La Marseillaise is the national anthem of France. French anthem Words of the French anthem in Russian

The history of the anthem of the French Republic, oddly enough for some, was not so easy. It is well known that this anthem is one of the most revolutionary songs in the world "Marseillaise" . And this revolutionary spirit of hers in modern bourgeois-socialist France confuses few people.

The author of words and music "La Marseillaise" is the captain of the French revolutionary army, a specialist in the construction of fortifications Claude-Joseph Rouget, better known by the double surname Rouget de Lisle (Rouget de Lisle, 1760-1836).

The second surname did not arise by chance. Since the father wanted to make an officer out of his eldest son, and in order to enter a military school in those monarchical times, it was required to be born a nobleman, and not the son of a lawyer. Therefore, the father of Claude-Joseph and his seven brothers and sisters acquired the rights to an abandoned, worthless and useless piece of roadside land, which was called l’Isle. Subsequently, he added this name to his surname. The future poet was accepted into the Military School, and the apostrophe after the article disappeared during the revolutionary confusion.

Fate Claude Joseph Rouget was not particularly outstanding. And even outstanding vice versa. He has been consistently unlucky since birth. In early childhood, when his mother was shopping in the city market, the future poet plopped right on the pavement, which left him humpbacked for life. Because of this, he was constantly unlucky with women. His first girlfriend was a lady-in-waiting to Queen Marie Antoinette, and the Queen herself caught them one night. The girl lost her place, and the future officer began to dislike the monarchy. Although he later admitted that the 22-year-old queen fascinated him.

A little while later, Claude Joseph Rouget managed to get acquainted and betrothed to a certain girl from a decent family. However, at the celebrations in honor of the engagement, a rocket fired by him with his own hand killed his own bride. Experiences finally turned him towards poetry and philosophy. After completing his studies, he became a teacher at the military school in Mézières. From where he was transferred to the garrison in Grenoble. All this time composer of the French anthem studied poetry and even wrote an opera in three acts "Almanzor and Felina".

He met the Great French Revolution of 1789 with enthusiasm and volunteered for the Republican army, where he received the rank of captain and was sent to the garrison of Strasbourg. There composer of the French anthem again, he didn’t particularly go into the affairs of the service, but rather hung out in secular salons, sighing for beautiful women.

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One day, namely on April 25, 1792, at a ball with the governor of the city, Baron Dietrich, the messenger brought the news that Louis XVI, under pressure from the National Assembly, had declared war on Austria. Salon met this news with delight. Everyone began vying to discuss the joys of the future victory and the new happy life that promises to be after it. And also, in the meantime, the forthcoming performance of the Army of the Rhine towards the Austrians. The idea arose about new anthem , inspiring fighters to fight for a brighter future. Baron Dietrich approached our captain with this idea. Rouget de Lisle did not immediately catch fire with this idea and at first very actively refused. But the persistent requests of the audience, especially the young Baroness Dietrich, inspired him to do this.

Literally immediately, he rushed to his house, tearing off a revolutionary poster on the way from the fence, as he lacked paper. The poster called for volunteers for the army and was called: “Compatriots to arms!”. Evil tongues claim that he simply rhymed this poster. Be that as it may, on the same night he wrote this main, as it turned out later, work of his life.

As soon as the sun came up Claude Joseph Rouget has already returned to the salon with his new chanson, where he performed it in front of the audience, who had already forgotten about their revolutionary impulse. Tired after the party, the baron was not particularly enthusiastic, but his baroness was delighted. The Baron had no choice but to immediately give the order to publish this song under the title "War Song of the Army of the Rhine" . So this family, soon beheaded by the Jacobins, gave a start to the life of the future French anthem .

Hymn song was printed on leaflets in a local printing house. The army conscientiously carried out the order, and the soldiers diligently sang this song as they marched out of the city. However, the townspeople showed irresponsibility and a huge number of leaflets remained undistributed and were thrown away, right in the printed packaging, in the trash, near the market. It played a decisive role in the fate of the future anthem .

At the market, these brand new packs caught the eye of fruit dealers from Marseilles, who initially tried to use them for packaging. And then they took the remaining amount with them to Marseille, where they successfully sold it for the newest metropolitan revolutionary tune . Marseilles, who suffered from an inferiority complex because of their provinciality, immediately picked up this song, trying to show their advancement. The Marseille volunteers were especially successful in this, who, going to war with Austria, while passing through Paris, yelled this song everywhere, with or without reason. Why did the name stick to her? "Marseillaise" , i.e. Marseille song. The Parisians, of course, did not know about the origin of this song. But they had the pleasure of listening to it day and night. The government, having decided that the people were singing this for a reason, decided to support this revolutionary impulse of the masses and by a decree of Messidor 26 of the III year of the great era (or, in a simple way, July 14, 1795 from the birth of Christ) "La Marseillaise" became the national anthem of France .

Myself author of the anthem learned this good news while in line for the guillotine in a Strasbourg prison, where he ended up after another coup during a new wave of terror, for his, although not entirely pure, noble origin. However, he was out of luck here. This news was received not officially, but from a letter from his mother, who was violently indignant that under the name of the author of this chanson, which set everyone on edge, is the name of her son. Knowing that he has become author of the national anthem , our author got a little crazy, and spent time constantly singing his own song. For which he was repeatedly beaten by cellmates who took it for a mockery. However, he was lucky in another way. While his cellmates climbed the guillotine one by one, the head of the prison did not dare to send author of the national anthem and turned to the capital for instructions.

Having saved his life, he was unlucky in another. When the answer from Paris was finally received, Rouget de Lisle was already at large, since the terror ended before the answer came, and he was released under an amnesty. Slava did not find the poet. The author rushed to Paris for fame, where he made numerous attempts to claim his authorship and clear the song of amateur overdubs. All these attempts were unsuccessful. The Republic was not up to it.

A little time passed, and France experienced a new revolutionary upheaval. But this one was something special - Bonaparte came to power. Rouget de Lisle met Bonaparte's rise to power in Paris, where he wrote songs, none of which were successful. However, he was received in the salon of Josephine Beauharnais, who felt sympathy for the poor author and attached him as a music teacher at the French Embassy in Holland. Our poet, however, considered this not a very good option for his genius. Repeated attempts to attract the attention of Bonaparte himself did not bring success. The latter at that time in Italy was winning back the fruits of Suvorov's successes and he had no time for old songs with new lyrics. Herself "Marseillaise" was banned, as a reminder of the times of terror, when every blow of the guillotine was accompanied by this sweet melody. And as a reminder of the times of revolutions and upheavals. As a result Rouget de Lisle disliked Bonaparte and even openly accused him of tyranny.

Lyricist of the Marseillaise retired to his village in the Jura mountains, near the Alps, where he began to think about what is better a republic or a monarchy. The monarchists did not accept him into their ranks. It would be strange if they complained author of the revolutionary anthem . And he took up winemaking in anticipation of the return of the king.

Napoleon flew like a whirlwind, sweeping and sweeping everything across Europe and disappeared into the wilderness of the Atlantic Ocean. The Bourbons returned to France on Russian-Austrian bayonets. Our poet gladly received this news. In Paris, he presented Alexander I with a poem in his honor "To the Hero of the Century and the Pride of History!". He dedicated a number of verses to him, but the king did not mark him with his attention. Then, when the forgotten Bourbon monarchy was pulled from the dustbin of history and "restored" on the throne. Our 55-year-old poet, in order to increase the popularity of the monarch, offered his chanson with a new text. Rightly believing that the king would have unpleasant memories of his guillotined predecessor, he also suggested absolutely a new hymn called "Long Live the King!" . As well as many other essays on the topic of the day. The royal court responded to these initiatives with a ban decree "La Marseillaise" like a song evoking a reminder of the revolution.

In 1825, the All-Russian Emperor Alexander I died. The iron grip of the European gendarme weakened and a new wave of revolutions swept across Europe. The July Revolution of 1830 placed King Louis-Philippe of France on the throne, who, wanting to please his revolutionary people, restored Marseillaise as a national anthem and appointed a state pension to the poet, impoverished in winemaking. But this did not help him, finally ruined on poetry and grapes, the poet lost all his property. He was sheltered by kind people from the village of Choisy-le-Roi, where he died in 1836, completely forgotten by the whole world. At the funeral, the schoolchildren, brought by the local priest, sang official text of the Marseillaise , which Rouger de Lily during his lifetime was never able to free from other people's couplets.

Marseillaise on this, of course, not only did she not die, but rather it was after this that she began to live a full life. The devastation in the country, the consequences of revolutionary experiments and post-revolutionary restructuring and reforms brought the country to the brink and France burned with a new revolutionary fire. Fearing new revolutionary unrest, the king hastened to get rid of Marseillaise . Shortly after the death of its author, the song was banned again. However, in 1840 Hector Berlioz made a new musical arrangement and the song acquired the sound that we know and which led the French in 1848 to a new assault on the Bastille. New victory of the revolution and again Marseillaise - national anthem . The accession of Napoleon III and the song is prohibited. It was finally proclaimed National Anthem of France in 1878 after the announcement of the constitution of the Third Republic. New political upheavals in France, which led to the proclamation of the 4th and 5th republics, did not shake Marseillaise. To this day it is the anthem of France. and calls the French people to fight against tyrants for a brighter future.

current version Marseillaise consists of 6 verses, of which five belong to the pen of Claude-Joseph Rouget de Lisle and one to Antoine Pesonneau, a school teacher from Isère, who significantly supplemented the song during the passage of Marseille volunteers through his town. Music orchestrated by Berlioz, slightly modernized during the reign of Valéry Giscard de Steen. In 1996, the Rouget de Lily Museum was opened in Lons de Saunier at the expense of patrons. At the same time, the only monument to him in France was erected.

It remains to add that some researchers dispute the authorship of Rouget de Lisle in writing Marseillaise . Because in all his life he did not create any other notable work either in prose or in verse, and even more so in music. There is evidence that on the memorable night of April 25, 1792, he left to compose chanson not alone. With him was his friend Ignace Pleyel, who sang the motive Marseillaise . But this chant was also not original. Pleyel sang the march of Assyrius from Esther's oratorio, by Lucien Grison, rector of the Cathedral of Saint-Omer (Pas-de-Calais department), which suffered during the revolution. Ignace Pleyel himself, being an ardent monarchist, was soon forced to leave France and emigrate to England. Until the end of his days, he hid the fact of participation in the creation revolutionary anthem . This fact was made public by his relatives, who, however, did not claim copyright.

La Marseillaise

Allons enfants de la Patrie,
le jour de gloire est arrive
Contre nous de la tyrannie
L "etendard sanglant est leve.
L "etendard sanglant est leve:
Entendez vous dans nos campagnes
Mugir ces feroces soldats?
Qui viennent jusque dans vos bras
Egorger vos fils et vos compagnes.

Aux armes citoyens,
Formez vos bataillons.
Marchons! Marchons!
Qu "un sang impur
Abreuve nos sillons!

Que veut cette horde d "esclaves
De traitres, de rois conjures?
Pour qui ces ignobles entraves

Ces fers des longtemps prepares
Francais, pour nous, ah quel outrage,
Quel transport il doit exciter!
C "est nous qu" on ose mediter
De rendre a l "antique esclavage.

Aux armes citoyens,
Formez vos bataillons.
Marchons! Marchons!
Qu "un sang impur
Abreuve nos sillons!

Quoi! Des cohortes etrangeres
Feraient la loi dans nos foyers?
Quoi! Ces phalanges mercenaires

Terrasseraient nos fiers guerriers.
Grand Dieu! Par des mains enchainees
Nos fronts, sous le joug, se ploieraient?
De vils despotes deviendraient
Les maitres de nos destinees?

Aux armes citoyens,
Formez vos bataillons.
Marchons! Marchons!
Qu "un sang impur
Abreuve nos sillons!

Tremblez tyrans, et vous perfides
L "opprobre de tous les partis.
Tremblez, vos projets parricides

Vont enfin recevoir leur prix!
Tout est soldat pour vous combattre.
S "ils tombent nos jeunes heroes,
La terre en produit de nouveaux
Contre vous, tous prets a se battre

Aux armes citoyens,
Formez vos bataillons.
Marchons! Marchons!
Qu "un sang impur
Abreuve nos sillons!

Francais en guerriers magnanimes
Portez ou retenez vos coups.
Epargnez ces tristes victims

A regrets s "armant contre nous!
Mais ce despote sanguinaire
Mais les complices de Bouille
Tous les tigres qui sans pitie
Dechirent le sein de leur mere!

Aux armes citoyens,
Formez vos bataillons.
Marchons! Marchons!
Qu "un sang impur
Abreuve nos sillons!

Amour Sacre de la Patrie
Conduis, soutiens nos braves vengeurs.
Liberte, Liberte Cherie
Combats avec tes defenseurs
Combats avec tes defenseurs
Sous nos drapeaux, que la victoire
Accoure a tes males accents
Que tes ennemis expirants
Voient ton triomphe et nous, notre gloire.

Aux armes citoyens,
Formez vos bataillons.
Marchons! Marchons!
Qu "un sang impur
Abreuve nos sillons!

("Couplet des enfants")
nous entrerons dans la carriere
Quand nos aines n "y seront plus
Nous y trouverons leur poussiere
Et la trace de leur vertus!
Et la trace de leur vertus!
Bien moins jaloux de leur survivre
Que de partager leur cercueil.
nous aurons le sublime orgueil
De les venger ou de les suivre.

Aux armes citoyens,
Formez vos bataillons.
Marchons! Marchons!
Qu "un sang impur
Abreuve nos sillons!