable situation is developing in the field of motor transport support for the tourism sector, primarily in terms of transportation within the republic. The bus fleet is small, some of them do not have special equipment. The comfort level of vehicles is quite low. However, travel agencies offer rental of private buses and minibuses and minivans with air conditioning and audio, modern and comfortable cars from executive to economy class for meetings at the airport, at river and railway stations, walks and excursions around the city and countryside, travel to other cities.

In the Republic of Buryatia there are several railway lines connecting it with the western and eastern regions of Russia, as well as with Mongolia. The Trans-Siberian Railway passes through the territory of the republic<#"center">Religion

A special category of resources of Buryatia is represented by the historical and cultural heritage of the region, religion and ethnocultural characteristics of the indigenous peoples, who have preserved centuries-old traditions of environmental management and close communication with nature.

Since ancient times, Buryatia has been at the junction of many religions. Shamanism and Buddhism, Old Believers and Orthodoxy coexist peacefully here. The life of the region is rich in historical events; the history of the development of religious systems, individual elements of which are inherited from time immemorial, is equally interesting. Some of them were formed on local soil in the course of socio-economic and cultural development, some were borrowed from neighboring peoples, some were introduced during religious missions and expansions. Here, since ancient times, there have been cults that have partially survived to this day, and a system of polytheism (polytheism) has also developed, clearly manifested in the form of Buryat shamanism. The first religious ideas appeared among local tribes 40-30 thousand years BC. They eventually found embodiment in shamanism<#"justify">Buryatia is the only region in Russia where the monuments and shrines of Buddhism are represented in such a multifaceted way. Back in the time of Genghis Khan, this territory was declared a sacred reserve, and now it is rightfully considered one of the few truly sacred places on the planet.

The restoration of churches destroyed in the 17s in Buryatia began after the Great Patriotic War. Currently, Buryatia is experiencing a religious renaissance. The construction and reconstruction of datsans that have unfolded in recent years contributes to the development of tourism. There are 16 Buddhist datsans, 12 Buddhist societies, 17 Orthodox churches and parishes, 7 ancient Orthodox communities, over 20 religious sects, movements and other autonomous denominations in the republic.

The largest and world-famous datsan visited by tourists is considered to be Ivolginsky, which is the spiritual center of Buddhists in Russia (Appendix 4). Ceremonies here are conducted mainly in Tibetan. In the Ivolginsky datsan, the body of Hambo Lama Itigelov was discovered, which has been preserved incorrupt for 75 years. This fact has increased the flow of pilgrims and tourists traveling for religious purposes. The exact date of birth of Khambo Lama Itigelov is unknown, but it is believed that he was born in 1852. Now he sits under a glass bell in the Ivolginsky datsan (Appendix 5).

Since the beginning of the 1990s, some national groups have created their own national cultural associations and centers, began to actively revive their national culture, introduce it to the population of the republic, and establish contacts with foreign compatriots. The most active people in this regard are Jews, Germans, Poles, Koreans, Armenians, Azerbaijanis, Tatars, Belarusians and representatives of other nations.

Tourist infrastructure

Since 2002, the tourism market in Buryatia has been characterized by positive dynamics. For the period 2006-2010. The total tourist flow increased by 2.8 times, and the volume of paid services provided in the tourism sector increased by 2.3 times. According to Expert RA, Buryatia rose from 45th place in 2006 to 14th place in 2010 in terms of tourism potential and occupies a leading position among the regions of the Far East and Transbaikalia in terms of growth rates of key indicators.

In 2010, the number of tourist arrivals amounted to 471.2 thousand people, which is 30.4% more than in 2009. The volume of paid services provided to tourists in 2010 amounted to 1302.3 million rubles. and increased by 21.8% compared to 2009. The geography of inbound tourism is vast and covers 61 countries. The number of foreign citizens who visited the republic in 2010 was 22.2 thousand people. The share of countries in the Asia-Pacific region is 53.3%, Europe - 18.1%, USA - 4.4%.

According to statistical data, the number of tourist arrivals in the Republic of Buryatia for the 1st half of 2011 amounted to 225.4 thousand people, which is 16.1% more than in the same period last year, the volume of paid services provided to tourists was 533.4 million rubles , which is 24% more than in the 1st half of 2010 (Appendix 4) (Figure 3).

The state is investing in the development of tourism infrastructure and its active formation is taking place, marketing policy is improving to position Buryatia in the international tourism market as an attractive and promising region for tourism. The quality of service for tourists is improving. The tourism infrastructure of Buryatia is constantly being improved: in 2009, eight new hotels appeared here. At the end of 2008, the republic became a leader among the subjects of Siberia and the Far East in terms of sales of tourism services: its share in the total volume was 20% - 755.6 million rubles.

Figure 3 - Dynamics of domestic and inbound tourist flows

There are professional tourism organizations in the republic, whose credo is to make the stay of tourists in Buryatia unforgettable in terms of their feelings with a high level of Baikal hospitality. The tourist and entertainment infrastructure of Buryatia is represented by rich and unique museum collections, world-famous theaters, specially protected areas with untouched natural landscapes. The information infrastructure of tourism is represented by tourist Internet sites www.baikaltravel.ru ("Tourism and recreation in Buryatia"), and www.baikaltourmarket.ru ("Visiting and information service of tourism of Buryatia"), www.tearoad.ru (project "Great Tea path"). There are 7 tourism information and visitor centers, including the center of the State Committee of the Republic of Buryatia for Youth Affairs, Tourism, Physical Culture and Sports in Ulan-Ude, 3 centers in the Tunkinsky district, centers in the village. Ust-Barguzin, Kabansk, Nizhneangarsk. It is planned to create centers in the village of Turka, Ivolginsk. The level of budgetary support for the centers' activities is still insufficient.

There are 27 tour operators operating in the tourism market of Buryatia, 10 of which operate in accordance with the Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of the People's Republic of China on visa-free group tourist trips, 39 travel agencies, 4 professional public organizations (Buryat regional organization of the Russian Union of Travel Industry, NP Buryat Tourist Alliance, Baikal branch of the Russian Hotel Association, Buryat Association of Hoteliers).

In 2010, 45 collective accommodation facilities were introduced, of which: 7 tourist centers, recreation centers, 3 hotels, the remaining 35 RACs are guest houses and mini-hotels of various capacities. In 2010, 45 collective accommodation facilities were introduced. These are 7 camp sites, recreation centers, 3 hotels, 35 guest houses and mini-hotels, including in the city of Ulan-Ude - 7, Tunkinsky district - 15, Kabansky - 8, Pribaikalsky - 6, Barguzinsky - 8, Ivolginsky - 1.1 /3 of the introduced accommodation facilities are mini hotels in Ulan-Ude.

There are 771 public catering establishments in Buryatia, including 34 restaurants, 240 cafes, 368 snack bars, 81 bars and 48 canteens. The turnover of public catering in Buryatia in January-December 2011 amounted to 6.6 billion rubles, with an increase of 109.8 percent compared to last year. For January-November 2011, Buryatia is in second place in the Siberian Federal District for this indicator. The dynamics of public catering turnover were characterized by stable growth, due to an increase in population demand for food services and further development of infrastructure. The growth in turnover was also facilitated by the increase in the number of tourist arrivals and the holding of festive events in the republic. Public catering turnover for small enterprises, including micro enterprises, increased by 13.9 percent, for individual entrepreneurs - by 10.1.

Buying souvenirs is included in the mandatory program of any tourist vacationing in a new area. The desire to take souvenirs, national products, crafts, and printed materials from a region or country contributes to the emergence of more and more places where you can buy souvenirs with local flavor. Most accommodation enterprises have realized the benefits of developing trade in tourism goods and offer services for the purchase of tourism goods and the performance of tourism work both in the structure of a comprehensive hotel product and as individual additional services.

Buryatia, like any other part of the world, has its own special folk toys, dolls, souvenirs or small talisman. They have characteristic national characteristics that are unique to the area from which they originated. These are traditional souvenirs made of wood, horn, fur, and fabric.

The region's entertainment industry infrastructure includes cinemas, museums, and the State Circus of Buryatia.

The republic is rightfully considered one of the cultural centers of Eastern Siberia. A traditionally high level distinguishes the culture of the republic, represented by five theaters, professional unions of writers, composers, artists, and architects. The Buryat State Philharmonic Society operates in the republic.

In 2007, there were 5 state, 19 municipal, and more than a hundred settlement and school museums in Buryatia. Museum collections number more than 250 thousand items. One of the oldest museums in the republic and Siberia is the Khangalov Museum of the History of Buryatia, which contains the most interesting materials on archeology and religious cults (shamanism, Orthodoxy, Buddhism). Also widely known are the Museum of Nature of Buryatia, the Geological Museum, and the Ethnographic Museum of the Peoples of Transbaikalia.

The condition of roads, railways, and air traffic in the region plays an important role in the development of tourism. In addition, a significant factor is the level of development of the city’s transport communications: the availability and condition of bus and alternative modes of transport (metro, tram, trolleybus). These factors are of particular importance given the low population density in the region, the remoteness of tourist, entertainment and recreational facilities from the center of the region, its air and water communications, and the facilities for receiving and accommodating tourists.

The transport complex of the republic includes 6,754 km of public roads, 1,227 km of railways, 4 airports and 1,872 km of local air lines, 54.6 km of tram lines; over 100 thousand passengers are transported through these communications every day.

The main type of transport used in tourism in the republic is motor transport. Motor vehicles used to transport tourists to and from tourist centers.

It should be noted that a significant part of passenger transportation is occupied by trams, as well as suburban and intercity railway services.

While the poor quality of roads remains, their development is frozen, freight turnover and the volume of transported goods decrease, there is a gradual increase in the size of the vehicle fleet, in particular, an increase in the number of vehicles in the personal ownership of citizens.

The non-state sector has taken a dominant position. Enterprises of all types of transport non-state forms of ownership currently carry out 97% of cargo transportation and 38 - 50% of passenger transportation (air, rail, road, city electric).

At the same time, most of the territory of Buryatia is characterized by an extremely underdeveloped internal communication infrastructure, lack of railway connections, and paved roads; air traffic is also difficult due to the deterioration of the regional aircraft fleet and the infrastructure of local airports.

The main problems in the development of transport in the republic are the low technological level and the unsatisfactory state of its production base.

Conclusion

As a result of the study, the following conclusions and results were obtained:

.The natural prerequisites for the development of tourism in the Republic of Buryatia have been identified.

The Republic of Buryatia is part of the Siberian Federal District. It is located in the southern part of Eastern Siberia, east of Lake Baikal. Buryatia is predominantly a mountainous country, where there are several mountain systems: the Sayans, Eastern Altai, Khamar-Daban, Barguzinsky and Baikalsky ranges, which contributes to the development of ski tourism.

% of the territory of Buryatia is located in the basin of Lake Baikal. This unique natural complex is the main tourist resource of Buryatia.

Buryatia is a region of the most picturesque protected areas, one of the few corners of our country where places of unique untouched nature have been preserved. This is one of the most ecologically clean areas in the world, a recognized center of ecotourism in Russia. Here are some of the largest specially protected natural areas in Russia (by area). The total protected area is 2233.0 thousand hectares, including 77 percent of the area covered by forests, 5 by herbaceous ecosystems, 3 by water bodies. There are three nature reserves here - "Baikalsky", "Barguzinsky", "Dzherginsky", two national parks - "Zabaikalsky", "Tunkinsky", the Shumak nature park, three state reserves of federal significance, 13 reserves of regional significance, 5 recreational areas of local values ​​and 266 identified natural monuments.

Variety of thermal and cold mineral waters, mineral lakes, deposits of medicinal clays and mudsis a factor in the development of medical and health tourism makes the territory of Buryatiaa popular destination among holidaymakers and tourists.

Tourists take into account climatic and landscape features, the richness and uniqueness of flora and fauna, and natural opportunities for active recreation. The climate of the republic is sharply continental, formed under the influence of three contrasting components: the dry and cold climate of the northern regions, the hot and dry Mongolian deserts and the humid Pacific, and makes it beneficial for health due to the abundance of sunlight, dry air and little cloudiness. In terms of the number of sunny days, Buryatia surpasses many southern regions of the CIS, not being inferior in this regard to the southern coast of Crimea.

.The historical and socio-economic prerequisites for the development of tourism in the Republic of Buryatia have been identified.

Buryatia abounds in numerous historical monuments and memorable places - witnesses of its history, which plays a huge role in the development of cultural, educational and ethnographic tourism.

Buryatia is the center of Buddhism. This is the only region in Russia where the monuments and shrines of Buddhism are represented in such a multifaceted way. There are 16 Buddhist datsans, 12 Buddhist societies, 17 Orthodox churches and parishes, 7 ancient Orthodox communities, over 20 religious sects, movements and other autonomous denominations in the republic. This fact attracts a flow of pilgrims and tourists traveling for religious purposes, which contributes to the development of religious tourism.

Buryatia is a multinational republic, where representatives of more than 100 nationalities live. The population is 981.2 thousand people. (this is 4.89% of the population of the Siberian Federal District, 0.68% of the population of Russia), the republic ranks 9th in terms of population in the Siberian Federal District, and 9th in terms of population density - 2.8 people. per 1 km." Among cultural heritage sites, representatives of the Buryat indigenous population living on the territory of the republic are of particular interest.

The geographical location of the region plays an important role for the development of tourism in Buryatia. Being a Russian border territory, with a common border with Mongolia stretching over 1000 kilometers, the republic has great opportunities for establishing mutually beneficial relations and is a connecting transport and communication bridge between Russia and Mongolia, China and other countries of the Asia-Pacific region.

The tourism market of Buryatia is constantly improving. There are 27 tour operators operating in the tourism market of Buryatia, 10 of which operate in accordance with the Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of the People's Republic of China on visa-free group tourist trips, 39 travel agencies, 4 professional public organizations (Buryat regional organization of the Russian Union of Travel Industry, NP Buryat Tourist Alliance, Baikal branch of the Russian Hotel Association, Buryat Association of Hoteliers).

There are 411 collective accommodation facilities (CAF) for tourists in the republic with a total capacity of 13,198 beds. 2 hotels have a 4-star category. The structure of the KSR includes 100 hotels, 226 boarding houses, tourist centers and holiday homes, 11 sanatorium-resort institutions, 74 guest houses.

The huge tourist and recreational potential of the Republic of Belarus allows the development of various types of tourism on its territory. The main types of tourism in Buryatia are medical and health-improving, skiing, environmental, cultural-historical, ethnographic, educational, adventure, and speliotourism.

Bibliography

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12. Newspaper "Buryatia" in No. 153 dated August 25, 2010.<#"center">Application

Dynamics of domestic and incoming tourist flows

Indicators2008 Growth rate, %2009Growth rate, % 2010Growth rate, % 1st half of 2011 Growth rate, %Number of tourists served, people.341588134.6392408114.88505366128.8238234116.2 - domestic tourism 291022135.97347662119.46454577130.8218667116.8 - inbound tourism 1648486.6517200104.3422 244129.4782996.6 - outbound tourism 34082164.722754680.8228545103.711738120.4 Volume of paid services provided to tourists, million rubles.868,96131,761069,2123,041302,3121,8533,4124Number of employees, people3899141,52355391,134300121,13331101,7