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Minas Gerais - Minas Gerais is the second most populous and fourth largest state in Brazil, larger in area than France. The capital of the state is Belo Horizonte (translated from Portuguese as “Beautiful Horizon”) - a large city, the industrial center of the entire state. The state's historic towns - such as Ouro Preto, Diamantina, Mariana, Barbacena, São Joao del Rei - experienced a rise during the gold and diamond rushes and a very dramatic decline when the mines dried up. Nowadays, these cities have become the main attraction of the state with their houses in the purely Brazilian Baroque Mineiro style. Filled with small colonial towns, Minas Gerais is set in a stunning, hilly landscape. The UNESCO World Heritage Sites Congonhas, Ouro Preto and Diamantina are located here. The pastoral countryside and unspoiled nature are stunning, and virtually all wildlife is protected in national parks and reserves. Several of the state's mining towns line the popular Estrada Real tourist route (once Brazil's first major road). The most famous city is Oru Petru, which was named after the “black gold” found in these parts at the end of the 17th century. It was discovered by pioneers (bandeirants) who explored the vast territories of Minas, wanting to find slaves. Their finds marked the beginning of the “gold rush” era, and new discoveries by the middle of the 18th century. transformed poor mining settlements into developing cities. Now Tiradentes, Diamantina, Ouro Preto, Congonhas, Mariana and São João del Rey boast the best Baroque churches on the entire continent. The picturesque parks are home to the maned wolf and various species of local birds and plants. Serra da Canastra and Serra do Cipo are located on the plateau of the Brazilian Shield. It is here that the tropical savannah (cerrada) cuts through several rivers, forming the highest waterfalls in the world along the edges of the mesas (mesetas).
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- Review to This was my second trip to Brazil to visit a friend I met many years ago at a language school in the UK. Since she lives on the outskirts of Belo Horizonte, all our trips were to the sights of the state of Minas Gerais. I also managed to fly to Rio for a couple of days, but due to great “luck”, on those days the weather was cloudy, rainy and + 25-27 degrees, so I had to while away the time in shops and restaurants. This country is amazing - bright, lively, temperamental... February 4, 2011
- Review of Photo 49 Brasil - Minas Gerais Brazilian homemade breakfast. February 8, 2011
- Review of Photo 48 Brasil - Minas Gerais In a bakery/pastry shop. Extraordinary Brazilian pastries. February 8, 2011
- Review of Photo 41 Brazil - Minas Gerais Janet Cardiff, Forty Part Motet, 2001, sound installation in 40 channels, sung by Cathedral of Salisbury choir Thomas Tallis, English composer of the sixteenth century, wrote Spem in Alium nunquam habui, a choral work for eight choirs of five voices, to celebrate the birthday of Queen Elizabeth I in 1575. The piece deals with transcendence and humility, both important issues to the Catholic composer during a time when the Catholic faith was suppressed by the Sovereignty of England. It is famous... February 8, 2011
- Review of Photo 34 Brasil - Minas Gerais February 8, 2011
- Review of Photo 40 Brasil - Minas Gerais Inhotim - Composition True Rouge, 1997 (Tunga) February 8, 2011
- Review of Photo 36 Brasil - Minas Gerais Inhotim is a unique place that presents a huge ensemble of works of art in the open air, as well as in temporary and permanent galleries. All of them are located inside the Botanical Garden, which owes its extraordinary beauty to the famous architect and landscape designer Roberto Burle Marx (1909-1994). Rare plant species are dispersed in an aesthetically pleasing manner throughout the garden, which also boasts five lakes and a preserved... February 8, 2011
The waterfall park is located eighteen kilometers from the city of Santa Rita do Itueto. It is a special national natural complex where you can learn the history of those places, see exotic and wild animals, or just take a break from the bustle of the city.
The park contains dense and green forests, fabulous meadows with flowers, meadows, as well as the main value of the park - seven waterfalls.
By the way, visitors to the park will not only be able to listen to the legends about each of the waterfalls, but also swim in some of them.
Cathedral of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
The Cathedral of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary is a Catholic church located in the state of Minas Gerais, in the city of Mariana.
The parish of the church was founded in 1704. At that time there was a small chapel here. Construction of the temple began in 1711; in subsequent years it was expanded and restored.
The cathedral has two altars dedicated to Our Lady of the Ros Rio and St. Michael. They were created by the Portuguese engraver Francisco Vieira Servas. The panel depicting the Baptism of Jesus Christ was made by Manoel da Costa Atha de. In 1753, the cathedral received a gift from King D. Jos I of an organ manufactured in Hamburg in the 18th century. It is the only German-made organ located outside Europe.
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Church of Saint Francis of Assisi
The Catholic Church of St. Francis of Assisi was founded in 1943 and is a magnificent example of Brazilian modernism. The temple is located in Pampulha, an administrative district of the city of Belo Horizonte, in Minas Gerais.
The construction of the architectural structure began near the lake of the same name in 1940. The initiator and leader of the project was Juscelino Kubitschek, the mayor of the city and the future president of the country. The reinforced concrete church stands in an amazingly beautiful place - surrounded by a garden designed by Burle-Marx.
Due to the unusual figurative and abstract paintings inside the temple and the hammer and sickle shape of the building, controversy arose, and as a result, it was forbidden to hold services in the church. Attempts to destroy the temple were repeatedly thwarted, and subsequently the church became the property of the National Department. Following the restoration of the church in 1958, it was consecrated by the bishop of the Archdiocese of Belo Horizonte in April of the following year.
Tancredo Neves International Airport is the main airport of the state of Minas Gerais, located 30 kilometers from the city of Belo Horizonte. It is currently the busiest and largest airport in Brazil. It is also known as one of the most beautiful and equipped airports in Latin America.
According to statistics from 2009, Tancredo Neves Airport had a capacity of 5,617,171 people and 70,122 air movements, making it the 6th busiest airport in the country. It was founded in the early 1980s by Infraero. The total cost of construction was estimated at $1.2 billion Brazilian reals.
The technical base of the airport includes two fairly large runways, a hangar, three waiting rooms and a weather station. Also on its territory there are shops, restaurants, pharmacies and parking. It is planned to soon increase the number of check-in counters from 35 to 45 and expand the total area of the complex.
Bom Jesus Sanctuary
The Church of Bom Jesus, built in the second half of the 18th century, consists of a temple with a magnificent Rococo interior, an open staircase with statues of prophets and seven chapels built in a magnificent style.
This sanctuary was created by a Portuguese immigrant who was miraculously healed from a serious illness. Situated in the lush natural surroundings of the Brazilian Highlands, this sanctuary is an integral part of a landscape that harmoniously combines nature, man and divinity.
The Bom Jesus Church was modeled after a sanctuary located near the Portuguese city of Porto. The most famous Brazilian artists and artisans of that time worked on the church.
Natural area of Garimpo Real
Garimpo Rial is a natural area located 9 kilometers from Diamantina. Here you can enjoy a real adventure - searching for diamonds.
Probably everyone at some point wanted to feel like a real treasure hunter, get in touch with nature and expect miracles from it. Garimpo Rial provides this opportunity to everyone. You can register to participate in the program on the official Garimpo Real website.
By signing up as participants, tourists will be able to learn useful information about the production and quality of diamonds, how they are mined, and also try their hand at finding jewelry. You can get to the area from Diamantina by any vehicle in 15 minutes. This natural area is loved by not only travelers, but also local residents, as it is considered one of the most picturesque and best for health.
Padre Toledo Museum
The Padre Toledo Museum was the home of the Padre Toledo priest in 1788 and was a meeting place for supporters of the Mineira Inconfidence movement, a conspiracy against Portuguese colonial rule.
The priest of Toledo was one of the few clergy who supported the struggle for Brazilian independence. In total, the conspirators included 34 people, most of whom were representatives of the intelligentsia.
House Toledo was built in the mid-18th century. Having visited it, you can see all fourteen rooms with painted ceilings in the Rococo style, a valuable collection of furniture of that time, as well as a collection of paintings and things, most of which belonged to the owner of the house.
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Cave Gruta Casa de Pedra
The Gruta Casa de Pedra cave is the largest cave in the world and is located in the Alto Ribeira region.
The cave, 2930 meters long and 172 meters high, is one of the favorite places to visit among ecotourists. “House of Stone” - this is how the name of the cave is translated - has long ornate galleries, which, intersecting with each other, form entire labyrinths, most of which are completely hidden in the darkness.
The cave is striking in its beauty: inside you can see stalagmites, stalactites and even stone columns that are more than 100 years old. In addition to the bizarre stone sculptures of nature, you can see living inhabitants here - many bats have settled in the cave.
The most popular attractions in Minas Gerais with descriptions and photographs for every taste. Choose the best places to visit famous places in Minas Gerais on our website.
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10,012 (10th)
19,597,330 people (2nd place)
Minas Gerais is the second most populous and fourth largest state in Brazil.
The state's name means "main mines" in Portuguese.
Geography
The state is located in the eastern, highest, part of the Brazilian Plateau and has no access to the Atlantic Ocean. More than 90% of the state's territory is at an altitude of more than 300 m, of which about 25% lies at an altitude of 600-1500 m, making Minas Gerais the highest state in Brazil.
The eastern part of the state is occupied by the Atlantic forests; in the northern regions there are caatingas, characterized by a dry climate. The rest of the state is dominated by cerrado, a dense, low-growing shrubland.
Story
The territory of Minas Gerais attracted attention in the 18th century, when deposits of gold, precious stones and diamonds were discovered here.
The first capital of Minas Gerais was the city of Mariana; later the capital was moved to the city of Vila Rica (Ouro Preto), which over time became one of the largest cities in South America. But by the end of the 19th century, supplies of raw materials were depleted, and the city lost its importance. Belo Horizonte, which grew rapidly in the 20th century, became the new capital.
In 1789, a conspiracy of inconfidents fighting for Brazilian independence was discovered in Minas Gerais.
Population
The state's population is primarily a mixture of various peoples, including descendants of slaves from Africa, as well as the Portuguese.
During colonial times, the state's population was divided into five major ethnic groups. The main ethnic group were whites - descendants of immigrants from European countries. Africans often did not have surnames, and were usually known by their regions of origin. For example, Francisco Benguela is a person born in Benguela. And Criolus (Creoles) were called blacks who were born in Brazil, but their parents (or one of the parents) came from Africa. Mulattoes were the third major ethnic group - a population of mixed African-European origin, that is, descendants from unions of Africans with Europeans. Beregu is a group of mixed origin with a high admixture of Indian blood. The Indians suffered greatly from diseases brought by European colonists, and only a small number of them remained in southern Brazil.
The ethnic composition of the state varies from city to city. The southern regions of Minas Gerais have the largest percentage of white population in Brazil: in the city of Corrego do Bon Jesus, 98.7% of residents are of European origin. And in the city of Setubinha, 71% of the population are mestizos and mulattoes, and more than 14% are Africans. Since the beginning of the colonization of Brazil, blacks, mestizos and mulattoes predominated in Minas Gerais, but since the 19th century, migrants from Europe began to arrive in large numbers in the region. The white population grew rapidly until the 1960s. The reasons for this rapid growth were the economic crisis, wars and revolutions in European countries, as well as the high mortality rate among African slaves. In addition, the government's goals were to increase the white population and reduce the black population. However, from the beginning of the 1960s, the proportion (but not the number) of whites began to decline due to the mass migration of blacks, mestizos and mulattoes from the northern states of the country. In addition, the rate of migration from Europe has noticeably decreased. Since the 1960s, there has been a decline in the proportion of the white population, as well as an increase in the proportion of groups of mixed and black origin.
As a result, the racial composition of the state's population is presented as follows:
- whites (mostly descendants of Portuguese settlers, as well as other Caucasians (Italians, Germans, Spaniards, Jews and Arabs)) - 53.6%;
- mestizos and mulattoes - 37.6%;
Administrative structure
Administratively, the state is divided into 12 mesoregions and 66 microregions. There are 853 municipalities in the state.
Economy
Minas Gerais is the main mining base of Brazil; gold and diamonds, bauxite, graphite, nickel, as well as iron, manganese and uranium ore are mined here.
The state has developed livestock farming and agriculture: coffee, sugar cane, citrus fruits, tobacco, grains and other food crops are grown.
Now Minas Gerais is one of the most economically developed and densely populated states in Brazil.
Flag
The flag of the state of Minas Gerais is the oldest among all the flags created by the Brazilians themselves: it was a project of the national flag of the Brazilian independence fighters, but in 1963 it became just a state flag.
The phrase depicted on the flag, "Libertas quæ sera tamen", translated from Latin means: "Freedom, even if not immediately."
Sport
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Rastopchin, without answering a word, stood up and quickly walked into his luxurious, bright living room, walked up to the balcony door, grabbed the handle, left it and moved to the window, from which the whole crowd could be seen more clearly. A tall fellow stood in the front rows and with a stern face, waving his hand, said something. The bloody blacksmith stood next to him with a gloomy look. The hum of voices could be heard through the closed windows.- Is the crew ready? - said Rastopchin, moving away from the window.
“Ready, your Excellency,” said the adjutant.
Rastopchin again approached the balcony door.
- What do they want? – he asked the police chief.
- Your Excellency, they say that they were going to go against the French on your orders, they shouted something about treason. But a violent crowd, your Excellency. I left by force. Your Excellency, I dare to suggest...
“If you please, go, I know what to do without you,” Rostopchin shouted angrily. He stood at the balcony door, looking out at the crowd. “This is what they did to Russia! This is what they did to me!” - thought Rostopchin, feeling an uncontrollable anger rising in his soul against someone who could be attributed to the cause of everything that happened. As often happens with hot-tempered people, anger was already possessing him, but he was looking for another subject for it. “La voila la populace, la lie du peuple,” he thought, looking at the crowd, “la plebe qu"ils ont soulevee par leur sottise. Il leur faut une victime, [“Here he is, people, these scum of the population, the plebeians, whom they raised with their stupidity! They need a victim."] - it occurred to him, looking at the tall fellow waving his hand. And for the same reason it came to his mind that he himself needed this victim, this object for his anger.
- Is the crew ready? – he asked another time.
- Ready, Your Excellency. What do you order about Vereshchagin? “He’s waiting at the porch,” answered the adjutant.
- A! - Rostopchin cried out, as if struck by some unexpected memory.
And, quickly opening the door, he stepped out onto the balcony with decisive steps. The conversation suddenly stopped, hats and caps were taken off, and all eyes rose to the count who had come out.
- Hello guys! - the count said quickly and loudly. - Thank you for coming. I’ll come out to you now, but first of all we need to deal with the villain. We need to punish the villain who killed Moscow. Wait for me! “And the count just as quickly returned to his chambers, slamming the door firmly.
A murmur of pleasure ran through the crowd. “That means he will control all the villains! And you say French... he’ll give you the whole distance!” - people said, as if reproaching each other for their lack of faith.
A few minutes later an officer hurriedly came out of the front doors, ordered something, and the dragoons stood up. The crowd from the balcony eagerly moved towards the porch. Walking out onto the porch with angry, quick steps, Rostopchin hurriedly looked around him, as if looking for someone.
- Where is he? - said the count, and at the same moment as he said this, he saw from around the corner of the house coming out between two dragoons a young man with a long thin neck, with his head half shaved and overgrown. This young man was dressed in what had once been a dandyish, blue cloth-covered, shabby fox sheepskin coat and dirty prisoner's harem trousers, stuffed into uncleaned, worn-out thin boots. Shackles hung heavily on his thin, weak legs, making it difficult for the young man to walk indecisively.
- A! - said Rastopchin, hastily turning his gaze away from the young man in the fox sheepskin coat and pointing to the bottom step of the porch. - Put it here! “The young man, clanking his shackles, stepped heavily onto the indicated step, holding the collar of his sheepskin coat that was pressing with his finger, turned his long neck twice and, sighing, folded his thin, non-working hands in front of his stomach with a submissive gesture.
Silence continued for several seconds while the young man positioned himself on the step. Only in the back rows of people squeezing into one place were groans, groans, tremors and the tramp of moving feet heard.
Rastopchin, waiting for him to stop at the indicated place, frowned and rubbed his face with his hand.
- Guys! - said Rastopchin in a metallic ringing voice, - this man, Vereshchagin, is the same scoundrel from whom Moscow perished.
A young man in a fox sheepskin coat stood in a submissive pose, clasping his hands together in front of his stomach and bending slightly. His emaciated, hopeless expression, disfigured by his shaved head, was downcast. At the first words of the count, he slowly raised his head and looked down at the count, as if wanting to tell him something or at least meet his gaze. But Rastopchin did not look at him. On the young man’s long thin neck, like a rope, the vein behind the ear became tense and turned blue, and suddenly his face turned red.
All eyes were fixed on him. He looked at the crowd, and, as if encouraged by the expression that he read on the faces of the people, he smiled sadly and timidly and, again lowering his head, adjusted his feet on the step.
“He betrayed his tsar and his fatherland, he handed himself over to Bonaparte, he alone of all Russians disgraced the name of the Russian, and Moscow is perishing from him,” said Rastopchin in an even, sharp voice; but suddenly he quickly looked down at Vereshchagin, who continued to stand in the same submissive pose. As if this look had exploded him, he, raising his hand, almost shouted, turning to the people: “Deal with him with your judgment!” I'm giving it to you!
The people were silent and only pressed each other closer and closer. Holding each other, breathing in this infected stuffiness, not having the strength to move and waiting for something unknown, incomprehensible and terrible became unbearable. The people standing in the front rows, who saw and heard everything that was happening in front of them, all with fearfully wide-open eyes and open mouths, straining all their strength, held back the pressure of those behind them on their backs.
- Beat him!.. Let the traitor die and not disgrace the name of the Russian! - shouted Rastopchin. - Ruby! I order! - Hearing not words, but the angry sounds of Rastopchin’s voice, the crowd groaned and moved forward, but stopped again.
“Count!..” said Vereshchagin’s timid and at the same time theatrical voice amidst the momentary silence that ensued again. “Count, one god is above us...” said Vereshchagin, raising his head, and again the thick vein on his thin neck filled with blood, and the color quickly appeared and ran away from his face. He didn't finish what he wanted to say.
- Chop him! I order!.. - shouted Rastopchin, suddenly turning pale just like Vereshchagin.
- Sabers out! - the officer shouted to the dragoons, drawing his saber himself.
Another even stronger wave swept through the people, and, reaching the front rows, this wave moved the front rows, staggering, and brought them to the very steps of the porch. A tall fellow, with a petrified expression on his face and a stopped raised hand, stood next to Vereshchagin.
- Ruby! - Almost an officer whispered to the dragoons, and one of the soldiers suddenly, with his face distorted with anger, hit Vereshchagin on the head with a blunt broadsword.
Minas Gerais (port. Minas Gerais) is a state in eastern Brazil. It borders the states of Bahia in the north, Espirito Santo and Rio de Janeiro in the east, São Paulo in the south, Mato Grosso do Sul and Goiás in the west; also has a small border with the Federal District in the northwest. The administrative center is the city of Belo Horizonte. Minas Gerais is the second most populous and fourth largest state in Brazil. The state's name means "main mines" in Portuguese.
Geography
The state is located in the eastern, highest, part of the Brazilian Plateau and has no access to the Atlantic Ocean. More than 90% of the state's territory lies at an altitude of more than 300 m, of which about 25% lies at an altitude of 600-1500 m, making Minas Gerais the highest state in Brazil. The eastern part of the state is occupied by the Atlantic forests; in the northern regions there are caatingas, characterized by a dry climate. The rest of the state is dominated by cerrado trees - dense, low-growing shrubs.
The territory of Minas Gerais attracted attention in the 18th century, when deposits of gold, precious stones and diamonds were discovered here. The first capital of Minas Gerais was the city of Mariana; later the capital was moved to the city of Vila Rica (Ouro Preto), which over time became one of the largest cities in South America. But by the end of the 19th century, supplies of raw materials were depleted, and the city lost its importance. Belo Horizonte, which quickly grew in the 20th century, became the new capital. In 1789, a conspiracy of infidels fighting for Brazilian independence was discovered in Minas Gerais.
Population
The state's population is primarily a mixture of different peoples, including descendants of slaves from Africa, as well as the Portuguese. During colonial times, the state's population was divided into five major ethnic groups. The main ethnic group were whites - descendants of immigrants from European countries. Africans often did not have surnames, and were usually known by their regions of origin. For example, Francisco Benguela is a person born in Benguela. And Criolus (Creoles) were called blacks who were born in Brazil, but their parents (or one of the parents) came from Africa. Mulattoes were the third major ethnic group - a population of mixed African-European origin, that is, descendants from unions of Africans with Europeans. Beregu is a group of mixed origin with a high admixture of Indian blood. The Indians suffered greatly from diseases brought by European colonists, and only a small number of them remained in southern Brazil. The ethnic composition of the state varies from city to city. The southern regions of Minas Gerais have the largest percentage of white population in Brazil: in the city of Corrego do Bon Jesus, 98.7% of residents are of European origin. And in the city of Setubinha, 71% of the population are mestizos and mulattoes, and more than 14% are Africans. Since the beginning of the colonization of Brazil, blacks, mestizos and mulattoes predominated in Minas Gerais, but since the 19th century, migrants from Europe began to arrive in large numbers in the region. The number of whites was growing rapidly...
Minas Gerais
("Minas Gerais")
battleship (Brazil)
Type: armadillo (Brazil).
Displacement: 21540 tons.
Dimensions: 165.8 m x 25.3 m x 8.5 m.
Power point: two-shaft, vertical triple expansion steam engines.
Maximum speed: 21 knots.
Weapons: twenty-two 120 mm (4.7"), twelve 305 mm (12") guns.
Launched: September 1908
Minas Gerais was originally designed as a pre-dreadnought battleship. Created in response to the powerful ships being built at that time for Chile. Her design was later modified, allowing the ship to go down in history as the first powerful dreadnought built for a small fleet. Assembled in Britain in 1910. Modernized in the USA in 1923, in 1934-1937. re-modernized in Brazilian shipyards. Scrapped in 1954
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"Minas Gerais (Minas Gerais)" in books
State of Minas Gerais
From the book Brazil author Maria Sigalova
State of Minas Gerais In Minas Gerais, the bandeirantes discovered what they most desired - a lot of gold. Since those times, the most beautiful towns of the country have been preserved with their luxurious Baroque churches abounding in gold, sidewalks paved with ancient stone,