On August 7, 1705, construction was completed in the village of Krasnoye, Moscow province. Church in honor of John the Evangelist and lighting was carried out by Archimandrite Lavrenty from the Donskoy Monastery in Moscow. The church was erected at the expense of the king of Kakheti and Imereti Bagrationi Archil Vakhtangievich. The temple was built to save his son, the commander of the Russian artillery during the Battle of Narva, a general - sergeant-major, who had been in Swedish captivity since 1700.
Later, Prince Dadiani Alexander Petrovich added two chapels to the church. The right side chapel to the glory of the holy apostles Peter and Paul was built and consecrated in 1795. In 1786, Archimandrite Theophylact of the Savvino-Storozhevsky Monastery had already consecrated the left side chapel to the glory of St. Alexander of Svir. By this time, the church parish already numbered more than a hundred people.
In 1812, after the destruction by the French, the church was consecrated again. However, the chapel of St. Alexander of Svirsky was re-consecrated in honor of Alexander Nevsky, the Blessed Prince.
The brick church that we can see today belongs to the “octagonal by quadrangular e” type of temple. Initially Church of St. John the Evangelist in the village of Krasnoe consisted of a small refectory and a southern aisle. In the 19th century, the structure was expanded by adding a northern aisle and a vestibule with symmetrical towers on the aisles. One tower was equipped with a clock, the other had a bell tower. There were six beautiful bells on the bell tower, the largest real campan weighing more than 1600 kilograms. The previous architectural decoration of the facades is replaced by plaster, and the building takes on the features of a late provincial Empire style.
With the establishment of Soviet power, the temple was closed, the last rector of the temple was subjected to repression. The dome and bell towers are destroyed. In October 1969, the Krasnopakhorsky village council began a major overhaul of the church building. Having opened the floor, the builders discovered a narrow stone corridor underneath. This passage stretched from west to east. A hatch and stone steps going down were discovered inside. Further, the corridor had three branches in different directions. There is an opinion that the passages led to the estate located nearby, to the ravine to the left of the church and to the greenhouse located on the personal territory. All the passages were blocked.
In 1991, the temple was returned to believers, and active restoration immediately began. After 20 years, at the beginning of 2012, the temple again needed repairs. But the bell towers, lost during the Soviet era, no longer appear in the ensemble of this ancient monument of local significance, which is exactly how the temple is listed in the Roskultura register. Currently on site Church of St. John the Evangelist in Krasnoye The bells ring, but the bells are located close to the ground on stands under a canopy.

In 1790 in the village. Krasny, Staritsky district, Tver province. actual state councilor Mark Fedorovich Poltoratsky (April 17, 1729 (according to other sources, 1727) - April 13, 1795). The Church of the Transfiguration was built, repeating the shape of the Chesme Church. His first petition “to build a stone church with his own stone” dates back to 1783. Like the original church in the village. Krasny, it was supposed to be consecrated in the name of the Renewal of the Church of the Resurrection of Christ, while the dilapidated wooden church (built in 1720, and according to other sources - in 1673) was to be moved to the site of the proposed cemetery. After a repeated petition, Bishop Joasaph (Zabolotsky) signed the temple-building charter on July 30, 1785. In 1790, under the care of Mark Fedorovich’s wife Agathoclea Alexandrovna and with the blessing of His Grace Joasaph, the church was completed, but was consecrated only on July 21, 1803 by Archbishop Pavel of Tver. The utensils from the former church were mostly transferred to the chapel in the village of Kushnikovo, and in its place a “chapel pillar” was subsequently erected. The family of the temple builders left a significant mark on the economic and cultural life of the Tver region.
Built by A.A. Polotoratskaya Church in the village. She donated two liturgical sets (1802-1803) and two Gospels - 1800, overlaid with silver, and 1808 (in 1810), as well as two vestments.
In 1824, A.M. Poltoratsky, who inherited the village in 1822. Krasnoye, submitted a petition to Tver Archbishop Jonah for permission to build a fence around the church at his own expense, indicating that the church “is sufficient in splendor and property, among others.”
Since 1826, Alexei Pavlovich (from 1827 - staff captain of the Life Guards of the Pavlovsk Regiment, then chairman of the Tver Treasury Chamber (1839-1863), actual state councilor) owned the Krasnoye estate. At the beginning of November in the village. A.S. Pushkin visited it in Krasnoye and could not help but see the temple, light and graceful in its forms, like the creations of the poet himself. Subsequently, in 1829, A.P. Poltoratsky brought a chasuble as a gift to the church.
The height of the church is a little more than 24 m, the width and length are 20 m. According to the inventory of 1848, compiled under the priest Mikhail Ivanovich Veshnyakov, the church is stone, cross-shaped, round, Gothic in appearance, length and width are 10 fathoms each. The walls, both inside and outside, are plastered and painted, on the outside in smooth places, with yellow paint, and the plinth, wall pilasters, three figured stone cornices, on the church, the dome, towers and pillars are bleached, on the inside the walls are painted in blue in smooth places, and the pilasters of the walls and in places with white paint with stucco work on the arches and dome. The porches on three sides were not covered. The walls of the temple were not painted. The floors were wooden, the wooden floor was separated by a lattice, and the choirs were also surrounded by lattice. In the absence of a separate bell tower, 4 copper bells weighing 812, 267, 20 and 17 kg, cast in Moscow, hung on “two western and northern towers on top of the church.” At the entrance to the church, above two twisted columns, images of Angels were placed - one with a trumpet, an Apocalyptic symbol, and the other with a Cross in his hands, above them were pyramids 120 cm high.
Built “with great taste,” as the author of the turn of the century noted, it had “a very beautiful interior appearance.” On the unclothed oak throne there was a yellow satin antimension, consecrated in 1802 by His Eminence Paul. Clothes for the throne were donated by the former professor of the St. Petersburg Theological Academy Dim. Vershinsky. The carved figured gilded altar cross had, in five gilded hallmarks, enamel images of the Exaltation, the Entry into the Temple, Christ the Savior, St. Sergius with the Mother of God and the Apostles Peter and John and St. Alexy, Metropolitan of Moscow. On the High Place on the wall there was a picturesque image of Christ the Savior on the throne. surrounded by nine angelic faces, the Lord of hosts was depicted above. According to another description, the altarpiece was double-sided and depicted the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God and St. Barbara, in a gilded oval frame with a crown on top. Above the altar there was a picturesque icon depicting the Entombment of Christ the Savior. In the metric of 1887, a two-tier iconostasis is described “with columns, above the columns there is a cornice, above it there are decorations in the form of circles, for the most part the field is smooth and all gilded.” The carved wooden iconostasis with images painted on canvas was arranged by A. A. Poltoratskaya, and gilded by landowner Anna Nikolaevna Ermolaeva. The gilded latticework of the Royal Doors was decorated with traditional images of the Annunciation and the Evangelists, with the Triangle in radiance and the word "GOD" above them. Other icons were more original. For example, the Savior in the local row was depicted blessing with his right hand and holding a globe in his left. The Mother of God with the Eternal Child was surrounded by the faces of Angels. On the southern gate there was an icon of St. Simeon the God-Receiver with the Child of God in his arms, on the northern gate there was an icon of the Holy Prophet Moses with tablets. Above the gates, respectively, were placed the images of the Nativity of Christ and the Introduction. The first tier also contained images of St. Nicholas and St. Demetrius of Rostov. In the upper tier above the Royal Doors there was an image of the Fatherland, surrounded by icons of the 12 Apostles (including Apostle Mark - probably the heavenly patron of the builder) and the Prophet David. On top of the entire iconostasis was placed the Crucifixion with those present. On the south side, at the door of the temple, there was a richly decorated shroud, on the right - an icon of St. John the Baptist in a gilded robe, considered miraculous and revealed in the village of Maslova, Krasnovsky parish. What stood out was a “very valuable chandelier” - crystal with copper chandeliers, two ancient altar crosses and images of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker and St. Tikhon of Zadonsk in the altar11 (the antiquity of the latter, however, is doubtful, given the time of canonization of St. Tikhon - 1861). Other icons include images of the Savior and the Mother of God in Greek letters, the fiery ascension to heaven of the Prophet Elijah, the Great Martyr. George and St. Nicholas, banners with images of 1) Epiphany and St. Nicholas and 2) the Resurrection and the Mother of God. Among the ancient books of the temple were the Apostle of 1699, Menaions of 1754 and 1796, Breviaries of 1698 and 1754, works of St. Fathers.
The church was surrounded by a fence, initially surrounded by a ditch; by 1889 it was made of stone with a wooden lattice. In May 1889 and July 1891, the church clergy petitioned for permission to resume the gilding of the iconostasis and St. icons, for which permission was received from the Spiritual Consistory. By 1915, the estate belonged to Ms. Kostyleva.
To make the base, patterned details of the facade, cornices, frames of the portal and windows, figures of Angels above the pilasters - “obelisks” of the portal, as well as domes and vimpergs with hipped endings, local white (oxbow) stone was used, which makes the building especially exquisite. The altar pillars are beveled (in the Chesme Church they were hewn later to install stoves), and the supporting pillars have a “depression” of the central plane.
After the closure of the temple in the 1930s. its interior decoration was completely lost; it housed a collective farm warehouse.
In 1979 1982 conservation of the building was carried out (architect I. Avdeeva engineer G. Brusok). “The Church... is unlike all others, everything is directed upward,” writes a modern author. - Numerous thin rods on the walls, lancet windows and doors enhance the feeling of height, lightness and grace. Under the shadow of the old park, descending to the winding Kholokholna River, it looks like a rare pearl.” A two-story manor house with a mezzanine and outbuildings have also been preserved. Since 1999, spiritual life has resumed in the temple, and work has been carried out to preserve and restore the temple. Since 1999, priest Dmitry Kasparov has been appointed vicar of the bishop's metochion.
More information about the estate and the temple on the website.

Holy Resurrection of Christ EASTER

Friday of Holy Week

Icon of the Mother of God “Life-Giving Spring”.

Saturday of Bright Week.

Anti-Easter.

2nd Sunday of Easter, Apostle Thomas.

Radonitsa. Remembrance of the dead.

St. Stephen, bishop Velikopermsky (1396).

Commemoration of deceased warriors

App. From the 70 Jason and Sosipater, the virgins of Kerkyra and others who suffered with them (I).

3rd Sunday of Easter, Holy Myrrh-Bearing Women.

3rd Week of Easter. Ap. Jacob Zebedee (44).

Saint Ignatius Brianchininov, bishop. Caucasian (1967).

VMC. Irina (I-II).

4th week of Easter, about the paralytic.

Right Job the Long-Suffering.

Apostle and Evangelist John the Theologian (98-117).

PATRONAL FEAST OF THE TEMPLE

Mid-Pentecost.

Transfer of the relics of Saint and Wonderworker Nicholas from Myra in Lycia to Bar (1087).

Sschmch. Hermogenes, Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia, wonderworker.

5th week of Easter, about the Samaritan.

Mts. Glyceria the maiden and the martyr with her. Laodicea, prison guard (c. 177).

Blgvv.kn.Dimitri Donskoy (1389) and great kn. Evdokia, in the nuns Euphrosyne (1407).

6th week of Easter, about the blind man.

Finding the relics of St. Alexia, Metropolitan Kyiv, Moscow and All Rus', miracle worker (1431).

Giving back to the Easter holiday. Forefeast of the Ascension of the Lord.

Ascension of the Lord

App. From 70 Carp and Alpheus (I).

7th Sunday after Easter, Holy Fathers of the First Ecumenical Council (325).

Date of publication or update 09/01/2017

Temples of the Moscow region

Church of the Holy Apostle and Evangelist John the Theologian

The village of Krasnoye (in ancient times Pakhovo) stands on the river. Suffering flowing into Pakhra. In 1627, it belonged to the cousin and close boyar of Tsar Mikhail Feodorovich, Prince Ivan Borisovich Cherkassy. His signature, at that time a steward, is on the cathedral resolution of 1598 on the election of Boris Godunov to the kingdom. In 1599, during the fall from grace against the Romanovs, Ivan Borisovich was also captured. Grigory Otrepyev (the future False Dmitry) came to the Cherkassky house, who “acquired honor” from Prince Ivan.

In 1601, the boyar verdict determined that the prince received the highest punishment of all the accused - exile to Siberia, and his property was transferred to the sovereign.

In 1602 he was ordered to live in Nizhny Novgorod, and in the same year he was returned to Moscow. Tsar Vasily Shuisky had Cherkassky as a master; in 1610, in a battle with the Poles on the river. Khodynke commanded one of the regiments.

In 1611, he was captured by the people of Vladimir, who supported the candidacy of the Polish prince Vladislav for the Russian throne. The election of Tsar Mikhail Feodorovich Romanov made a sharp turn in the life of Prince Cherkassy. He, among three boyars (with I.F. Sheremetev and I.N. Romanov), entered the permanent council under the sovereign.

In 1613 he became a boyar (formerly the savior of Russia, Prince D.M. Pozharsky). In 1618, Ivan Borisovich was sent to Yaroslavl to gather military men to help Moscow, besieged by the Poles. The prince's army defeated detachments of Poles sent to ravage the northern Russian regions in the Yaroslavl, Ustyug and Belozersky districts. From 1624 to 1639, Ivan Borisovich controlled the Streletsky, Inozemny, Reitarsky, Aptekarsky, State Court and Great Treasury orders. He was constantly with the sovereign and accompanied him on pilgrimages; was present at the receptions of ambassadors, actively participated in the selection of the Tsar’s brides (in 1624 and 1626)

In 1638, in connection with the threat of a Tatar raid, he was sent with troops near Tula. During the tsar’s trip in 1649 on a pilgrimage to Vladimir, Prince Cherkassky “was in charge of Moscow.” He was one of the richest people in the capital. He had no children, and upon his death on April 4, 1642, all the wealth passed to his cousin, a close boyar and governor, Prince Yakov Kudenetovich Cherkassky, who also began to own Krasnoye (until 1648).

In 1641 and 1645 Prince Yakov was sent with troops to Tula to protect the borders from the Tatars.

In 1649-1650 he was in charge of the Streletsky and Foreign orders and the New Chet. One of the most outstanding commanders of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, Cherkassky in 1654, during the war with Poland, was appointed first commander in a large regiment, in which the tsar himself was. Dorogobuzh, Orsha, Shklov surrendered to the prince, he defeated the troops of Hetman Radziwill, and in 1655 Hetman Gonsevsky, and took the capital of Lithuania, Vilna, the cities of Kovno and Grodno, moved to Warsaw, but the Swedes opposed the Russians. The prince turned on them, occupied many cities and besieged Riga. The war with Poland resumed, and in 1663 Prince Yakov again became the head of the army, but during this campaign he acted indecisively and in 1664 he was recalled. He spent his last years away from the worries of military life, away from the royal court.

He died in 1666. Krasnoye was granted to the boyar Ilya Danilovich Miloslavsky in 1648 (d. 1668).

In 1643, with the rank of steward, he was sent to Turkey, in 1647 - to Holland with the news of the accession of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich to the throne and with the task of recruiting foreign specialists into the Russian service.

In 1648, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich married his daughter Maria, and another daughter, Anna, was married to Tsarevich Alexei’s tutor, and from 1645 practically the ruler of the state, boyar Boris Ivanovich Morozov. There was an uprising against his abuses in 1648 in Moscow and other cities, and after Morozov was eliminated, Ilya Danilovich became the head of the government. He owned iron and potash factories and undertook large trading operations. From I.D. Miloslavsky Red passed to his nephew Ivan Mikhailovich Miloslavsky (d. 1685), an ardent opponent of the Naryshkin party and the young Tsar Peter Alekseevich, one of the organizers of the Streltsy uprising of 1682. Ivan Mikhailovich, with the rank of okolnichy, then boyar, headed important orders: Petition (1661-1662 ), Aptekarsky (1668-1670), Vladimir, Galician and Novgorod quarters (1677-1680), Big Parish, Big Treasury, Inozemny and Reitarsky (1677-1682), Pushkarsky (1678-1680,1682), State (1679-1680) ). After the death of the senior members of the family and the accession of Feodor Alekseevich (Miloslavsky on his mother’s side), Ivan Mikhailovich headed the family court party and actually dictated his will to the government.

His lust for power contributed to the fact that the courtiers, who in 1676 did not allow a coup in favor of Peter out of fear of the imperious character of A.S. Matveev, in the early 1680s. organized a conspiracy to eliminate Ivan Mikhailovich. A powerful tool for this was the alliance of the noblemen Yazykovs, Likhachevs and Apraksins close to the royal family, who in 1681 pushed Ivan Mikhailovich away from Tsar Theodore and deprived him not only of power, but also of participation in the life of the court. In the winter of 1682, the Tsar's fatal illness forced him to think about who would be his successor. The majority of the courtiers, not wanting the Miloslavskys to return to power under 16-year-old Ivan, spoke out for Peter (after Naryshkin’s mother). Ivan Mikhailovich was unable to influence events, and the coup was successfully carried out.

In 1682, during the Streltsy uprising, which was accompanied by the murder of A.S. Matveev and many representatives of the Naryshkin family, Ivan Mikhailovich tried to return to power, but the Miloslavsky coalition was led by Princess Sophia, who managed to “calm down” the rebel archers and soldiers. Frightened in childhood by the murders that took place before his eyes, Tsar Pyotr Alekseevich did not forgive his fear to Ivan Mikhailovich, whom the Naryshkins portrayed as a troublemaker of the Streltsy, and, at the opportunity, barbarously violated the remains of the deceased boyar. After the death of I.M. Miloslavsky's patrimony was inherited by the Georgian prince Alexander Archilovich Imeretinsky, married to Fedosya Mikhailovna Miloslavskaya. “This prince, being the same age and confidant from a young age” of Peter I, together with the tsar in 1697, went abroad as part of the Great Embassy, ​​and studied artillery in The Hague. In 1700, he was entrusted with the Pushkar order.

Tsarevich Alexander commanded the artillery in the unsuccessful battle of Narva for the Russians (1700) and died in Swedish captivity. Until 1703, Krasnoe was referred to as a village, that is, a settlement in which there is a landowner’s estate, but no church. Under Tsarevich Imereti, a courtyard of patrimonial estates was built in Krasnoye. The idea of ​​building a temple came to Alexander Archilovich in the late 1690s. Already while he was in captivity, by order of his father, the Imeretian Tsar Archil Vakhtangovich, who at that time lived in Moscow, the Church of the Holy Apostle and Evangelist John the Theologian was erected in 1706 (consecrated in 1710 by Archimandrite Lavrentiy of the Moscow Donskoy Monastery).

The right side chapel was built and consecrated in 1786 by Archimandrite Theophylact of the Savvino-Storozhevsky Monastery in honor of the Supreme Apostles Peter and Paul, the left side, after 1795, in honor of the Venerable Alexander of Svirsky. The chapels were added by Prince Alexander Petrovich Dadian (1753-1816). After the destruction by the French in 1812, the temple was consecrated again, the chapel of St. Alexander of Svirsky was re-consecrated in the name of the Blessed Prince Alexander Nevsky. A vestibule with paired bell towers was added to the church building in the 19th century.

There have long been clergy at the church: priest, sexton and sexton. In 1774, at the request of Prince Dadian, a deacon was added.

In 1850, in the church in the village. The red priest Sergius Stefanovich Gruzinsky served. His wife is Nadezhda Nikolaeva, the granddaughter of priest Nikolai Petrov, who served in the temple under Prince Dadian. The prince gave him land and a house for eternal possession.

After the death of Tsarevich Alexander in 1711, Krasnoye passed to his sister, Princess Daria Archilovna. According to her spiritual will, in 1728 the estate was inherited by her niece, Princess Sofya Alexandrovna Imeretinskaya (1691-1747), who was married to Major General Prince Yegor Leontyevich Dadyan (1683-1765), the son of the ruler of Mingrelia Levan IV, who from 1700 lived in Moscow and acted as a translator during relations between Georgians living in Moscow and the St. Petersburg court; correspondence with Georgia was conducted through him. After him, the village belonged to Prince Pyotr Yegorovich Dadian (1716-1784). Red was owned by the Saltykov family. Under them, in the middle of the 18th century. a manor ensemble was formed. Initially, all of its buildings were created in the Baroque style.

At the same time, a regular park was laid out with five geometrically shaped ponds: round and rectangular, connected by channels. In addition to their decorative value, the ponds served as live fish cages. The manor house with an outbuilding, built in the mid-18th century, was rebuilt a hundred years later. After the death of the owner of the village, Life Guards Cavalry Regiment Captain Gleb Alekseevich Saltykov (d. 1775), Krasnoe was inherited by his widow Daria Nikolaevna (1730-1801), née Ivanova, she went down in history under the name Saltychikha and the “cannibal”. Having left her husband as the full owner of 600 peasants, over the course of 7 years she tortured to death 139 people, mostly women, including several girls aged 11-12. Saltychikha would put herself in a hysterical state, picking on the unfortunate victims for supposedly poorly washed floors or laundered laundry, and began beating her with a rolling pin, roller, stick and logs.

Then, on her orders, the grooms and haiduks beat the “offender” with rods, batogs, whips and whips. To the shouts of the lady: “Beat me to death!” - the latter often carried out exactly her orders. In cases of special frenzy, she singed the hair of her victim, hit her head against the wall, poured boiling water on her, took her by the ears with hot tongs, threw girls from a high porch, starved her, etc. Tyutcheva tried to kill the nobleman, because of the love he rejected, along with his wife . Rumors spread throughout Moscow about her atrocities, as her serfs filed complaints, but thanks to influential relationships and gifts, everything ended in the punishment and exile of the complainants. Finally, two serfs whose wives she killed managed to submit a request to Catherine II in the summer of 1762. The College of Justice conducted an investigation that lasted 6 years, during which the accused did not admit to anything. In 1768, the board, having established that Saltychikha “killed a considerable number of her people, male and female, inhumanely and painfully to death,” sentenced her to death, but the execution was commuted. Deprived of her nobility and surname, “Daria Nikolaeva’s daughter” was elevated to a scaffold in Moscow, chained to a pole (a sheet with the inscription “Tormentor and murderer” was hung around her neck) and after standing for an hour, she was imprisoned in an underground prison in the Moscow Ivanovo nunnery, where she sat until 1779 under the arches of the church, and then until his death in a dungeon attached to the wall of the temple.

In the case of Daria Saltykova, an imperial decree of December 10, 1768 was promulgated, which declared: Daria Saltykova “should be chained, standing on the scaffold, to a pillar, attached to it a sheet with the inscription “torturer and murderer”... then imprisoned in the glands, take her from there to one of the women's monasteries located in the White or Zemlyanoy city, and there put her in a specially made underground prison, in which, after death, she is kept in such a way that she will not have light from anywhere in it. I serve her ordinary old man's food there with a candle, which she puts out again as soon as she has eaten enough. And from that conclusion, take her out during every church service to a place where she could hear it without entering the church... which happened to her, Daria, and it was done...” Saltykova never showed repentance. She had a child from a relationship with a guard soldier. Saltychikha's accomplices - serfs, courtyard people and the priest who performed the funeral service and buried those tortured as having died of natural causes - by the verdict of the College of Justice were punished with a whip with cutting out nostrils and exiled to Nerchinsk for eternal hard labor

Saltychikha had two sons. Nicholas (d. 1775) was married to Countess Anastasia Fedorovna Golovina (1753-1818), they had a son Fedor (d. 1795) and a daughter Elizaveta (d. 1852), who married Count Gabriel Karlovich de Reymond (d. 1833). Nikolai Saltychikha once tried to kill him by rushing at him with a dagger.

Second son - Fedor (1750-1801). After the death of the latter and Saltychikha herself, Krasnoe, as an escheated estate, passed to her husband’s nephew Nikolai Ivanovich Saltykov (1736-1816). He, the son of Chief General Ivan Alekseevich Saltykov from his marriage to Countess Anastasia Petrovna Tolstaya, began serving as a private in the Life Guards Semenovsky Regiment. During the Seven Years' War he took part in many battles with the Prussians and after the Battle of Kunnersdorf he was promoted to colonel. In 1765, already with the rank of major general, he commanded Russian troops in Poland, and at the beginning of the 1st Russian-Turkish War he took part in military operations during the siege of Khotyn, for which he received the rank of lieutenant general and the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky. Immediately after this, Saltykov went abroad for treatment, where he spent three years. Upon his return to Russia in 1775, he was showered with favors: Empress Catherine appointed him vice-president of the Military Collegium, promoted him to chief general and appointed him chamberlain at the court of the heir to the throne, Grand Duke Pavel Petrovich, thereby expressing special confidence in him.

At this point, Saltykov showed deep tact and the ability to adapt to circumstances: he equally enjoyed the favor of both the empress and her heir, and maintained good relations between them. Saltykov traveled to Berlin in 1776 for the betrothal of the Grand Duke to the Princess of Württemberg, later Grand Duchess Maria Feodorovna, and in 1781 and 1782. accompanied the grand ducal couple on a trip abroad. Then Empress Catherine entrusted Saltykov with a new greatest duty - to be the chief educator of the Grand Dukes Alexander and Konstantin Pavlovich. Saltykov, who had excellently studied court science, was mainly concerned with teaching his students to maneuver between the conflicting demands of their parents, on the one hand, and the royal grandmother, on the other; in other respects, Saltykov, according to contemporaries, was the most incapable teacher and educator.

At the end of her reign, Catherine II granted Nikolai Ivanovich the dignity of count and up to 5,000 peasant souls and entrusted him with the management of the Military Collegium. Under Emperor Pavel, Saltykov was promoted to field marshal general, but was of no importance. During the Patriotic War, Alexander I appointed him chairman of the State Council and the Committee of Ministers, during his absence (the campaign of 1813 and 1814) he was appointed regent of the state and on August 5, 1814 he was elevated to princely dignity with the title of lordship. Evasiveness, cunning, the ability to live and get along with people were the predominant qualities in the character and mind of Nikolai Ivanovich. An egoist and flexible courtier, Saltykov, according to Prince I.M. Dolgoruky, who knew him closely, “internally loved only himself and was unable to do good when this required some elasticity in character, perseverance in actions and firmness in rules.” In household affairs, Saltykov submitted entirely to the influence of his wife, Natalia Vladimirovna, née Princess Dolgorukova (1737-1812). They became spouses in 1762, in 1793 the Countess was made a full lady of state, and in 1797 she received the Catherine Ribbon.

Buried in the village. Cherkutino (Vladimir region). Natalia Vladimirovna Saltykova, who was distinguished by her beauty in her youth, but was weak and sickly, according to a contemporary, “was smart, cunning and stingy” and showed little appearance in society. Having learned from her mother all sorts of old Russian signs, she adhered to them to the point of superstition and used them as best she could to get rid of boring social duties. Catherine II did not love her and did not pay any attention to her. Grand Duke Pavel Petrovich, under whom her husband had been since 1773, was also not disposed towards Saltykova; They didn’t like her at the court of Grand Duke Alexander Pavlovich either. Carefully avoiding court meetings, she rarely left the rooms that her husband occupied in the palace, and assured everyone that she never knew anything about what was going on. This did not stop her, however, from pushing her husband in every possible way and intriguing against others.

During the Patriotic War of 1812, Krasnoye found itself at the center of events for a short time. From Podolsk, through the village onto the Kaluga road, Kutuzov’s army came out, accompanied at night by the glow of burning Moscow. The Russian vanguard units arrived in the evening of September 6 (18). The next day the main forces arrived, the remaining troops and convoys advanced towards the Kaluga road for another two days. From the side of Moscow, on the Desna, the army was covered by the 8th Corps of General Miloradovich, and from the side of Podolsk - by the 6th Corps of Raevsky and the cavalry of Prince Vasilchikov, located in the village of Lukovnya. The line of Russian outposts stretched along the entire left bank of the Pakhra from Polivanov to the confluence of the Pakhra with the Desna and along the right bank of the Desna.

For the first three days, the army rested “in complete carelessness” while setting up the camp. In Krasnoye, Kutuzov issued the first orders after the Battle of Borodino “to form a correct administration for the movement of the army,” the quartermaster service was reorganized, and M.F. was appointed quartermaster general. Tol. From Krasnoye to the Smolensk road, to operate on French communications, a detachment of Major General I.S. was sent to the Perkhushkov area. Dorokhova. The movement of the French from Podolsk to Voronovo forced the Russian army to retreat to positions near the village. Tarutino. Napoleon was in Krasnaya Pakhra. From here he turned the French army and led it along country roads to the Borovskaya road to the village. Fominsky.

After the death of Nikolai Ivanovich Saltykov, the village was owned by his son, His Serene Highness Prince Alexander Nikolaevich Saltykov (1775-1837), corporal in 1775, in 1787 he was already a second lieutenant of the Semyonovsky regiment, and on March 25, 1790 he was promoted to chamber cadet. During the reign of Paul I, in 1796, he was promoted to chamberlain, in 1798 to privy councilor and commander of the Order of Malta, and the following year, on March 16, to chamberlain at the court of Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna. With the accession to the throne of Alexander I, with whom he grew up together, but who did not favor him because of “some childhood quarrels,” Saltykov was transferred in 1801 as a member of the College of Foreign Affairs. In 1805, on the occasion of a two-year vacation abroad, Count Yu.A. Golovkin, whose daughter Natalya he had been married to since April 1801, filled the post of chief master of ceremonies of the highest court. The following year he was appointed senator, and in 1806 he was a comrade (deputy) minister of foreign affairs and from March 16, 1807 he managed the ministry until the return of the minister Baron Budberg, who traveled abroad with the sovereign. On February 4, 1810 he was appointed a member of the State Council and on July 12 - director of the Debt Repayment Commission. On April 9, 1813, Saltykov was again entrusted with managing the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, in the absence of the Chancellor, Count Rumyantsev, and being present on the Committee of Ministers. On December 12 of the same year he was dismissed from the management of the ministry, and on March 5, 1817 - “from all affairs due to poor health.”

Since 1814, he became His Serene Highness Prince on the occasion of the granting of this title to his father. Contemporaries spoke very flatteringly about Prince Saltykov: some called him a sweet man, others praised his love for justice and righteous demands. Karamzin considered him an intelligent and pleasant person and wrote to Dmitriev that “there are few such people in St. Petersburg.” In general, by his intelligence, nobility of character, and education, he was recognized as an outstanding man of his time. A contemporary depicted Prince A.N. Saltykova: “He was pale, dry and seemed older than his years. Having grown up with Emperor Alexander, he had something similar to him in his manners: importance without arrogance and courtesy, keeping all shortness at bay. In his mental education he differed little from other noble children of that time: imbued with French literature, imbued with the spirit of the French aristocracy and filled with knowledge of French history. He spoke better in French than in his natural language; on it, however, he did not miss the opportunity to sincerely praise his fatherland. The general opinion strongly supported him: the knowledge expected in him, the appearance of calm, steadfastness, love for the fatherland made him see a truly great statesman.” Prince A.N. Saltykov died in Moscow on January 27, 1857 and was buried in the Donskoy Monastery.

In 1801, the daughter of Chief Chamberlain Yuri Alexandrovich Golovkin (1762-1846), Natalya, married Count (since 1814, His Serene Highness Prince) Alexander Nikolaevich Saltykov. After the death of her father, being the last of her kind, she received permission to be named with the offspring of Saltykova-Golovkina. A contemporary wrote about her: “If Natalya Yuryevna had not had too large features, she could have been considered an absolute beauty. Youth, freshness, and coquetry drove many people crazy. Without much intelligence, she was charming to the point of impossibility.” It’s sad to think that she, like her mother Ekaterina Lvovna, née Naryshkina (1762-1820), ended her career so sadly: and at 45 years old, Katerina Lvovna was the same as at 16: ugly and not old... she she was slender, like a 20-year-old maiden... her outfit matched her figure, add to that dexterity, intelligence, extraordinary courtesy, a strong desire to please... and you can easily believe that there were people who agreed to love her... The Countess Golovkina had long been his wife in name only...” Having met Natalya Yuryevna later, a contemporary found her “as kind, as sweet as before, even not much older, and he mentally regretted her, seeing to what extent she had become she is insensitive to general disrespect. Woe to those who, breaking ties with the light, move away from its silent sentences in order to indulge in the pleasures it condemns!” In 1852 p. Krasnoye was owned by Natalya Yuryevna and her son Alexey Alexandrovich (1826-?). The opinion of the State Council, approved on December 10, 1862, allowed the collegiate assessor, Prince Alexei Alexandrovich Saltykov, to take his mother’s family name and be called Prince Saltykov-Golovkin. The last owner of the estate was His Serene Highness Princess Ekaterina Alekseevna Saltykova-Golovkina.

In 1897, in the family of the psalm-reader of the village church. Red Arsenty Troitsky had a son, Ivan, he had a primary education, but during the years of persecution of the Church he was ordained a priest to the Church of the Archangel Michael. Podzhigorodovo (in the Klin district of the Moscow region). On January 27, 1938, he was arrested on false charges of counter-revolutionary agitation and executed on February 11 of the same year.

During Soviet times, the temple was closed, the dome and bell towers were destroyed, and the rector of the temple was repressed.

In 1991, the temple was returned to believers and is being restored.

Church of St. John the Evangelist

in the village of Krasnoye, Moscow.

The church in the name of the holy apostle and evangelist John the Theologian with the chapels of the holy chief apostles Peter and Paul (right chapel) and the holy noble prince Alexander Nevsky (left chapel) is located in Krasnoye Selo on the high bank of the Stradanka River near its confluence with Pakhra, about five kilometers away from the city of Troitsk. The church was built in 1703 by the Imeretian Tsar Archil Vakhtangovich Bagrationi on the promise of his son Tsarevich Alexander and consecrated in 1710. The right aisle was built and consecrated in 1786, and the left one was built in 1795; both of these chapels were built by Prince Alexander Petrovich Dadiani.

The first mention of the Church of St. John the Evangelist in the village of Krasnoe dates back to January 1702, when “the armory goldsmiths Isai Vasiliev and Ivan Mikhailov contracted at the armory of the icon painter Kuzma Grigoriev and Miritinsky Tsarevich Alexander Archilovich, from his icon painter Nefed Gavrilov to gild 4 apostolic belts, prophetic and the mark of crucifixion.” The main construction, apparently, was completed in 1703, but then for several more years the deficiencies were eliminated. In 1706, King Archil writes:

Most powerful Tsar, Most Gracious Sovereign.

In the past Sovereign, in 1703, on the promise of his son Tsarevich Alexander in the Moscow district, in my estate near Moscow in the village of Krasnoe Pakhovo, I also built a stone church in the name of the holy Apostle and Evangelist John the Theologian, but that church has not yet been consecrated.

Most Gracious Sovereign, I ask Your Majesty to give a consecrated charter about that newly built church from the Patriarchal Treasury order.

Your Majesty's subject, Tsar Archil of Imereti. » « December 1706.

But “that year that church was not illuminated because it was not fully decorated due to peasant poverty,” but it was consecrated only in 1710 on September 25 by Archimandrite of the Donskoy Monastery Lavrenty.

In 1706, Daria Archilovna refused the village to Sofya Alexandrovna, who was married to Prince Yegor Leontyevich Dadiani, so the estate came into the possession of the Dadiani family. At the end of the 18th - beginning of the 19th century, the estate was owned by Alexander Petrovich Dadiani; apparently distinguished by his love for the church, he started a major reconstruction of the temple. He got the temple in the usual form for that time: the church itself was an octagon on a quadrangle, an altar apse was adjacent to it from the east, a refectory from the west, a bell tower was attached to the western side of the refectory, and a small extension to the north of the bell tower. The temple had platbands on the windows and octagonal flaps made of hewn brick; the brick walls were plastered with mortar and whitewashed, as can be seen from the surviving fragments.

The parish of the church was apparently large, since in 1774 a deacon was added to the clergy of the church, which was rare for the surrounding churches, and Prince Alexander decided to expand the church. In June 1784, he submitted a petition in which he wrote: “... in my patrimony... there is a church... of a stone building in all prosperity, although to correct the service in the winter there is not a single chapel, for which purpose I wish to build a chapel in the refectory of this theological church in the name of the holy supreme apostles Peter and Paul again, and Moreover, on the real church, the octagon will be blocked again.”

This was followed by a resolution: “ block it off, and present a plan for the chapel to the whole church, with the meaning of where the chapel should be.” This is how the plan of the church of 1784 came to us with the proposed extensions: on the right is a chapel, and on the left “a meal that will again be served by the building in the chapel of the chapel.”

But during construction there were large deviations from the planned plan: an altar apse was added to the aisle, the aisle and the extension to the refectory were extended to the west (this can be seen from the western windows of the right aisle that were changed or newly made during the construction of the bell tower and from the blocked window near the south-eastern pillar the same bell tower), the location of the windows was changed and the pillar between the windows of the refectory was not removed to widen the passage to the annex. Two years later, in August 1786, the work was completed and Prince Alexander submitted a “most humble request” to bless and consecrate the chapel. The dean of the village of Varvarin, priest Peter Ilyin, submitted a “most humble report” that the chapel was “built and in good order with all church splendor” and attached an inventory of the property of the chapel. It says that in the silver-plated and “in decent places” gilded iconostasis in three tiers there were “images of picturesque and skillful art”, above the royal doors “a circle was made in which the radiance was established.” The church was “from the inside podshchekoturin” (i.e. plastered) and “painted both the vault and the walls in the altar and in the church with paintings.” As usual, the “decree of Her Imperial Majesty the Autocrats of All Russia” followed - to consecrate the chapel, which was carried out on September 19, 1786 by Archimandrite Theophylact of the Savvino-Storozhevsky Monastery.

Seven years passed, and Prince Alexander submitted a new petition - to allow a chapel to be built in the northern refectory in the name of the Monk Alexander Svirsky (probably his saint; the five-altar church with the chapel of Alexander Svirsky in the village of Bogorodskoye, Vatutinki, was also already dismantled by that time), except of this, above the chapels, “over one chapel, build a bell tower, and above the other chapel, a tower similar to that bell tower, on which a clock will be placed; and between them, to decorate the temple, a porch with columns and a pediment, and all of it, as well as the old table, should be covered with iron.” Two years later, in August 1795, everything was already built and the chapel was ready for consecration, which was the report of the dean of the village of Voronov, priest Alexei Vasiliev. On August 9, the Moscow Ecclesiastical Consistory decided to send a decree to illuminate the chapel of Sretensky Archpriest John and to issue the Antimins to the Chudov sacristan, which was carried out (the antimins were issued from the Chudov Monastery).

Five years later, like no one else after Tsar Archil, Prince Alexander, who was jealous of the decoration of the temple, submitted a new petition:

of the Most Holy Governing Synod of the office to the member of the Most Reverend Seraphim, Bishop of Dmitrov, Vicar of Moscow Maya 22 days 1800. From the artillery, retired captain of the rank of major, Prince Alexander Petrov, son of Dadian

Most humble request!

In the patrimonyIn the Zvenigorod district, Khatunsky Tithe, in the village of Krasnoe Pakhovo, there is also a stone church in the name of the Holy Apostle and Evangelist John the Theologian with two chapels of the supreme apostles Peter and Paul; and Reverend Alexander Svirsky. In which the real church was plucked and the walls were painted; Some of the tweezers and paintings were damaged in some places at the bottom of the floor. That’s why I have a desire to correct all the damage; and pluck everything from the outside.

For this reason: Your Eminence, I most humbly ask for this my request to make your archpastoral resolution, and deign to correct the above-mentioned damage, and the plucking.

May ““ day, 1800 - Captain of the Major rank, Prince Alexander, Prince Petrov, son Dadian, put his hand to the request of the Artilerin.

When plastering the outside of the temple, old wall decorations and window frames were knocked off. From the point of view of a modern person, the temple has lost a very beautiful detail of decoration, but at that time the now boring plaster may not have seemed as ordinary as it does now.

Prince Alexander Petrovich Dadiani died on January 26, 1811 at the age of 58. His body rests in the Donskoy Monastery near the southeastern corner of the large cathedral.

Soon Russia was attacked by the French. Moving along the Great Kaluga Road, they destroyed many churches, including the church in Krasnoe Selo. The French were mainly interested in gold and silver - they tore the vestments from the icons, plundered all the church utensils, except for the preserved ones, the church lost the antimensions in the chapels, clothes from the thrones and altars, banners and several icons. Fortunately, the church was not set on fire.

Between 1813 and 1831, the chapel of Alexander Svirsky was re-consecrated in the name of the blessed Prince Alexander Nevsky. Perhaps it was consecrated this way after the French due to rising patriotic sentiments. After 1831, this chapel is already referred to everywhere as the chapel of Alexander Nevsky.

In 1829, there may have been a major renovation in the church, since on May 30 of this year a new antimension was issued to the church by priest Sergei Gruzinsky. Perhaps the iconostasis was made anew, since the metric for 1887 mentions the iconostasis “new, wooden, with gilded carvings, the carvings depict a vineyard,” the iconostasis was 4-tiered, the top of the royal doors was “semicircular with a bowl.”

In the same metric, priest Nikolai Pavlov Gromov describes other now lost details of the temple: the crosses on the church and side chapels were 8-pointed iron, with chains going down to the heads, there were crowns at the top of the crosses, a crescent at the foot, crosses on both bell towers there were iron 4-pointed ones. The domes and roof were covered with iron and painted green.

There were six bells:

in the first weight 103 pounds 29 pounds - 1661 kg,

in the second - 29 pounds 37 pounds - 481 kg,

in the third - 7 pounds 14 pounds - 118 kg,

on the rest the weight was not indicated.

The floor in the central aisle and the refectory was iron, and in the side aisles and the central altar it was stone. Among the ancient icons in the temple was the image of the apostle and evangelist John the Theologian, according to legend, brought from Greece by the temple builder, King Archil.

In 1908, several more alterations were made to the temple: a new entrance door was made, new window frames and “spirit heating” was installed - a basement was dug under the temple, a stove was installed there and heater ducts were laid under the floor. Drawings of the temple from the time when “spirit heating” was installed have also been preserved.

The stormy spirit of change of all the established good things brought into Russia through the “window cut into Western Europe” the seeds of the weed of paganism, which sprouted there during the era of the revival of ancient Greek values ​​to replace Christian ones. These seeds sprouted, blossomed in the last century, and our people blossomed with them, and in this century we are reaping the fruits. The destruction of internal piety led to the death of external deanery, and the appearance of the temple after its closure at the end of the twenties began to reflect the state of people’s souls: the crosses were toppled, the bell towers, whose ringing excited them to church services and every good deed, were destroyed. Inside, the temple, like the soul, was filled with all sorts of vanity, so that prayer completely ceased to be offered in it: there was a club, a printing house, a weightlifting hall; The octagon, according to legend, was also used as a residential building. Finally, the temple began to be empty; treasure hunters occasionally wandered in there. And.

In the fall of 1990, bright days came again in the history of the temple: through the efforts of future parishioners, the temple began to be cleared of debris, Abbot Theodore (Volchkov), rector of the neighboring Bylovskaya Church in the name of the miracle of the Archangel Michael, held the first prayer services in the best preserved Peter and Paul chapel. The building was handed over to the parish community. On New Year's Eve 1991, the windows in the aisle were glazed, and soon heating appeared there - a potbelly stove. Prayer services became regular, and in the spring a temporary iconostasis was made.

Western façade. November 1998

In the summer of 1997, parishioners of the temple cleared The Holy Mother of God Spring, located nearby near Stradan, according to legend, bears the name “Thunder”. This source is supposedly more than 250 years old, as evidenced by a 1748 coin minted by Empress Elizabeth found in it during clearing. In the deposited layers in the source, shards of ancient dishes and Dutch faience were also discovered, which obviously could not have gotten there during the years of Soviet power. The source owes its appearance to a thunderstorm, after which, under a tree on the bank of the river. Stradan, which flows into the river. Pakhru, a spring began to flow, and on the tree was an icon of the Mother of God. When cleaning the source, it was discovered that its walls were lined with white stone, which was used to decorate the church, and the depth was more than 2 meters. At the celebration of the Dormition of the Virgin Mary in 1997, the parishioners of the church, led by Fr. Michael, in a procession of the cross, went to the source, where its consecration took place.

Since then, processions of parishioners to the spring to pour holy water or bathe in it have become regular. Since 1998, parishioners have performed Epiphany bathing and dousing, led by a priest, in the Holy Mother of God spring on the river. Suffering, whose name is consonant with the Jordan and the suffering of Christ, who with his death atoned for our sins, from which we are annually cleansed in our “little Jordan”.

In the winter of 1997-1998, work continued on restoration andair heating device from an autonomous coal-fired boiler house. Central water heating was removed because it had become prohibitively expensive. The floors in the church were opened and new air ducts were laid or old ones leading to the chapel were repaired. Peter and Paul. At the same time, preparatory work began in the chapel to install the baptismalplease. The old floor covering was removed and consisted of three layers from different periods. The upper ceramic floor, laid in the 20th century, contained in the cracks the remains of melted lead, which got there during a fire in the printing house built in the chapel during the Soviet period. The two lower coverings were made of white limestone slabs - a characteristic material for the decoration of many churches near Moscow and Moscow.

Eastern facade of the temple. 2000

In the center of the chapel, a foundation was erected for the planned baptismal font. A closed drain was built from the base of the font toI am the “holy water” leading outside the temple into the “Holy Well”, which was dug in the summer of 1998. The depth of the well is more than 5 meters, the inside is lined with red brick. The above-ground building of the “Holy Well” is also built of red brick and is more than 5 meters high. Crowns him o brass dome with a cross. The project for the construction and decoration of the “Holy Well” was carried out by artist Anna Yaguzhinskaya.

In the summer of 1998, work began on reconstructing the roof over the refectory and the aisle of the ap. Peter and Paul and the construction of a new roof over the chapel of St. Blessed Prince Alexander Nevsky. Simultaneously with the opening of the roof, work also began on the construction of the second southern bell tower above the aisle of the ap. Peter and Paul, the height of the walls of which now reaches more than 3 meters. The height of the walls of the aisle ap. Peter and Paul was raised to a height of about 1.5 meters to the level of the walls of the refectory and the chapel of St. book Alexander Nevsky while maintaining the style of the temple. Along the perimeter of the entire temple, in addition to the portico, a white stone cornice was restored from self-made blocks, which saved significant money. They began to surround the temple with a new brick wall, built along the contour of the remaining foundation of the old wall. That same summer, with funds raised by parishioners and sponsors, a plot of land (~20 acres) was purchased next to the church along with a house - a former prosphora. Unfortunately, due to its disrepair, the house had to be dismantled, since it could no longer be repaired. With the onset of cold weather in 1998, restoration work continued inside the temple. During this period, a dry basement was built under the floor of the refectory for household needs. Following this, a single concrete floor was laid in the main aisle of the building. John the Theologian and the refectory, then in the chapel of St. Peter and Paul. The solea was also expanded and work began on finishing the walls with lime plaster in the chancel. Preparatory work has also begun to clear the premises of the chapel of St. book Alexander Nevsky for summer work.

With the onset of summer in 1999, the dilapidated iron roof over the refectory and the chapel of St. book Alexander Nevsky. The ceiling above the chapel, which had completely fallen into disrepair, collapsed. The walls of the chapel have been strengthened. Rails and channels are laid above the aisle for the construction of the roof and ceiling. All the old beams that held up the old roof were replaced with new ones. During the summer and autumn, a roof was built over both chapels, the refectory and the porch and covered with red-brown metal tiles. The constant leaks in the temple have stopped. In the summer, the foundation stone for a monument to Russian soldiers who died in wars was installed on the territory of the temple. In the autumn-winter period, finishing work was continued in the altar of the main chapel in the name of St. John the Theologian.

In the fall, eleven bells were brought to the church for the belfry, made with donations from sponsors at a military enterprise in the city of Sarov, the place of glorification of St. Seraphim of Sarov. The weights of the main bells are 1700 kg, 850 kg, 425 kg, 225 kg and 93 kg. Now there are only 15 bells in the temple. At the end of November, with the blessing of Metropolitan Juvenaly of Krutitsy and Kolomna, in the chapel of St. Peter and Paul, a stainless steel font was installed in the form of a cross with rounded ends measuring 2.5 x 2.5 m along the main axis of the cross and a depth of 1.5 m. The finishing work of the font is currently underway, but the first baptism has already taken place in it . Currently, an improved project for the reconstruction and restoration of the temple is being developed, taking into account the work done. The church community celebrated the 2000th anniversary of the Nativity of Christ with prayers of thanks for the restoration and strengthening of the church.

Throughout this time, the parishioners carried out restoration and repair work on the church community’s house, the condition of which at the time of the transfer was emergency and uninhabitable. The foundation and wooden walls were strengthened, which were later lined with clapboards on the outside and inside, two new stoves and a fireplace were laid out, a common refectory and kitchen were equipped, accommodation for workers and watchmen, water supply was installed, and an icon-painting and carpentry workshop was organized and equipped. There is a small garden and vegetable garden near the house. The church and community house has been transformed. Currently, it hosts Sunday parochial school classes and classes for teachers in a special program with seriously ill children with autistic syndrome, paid for by the community and sponsors. For children of parishioners at Christmas and Easter, children's parties and performances with prizes and treats are organized, in which the children themselves and their parents participate.

2001 Archival materials on the church were kindly provided by Vyacheslav Tyutin.

Last years

At the end of January 2000, Fr. Mikhail was relieved of his duties as rector of the temple at his own request due to his state of health. On January 18, 2000, with the blessing of Metropolitan Juvenaly, Fr. Igor (Igor Anatolyevich Nikandrov). Then the priest Fr. began to serve with him in the church. Sergiy (Sergey Vasilievich Denisov)

During their ministry, a lot of work was done to improve and beautify the temple. A marble floor was laid in the temple building, running water was installed and central heating was connected, and a beautiful large chandelier was hung under the dome. The inside of the temple was plastered and whitewashed; The area around the church was put in order: a permanent fence was built, paths were paved, along which flower beds were laid out. All this was done with the active participation of parishioners and their efforts.

A temporary bell tower is built in the open air under a canopy; the ringing of its five bells can be heard far in the area.

Special mention should be made of the iconostasis. It was erected through the efforts of the entire parish over several years. Now he appears in all his splendor. The carved wooden decor was made by a team of carvers under the guidance of the talented master Yu.V. Cousin. The icons were painted by hereditary icon painters from the city of Mstera, Vladimir region, under the leadership of V.A. Lebedeva. They are made in the tradition characteristic of Mstera, the highest flowering of which occurred at the beginning of the 20th century.

All work was carried out with donations from parishioners, ranging from the “widow’s mite” to large contributions. The iconostasis in the chapel of St. apostles Peter and Paul. However, there is still a lot of work to be done: it is necessary to make an iconostasis in the chapel of St. Prince Alexander Nevsky, to paint the internal walls and vaults of the temple. It takes a lot of effort to maintain the temple and grounds in decent condition.

We hope that God’s help will not stop the godly work
restoration of this and other churches for the salvation of human souls and in it a prayer will be offered “for the beautifiers, beautifiers, and sacrificers of this holy temple,” until God is pleased to put an end to this world in order to come in His glory and reward every person according to his affairs.The Krasnoye estate complex, which in addition to the temple includes the Saltykovs' estate house, an outbuilding and a park, is included in the state register as an architectural monument - an object of cultural heritage, its status is protected by the state.

Application .

HISTORICAL REFERENCE

CHURCH OF JOHN THE BOGOSLOV IN THE MANOR RED

(Pakhovo, Krasnaya Pakhra)

While the residential and economic estate complex in Krasnoye had a complex, multi-stage history of its development (details about it, as well as about all the famous owners of the village, which changed its name more than once over the centuries, are described in another special reference written by us ), the construction history of the local temple is much shorter and much simpler.

Apparently, the now existing stone Church of St. John the Evangelist was the very first church building in this populated area. This conclusion inevitably follows from the documentary evidence that we have. Until 1703, Krasnoe and Pakhovo were also referred to as a village, that is, they appeared as a settlement without a church. Pakhovo appears as such according to documents under all its owners throughout the 17th century: under the princes of Cherkasy (1627 - 1648) and Miloslavsky (1648 - 1699).

A similar situation (that is, the absence of a church) is established according to the acts of the 16th century, when the owners of the village were first small patrimonial landowners Pakhovs, who gave it a new name instead of the previous one - Zubtsovo (Zubtsovskaya), and then (from the late 1560s) - Moscow Simonov monastery. At the same time, the mentioned acts (1535 - 1536, 1553 - 1554 and 1568 - 1569) speak of Pakhov or Zubtsov as a village.

The idea of ​​​​building a temple in his estate near Moscow - Krasnoye, Pakhovo, or Pakhovo - came to the Imeretian prince Aleksaidr Archilovich somewhere in the late 1690s. Having received the village into full ownership in 1699 after the death of his wife Fedosya Ivanovna (nee Miloslavskaya, whose dowry included this hereditary patrimony), Tsarevich Alexander did not have time to bring his plan to fruition, as he soon went to the theater of military operations - to command the Russian artillery in the campaign against the Swedes. Having participated in the unsuccessful siege of Narva for the Russians, on November 20, 1700, he was captured by the enemy, from which he was never able to return and died there at the beginning of 1711.

During the absence of the captive prince, his father, the former Imeretian and Kakheti king Archil Vakhtangovich, who finally settled in Russia in 1699, took care of his property and all economic affairs. It was he who submitted a petition on May 6, 1703 for permission to carry out “ the promise of my son Alexander to build in the Moscow district, in his estate near Moscow, in the village of Krasnoye, Pakhovo, also, a stone church in the name of John the Theologian...” On December 24 of that year, permission followed from the Patriarchal Treasury Order to approve the land allocated to it by the patrimonial owner for the future church. In December 1706, Tsar Archil submitted a new petition to the same Order, where he already reported: “I built a stone church in the name of the Apostle Evangelist John the Theologian, but that church has not yet been consecrated.” The “consecrated letter” requested for this occasion was issued, but the consecration of the temple was somewhat delayed. It is known that at least until 1709 it had not yet taken place (data from the census book). But in 1712 the church was undoubtedly already active, for then “church tribute” was paid. At the time of the opening of the Church of St. John the Theologian, it included a “court of priests,” “a court of sextons,” “a court of sextons,” and a “court of mallow farmers,” and its parish consisted of a “court of patrimonial estates” and 100 courtyards of “medium peasants.”

The stone temple, built through the efforts of Tsar Archil according to the vow of his son Tsarevich Alexander in the Krasnoe estate, is a typical example of Moscow Baroque architecture at the turn of the 17th - 18th centuries. The building was built of brick and its original decorative decoration featured numerous white stone details (basement, window casings, etc.). The architectural composition was built by an architect unknown to us, focusing on the then popular type of temples - “octagonal on quadrangular”. The church itself, which was a two-height cubic volume with paired window openings, was adjoined by a semicircular apse to the east and a small refectory to the west. There was a chapel attached to the refectory on each side.

All these elements were included as components in the planning structure of the current building of the Church of St. John the Evangelist, which was formed after its reconstruction and expansion somewhere in the middle of the 19th century, when the entire Krasnoe estate, including the main house, underwent reconstruction. Then a second aisle (almost symmetrical to the south) was added to the church on the north side. On the western (end) facades of both aisles, paired bell towers were erected, and between them there was a main entrance to the temple with a white stone staircase that leads to a four-column portico crowned with a powerful triangular pediment. At the same time, the original decor of the building was hidden under a layer of plaster. All facades received a new, uniform Empire design and a characteristic two-color (yellow-white) painting. Here and there (on the eastern edge of the octagon, in niches-cases on the northern aisle) picturesque “inserts” - images - appeared. The reconstructed temple took on the appearance of a completely ordinary, but quite good example of Russian architecture of late classicism in its provincial estate version.

Subsequently, the monument underwent some changes in its appearance. But they are already associated with the loss of its original function in the twentieth century and all the negative consequences ensuing from this.

The post-revolutionary closure of the church and the use of its building for economic and other inappropriate purposes led to the loss of individual elements or their distortion. Thus, after the collapse of the octagonal drum and dome that crowned the octagon in the 1960s, part of the temple’s completion, which played the most important role in the construction of the architectural composition, was lost. Around the same time or somewhat earlier, wooden extensions (now missing) were added to the northern façade. A plank extension with a staircase leading upstairs was placed on the northern edge of the quadrangle, and therefore the western window of the second light was turned into a door, cutting out the opening. After the aforementioned wooden vestibule and staircase were removed, traces of alterations to the window openings associated with their construction remained visible on the newly opened facades. The southern wing of the building (southern aisle) also underwent alterations (window openings were partially blocked, etc.). All of the listed changes are easy to read on the facades and the preparation of a restoration project for the monument for the mid-19th century. should not encounter much difficulty.