Militia (police) shoulder straps and ranks in pictures. Shoulder straps and ranks of the Russian police: the meaning of the stars on them, historical continuity What is included in the number 4 stars

One of the key factors that a tourist is interested in when choosing is what the stars in hotels mean. After all, comfort and level of relaxation depend on them. If so, then let's get acquainted with the classification of hotels by category.

Experienced travelers, of course, will say that they have been to “troika” hotels, which are in no way inferior to 5-star hotels. And some “fives”, on the contrary, are, at best, four stars. And you can't argue with that. So why does this happen and what do the stars in hotels mean?

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The catch is that there is no single global and generally accepted classification in the field of hotel standards. Attempts, of course, have been and continue to this day, but even the system of standards of the World Tourism Organization is purely advisory in nature. Therefore, the information presented below is generalized.

Category D, according to the European classification, is the cheapest hotel, often without a list of additional services or with a minimum set of them (there may even be no room cleaning). All “apartments” are the same, with ascetic furniture. Toilet and shower are usually shared and located on the floor. We are not talking about TVs and refrigerators.

2 star hotel

Category C- a budget hotel “without frills” and a long range of services, including, however, daily cleaning, even if purely formal, once every 3 days. Amenities are usually provided in the room, although exceptions are not uncommon. There is also a telephone in the room, the area of ​​which, by the way, should be at least 10 square meters. If the hotel building has 50 rooms or more, then residents may be provided with meals, dry cleaning and laundry services. Two-star hotels have 1–2 types of rooms.

3 star hotel

Category B– the average and most common type of hotel with a standard range of services. All rooms have their own bathroom, air conditioning, hairdryer, refrigerator or minibar and TV. Cleaning is usually done daily. Guests are required to provide towels.

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The room area is at least 12 square meters. The hotel has a dining room or restaurant, laundry, gym, business center, and swimming pool. However, as we already wrote above, hotel star systems are different everywhere, and if something from this list is missing, it doesn’t mean anything. But what should be “iron” are several categories of rooms: 1-, 2-, 3-bed, family, etc.

4 star hotel

Category A– a high-class hotel, which offers all of the above, as well as special services, in particular, spa treatments, massages, and the presence of several conference rooms or restaurants. The room area must be at least 13 square meters. In the bathroom, in addition to a set of towels for various needs, there are also personal hygiene products: shampoo, soap, shower gel, etc. Slippers and bathrobes are optional.

The hotel has its own spacious territory, possibly a swimming pool or terrace. The interior is decorated in the same style, the corridors have carpeting, living plants, paintings on the walls. Private parking should also be provided, preferably, but not necessarily, a car rental service.

Find hotels at a good price.

5 star hotel

Category De Luxe– a hotel of the highest class. The most luxurious hotels that offer guests everything they might need. It offers a wide range of additional services, even exclusive ones. In particular, a golf course, helicopter parking, multi-room apartments, personal maids in the room, dog walking services, etc.

According to the rules, in hotels with this number of stars, the area of ​​the rooms should not be less than 16 square meters. m., (in fact it is much larger). There are also expensive interiors, and there may be several modern TVs with cable. The bathroom offers a wide selection of toiletries, including cosmetics and perfume, bathrobes, slippers, and a jacuzzi. Of course, prices for a stay in such a hotel are much higher than in 3 or even 4 stars.

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Additional information about hotel stars

1. Please note that the number of stars on a hotel is assigned to it from the moment of its opening and stars are rarely taken away, so in hotels of a “respectable age” that have not been renovated for a long time, reality may not meet your expectations.
2. A hotel may be deprived of its star during an inspection by authorized bodies. Such checks are carried out infrequently, but periodically they still take place.
3. The Spanish tax system is designed in such a way that the more stars a hotel has, the higher the tax that its owner pays. Therefore, there are often cases of deliberate underestimation of the category of a hotel by its own owner.
4. In Egypt, on the contrary, getting an extra star is not a problem, and some owners abuse this. Therefore, the number of stars on Egyptian hotels is a very relative phenomenon.
5. In Turkey, 3-star hotels have better service than 4-star hotels in some other countries.
6. In Germany, hotels assign their own stars. But regular inspections by the hotel guild are forcing owners to evaluate their hotels more soberly.

It is important to remember that all of the above are just recommendations, and you can find out specific room parameters and a range of additional services on the websites of the hotels you are interested in or by phone. And knowing what the stars in hotels mean, you can make the right choice.

Article updated 01/08/2019.
Do you want to know what types of police uniforms there are? In fact, this is important to imagine who you are dealing with on the road or in the city, but rank can only be determined by shoulder straps. Police representatives will not always state their rank and first and last name, although this is mandatory.

Why understand militia (police) ranks?

Imagine you are driving along the road in a car and an inspector stops you. How to contact him if he hasn’t introduced himself? You can simply say “comrade policeman,” but it’s much better, of course, by rank. The same applies to situations on the street if you are walking. In general, knowing your ranks and shoulder straps is a must. Moreover, they changed a little in appearance after the police were renamed the police.

Picture with shoulder straps

To make it easier to understand, look at the picture below:

Here I divided the shoulder straps into two rows for clarity, so let’s follow.
In the first row (top), from left to right, we have the following titles:

• Police Private;
• Lance Sergeant;
• Sergeant;
• Staff Sergeant;
• Police Sergeant;
• Police ensign;
• Senior Warrant Officer;

All of this was junior command, with the exception of the “private”, of course. The second row is much more interesting, since the ranks of the middle and senior squads are represented here. Also from left to right, bottom row:

• Junior police lieutenant;
• Lieutenant;
• Senior Lieutenant;
• Police Captain;
• Police Major;
• Lieutenant colonel;
• Police Colonel.

The last three belong to the senior command staff, the rest to the middle. Now you will be aware if an employee suddenly stops you and demands something from you. You can determine his rank by his shoulder straps.

Senior management. Generals' shoulder straps

Many people asked in the comments to supplement the article and add general's shoulder straps. Fair point. Although, of course, the general will not stop you on the street, but for general development you need to know what his shoulder straps look like:

As you can see, they differ from regular shoulder straps due to their unusual shape. Let's list what titles are presented here (from left to right):

• Major General of Police;
• Lieutenant General of Police;
• Colonel General of Police;
• General of Police of the Russian Federation;

Now you know everything about the ranks of modern police. Share the link to this article with your friends, it will be useful to them.

In our country, the police maintain order, control and regulate it.

Many people ask how to distinguish between shoulder straps and police ranks in order to correctly address a person in uniform and “not lose face”?

Police officers and military personnel have a lot in common. They protect Russian citizens and ensure the safety of life of the residents of our state.

The responsibilities of police officers in the Russian Federation are as follows:

• compliance and control of the law;
• organization of order for the population;
• crime detection;
• preventing illegal actions, searching for criminals.

Police ranks and shoulder straps of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation

The Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation is one of the main law enforcement agencies in our state. The Ministry of Internal Affairs assigns positions or special titles to its employees, guided by where and in what department the employee works.

The law of the Russian Federation describes periods of length of service in special ranks, which almost correspond to military ranks, only marshal and corporal are missing. In addition to the rank, the words “police” and “retired” are written.

Police officers are divided into five constituent ranks from private to general.

All employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs with special ranks are required to wear a uniform and insignia.

Shoulder straps are considered insignia. They are on the shoulders and show what rank the policeman is. To properly understand the differences, you need to look at the shoulder straps, determine the number of stars, size and how they are located.

More detailed information about the ranks is provided below.

Senior management

This officer rank includes generals.

In ascending order they include:

1. Major General - one big star on his shoulder straps.
2. Lieutenant General - 2 large stars located vertically.
3. Colonel General - three large stars placed vertically.
4. Police General of the Russian Federation - the emblem of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the form of a double-headed eagle at the inner edge and one very large star (from July 20, 2015, the emblem was changed by Post. Pr. No. 1147 of November 3, 2014 - there were 4 large stars). In 2015, in Russia, this title was awarded for the first time to the Minister of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation V.A. Kolokoltsev. This is the highest rank of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

Conditions for obtaining titles are the required length of service. It is added to the previous length of service, five years each for the first and second ranks from the above list. The third and fourth ranks from the list are appointed only by the president of the country.

Note: The shoulder strap is covered with a pattern, there are no gaps.

Senior command staff

The insignia of this officer rank also differs, and it consists of three ranks according to the list:

1. Police Major - one big star;
2. Lieutenant Colonel - two large stars, their placement horizontally on the outer edge of the shoulder strap;
3. Colonel - big three stars. Their location: two are located horizontally along the outer edge of the shoulder strap, and the third is above them in the center.

The necessary conditions for obtaining ranks in this category are a certain length of service, which is added to the service in the previous rank. May be three to four years.

Take note: A distinctive feature is two gaps (two vertical stripes) on the shoulder straps, their edging is red.

Middle management

This is the first officer rank. It also has its own differences:

1. Junior lieutenant - 1 star.
2. Lieutenant - two stars horizontally.
3. Senior lieutenant - three stars: two are placed horizontally along the outer edge, the third is in the center, above them.
4. Captain - there are four small stars: two on the outer edge, and two above them in the center - one above the other.

Titles are assigned by decision of superiors, a prerequisite for career growth: a diploma of higher education, and then a certain length of service, which is added to the length of service in the previous rank.

It is worth noting: shoulder straps highlight one gap.

Junior command staff

Here again everything differs according to rank, and their signs are also different from one another:

1. Junior sergeant - there are two horizontal stripes in the middle.
2. Sergeant – there are not two, but three in the middle.
3. Senior Sergeant - in the center it is one wide horizontally.
4. Sergeant Major - one wide, long vertical stripe.
5. Ensign - two vertical stars are placed on the shoulder strap.
6. Senior warrant officer - there are three such stars.

These titles are given by decision of the authorities, and the mandatory condition for obtaining these titles is the following: secondary or secondary specialized education.

Good to know: The shoulder straps are plain, without gaps or patterns.

Police rank and file

This police rank is the most junior. This includes:

1. Privates - there are no signs on their shoulder straps (clean, empty), they receive rank from the first day of service in the police.
2. Cadets of educational institutions - a large letter “K” is depicted on their shoulder straps.

The rank and file is subordinate to all four commanding structures, listed above in order.

Conclusion

Based on the above, when meeting with an employee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, a police officer, you can easily determine what rank the person is standing in front of you.

It is enough to remember the main dividing points:

• empty shoulder straps - private;
• stripes - non-commissioned officers;
• stars without stripes - warrant officers;
• stars and stripes - officers;
• big stars and patterns are the highest composition.

The division of police officers into five main types - compositions, and the introduction of insignia is of great importance for the order, control and effective service (for the benefit of the state) of this structure.

A serviceman's shoulder straps are his unique calling card, that is, one glance at the shoulder insignia is enough to understand what rank the soldier has. The stars on the shoulder straps provide enough information about which officer corps the serviceman belongs to.

However, the shoulder straps and stars did not immediately acquire their modern look. In pre-revolutionary times, they were interspersed with additional stripes called stripes. Only later did the stars on shoulder straps begin to demonstrate the serviceman as a person belonging to a certain rank in the military hierarchy.

How did the stars appear on the shoulder straps and what is their meaning?

Even during the times of Tsarist Russia, military personnel differed significantly in appearance from ordinary citizens, since their clothing had its own special insignia. However, during that period of time, shoulder straps as such, much less stars, did not exist. They were not the distinctive insignia of a soldier, as they are now.

As a rule, the appearance of a military man had few elements by which his rank and position in the hierarchy of the army could be judged. More attention was paid not to individual details, but to all military clothing as a whole. Therefore, the status of a serviceman was evidenced by the external cut of clothing, as well as the type of military weapon that the military man always had at hand. Basically, this rule applied to senior and junior officers. Generals, for example, had their own insignia, which distinguished them from military personnel of lower rank.

Reformation in this area occurred during the reign of Peter the Great, who, in his travels abroad, was inspired to change the appearance of the army during Tsarist Russia. The basic attribute initially became breastplates, which looked like a scarf. On it were the heraldic symbols of the army in tsarist times. When the hour of the nineteenth century struck, a new transformation took place in the appearance of the soldier’s clothing, which began to resemble a uniform in appearance, and it was more tail-coated in appearance.

In addition, original headdresses began to appear on the heads of officers, which also became part of the serviceman’s appearance, as a sign of distinction.

After such transformations, it was the turn of the epaulettes, which were the prototype of modern shoulder insignia. There is a significant difference between shoulder straps and epaulettes - the latter never had stars. Therefore, officers were distinguished in this case solely by the color scheme of their epaulettes.

If these are officers of the junior and senior ranks, then the shoulder insignia of tsarist times coincided in shade with the color of the uniform they wore. Generals, as a more privileged class in the military hierarchy, wore gold-colored epaulettes. Another difference between royal epaulettes and modern shoulder straps was that they were a decoration for a military man; they were very catchy and elegant.

Find out: What shoulder straps were worn in the USSR army, how did they appear?

Often wealthy military personnel had them made to order from pure gold. Modern shoulder straps are more modest, since after the Revolution took place, preference was given to practicality rather than beauty.

In the twenties of the last century, the military uniform replaced epaulettes with shoulder straps of the modern type, which the Russian army still uses. Since then, a hierarchy has also appeared in the Russian army, which has survived to this day.

For example, one star on the shoulder straps meant that the serviceman had the rank of warrant officer, but if the soldier had two stars, then he was a major, if there were three, then the serviceman moved to the rank of lieutenant colonel, and if there were four, then he was a staff captain.

Five stars mean that the serviceman has the highest military rank. If this concerns ground forces, then this is a field marshal, and if this concerns naval forces, then it is an admiral of the fleet. However, five stars are not sewn on his shoulder straps; they are replaced by one large one and the coat of arms of the Russian Federation (in the modern interpretation).

However, in those days, epaulettes had not yet completely disappeared from military uniforms, since they were worn by colonels. And just like in the distant tsarist times, they did not have such insignia as stars. They came into common use on military uniforms only after another reformation took place in Soviet times, which led to the fact that soldiers began to wear overcoats.

In addition to stars, the Soviet army began to use brass buttons. In addition, emblems were used that demonstrated the insignia of a particular branch of the military. Since then, the military uniform has acquired the form that is used to this day.

Sequence of ranks and corresponding stars

Stars are not currently used among the rank and file of the army. The youngest rank of a soldier who is just entering military service is private; he wears shoulder straps that do not have clear insignia. If this is a soldier who belongs to the security services, then an additional word is assigned to the rank. For example, if this is a prosecutor, then an ordinary justice is assigned.

• If this is a junior sergeant, then his shoulder straps have two transverse stripes.
• If it's just a sergeant, then it has three stripes.
• A few years later, the sergeant receives the rank of senior, and then a single stripe appears on his shoulder insignia, which is twice as wide.

Find out: What rank in the Russian Army corresponds to the rank of corporal?

Stars on shoulder straps and ranks follow a clear pattern, since in each composition they differ from each other only in quantity and size. Two stars are worn by warrant officers, and senior warrant officers wear three on each shoulder strap.

After a military man has passed the senior warrant officer, he becomes an officer.

• The junior lieutenant has one star on his shoulder straps. On the shoulder insignia there is a small star, which signifies the initial step among junior officers. On their shoulder straps there is one gap, which is a red stripe on which all the stars are located.
• Often people who are not yet very well versed in such a hierarchy ask the question, two stars on shoulder straps - what is the rank? In the junior ranks, this is a lieutenant; his stars are located at equal distances from each other on both sides of the central stripe.
• Three stars on the shoulder straps are a senior lieutenant, where the third star is slightly higher than the first two. Therefore, in order to determine the name of the rank to which a serviceman currently belongs, it is necessary to decipher the meaning of the stars on his shoulder straps. This can be done very easily, since it is enough to know the number that a particular rank has, as well as the principle of their location on the shoulder insignia. Therefore, when asked, three stars on shoulder straps - what rank, the serviceman knows for sure that this is a senior military man.
• The captain has 4 stars on his uniform. At the same time, it combines the position of the stars of all previous ranks, and the fourth is located slightly higher than the three previous ones.

Senior officers have the following hierarchy of ranks:

• Every serviceman knows by heart how many stars the first level has. The hierarchy begins with the major, who has one star on his shoulder straps and two gaps, which are represented as two parallel red stripes. The star, which is slightly larger in size than the stars in the younger composition, is located exactly between the two gaps.
• The second level is the lieutenant colonel, whose stars are located on two parallel openings, and at the same distance between each other and from the edge of the shoulder straps.
• Colonels have 3 stars on their shoulder straps, whose first two stars on their shoulder straps are located in the same way as that of a lieutenant colonel, and the third is located slightly higher.

After a serviceman has passed all the stages in the senior officer corps, he moves to the so-called elite, that is, to the senior officer corps. On shoulder straps of this composition there are no red parallel stripes, but there is a edging of a certain color. If these are ground forces, then the edging is red.

Find out: What kind of shoulder straps did the military wear with the rank of generalissimo?

The following hierarchy takes place here:

• The first level of the military elite is a major general, who in the naval forces corresponds to the rank of rear admiral. The soldier who bears this rank has one star, larger in size than that used in senior personnel.
• Next comes the lieutenant general with two stars, which are arranged in a row, which is the difference from the peculiarities of the arrangement in the senior officer corps. The stars line up in a row, but at a strictly defined distance in relation to each other.
• If there are 3 stars on the shoulder straps, then this is the rank of lieutenant colonel general. A serviceman who is in this rank has one more star than the previous general, which is located just above the two already on his shoulder straps.
• An army general has four stars. This rank was considered the highest in the military hierarchy for a long time. However, several decades later the rank of marshal was introduced. The army general's stars are arranged in a row and occupy most of the shoulder strap.