The largest island off the coast of Tanzania. Map of tanzania in Russian. Customs restrictions in Tanzania

Based April 26 (unification of Tanganyika and Zanzibar and Pemba) Official language Swahili, English Capital Dodoma (legislative capital), Dar es Salaam (administrative center) The largest city Dar es Salaam Form of government presidential republic The president John Magufuli Vice President Mizengo Pinda Prime Minister Kassim Majaliva Territory Total945,203 km² (31st in the world) % water surface 6,2 Population Score (2013) ▲ 48,261,942 people(27th) Density41.1 people/km² GDP Total (2012) $29.012 billion(82nd) Per capita $674 HDI (2013) ▲ 0.476 (low; 152nd) Names of residents Tanzanian, Tanzanian, Tanzanian Currency Tanzanian shilling Internet domain .tz ISO code TZ IOC code TAN Telephone code +255 (+007 from Kenya and Uganda) Timezone +3 car traffic left

Name etymology

The word "Tanzania" is a combination of the names of two former colonies that became part of this country: Tanganyika and Zanzibar. Tanzania has two capitals: the historical capital Dar es Salaam serves as the administrative center, and Dodoma, where the government moved the main organs in the 1970s, serves as the legislative center.

Story

Pre-colonial period

From ancient times, the territory of present-day Tanzania was inhabited by peoples related to the Bushmen and Hottentots, engaged in hunting and gathering. Then in the 1st millennium BC. e. Cushite tribes came from the Ethiopian highlands. By the beginning of N. e. came the Bantu tribes.

Around the middle of the 1st millennium A.D. e. Persian and then Arab slave traders appeared on the coast of what is now Tanzania. It was then that the formation of a new ethnic community of Swahili began. It was made up of local coastal tribes and newcomers from Iran, Arabia, and also from India.

The Swahili were engaged in international trade, slaves, ivory, gold were exported from Africa, handicrafts, fabrics, food were imported.

The Germans wanted to turn German East Africa into their settler colony. They created plantations there and cultivated rubber, coffee, cotton, sisal. Since 1902, they began to build railways that connected the coastal ports with the hinterland. By 1914, the number of German settlers reached 5.4 thousand.

After the First World War, Tanzania came under the tutelage of Great Britain. The British continued to develop the plantation economy, primarily sisal, as well as cotton and coffee.

period of independence

Geography

Most of the country is occupied by vast plateaus. The coastal lowland stretches along the coast of the Indian Ocean.

The territory of the country includes part of the largest lakes in Africa: Lake Victoria in the north, Lake Tanganyika (which is often called the twin of Baikal) in the west, and Lake Nyasa in the south of Tanzania.

The highest mountain in Africa, Kilimanjaro (5895 m), is located in Tanzania.

The total length of land borders is 3402 km, of which with Burundi - 451 km, with Kenya - 769 km, Malawi - 475 km, with Mozambique - 756 km, with Rwanda - 217 km, with Uganda - 396 km and with Zambia - 338 km .

Climate

Political parties (according to the results of the elections in December 2005):

• Chama Cha Mapinduzi (Revolutionary Party) - 206 seats in parliament;
• Civil United Front - 19 seats;
• Chama Cha Demokrasia na Maendelelo (Democracy and Development Party) - 5 seats.

Armed forces

Foreign policy

Tanzania is the only East African country that is part of the Southern African Development Community (SADC). From 2005 to 2006 Tanzania was a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council.

Diplomatic relations between the USSR and Tanzania (then Tanganyika) were established on December 11, 1961.

Administrative-territorial division

Tanzania is divided into 30 regions (Swahili mkoa)

№	Areas	Regions (English)	Adm. center	Square, km²	Population, people (2012)	Density, person/km²
1	Arusha	Arusha	Arusha	37 576	1 694 310	45,09
2	Geita	Geita	Geita	20 054	1 739 530	86,74
3	Dar es Salaam	Dar es Salam	Dar es Salaam	1 393	4 364 541	3133,20
4	Dodoma	Dodoma	Dodoma	41 311	2 083 588	50,44
5	Zanzibar West 1	Zanzibar Urban/West	Zanzibar	230	593 678	2581,21
6	Zanzibar North 1	Zanzibar North	Mkokotoni	470	187 455	398,84
7	Zanzibar Central South 1	Zanzibar Central/South	Koani	854	115 588	135,35
8	Iringa	Iringa	Iringa	35 503	941 238	26,51
9	Kagera	Kagera	Bukoba	25 265	2 458 023	97,29
10	Katavi	Katavi	Mpanda	45 843	564 604	12,32
11	Kigoma	Kigoma	Kigoma	37 040	2 127 930	57,45
12	kilimanjaro	Kilimanjaro	Moshi	13 250	1 640 087	123,78
13	Lindy	Lindi	Lindy	66 040	864 652	13,09
14	Manyara 2	manyara	babati	44 522	1 425 131	32,01
15	Mara	Mara	Musoma	21 760	1 743 830	80,14
16	Mbeya	Mbeya	Mbeya	60 350	2 707 410	44,86
17	Mwanza	Mwanza	Mwanza	9 467	2 772 509	292,86
18	Morogoro	Morogoro	Morogoro	70 624	2 218 492	31,41
19	Mtwara	Mtwara	Mtwara	16 710	1 270 854	76,05
20	Njombe	Njombe	Njombe	21 347	702 097	32,89
21	Pemba North 1	Pemba North	Vete	574	211 732	368,87
22	Pemba South 1	Pemba South	Mkoani	332	195 116	587,70
23	Pwani	Pwani	Kibaha	32 547	1 098 668	33,76
24	Ruvuma	Ruvuma	Songea	63 669	1 376 891	21,63
25	Rukva	Rukwa	Sumbavanga	22 792	1 004 539	44,07
26	Simia	Simiyu	Bariadi	25 212	1 584 157	62,83
27	Singida	Singida	Singida	49 340	1 370 637	27,78
28	Tabora	Tabora	Tabora	76 150	2 291 623	30,09
29	Tanga	Tanga	Tanga	26 677	2 045 205	76,67
30	Shinyanga	Shinyanga	Shinyanga	18 901	1 534 808	81,20
	Total			885 803	44 928 923	50,72

Population

As of 2014, the population of the country is about 50 million people. The population is distributed rather unevenly. About 80% of the country's inhabitants live in rural areas. The largest city in Tanzania is Dar es Salaam, which is home to over 4 million people. About 120 different ethnic groups live in the country, the most numerous of which are: Sukuma, Nyamwezi, Jagga, Ngonde, Mkhaya, Khehe, Bena, Gogo and Makonde, Kuria, Chagga, Wakha, Niaturu. Most of the ethnic groups belong to the Bantu group of peoples, some belong to the Nilotic and Khoisan peoples. A small proportion of the population of Tanzania is of Indian, Arabic, European, Chinese and other origin.

The proportion of people under the age of 15 - 44.3%; persons over the age of 65 - 2.6%.

The average age is 17.8 years.

The average life expectancy for 2011 is 58 years.

The average population growth is about 2%. The birth rate is 32.64 per 1,000 people; mortality - 12.09 per 1000. Fertility - 4.16 births per 1 woman.

Infection with the immunodeficiency virus (HIV) - 6.2% (2007 estimate).

Religion

Just over half of Tanzanians (55% - 60%) are Christians. The proportion of Muslims is estimated at 30% - 32%. Another 12% of the population adheres to local autochthonous beliefs. Among ethnic minorities there are Hindus, Baha'is, Buddhists, Sikhs, Jains and others.

The largest Christian denominations are Catholics (12.4 million), Lutherans (5.8 million), Pentecostals (2.35 million) and Anglicans (2 million).

Muslims are the majority in Zanzibar (97%), in many coastal areas, as well as in some urban areas in the interior of the country. Almost all Muslims are Sunnis (from 80 to 90%), there is a Shiite minority.

Languages

The official languages ​​of Tanzania are English and Swahili. Swahili is usually the language of interethnic communication, which is especially true for a country with such a rich ethnic and linguistic diversity. However, the mother tongue of most Tanzanians is the language of their ethnic group. English and Swahili are in the vast majority of cases the second and third languages.

According to Tanzania's language policy, Swahili must be used in the social and political spheres, primary and adult education, English is the language of secondary and higher education, technology and the country's supreme court. In recent decades, there has been a trend towards a decrease in the role of English and, accordingly, an increase in the role of Swahili in various industries.

Economy

Tanzania's GDP in 2014 was $33 billion. GDP at PPP per capita was $1813.

Despite the richest natural resources, Tanzania's economy is based on agriculture, which employs about 80% of workers. GDP per capita in 2012 - 1.6 thousand dollars (156th place in the world).

Agriculture (27% of GDP) - coffee, sisal, tea, cotton, cashews, tobacco, cloves, corn, grains, tapioca, bananas, fruits, vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats are bred.

Industry (23% of GDP) - processing of agricultural products (sugar, beer, cigarettes), mining of diamonds, gold, iron ore, salt, shoe production.

Service sector - 50% of GDP.

International trade

Imports in 2017: $8.61 billion - consumer goods, machinery and vehicles, fuel.

Main suppliers: India - 16.5%, China - 15.8%, UAE - 9.2%, South Africa - 5.1%.

It is a member of the international organization of ACT countries.

culture

The culture of the peoples of Tanzania has rich traditions. This is wood carving, they are famous for their masks, sculpture, household items. In Zanzibar, they keep the tradition of coconut shell carving, wood sawing. Tingatinga style of painting originated in Tanzania, named after the author - Eduardo Saidi Tingatinga.

Sport

Football is popular in Tanzania (the strongest clubs are the capital's Young Africans and Simba), boxing, volleyball, athletics, and rugby. The Tanzania national football team, which is managed by the Tanzania Football Federation, has never reached the finals of the World Cup, and played in the African Cup of Nations for the only time in 1980 in Nigeria, where they lost two matches in the group and drew with Côte d'Ivoire. Almost all players of the Tanzania national team play in local clubs.

Despite a very large population by African standards, Tanzania has hardly achieved significant success in any sport, even at the regional level.

The content of the article

TANZANIA, United Republic of Tanzania, a country in East Africa. It consists of two parts - mainland (formerly Tanganyika) and island (Zanzibar, Pemba, etc.). Mainland Tanzania borders Uganda to the north, Kenya to the northeast, Burundi and Rwanda to the northwest, Mozambique to the south, Malawi and Zambia to the southwest, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. . In the east it is washed by the waters of the Indian Ocean, in the west - by Lake. Tanganyika, in the southwest - Lake. Nyasa, in the north - Lake. Victoria. In 1974 the capital was moved from Dar es Salaam to Dodoma. The transfer of the capital was due to the desire of the government to transfer part of the cash flows inland from the more developed coast. Although Dodoma is now the official capital, in many ways Dar es Salaam still retains the functions of a capital. Most of the state institutions, foreign embassies and representative offices of international organizations are still located here.

Nature.

Surface structure and climate.

The territory of Tanzania is divided into three regions according to the nature of the relief: coastal lowland with islands; a vast internal plateau (part of the East African Plateau) with grabens of the East African Rift Zone; several isolated mountain ranges and volcanoes with the highest mountain in Africa, Kilimanjaro. Many parts of the country suffer from lack of water. The sources of water supply are the Pangani, Rufiji and Ruvuma rivers flowing into the Indian Ocean and their tributaries, the Nyasa, Tanganyika and Victoria lakes.

The strip of the coastal lowland is swamped in places, especially at the mouths of the rivers. Mangroves are common there. Fertile soils are developed at a small distance from the coast under conditions of normal runoff. The climate is equatorial monsoon, hot, seasonally humid. Average annual precipitation often exceeds 1000 mm. Moderate rains are typical for November-December, weak rains fall in December-April and heavy rains in April-May. Average temperatures in Dar es Salaam range from 23°C in June to 28°C in January. The same climate on the islands of Zanzibar and Pemba, but there is more rainfall, the soil is fertile and intensively cultivated.

The lower and drier part of the plateau occupies all of southern Tanzania. The soils here are of a lighter composition, are prone to erosion and are rapidly depleted. Precipitation is scarce and unevenly distributed over the seasons. The tsetse fly is found here - a carrier of sleeping sickness among people and revolver disease among domestic animals. In Swahili, this barren and sparsely populated area is called "nyika". The central and northern parts of the plateau rise to 1200–1500 m. In some places there is a moderate amount of precipitation, fertile soils are common. Agriculture is widely developed, although only in a few places is water available all year round, and only in higher regions is there no tsetse fly. The average annual rainfall within the plateau ranges from 650 to 900 mm, the wet season lasts from November to April. However, the start date of this season and the total rainfall varies greatly, which affects agriculture. In November-December, short refreshing showers fall, alternating with clear days. Then dry weather prevails for several months, but in March a period of prolonged rains begins, which captures April, and sometimes May. From mid-May, dry weather sets in, which prevails until November. Temperatures are moderate, decreasing with altitude. In Mwanza (1170 m a.s.l.), the average temperature in June is 20 ° C, in January 22 ° C.

The plateau in the meridional direction is crossed by the East African Rift Zone, which was formed as a result of a significant subsidence of the earth's crust along parallel faults. In the south, the basin of the lake is confined to this zone. Nyasa, the level of which is at an altitude of 475 m above sea level. Lake is located in the western fault. Tanganyika, and the eastern branch, characterized by a sinuous configuration, crosses central Tanzania. Further north, this zone branches into western and eastern. The height of the surface in the axial part of the zone is 600–900 m, and the surface of the plateau rises above it by many tens of meters. Lakes Nyasa, Tanganyika and Victoria (occupying a shallow depression in the north of the plateau) are of great transport importance. The territories adjacent to the lakes Nyasa and Tanganyika receive more precipitation than the rest of the plateau, and their annual amount varies from 1000 to 1500 mm or more.

In the highest regions of Tanzania are isolated volcanic mountains, small mountain ranges and ranges. In the north, these are the Usambara mountains, the Meru volcanoes (4567 m) and Kilimanjaro with Kibo peak (5895 m). In the south, the Livingston Mountains stand out, stretching along the northeast coast of Lake. Nyasa. In general, the mountains receive more rainfall than other parts of the country and have more fertile soils. In the middle parts of the slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro, quite suitable for agriculture, more than 1300 mm of precipitation falls annually. Average temperatures in the coolest months are 13–16°C, and in the warmest months, 18–21°C.

Natural vegetation and wildlife.

Dense tropical forests have survived only around the lakes in the west of the country and in the floodplains of some rivers. The most common vegetation formations are dry short-grass savannahs with acacias and thickets of thorny bushes. There are also park forests on the plateau. Coastal areas feature native and introduced mango species and introduced coconut palm. Even conifers grow on the slopes of high mountains, for example, cedar and foot-bearing. Angolan pterocarpus is found in the park forests, the valuable wood of which is used for the manufacture of high-quality furniture and wall cladding.

The savannas are inhabited by several species of antelopes (wildbeest, kongoni, topi, stenbok, springbok, etc.), as well as lions, leopards, cheetahs, zebras, elephants and giraffes. An abundance of monkeys is characteristic, from monkeys in the extreme northwest there are chimpanzees, and in the Kilimanjaro region - gorillas. There are hippos and crocodiles along the rivers. The world of birds is unusually rich and diverse. Especially a lot of waterfowl. In the elevated regions of the country, ostriches can occasionally be observed. Of the poisonous snakes, the black mamba and the African viper stand out.

Tanzania is famous for its famous protected areas. Especially famous is the Serengeti National Park (15.5 thousand sq. km), the only one in the world where natural seasonal migrations of wild animals take place. The adjacent Ngorongoro National Park is confined to a huge volcanic crater, its caldera, the largest in the world, is distinguished by an extraordinary wealth of fauna. Nearby is Olduvai Gorge, where Louis and Mary Leakey discovered the skulls and bones of human ancestors. Here it was first established that Australopithecus and Homo habilis lived at the same time, ca. 1.5 million years ago.

POPULATION

Demography.

According to the 1988 census, 23.2 million people lived in Tanzania, of which 22.5 million lived on the mainland and 0.6 million lived in Zanzibar and Pemba.

In 2004, the population of the country is 36.59 million people.

The population of mainland Tanzania is almost entirely African. The vast majority of them are employed in agriculture. After government control of the economy, many non-Africans lost their jobs and emigrated. After the Africans, the most significant part of the population was made up of immigrants from Asia, mainly from India and Pakistan, but in the two decades after 1961 their number decreased from 88.7 thousand to 20 thousand. Of the 23 thousand Europeans in 1961, only 1 thousand remain today .

Before the revolution of 1964 ca. 76% of the population of Zanzibar were Africans, 17% Arabs, 6% Indians, and the rest were Comoros and Europeans. The Arabs monopolized not only political power, but also the plantation economy. Trade was predominantly in the hands of the Indians and, to a lesser extent, the Arabs. During the revolution, many Arabs were killed. The Abeid Karume government that came to power adopted a series of discriminatory measures against ethnic minorities. As a result, about three-quarters of Arabs and Asians emigrated from Zanzibar.

Ethnic composition.

There are approximately 120 ethnic and linguistic groups in Tanzania. About 94% of the rural mainland population speaks Bantu languages. The most numerous people are sukuma. It is centered in the northwest and makes up 13% of mainland Tanzania's population; the related Nyamwezi live in the western and central parts of the country; makonde - on the coast; haya - in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe lake. Victoria; chaga - on the slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro and Meru, where they grow coffee; gogo live in the central regions and ha - in the west near the lake. Tanganyika. The rest of the peoples of the mainland are mainly pastoralists who speak the Shari-Nile languages ​​​​(Masai, etc.). Several smaller ethnic groups, including the Sandawe and the Hadsa, speak Khoisan languages. The majority of the population of Zanzibar are descendants of African slaves brought from the mainland by the Arabs, and the Shirazi people, whose ancestors came from Iran many centuries ago and mixed with the local population.

Until the early 1970s, most of the population of mainland Tanzania lived on isolated family farms of nomadic farmers or pastoralists. In the period 1974-1977, many villages were combined into approximately 7.5 thousand large typical rural settlements. In the new settlements, traditional social institutions were eliminated, and leadership functions were transferred to representatives of the ruling party or state.

Language.

Although in different parts of the country Africans speak different local languages ​​among themselves, the language of interethnic communication, Swahili, is ubiquitous. It is one of the Bantu languages ​​enriched with borrowings from Arabic and, to a lesser extent, from Hindi and English. Swahili is taught in primary and secondary schools. Swahili has been the official language of Tanzania since 1967, but English is still widely used in government and business. Teaching at the University of Dar es Salaam is conducted in English.

Religion.

About a third of Tanzanians are Muslims, one fourth are Christians, and the rest are adherents of local traditional beliefs.

State system and politics.

December 9, 1961 Tanganyika gained independence. The national liberation struggle was led by the mass party Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). The country had a parliament and government, but formally the head of state was the English monarch. In December 1962, Tanganyika was proclaimed a republic, and the president became the head of the executive branch. In January 1964, by decree of the first president of the country, TANU leader Julius Nyerere, an authoritative commission was established to consider changes in the TANU charter, the executive power system and the procedure for electing representative bodies in order to make the one-party system legitimate and give it a democratic character.

Zanzibar gained independence in December 1963, but power remained in the hands of the Arab oligarchy. As a result of the victory of the revolution in January 1964, power passed to the Afro-Shirazi (ASP) and Umma (People) parties, which expressed the interests of Africans. ASP leader Abeid Karume became chairman of the highest authority, the Revolutionary Council. The more radical Umma party later became part of the ASP, which became the only legal political organization in Zanzibar. In April 1964, the governments of Tanganyika and Zanzibar decided to unite both states, and the Zanzibar people were included in the government and the constitutional commission of Tanzania. The recommendations of this commission formed the basis of the interim constitution of 1965, which officially recognized the one-party system in Tanzania. In 1977 a new constitution was adopted, which consolidated the leading role of the party. At the same time, TANU and ASP merged into a single Revolutionary Party - Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CHM).

In 1965-1993 Tanzania was a country with a one-party system, African socialism was recognized as the goal of development. In 1965, Julius Nyerere, as president of the country and chairman of the CCM, significantly strengthened his authority. The party congress nominated his candidacy for the post of president and chief executive, after which it was approved in a popular referendum. During the years of the one-party system, the president was assisted by two vice-presidents, one of whom was also the president of Zanzibar, and the other was the prime minister in charge of the day-to-day running of the government. Ministers were appointed from among the members of the National Assembly. The numerical composition of the National Assembly changed over time, its representativeness expanded. For example, in 1984, among 228 parliamentarians, 118 were elected from mainland Tanzania and 50 from Zanzibar, in addition, 5 were appointed by the House of Representatives of Zanzibar (where the Zanzibar government was in charge of internal affairs), 15 women deputies were appointed by the National Assembly. The remaining seats were assigned to 15 members of parliament, who were appointed by the president, and the heads of all 25 regions of the country.

During the years of the one-party regime, the ruling party ChChM played a leading role in the political life of the country. In addition to it, only organizations controlled by it could legally exist. To cover the rural population, five mass public organizations were created that united women, youth, parents of students, the elderly and cooperators. The authorities strictly regulated the activities of all mass associations. The creation of alternative organizations was prohibited. The party also controlled the trade unions, which were more of a tool for strengthening party control than organizations defending the interests of workers.

In the 1970s and 1980s, there was no freedom of speech in Tanzania. There was an atmosphere of suspicion towards imaginary external and internal enemies who supposedly hindered the country's progress towards a brighter future. Such sentiments in society especially intensified during the economic crisis of the early 1980s.

Although the one-party system was in principle anti-democratic, elections were held in the country for local, regional and national authorities, and Nyerere's candidacy for the presidency was approved in popular referenda in 1965, 1970, 1975 and 1980. In 1985, Nyerere resigned from the presidency, but remained chairman of the CHM. Ali Hasan Mwinyi, a Zanzibarian, became the new president of the country, who held this post from October 1985 to 1995. Despite the defeat of many prominent party leaders in the 1985 elections, determining the political and economic course of the country remained the prerogative of the CCM. The popularly elected parliament has long turned into an obedient body of the ChChM.

The ChChM had an extensive network of local organizations. Every ten houses formed a primary party cell. The cell leaders were the mainstay of the CFM in the field. There was a strict hierarchy in party and state bodies, and all important decisions were made at the very top. From the lower classes, only the approval and implementation of the decisions of the party and government were required.

In the 1990s, Nyerere began to lean towards abandoning the one-party system. In 1991, a specially created commission (the Nyalali commission) took up the clarification of public opinion about changes in the political system. After discussing this issue at conferences and seminars in late 1991, the commission submitted a report to the government. In February 1992, parliament approved constitutional amendments that provided for the introduction of a multi-party system.

The liberalization of political life caused profound changes in the country. The granting of freedom of speech hastened the creation of several press organs and defuse political tensions. After the removal of party-state control over the activities of public associations, a number of non-governmental organizations appeared. The purpose of many of them was to support the social sphere (primarily health care and education), which was previously funded by the state. Other organizations were discussing land reform, environmental protection, women's rights, and so on. In 1993, political parties were created, which began preparations for the 1995 elections.

Thirteen political parties participated in these elections, but only four of them nominated their candidates for the presidency. A convincing victory was won by the ChChM, whose candidates were elected to the highest government posts. Benjamin Mkapa became President of Tanzania, Omar Juma became First Vice President and Prime Minister of the mainland, Salmin Amur became Second Vice President and President of Zanzibar. The CCM won not only control of the executive branch, but also won 214 out of 275 seats in the new National Assembly. The largest opposition force in the elections was the National Convention for Creation and Reform (NCCR), led by well-known corruption fighter Augustin Mrema. The NKSR received the greatest support in the region of Kilimanjaro, in the homeland of Mrema. In the presidential elections, he won 27.8% of the vote, and his party won 19 parliamentary seats. Representatives of the United Civil Front (UCF), an influential party in Zanzibar, received 28 deputy mandates, but its candidate collected only 6.4% of the vote in the presidential election. Two other opposition parties each won several seats in parliament: the United Democratic Party (UDP) and the Party for Democracy and Progress (CHADEMA).

The CCM formed a government of 23 ministers. Notably, many former high-ranking members of the party were not offered positions in the new government. After the elections, the position of the CCM government was strengthened, which was facilitated by the conflict within the NKSR, the most influential party. In 1997, a struggle began between Augustin Mrema and the rest of the members of the NKSR executive committee for control of the organization. After numerous publications in the press about intra-party strife, the number of supporters of the NKSR has sharply decreased. In Mrem, many voters used to see a contender for the presidency of Tanzania, but on the condition that he shows the qualities worthy of a statesman. The union with Zanzibar was going through a difficult period due to allegations of electoral fraud on the island, which allowed the CFM to take the majority of parliamentary seats there. In protest, UCF activists held a lengthy boycott of parliament. Relations between mainland Tanzania and Zanzibar remain strained.

In 1997, a report became public, which provided numerous documentary evidence of widespread corruption in power structures. Passions were also running high around plans for a radical land reform, which would legislate the right of private ownership of land. Since Tanzania has developed a tradition of collective land use and the popular mind is dominated by the idea that land cannot be bought and sold, the government decided to hold a broad discussion on this issue. The discussions raised questions about women's right to own land and the relationship between nomadic pastoralists who move their livestock to seasonal pastures and the government, which needs the land to create national parks and develop tourism.

In a second presidential election held in 2000, Mpaka was re-elected for another five-year term with 71 percent of the vote, although the opposition refused to recognize the election results and called for a boycott of the new parliament. Disillusionment with the results of the last elections in 2001 escalated into violent demonstrations and accusations against the police. A series of rallies in Zanzibar calling for new elections escalated into armed clashes, leaving about 40 people dead and many more injured. After the end of Mpaki's second term, in the presidential election, former Foreign Minister Jakaya Kikwete (from the Chama Cha Mapinduzi party) won 80 percent of the popular vote and won. He appointed Edouard Lovasse as his prime minister and the government was sworn in in December 2005. Kikwete promised to continue his predecessor's economic reforms. In February 2008, the cabinet was dissolved by the president following a corruption scandal. The Prime Minister has resigned. He was replaced by Mizengo Pinda and a new cabinet was created.

Local government.

The territory of mainland Tanzania is administratively divided into 20 regions, the islands of Zanzibar and Pemba - into 5 regions. The regions are divided into 70 districts. After the introduction of a one-party system in 1965, party structures were created at the level of villages and urban areas. Party representatives in rural areas have been involved in resolving conflicts within and between family households, as well as disputes over land use and access to water. These party bodies survived during the period of the multi-party system, but their powers were reduced as the local control of the ChChM weakened.

At different periods in the history of Tanzania, regional and district governments have had different powers. In colonial times, local authorities served as an important mechanism for implementing the policy of the metropolis. The colonialists left some of their traditional powers to the leaders and created local councils. During the period of independence, the national government initially relied on these bodies, but as the central government strengthened, local administrative functions gradually passed to it. In the late 1960s, the government in Dar es Salaam stripped the local councils of their right to form their own budgets. In 1972, local self-government bodies were abolished. Instead of councils and an executive apparatus accountable to the population, regional and district committees were created locally, staffed by officials appointed by the central government. Behind the government's statements about its alleged decentralization policy, there was an intention to establish total control on the ground, excluding any initiatives not sanctioned from above.

After the introduction of a multi-party system, the question arose of reforming local governments. Regional and district administrations now have greater powers and often seek other sources of funding than the state treasury.

Judicial system.

During the colonial period, the judicial system consisted of two components. British magistrates tried civil and criminal cases in official courts, and chiefs and elders administered justice based on traditional customs. After the declaration of independence, single courts of three instances were introduced. Cases that were under the jurisdiction of the courts of chiefs and elders are now considered by magistrates, who are trained and appointed by the executive branch. Officially, legal proceedings according to traditional norms were abolished, but in fact, on the ground, to one degree or another, they continue to operate. Cases are still being recorded of courts making decisions on the basis of common law combined with local customs.

Armed forces.

In January 1964, two battalions of the Tanganyika army mutinied, demanding higher salaries and speeding up the process of Africanization of the officers. After the suppression of the rebellion, the army was disbanded. The National Defense Forces of Tanzania were created, under the political and ideological control of TANU. At present, the strength of the armed forces, including the Air Force and the Navy, is estimated at about 40 thousand people. The problems of internal security are under the jurisdiction of the police (approximately 1.4 thousand people) and the people's militia, in the ranks of which there are 50 thousand people. The Tanzanian army is equipped mainly with Soviet and Chinese weapons.

Foreign policy.

During the Cold War, Tanzania pursued a policy of non-alignment and self-reliance. The foreign policy course corresponded to the economic tasks of building African socialism. Tanzania had close ties with China, which provided significant assistance in building transport infrastructure. She supported the national liberation movements in southern Africa, as one of the front-line states assisted the African National Congress (ANC) in the fight against apartheid in South Africa and opposed South Africa's intervention in the civil war in Angola and Mozambique. Tanzania has led the opposition to the dictatorial regime of Idi Amin in neighboring Uganda. Thanks to the participation of the Tanzanian army, as a result of a two-year war of 1978-1979, the dictator of Uganda was overthrown.

In the 1970s, attempts to create an East African Economic Community ended in failure; the resulting disagreement led to the closure of the northern border with Kenya. In 1993, Tanzania, Uganda and Kenya announced their intention to re-establish the East African Community. In recent years, Tanzanian diplomacy has actively participated in the search for ways to resolve the conflicts in Rwanda, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo with the help of the states of Central and East Africa. In the Tanzanian city of Arusha, there is the International War Crimes Tribunal in Rwanda, created to prosecute those responsible for the 1994 genocide. Tanzania is a member of the Organization of African Unity, the UN and the Commonwealth, led by Great Britain.

Economy.

The model of socialism adopted in Tanzania after independence was based on two main principles - self-reliance and the equal distribution of social wealth. Implementation of this model was fraught with great difficulties and proved untenable mainly due to the focus of the Tanzanian economy on the export of agricultural products. Despite the arid climate and other adverse natural conditions, agriculture is the backbone of Tanzania's economy.

In the 1970s, the country's economy developed at a relatively fast pace, which was associated with high world prices for Tanzanian export products. The policy of forced creation of "socialist villages" led to the alienation of the peasants from the land, and the rate of growth slowed down. In the late 1970s, Tanzania entered a period of economic crisis. The fall in world prices for Tanzanian exports, the global oil crisis and the burdensome war with Uganda led to a balance of payments disruption. Domestic political factors also played an important role. The state systematically underpaid the peasants for export products and accumulated a significant part of the income from exports. Therefore, the peasants faced a dilemma: either to produce less products, or to sell a significant part of it on the black market. The economy of the socialist type also assumed the presence of political restrictions on economic activity. The Arusha Declaration of 1967 forbade party functionaries and government officials from engaging in entrepreneurship and using hired labor. Despite the efforts of the Tanzanian leadership to prevent the personal enrichment of the party elite and civil servants, the economic crisis of the 1980s gave rise to a large-scale shadow economy. Party workers and government officials, faced with the inability to live on their salaries, took up entrepreneurial activities. Experts note that it is difficult to objectively assess the state of the Tanzania economy, since it is almost impossible to determine the scale of the shadow economy.

In the early 1980s, the Tanzanian government made several attempts to adjust economic policies, but this did not help the ailing socialist economy. In 1986, Tanzania negotiated with the IMF in order to obtain loans for the restructuring of the country's economy. The agreement reached meant a radical change in the country's economic course, since the conditions for granting loans provided for the rejection of socialist methods of management. Like most reform countries, Tanzania is privatizing the public sector of agriculture and industry. The IMF also demanded trade liberalization and devaluation of the Tanzanian shilling. In recent years, as a result of the curtailment of social programs, the peasants have lost state support, and now they have to rely only on themselves.

Tanzania is still a predominantly agricultural country, with 85% of the rural population employed in the agricultural sector. In 1997, agricultural exports accounted for 60% of all export earnings. Although the IMF has named Tanzania as a successful economic restructuring country, the actual results are at best half-hearted. For the majority of peasants, production oriented to the domestic market often does not even provide a living wage.

The total length of the country's roads is 90,000 km, of which 18,000 km are paved. The length of railways is 3.5 thousand km. The largest seaports in Tanzania are Dar es Salaam and Tanga. Coastal shipping is developed along the coast. There are three international airports - Dar es Salaam, Arusha and Zanzibar.

Foreign trade turnover in 1994 was 1.8 billion dollars, imports - 1.4 billion (machinery and equipment, fuel, consumer goods), exports - 0.4 billion (tea, coffee, tobacco, sisal, a number of industrial goods and minerals).

External debt in 1995 exceeded $7 billion.

After lengthy debate, in 1997 the National Commercial Bank, previously owned by the state, was privatized.

Education.

Seven years of primary education is compulsory. In the 1970s, universal primary education was an important element in the program for building socialism and self-reliance. Secondary education is selective; primary school graduates must pass transitional examinations to continue their education in public secondary schools. As the process of economic liberalization deepens, more and more private schools are being created in the country, which are run by parental and religious organizations. Often, educational institutions are subsidized from the funds of international non-governmental organizations. Upon payment of the required amount, anyone can become a student of a private school. In 1997, the cost of education per student in a public secondary school was approx. $ 150 per year, the cost of education in a private school was slightly higher - approx. $200 per year.

To enter the university in Dar es Salaam, you must successfully pass the entrance exams. For a long time, the state provided students with subsidies for their studies, but now they have to pay for their own education. Tanzania's premier university has always been a hotbed of free-thinking and a center of criticism of the government. In the 1980s, student organizations were the most organized force in opposition to the ruling regime.

Story.

Back in the 8th c. Zanzibar and other islands off the east coast of Africa were the base for the Arabs to trade with the mainland. These islands were called the Zenj country. Over time, Zanzibar turned into an independent Muslim sultanate, developing trade relations with the countries of the Middle East and the Indian subcontinent. In the 16th and 17th centuries he was under the rule of the Portuguese, and in the 18th century. came under the influence of the Sultans of Oman. In 1832, the Sultan of Oman Said Sayyid moved his residence to Zanzibar. Soon a large center of trade in slaves, ivory and spices arose here. Trade routes rushed deep into the mainland and reached the area of ​​Mount Kilimanjaro. Communication with slave traders caused profound social changes. Thus, the leaders of the tribes and even some humble people living in the Pare mountains became rich and gained great influence due to the fact that they supplied food and everything necessary to merchants and porters on the way between the coast and Kilimanjaro. Thus, trade undermined the established power structures and stimulated property stratification. At the end of the 19th century the areas adjacent to Kilimanjaro became the center of activity for Christian missionaries. The development of different regions was uneven. Ahead were those of them where it was possible to get an education in missionary schools or get rich in the service of trade caravans. For a long time, the Kilimanjaro region has occupied a central place in the economic life of the country. Trade routes also created new dangers, since local peasants could easily become the prey of slave traders.

At the end of the 19th century Zanzibar was turned into a protectorate of Great Britain, and the mainland of modern Tanzania (Tanganyika) was turned into a colony as part of German East Africa. Soon the first settlements of German settlers appeared here, the mountainous region of Usambara with a cooler climate was especially popular. In 1905-1906, the Germans brutally suppressed the protests of the local population. After the First World War, Germany lost Tanganyika, which became a mandated territory of the League of Nations under British rule. The British administration incorporated local traditional institutions of government into the system of colonial government. Where these institutions did not exist, they were created artificially, justified by the need to respect local traditions. In some areas, the leaders competed among themselves for the location of the British, since the support of the colonial administration provided them with great opportunities for enrichment and strengthening of power. The British established the production of commercial crops, including cotton. To neutralize the anti-colonial opposition, the British administration tried to establish social security for the local population. The speeches against the introduction of new taxes in the Pare region in 1949 hastened the adoption by the colonial authorities of the decision to develop the system of education and medical care. It was believed that these measures would instill a benevolent attitude towards the British authorities.

Nevertheless, anti-colonial sentiment spread among members of peasant associations that were founded in the 1920s in cash crop producing areas. Associations of coffee growers in Kilimanjaro and Buhaya (western Tanzania), as well as other similar associations, were created to help farmers in the fight against agricultural pests and in the sale of products. The viability of the colonial system was undermined during the global economic crisis of the 1930s, when the costs of managing the colonies increased.

After World War II, Tanganyika became a United Nations Trust Territory administered by the United Kingdom. In the 1950s, the national movement intensified, and in December 1961 Tanganyika gained independence. Zanzibar followed suit on December 10, 1963, and in January 1964 there was a coup, as a result of which the African majority of the population overthrew the dynasty of Arab sultans who had long ruled on this island.

In April 1964, Zanzibar and Tanganyika joined the federation of the United Republic of Tanzania, but the rapprochement of both parts of the federation occurred only in 1977. parts of the state became less durable. The lack of many necessary goods and life on the brink of survival in the conditions of the economic crisis are associated in the minds of the population with government programs for the structural restructuring of the economy. Economic difficulties exacerbated ethno-religious contradictions between Christians and Muslims, which affected relations between Tanganyika and Zanzibar. Contradictions of a political nature arose during the first multi-party elections in 1995 between the ruling Revolutionary Party (CHM), which enjoys support on the mainland, and the opposition parties operating in Zanzibar.

Tanzania in the 21st century

During the second presidential election, held in 2000, Mpaka was re-elected for another five-year term, but the opposition did not recognize the election results and called for a boycott of the new parliament. In 2001, demonstrations and accusations against the police began in the country. A series of rallies in Zanzibar calling for new elections escalated into armed clashes, leaving about 40 people dead and many more injured.

In the new presidential elections, former Foreign Minister Jakaya Kikwete (of the Chama Cha Mapinduzi party) won with 80 percent of the popular vote. He appointed Edouard Lovasse as prime minister and the government was sworn in in December 2005. Kikwete promised to continue his predecessor's economic reforms. In February 2008, the cabinet was dissolved by the president following a corruption scandal. The Prime Minister has resigned. He was replaced by Mizengo Pinda and a new cabinet was created.

Tanzania is located in Africa, in GMT+3 time zone (with current time of 05:32 PM, Wednesday). Offset from its own time zone: h. The country is located on an area of ​​945087 km² with a population of about 41.9 million people. Neighbor countries: Mozambique, Kenya, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Zambia, Burundi, Uganda, Malawi.

Capital of Tanzania?

The capital of Tanzania is Dodoma.

TZA latitude and longitude

Tanzania on the world map

Tanzania

Largest cities in Tanzania

Dar es Salaam
Mwanza
Zanzibar
Arusha
Mbeya
Morogoro
Tanga
Dodoma
Kigoma
Moshi
Tabora

Tanzania, United Republic / Constitutional bases, characteristics of the form of government

From 1961, when the independence of Tanganyika was proclaimed, to 1977, when the permanent constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania was adopted, Tanzania changed five constitutions:

The Constitution of Independence - the first constitution of independent Tanganyika was put into effect on December 9, 1961 by the proclamation of the English Governor General and was an annex to the Constitutional Order in Council - an act of the English crown, which legally formalized the approval of the first constitution in the states that were British colonies.

Tanganyika was proclaimed a dominion within the Commonwealth of Nations. The legislative powers of the English Parliament on its territory were canceled.

The National Assembly (NA) became the supreme legislative body, but the English queen remained the head of state, represented in the country by the governor general appointed by her.

Republican constitution.

Map of Tanzania in Russian

On December 9, 1962, the Constituent Assembly of Tanganyika adopted a new constitution, according to which Tanganyika was proclaimed a sovereign republic. The president of the republic was declared the head of state and government, he also became the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. The 1962 constitution retained some features of the English parliament model, namely, the system of elections to parliament and local authorities, adapted to a multi-party system, in accordance with which the organization of the highest bodies of state power and administration was provided.

Interim Constitution of the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar.

In connection with the formation in April 1964 of the United Republic of Tanzania, the constitution of 1962 was amended to provide for the differentiation of competencies between the union bodies of the ORT and the state bodies of Zanzibar; on the representation of Zanzibar in the union government and parliament.

The amended constitution became known as the 1964 Interim Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania and Zanzibar.

Provisional constitution of 1965.

On July 8, 1965, the new Provisional Constitution came into force. Subsequently (it was in force for 12 years), numerous amendments and additions were made to it, the most significant after the adoption of the Arusha Declaration. The 1965 constitution reflected some of the features characteristic of the constitutional legislation of those African countries that declared a socialist orientation, namely: the proclamation that political power belongs to the people; fixing the position that the people exercise this power through their revolutionary-democratic party; fixing in the constitution the leading role of the revolutionary-democratic party, which is the united national-democratic front of all the revolutionary forces of the country and serves as the political foundation of the state; formulation in the basic legislation of a new social and legal status of a citizen; the prohibition of racial, national and tribal discrimination; securing state property for the people as the basis for the development of the state along a non-capitalist path.

In this constitution, the tendency to strengthen and centralize executive power was further developed - all power is concentrated in the hands of the president.

The permanent constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania of 1977, with a number of amendments, is still in force today. It was adopted by the National Assembly on April 25, 1977.

It consists of a preamble and 10 chapters. There are 152 articles in the constitution, making it one of the longest in the world. Changes and additions were made to it 14 times. Nevertheless, the need for new changes in the constitution is brewing.

For example, it still defines Tanzania as a country of socialist orientation, while the government implements the principles and practices of the free market.

The Constitution proclaims democracy and socialism as the basic principles of the political system. The state must be "governed by society on the basis of the principles of democracy and socialism" (preamble). One of the stages in the development of democratic rights and freedoms was the introduction of ORT into the constitution in 1984.

series of articles known as the Bill of Rights. It was this addition that legally consolidated such fundamental human rights and freedoms as the right to life, personal liberty, privacy, equality before the law for all men and women regardless of race, religion and social status, freedom of movement, freedom of speech, conscience, and so on. Further.

Citizens are also given the right to work, to remuneration for work without any discrimination, forced labor is prohibited; the right to participate in the management of the affairs of the state: education and information (art.

12–19). The articles on the duties of citizens (25–28) deal with the observance of the constitution; protection of freedom, sovereignty, territorial integrity of the country, state property. Until 1992, the leading role of the Revolutionary Party was enshrined in the constitution. In 1992, an amendment was made to introduce a multi-party system in the country.

According to the form of government, Tanzania is a federation, of which Tanganyika and Zanzibar are members.

The jurisdiction of federal bodies includes: changes in the constitution; external relations; defense; citizenship; international trade; transport and communications; money turnover; higher education, etc. Zanzibar has its own constitution (dated January 12, 1980, as amended in 1984), its own authorities and administration and the judiciary.

Tanzania is a presidential republic. Art. 3 of Tanzania's constitution defines the United Republic as "a democratic and socialist state that adheres to the principle of multi-party democracy."

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  • Heads of State (Presidents) 1962–2014
  • Heads of Government (Prime Ministers) 1972–2014
  • Heads of the Republic of Zanzibar (Presidents) 1964–2014
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  • The position and role of the media in society
  • Gender equality/inequality
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  • Main indicators of the economy in 1990–2010
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  • Weight in the global economy 1990–2006
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  • External and internal security threats
  • Tanzania's position in the Corruption Perceptions Index 2001-2012
  • Placement of the territory of the country in the zone of increased risk of natural disasters
  • Economic Threats
  • Threats to human security

Tanzania country in East Africa. In the north it borders on Kenya and Uganda, in the south - on Mozambique, Malawi and Zambia, in the west - on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Burundi and Rwanda. In the east it is washed by the Indian Ocean. Tanzania also owns the islands of Zanzibar and Pemba.

The name of the country comes from the name of the united countries of Tanganyika and Zanzibar.

Capital

Dodoma (official), Dar es Salaam (actual).

Square

Population

Administrative division

The state is divided into 25 regions.

Form of government

Republic.

head of state

The president.

supreme legislative body

National Assembly (Parliament).

Supreme executive body

Government.

Big cities

Zanzibar, Mwanza, Dar es Salaam, Tanga. Official language. Swahili, English.

Religion

50% are Christians, 30% are Muslims.

Ethnic composition

99% - Africans (more than 120 groups in total), 0.2% - Europeans.

Currency

Tanzanian shilling = 100 cents.

Climate

The climate of Tanzania varies with altitude and distance from the coast.

So, on the ocean coast, the climate is tropical, with an average annual temperature of about + 27 ° С.

Where is Tanzania located? - country on the world map

In the depths of the mainland, it is hotter and drier. On the islands, the climate is mostly tropical, but the heat is reduced by ocean winds. The rainy season lasts from December to May. The greatest amount of precipitation falls on the western coast of Lake Victoria (up to 2000 mm per year), the least - on the inner plateau (about 250 mm).

Flora

In the west and south of the country there are dry deciduous woodlands, on the coastal lowland - park savannahs, in the northeast and in the center - grassy savannahs.

On the slopes of the mountains - wet evergreen forests. In the forests of Tanzania, mahogany and camphor laurel grow in large quantities.

Fauna

Representatives of the animal world of Tanzania - antelope, zebra, elephant, hippo, rhinoceros, giraffe, lion, leopard, cheetah, monkeys. The Serengeti National Park is the only one in the world where there is a natural seasonal migration of wild animals.

Rivers and lakes

The main rivers are Pangani, Rufiji, Ruvuma. The largest lakes are Tanganyika, Victoria, Nyasa.

Attractions

In Dar es Salaam - the National Museum (1937), in Zanzibar - the State Museum of Zanzibar, in Tanga the ethnographic museum-village - the picturesque caves of Amboni and the ruins of the Iranian fortress of the 16th century.

Tourists are attracted, first of all, by nature reserves, safari games. Kilimanjaro.

Useful information for tourists

Traditional souvenirs are products made of black (ebony) wood, malachite, soapstone, beads.

Tanzanite is mined in Tanzania - a blue diamond, jewelry with tanzanite is an expensive and unique souvenir.
It is customary to tip chauffeur-guides if you like their work.

Mountain guides receive an average of $10 per day, cooks and porters - $5 each. At a hotel or inn, you can give 500 shillings to a porter or servant, or leave a slightly larger amount at the accommodation office when you leave.
During your stay in Tanzania, you must take drugs for tropical malaria, and get vaccinated against yellow fever before traveling. Tap water should not be drunk. For drinking, use only bottled water, after checking whether they were well sealed.

Water intended for drinking, brushing teeth and making ice should be boiled or otherwise disinfected.
You should not move away from the main streets of cities in order to avoid the risk of being robbed.

Do not carry large sums of money with you, do not wear expensive gold jewelry, and do not walk down the street with audio and video equipment. At night, you should avoid appearing in deserted unfamiliar places.

United Republic of Tanzania
Main capital: Dodoma
Official language: Swahili, English
territory: 945,087 km²
population: 46,218,000 people
Form of government: Presidential republic
currency: Tanzanian shilling
Tanzania is a map on the Sputnik search portal.

Included in the Commonwealth.

The president is the president of the state and government. The legislative body is the National Assembly.
Administrative-territorial division: 25 regions.

In the east, it washes the waters in the Indian Ocean.

Most of the territory of Tanzania is located on the East African plateau (altitude 1000 m). The highest point is Mount Kilimanjaro (5895 m). In the west of the plateau, it borders on a system of tectonic depressions involved in the Rift Valley region. On the border - Lake Victoria, Tanganyika, Nyasa (Malawi). On the ocean coast, a narrow belt of soil is expanding, surrounded by coral reefs. In Tanzania, the turning point of the three main African rivers of the Congo, fed by water from Lake Tanganyika, the Nile - Lake Victoria (the southern coast of which is in Tanzania) - Zambezi - Lake Nyasa.

The main rivers are Pangani, Rufigi, Ruvuma.
The climate is mainly equatorial monsoon. The average temperature of the warmest month is from 25 to 27 °C, the coldest is from 12 to 22 °C. Precipitation is 500-1500 mm per year.
The country is dominated by bright tropical forests of deciduous trees ("miombo") and various types of Savannah (gardens, shrubs, meadows). A grassy savanna covers the floor of the Ngorongoro volcano crater.

Tropical rainforests are preserved only here and there on the mountainside. On the ocean and at the mouth of the mangrove river. The animal world of Tanzania is rich and diverse, especially in reserves and national parks, the largest of which are the Serengeti, Ngorongoro, Arusha, Manyara, Mikumi, Ruaha, Kilimanjaro, Rungwe. In the cities of the savanna there are still many elephants, giraffes, zebras, there are large herds of various antelopes, black rhino, buffalo, lions, and in the forests there are many species of monkeys (including a rare black and white colored long-haired colony) and very large birds.

Where is Tanzania?

National parks - Serengeti, Kilimanjaro, Ruach, Tarangi, etc.; Selous Reserve, Ngorongoro, Rungwa and others.

Population: Nyambezi people, Swahili, Hehe, Makonde, etc. The official language is English and Swahili.

Believers - Christians, Muslims, representatives of local traditional beliefs.

V 7.-8. The Arabs have occupied the territory of Tanzania for centuries; In the 16th century, the Portuguese were replaced by the Arabs. By the beginning of the 19th century, Fr. Zanzibar and the coast of mainland Tanzania were ruled by the Sultans of Muscat.

In 1856, an independent Suntanate of Zanzibar was established. Land in Tanzania in 1884 was taken in Germany (the German colony became the base for East Africa.), and after the First World War - a mandate, in 1946 - a trusted territory under the control of Great Britain (called Tanganyika); In 1890, a British protectorate was established over Zanzibar. In December 1961, the independence of Tanganyika was proclaimed in December 1963 - Zanzibar.

In April 1964, Tanganyika and Zanzibar founded the United Republic of Tanzania. The ruling party of Tanzania was the Revolutionary Party - Chama Cha Mapinduzi (founded in 1977). In 1992, the multilateral system was introduced.

Tanzania is an agricultural state. GDP per capita is $2,900 (2007). Main products: coffee, cotton, sisal, cloves. Livestock.

Fishing. Precious wood cleaning. Mining of diamonds, phosphates, gold, etc. Processing of agricultural raw materials. Oil refining, chemistry, cement, woodworking, metalworking. The main port is Dar es Salaam. Export: coffee, cotton, spices, Indian walnuts, sisal, tobacco, tea, diamonds, etc.

The main foreign trade partners are Great Britain, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Japan.

The monetary unit is the Tanzanian Shilling.

Embassy of Tanzania

• Katzman V.

  I. Modern Tanzania. M., 1977.

• Ovchinnikov V.E. History of Tanzania in modern and modern times. M., 1986.
• Lundberg U.-L. Islands in the center of Africa. Moscow, 1987.
• Agriculture in Tanzania since 1986. — Washington: World Bank: Intern. food policy research institution, 2000.
• Tanzania: social sector. — Washington: World Bank, 1999.
• United Republic of Tanzania.

  — M.: Nauka, 1980.

If you want to see a truly colorful Africa, but at the same time not be afraid of hostile natives and not think about the opportunity to please sharks for dinner, you should visit Tanzania. This is the safest country on the "black" continent, but at the same time it offers an unlimited number of options for active and educational, exotic and extreme, ecological and ethnographic tourism. Here you can wallow on clean beaches, satisfy your desire to get acquainted with local attractions, as well as book a safari in national parks and even go on trophy fishing.
Until 1996, the capital of the state was Dar es Salaam, but after that the status of the main city passed to Dodoma.

Swahili is spoken in the country, as well as English, which means that travelers should not have problems communicating with the locals. But American dollars still have to be exchanged for Tanzanian shillings in order to pay for purchases in stores and markets.
Most of the territory of Tanzania is occupied by plateaus.

From the east, the country is washed by the Indian Ocean. The water area includes part of the three largest lakes in Africa - Victoria, Tanganyika and Nyasa. And it is in Tanzania that the highest mountain on the continent, Kilimanjaro, is located.

The state is located in the southern hemisphere, and the equatorial climate of the monsoon type dominates here. High humidity is noted along the entire coast, and very little precipitation falls on the central plateau during the year.
Approximately half of the population of Tanzania identifies themselves as Christians. A significant part of the inhabitants (30%) are Muslims.

Geography of Tanzania

Local autonomous beliefs are also represented here.
To visit Tanzania for tourism purposes, Russians need a visa. However, getting it is not a problem. This can be done upon arrival in the country, directly at the airport.
There are still few direct flights to Tanzania. A charter flight (for example, to Zanzibar) lasts about 10 hours.

However, in most cases, flights are operated with connections, which means they take longer.
The best time to visit the kingdom of wild nature and the real pearl of East Africa is the period from mid-June to October. In winter, it is better to refrain from traveling here because of the heavy rains that wash out the roads. By the way, there are two rainy seasons here - from October to November and from March to early June (slight deviations are possible depending on the region).

The United Republic of Tanzania is a secular state. The country's constitution proclaims equality of opportunity for all citizens, regardless of their religion (Article 9), prohibits discrimination on religious grounds (Article 13), and guarantees the right to freedom of religion (Article 19). Religious associations are registered with the Ministry of the Interior or with the main state registrar (for Zanzibar).

Slightly more than half of Tanzanians (55% - 60%) are Christians. The share of Muslims is estimated at 30% - 32%. Another 12% of the population adheres to local autochthonous beliefs.

The first Christians arrived in Tanzania in 1499.

These were the Augustinian monks who sailed along with Vasco da Gama. For the next two centuries, a Catholic mission operated in the country, which was expelled with the arrival of the Arabs. Catholics resumed missionary activity only in 1860. Later Protestants join them: Anglicans (1864), Lutherans (1886), Moravian Brethren (1891), Adventists (1903).

In the 1930s, missionaries from various Scandinavian and American Pentecostal organizations arrived in Tanzania.

In 1956 Baptists from Nigeria began a mission in Dar es Salaam.

In 2010, 31.8% of the inhabitants of Tanzania belonged to the Catholic Church, 27.3% were Protestants. The largest Protestant denominations are Lutherans, Pentecostals and Anglicans (more than two million each). Orthodoxy is professed by 41 thousand people.

Tanzanians.

Christians make up the majority among such peoples of Tanzania as the Bemba, Bena, Gogo, Jagga, Zanaki, Zinza, Kamba, Kikuyu, Konongo, Kuria, Matengo, Namwanga, Ngonde, Ndali, Ndamba, Pangwa, Pimbwe, Pogoro, Suba, Fipa, Haya, hangaz, hehe and hutu. Christians are also Europeans living in Tanzania - Greeks, British, French, Germans, etc.

The first Muslims in what is now Tanzania were Arab merchants who entered Zanzibar and the East African coast during the late Middle Ages.

Initially, Islam spread in the cities of the coastal regions; in the 19th century, Islam began to penetrate into the continental part of the country. During this period, a number of African leaders converted to Islam. Between the two world wars, the spread of Islam accelerated noticeably.

In the second half of the 20th century, immigrants from India and Pakistan joined the Muslim community. In 1969 was created National Council of Muslims of Tanzania who manages the affairs of Muslims and elects the mufti.

Currently, Islam is practiced by the Arabs, Digo, Zigua, Kwere, Kutu, Matumbi, Machinga, Ngindo, Ndengereko, Rangi, Rufiji, Somalis, Swahili and Shirazi. Muslims also make up about half among the Zaramo, Mwera, Nyamwezi, Pare and Shambhala; the second half of these peoples profess Christianity.

Muslims live on the islands of the Zanzibar archipelago, as well as in major cities of the country.

The majority of Muslims in Tanzania adhere to the Sunni direction of the Shafi'i legal school; There are also Hanafis. Among the foreigners and immigrants living in Tanzania, there are many Shiites (Ismailis and Imamis); people from Oman follow Ibadism.

Since 1934, the Ahmadiyya Muslim community has been active in Tanzania.

The share of adherents of local beliefs has been steadily falling throughout the 20th century; from 90.5% in 1900, to 32% in 1970 and 16% in 2000. At present, the cult of ancestors and reverence for the forces of nature are widespread among the peoples of Tanzania; in case of illness, many Tanzanians turn to healers and sorcerers.

Most of the Dathong, Isanzu, Mbunga, Ndendeule and Sandawe adhere to local traditional beliefs. Traditional religions are also common among a significant part (40-60%) of the Jita, Iraqi, Kwaia, Mambwe Lungu, Maasai, Nyambo, Sangu and Sukuma peoples; another part of these peoples converted to Christianity.

Finally, in the third group of peoples (Ikizu, Safwa, Sumba and Ha), animists make up 30-40%; some of these peoples profess Christianity (30-40%); the rest is Islam.

The Hindu community (375 thousand in 2010) consists of the descendants of workers who moved to Tanzania at the beginning of the 20th century.

Ethnically, the majority of Hindus are Gujaratis. Hindus also include supporters of neo-Hindu religious movements - Brahma Kumaris, Hare Krishnas, followers of Sathya Sai Baba.

After the Second World War, the Baha'i community arose in the country.

The National Spiritual Assembly of Tanzania has been operating since 1964. In 2005, the number of adherents of the Baha'i faith was 191,000.

Descendants of immigrants from South and East Asia practice Buddhism (60 thousand). Most of the Punjabis living in Tanzania are Sikhs (13,000). Among foreigners there are communities of Jains (10 thousand), Jews, Zoroastrians.

Unbelievers and atheists in Tanzania are 0.4% of the population (134 thousand).

The official name is the United Republic of Tanzania.

Located in East Africa. The area is 945.1 thousand km2, the population is 37.2 million people. (2002). The official languages ​​are English and Swahili. The capital is the city of Dares Salam (2489.8 thousand people, 2002). By 2005, the capital is planned to be moved to Dodoma. Public holiday - Unification Day April 26 (since 1964). The monetary unit is the Tanzanian shilling.

Member of the UN (since 1964), IMF (since 1996), AfDB, FAO, AU, SADC, UNCTAD, UNESCO, WTO, ECOWAS.

Landmarks of Tanzania

Geography of Tanzania

It is located between 29°35′ and 40°27′ East longitude and 7°02′ and 11°47′ South latitude. In the east it is washed by the Indian Ocean. The coast is abrasion with small bay dissection. Near the mainland there are groups of islands (Zanzibar, Pemba, Mafia, etc.). It borders Uganda in the north, Kenya in the northeast, Mozambique in the south, Malawi and Zambia in the southwest, Burundi and Rwanda in the northwest.

Most of the territory is on the East African Plateau (over 1000 m). The highest point is Mount Kilimanjaro (5895 m). On the site of lowlands and gorges, there are lakes Tanganyika, Malawi, Rukva, Manyara and Eyasu.

There are deposits of nickel (31.4 million tons), diamonds, gold, tin, tungsten, mica optical quartz, precious stones, apatite, graphite, corundum, asbestos, talc, copper-polymetallic ores, salts, etc.

Soils are predominantly brown-red (ferralitic and alferritic), in the most arid regions - red-brown, saline in places.

The climate is equatorial monsoon. Altitudinal climatic zonality is expressed in the mountains. The average temperatures of the warmest month are +25-27°С, the coldest +12-22°С. Precipitation 500-1500 mm per year.

The main rivers are Pangani (400 km), Rufiji (1400 km), Ruvuma (800 km). There are lakes along the border: Victoria (68 thousand km2), Tanganyika (34 thousand km2), Nyasa (30.8 thousand km2).

Woodlands and savannahs predominate. On the slopes of high mountains - moist evergreen mountain forests, above - Afro-subalpine and Afro-Alpine vegetation. Along the ocean coast in places - mangrove forests.

The fauna is diverse: large herbivorous mammals (elephants, black rhinos, hippos, buffaloes, various antelopes, zebras, giraffes), predators (lions, leopards, cheetahs, hyenas, jackals). Of the monkeys, baboons are the most characteristic. The bird fauna is very rich. There are crocodiles, snakes. Many areas are infested with tsetse. National parks - Serengeti, Kilimanjaro, Ruaha, Tarangire and others; reserves of Selous, Ngorongoro, Rungwa and others.

Population of Tanzania

Population growth 2.6% per year (2002). Birth rate 39.12%, mortality 13.02%, infant mortality 77.85 people. per 1000 newborns (2002). Average life expectancy 51.7 years (2002).
Sex and age structure of the population: 0-14 years old - 44.6% (ratio of men and women 1.03), 15-64 years old - 52.5% (0.98), 65 years and older - 2.9% (0. 81) (2002). Rural population 80%, urban 20% (2002). Among the population over 15 years of age, 67.8% are literate (men 79.4%, women 56.8%) (1995).

99% of the population are peoples belonging to the Eastern Bantu (St. 130 tribes), 1% are Indians, Pakistanis, Europeans, Arabs. Languages ​​- Swahili and English, Arabic, local dialects.

On the mainland ca. 35% of the population adheres to local traditional beliefs, 35% are Muslims, 30% are Christians, in Zanzibar almost 99% of the population professes Islam.

History of Tanzania

In the 7th-8th centuries. the territory of Tanzania began to be inhabited by Arabs; in the 16th century the Portuguese appeared, who were driven out by the Arabs. To the beginning 19th century the island of Zanzibar and the coast of mainland Tanzania were ruled by the Sultans of Muscat. In 1856 an independent Zanzibar sultanate was formed. The mainland of the territory of Tanzania was captured by Germany in 1884 (became the basis of the colony of German East Africa), and after the 1st World War it became a mandate, in 1946 - a trust territory under the control of Great Britain (under the name Tanganyika); A British protectorate was established over Zanzibar in 1890. The beginning of the political activity of indigenous Africans dates back to 1929, when the Tanganyika African Association was formed, which was transformed in 1954 into the Tanganyika African National Union (TANS), headed by Julius Nyerere. TANS won the elections held in 1959 and 1960, and Nyerere became prime minister (he formed the government in May 1961). In December 1961, the independence of Tanganyika was proclaimed. Zanzibar (together with the island of Pemba and several small islands) became an independent sultanate in 1963. The sultan was overthrown in an armed coup in January 1964. After this event, a republic was proclaimed and the Afro-Shiraz Party took power. In April 1964, Tanganyika and Zanzibar formed the United Republic of Tanzania. The ruling party of Tanzania was the Revolutionary Party, founded in 1977. Because of the border conflict in 1979, Tanzania carried out a large-scale military invasion of Uganda, forcing it to capitulate. A multi-party system was introduced in 1992. In 2001, political contradictions in relations between Tanganyika and Zanzibar escalated.

State structure and political system of Tanzania

Tanzania is a presidential republic. The Constitution is in force in 1977 (as amended in 1984).
Administratively, Tanzania is divided into 25 regions: Arusha, Dar es Salaam, Dodoma, Iringa, Kagera, Kigoma, Kilimanjaro, Lindi, Mara, Mbeya, Morogoro, Mtwara, Mwanza, North Pemba, South Pemba, Pwani, Rukwa, Ruvuma, Shinyanga , Singida, Tabora, Tanga, Zanzibar Central/South, Zanzibar North, Zanzibar City/West.

Largest cities (2003, thousand people): Dar es Salaam, Dodoma (164.5), Mwanza (302.3), Zanzibar and Pemba (257.0), Morogoro (246.5), Mbeya (205 .0), Tanga (203.4).

The highest legislative body is the National Assembly (the legislative body of Zanzibar is the House of Representatives, consisting of 50 directly elected deputies). The supreme body of executive power is the government (in Zanzibar - the cabinet of ministers).

The head of state and government is President Benjamin William Mkapa (President of Zanzibar Amani Abeid Karume is the head of the internal government of Zanzibar and is elected in accordance with the Constitution of the island). The head of the supreme legislative body is Francis Nyalali.

Deputies (274 people) of the National Assembly are elected: 232 - by direct vote, 37 - women appointed by the president, 5 - from the House of Representatives of Zanzibar.

The President appoints the Vice President and ministers, including the Prime Minister, from among the members of the National Assembly.

Julius Nyerere became the first president of Tanganyika in 1962. Subsequently, he was re-elected in 1965, 1970, 1975 and 1980. Under him, the first edition of the country's Constitution was adopted in 1965, which was subsequently substantially revised in 1977.

In Tanganyika, the regions are headed by regional commissioners appointed by the president. Local self-government bodies are municipal and city councils. Development committees have been set up in the regions to manage economic, social and cultural development.

Tanzania has a multi-party system. Main parties: Revolutionary Party, National Committee for Creation and Reform, United Civil Front, United Democratic Party, Party for Democracy and Development.

Leading business organizations: Organization of the Tanzanian Trade Unions; Organization of development of small industrial enterprises; Sugar Industry Development Corporation; Confederation of Tanzanian Industry; Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Agriculture of Tanzania.

Public organizations: Union of Tanzanian Workers (500 thousand members in 1991), Workers' Department of the Revolutionary Party.

Domestic policy is aimed at preventing confrontation between Tanganyika and Zanzibar and keeping Zanzibar within the republic. Emphasis is placed on the development of education (up to 20% of budget allocations).

Tanzania pursues a peacekeeping foreign policy in the East African sub-region, acting as a mediator in the settlement of the Burundi and Rwandan conflicts, accepting and hosting numerous refugees on its territory.

Armed forces (1998): 34 thousand people, incl. 30 thousand people - Land units, 1 thousand people. - Navy and 3 thousand people. - Air Force. Paramilitary formations: 1.4 thousand people. military police and 80 thousand people. people's militia.

Tanzania has diplomatic relations with the Russian Federation (established with the USSR in 1961).

Economy of Tanzania

Tanzania is an underdeveloped agricultural country. GDP $22.1 billion. GDP per capita $610 (2001). Economically active population 16,204 thousand people. (1997). Inflation 5% (2001).
Sectoral structure of the economy in terms of contribution to GDP (2000): agriculture - 48%, industry - 17%, services - 35%. Employment: agriculture - 80%, industry and services - 20%.

Electricity generation 2616 million kWh (2000). The main branch of the mining industry is diamond mining (49.1 thousand carats in 1995); Salt is also mined (66.9 thousand tons in 1995), mica, coal, magnesite, and graphite. Oil refining (313 thousand tons of oil products in 1997), cement (604 thousand tons), tobacco (4.7 million cigarettes), textile (42.7 million m of fabrics), woodworking (39 million m3 of wood) and food and flavor industries are developed. production of products from sisal.

The leading branch of agriculture is crop production (1998, thousand tons): cassava (6444), corn (2107), rice (533), sorghum (498), bananas (769) and millet (347), raw sugar (116, 1), cashew nuts (67), coffee (42). Tanzania is a leader in the African region in terms of livestock production. Production (thousand tons, 1997): meat (261), milk (693), hides and skins (51). The fish catch consists of Nile perch, tilapia, tuna and sardines.

The length of railways is 3569 km. The length of the road network is 85 thousand km, including 4.25 thousand km of paved roads and 80.75 thousand km of unpaved roads (2001). The island of Zanzibar has 619 km of roads, including 442 km of paved roads, and on about. Pemba is 363 km long, including 130 km paved.

There are 125 airports and runways. International airports: near Dar es Salaam, in the province of Kilimanjaro and on Zanzibar. Airlines: Air Tanzania Corp, founded in 1977, serves domestic airlines; Air Zanzibar, founded in 1990 to serve tourist routes.

Main ports: Dar es Salaam, Mtwara, Tanga, Bagamoyo, on Zanzibar and Pemba. Merchant fleet (1998) 56 ships with a total displacement of 46.3 thousand tons.

In 1991, an international telephone network with direct dialing was put into operation. Cellular communications have been in operation since 1994. Communication facilities (1998): radios - 8.8 million, televisions - 103 thousand, telephones - 127 thousand lines, cell phones - 30 thousand subscribers (1999), Internet providers - 6 ( 2000), Internet users - 300 thousand people. (2002).

Trade is represented mainly by the informal sector, which is not amenable to strict statistical accounting. In 1999, approx. 600,000 tourists spending $730 million.

Modern economic and social policy is aimed at the gradual liberalization of the public sector under the guidance of international institutions, and the fight against corruption is being carried out. Tanzania is a recipient country. In 1997, aid amounted to $963 million.

The exchange rate of the national currency is set on the interbank foreign exchange market. Exchange rate control mode - free swimming. Foreign exchange reserves 600 million US dollars (1998). Demand deposits in commercial banks 237.7 billion tanz. shillings, cash in free circulation 307.8 billion tanz. shill.

State budget (2000/01, million USD): revenues 1.01, expenditures 1.38. Public debt $6.8 billion (2000).

In 1991, 51% of the population of Tanzania lived below the poverty line. The poorest 10% of the population account for 3% of income, while the richest 10% of Tanzanians account for 30%.

In 2001, the export volume amounted to 827 million US dollars. Main export partners: Great Britain (22%), India (14.8%), Germany (9.9%), the Netherlands (6.9%). The volume of imports is 1.55 million US dollars. Main import partners: South Africa (11.5%), Japan (9.3%), Great Britain (7%), Australia (6.2%). The main export commodities are cotton, coffee, tea, tobacco, cashew nuts, minerals; imported - machinery and transport equipment, construction equipment, food, oil and oil products.

Science and culture of Tanzania

Primary education is compulsory and free. Education in primary school - 7 years from the age of seven. Secondary education - from the age of 14 and lasts 6 years, including the first four-year cycle and the second two-year cycle. In 1996, the proportion of school-age children who completed primary and secondary school was 42% (primary school - 66%, secondary school - 5%).

In the areas of Kondoa, Kisesi, Tambala, Mwanza, rock art has been discovered in grottoes (the period of the Upper Paleolithic and Neolithic). Among the artistic crafts, the most common are cult wooden and clay sculpture, mask-making, wood carving, weaving, and pottery. After 1964, a national school of painting was formed (artists S. J. Ntiro, V. Macha, F. K. Mzangi, and T. F. Abdulla).

Since 1967 there has been a theater department at the University of Dar es Salaam. In 1968, a traveling troupe was created under the youth organization National Service.

Literature develops in Swahili and English. The first text that has come down to us is "Utendi Harekali" (between 1711 and 1728). The largest writer of new literature is R. Shaaban (1909-62). English-language literature of Tanzania has existed since the beginning. 1960s The main genres are short stories and novels.

Geography of Tanzania

Tanzania is a state in the central part of the African continent. From the east, the country is washed by the Indian Ocean, in the northwest Tanzania borders on Burundi, Rwanda and Uganda, in the northeast - on Kenya, in the south - on Mozambique and Zambia. The area of ​​the country is 947,300 sq. km.

Mountain ranges are located in the northeast of the country. Here is the highest point of the African continent - Mount Kilimanjaro. The north and west of Tanzania is a country of great lakes, among which the largest lake in Africa - Victoria and Lake Tanganyika - the deepest on the mainland, unique species of fish live in it. The territory of the central part of the state is a flat plateau.

Tanzania has many national parks and reserves, the most famous of which are Ngorongoro, Serengeti National Park in the north, Selous Game Reserve and Mikumi National Park in the south. And Gombe Park, located in the west of the country, is a famous place for studying the behavior of chimpanzees by Dr. Jane Goodal.

State structure of Tanzania

Tanzania is a presidential republic. The President and members of the National Assembly of Tanzania are directly elected for a 5-year term. The president appoints the prime minister, who is the head of government and chairman of the National Assembly.

Weather in Tanzania

The climate of Tanzania is tropical, with comfortable temperatures all year round. However, each region of the country is characterized by its own weather conditions. The climate of the coastal zone is greatly influenced by the monsoons, which bring the rainy season to Tanzania 2 times a year. During the first season from mid-March to May, it rains every day. The second season comes in November or December. The climate of the central part largely depends on the mountains located in the east of the country. The weather here is cool and humid, and in the mountainous regions the night temperatures of June and July sometimes drop below + 15C°. The coolest time in the country is from June to October, and the warmest is from December to March.

Language of Tanzania

There are 2 official languages ​​in Tanzania: Swahili and English. Other common languages ​​in the country are Guarati and Portuguese (mostly spoken by immigrants from Mozambique and India). French is used to a lesser extent, it is spoken by people from Rwanda, Burundi and the Congo. Historically, since colonial times, German has also been spoken in Tanzania, but today it is almost forgotten.

Religion in Tanzania

62% of the country's population profess Christianity, 35% - Islam, 3% are members of other religious groups. 97% of Zanzibar's population is Muslim.

Currency of Tanzania

The country's currency is the Tanzanian shilling (Tsh). They issue banknotes in denominations of 10,000, 5,000, 1,000 and 500 shillings, as well as coins of 200, 100, 50, 20, 10, 5 and 1 shillings.

Credit cards are rarely accepted for payment even in large hotels. Commissions of 5 - 10% are taken for transactions with bank cards. Bank cards are convenient to use to withdraw cash from ATMs.

You can exchange currency in banks or currency exchange offices (forex). It is easier and more profitable to exchange money in Forex points. Forex trading is open around the clock on weekdays, and closes at noon from Saturday to Monday. The most favorable rates among banks are offered by NBC. The most willing to exchange US dollars and euros.

Customs restrictions

Allowed duty-free import into the country:

• 250 g tobacco / 200 cigarettes / 50 cigars
• 1 bottle of alcohol
• 1 perfume bottle

A special permit is required to import weapons.

Import/export of the national currency is prohibited, there are no restrictions on the import of foreign currency.

Importation of animals

For the import of animals, a health certificate is required. Every animal is quarantined. Rabies vaccination is required for cats and dogs.

Tips

In Tanzania, it is not customary to leave a tip in small establishments, especially in rural areas. However, in most major cities and tourist areas, the service staff is to be commended. Some establishments already include a service fee on the bill. In other cases, the bill is rounded off or 10% of its amount is left. Tips are an integral part of excursions, safaris, and they are not included in the price of the tour. Usually they collect 10-15 dollars from the group in gratitude to the driver or guide and 8-10 dollars - to the cook. Money should be given directly into the hands of those whom you want to thank.

Purchases

Value added tax in Tanzania is 20% and it is included in the price of all goods.

Shops are open 5 days a week from 8:30 to 12:00, after a break they start working again from 14:00 to 18:00. In tourist areas, many shops are open on Sunday. During Ramadan, trading begins after sunset.

Souvenirs

Tanzania is famous for fabrics, wood products. It also sells T-shirts with the characteristic slogan "I Conquered Kili". On the streets of Moshi and Arusha, you can buy items of pagan cults, military shields, necklaces, bows and arrows. A wonderful gift from Tanzania will be coffee, which is sold in wooden boxes or velvet bags in local shops. Kangas are popular among tourists - women's skirts. In jewelry stores you can buy jewelry with precious stones: sapphires, garnets, rubies, emeralds and green tourmaline.

Office Hours

Banking institutions are open from 8:30 am to 4:00 pm (Mon-Fri), and on Saturdays until 12:30.

Photo and video shooting

Before photographing local residents, you should ask their permission. You may be asked to pay for filming in certain locations.

Safety

Tanzania is a relatively safe country. Therefore, here it is necessary to adhere to the basic rules of staying in an unfamiliar country. You should not walk alone in deserted places, especially on beaches, at night in cities it is best to take a taxi. Don't take drinks and food from people you don't know, and be skeptical of anyone who comes up to you on the street and says they saw you at the airport, hotel, etc. Valuables and documents are best left in the hotel safe. And carry money in the inside pockets of your clothes.

Medicine

The International Health Organization recommends the following types of vaccination before traveling to Tanzania: against diphtheria, tetanus, rubella, polio and hepatitis B. Mandatory vaccination against yellow fever is required for travelers from countries where it is distributed. It is best to drink bottled water during your stay.

Mains voltage:

220V

Code of the country:

+255

First level geographic domain name:

.tz

Emergency Phones:

The unified telephone number of rescue services is 112/999.

Representations of Tanzania in the territory of the Russian Federation:

Embassy

Address: Moscow, Embassy Office: Pyatnitskaya st., 33.
phone: 953-82-21, 953-09-40, 953-49-75
fax: 953-07-85

Russian representations of Tanzania:

The Consular Section

Address: Dar es Salaam, Embassy of the Russian Federation in the United Republic of Tanzania,
P.O. Box 1905, Plot No. 73, Ali Hassan Mwinyi Road, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
phone: (8-10-255-22) 266-6006, 266-6005
fax: (8-10-255-22) 266-6818
www.tanzania.mid.ru