Church of the Blessed Maxim on Varvarka schedule of services. Church of Maxim the Confessor on Varvarka. Fight for life

The temple was built in 1698-99 and included part of the temple of the same name built in 1568, which was a coop. instead of a wooden one in the name of St. Boris and Gleb (second half of the 14th century, in 1434 the Moscow holy fool, St. Maxim the Blessed, was buried there, in whose name the throne was established, and the temple received a second name). The main altar is St. St. Maximus the Blessed, from the south (right) the chapel of St. Maximus the Confessor (prominent church figure of the 6th-7th centuries). After the fire of 1737, it was thoroughly renovated in the Baroque style. In 1827-29, instead of the previous, dismantled belfry, a building was built. a new, two-tier bell tower (the upper one is the belfry, the lower one is the entrance to the temple) in the Empire style.

Pillarless, rectangular in plan, double-height, with a light drum and a bulbous dome above the central altar and a dome above the vaulted, single-pillar refectory. Three-apsid ground floor (high basement) in the 17th-18th centuries. served as a storage place for citizens' property during fires and disasters. Facade with wide window openings and false windows. Central altar with closed vault. South the aisle is combined with the refectory. Fragments of painting from the 18th-19th centuries have been preserved in the temple and refectory. and two white stone mortgage boards. Internal window slopes with corners beveled at the top are a technique rarely found in Russian architecture of the 17th-18th centuries. The bell tower consists of two tiers decreasing upward with a dome topped with a spire.

At the end of the 1920s, the regent of the temple was the monk Platon (Izvekov, in 1971-90 - His Holiness Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus' Pimen).

In the 1930s closed. Was ruined. He was beheaded. In 1965-69. was restored. Since 1970 - under the jurisdiction of the All-Russian Society for Nature Conservation.

In 1991 it was returned to believers. Worship services resumed after 1994.

Temple of St. Maxim the Blessed (Maxim the Confessor) on Varvarka in Moscow - description, coordinates, photographs, reviews and the ability to find this place in Moscow (Russia). Find out where it is, how to get there, see what's interesting around it. Check out other places on our interactive map for more detailed information. Get to know the world better.

Cathedrals No. 3473 – St. Maxim the Confessor (St. Maxim the Blessed) on Varvarka, church

Temples of Russia No. 926 – Church of St. Maxim the Blessed on Varvarka (Church of St. Maxim the Confessor on Varvarka, 2nd half of the 14th century)

The chapel of St. Maxim the Blessed was built at the existing wooden Boris and Gleb Church after 1434. The new stone church, built in 1568, is in the name of Maxim the Confessor. The modern church was built in 1698-99. The main altar of St. Maximus the Blessed, the chapel of St. Maximus the Confessor. Bell tower 1827-29 Closed no earlier than 1929. Divine services were resumed after 1994 and are held on holidays.

It is known that in the second half of the 14th century a wooden church of Saints Boris and Gleb stood on this site. After 1434, after the death of the famous Moscow jurist Maxim the Blessed, a chapel was built here in the name of his heavenly patron - Saint Maxim the Confessor. The main temple still stood in wood, but in the 16th century it was rebuilt in stone just north of the old Boris and Gleb Church.

Therefore, there are several versions of scientists about this. The first says that the construction of the chapel entailed the construction of a stone temple, and that this happened at the beginning of the 16th century, when the Sourozh merchant-guest Vasily Bobr and his brethren, who had a courtyard here, donated funds for it. At the same time, these merchants contributed a large sum for the construction of the neighboring stone church of St. Barbara. According to the second version, the stone church of Maxim the Confessor appeared after 1547, that is, after the discovery of the relics of Maxim the Blessed. Supporters of the third version claim that the wooden church of Boris and Gleb burned down only in 1568, and then a new stone one was built, consecrated in the name of Maxim the Confessor, “on the Barbarian sacrum.” One way or another, it is reliably known that in 1568 there was already a stone church with a main altar in the name of Maxim the Confessor and a chapel of Boris and Gleb. So it stood for more than a century, until Tsarina Natalya Kirillovna Naryshkina took part in its fate. It is traditionally believed that the stone church burned down in 1676 and Natalia Kirillovna ordered it to be renovated at her cost in memory of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, who died in January of the same year. The famous Moscow scholar Sergei Romanyuk points out that the renovation of the temple took place earlier, namely in 1672, the year after the wedding of the Quiet Sovereign with Naryshkina.

However, the last point in the history of its construction was set at the very end of the 17th century after the death of Natalia Kirillovna. In 1698, two wealthy merchant-guests Maxim Sharovnikov from Kostroma and Maxim Verkhovitinov from Moscow, in honor of their heavenly patrons, built a new stone church on Varvarka, which has survived to this day, with a main altar in the name of St. Maxim the Blessed and with a southern aisle in the name of St. Maxim Confessor - that’s why the temple has two names. The main thing is that when the old church was dismantled, the relics of Blessed Maxim, which had been sleeping under a bushel, were rediscovered. During construction they were placed in another temple, and then they were transferred back and reverently placed in a silver shrine under a canopy.

There is a version that the temple builders imitated the Filatiev merchants and their temple of St. Nicholas the Great Cross. In the new temple, a huge basement was also built - a notable feature of Chinese city trading temples - for storing goods and property of ordinary Muscovites, primarily parishioners, in case of fire or war.

In 1737, in the notorious Trinity Fire, which destroyed half of central Moscow and the Kremlin Tsar Bell, the Cathedral of St. Maximus the Blessed also burned down. It was restored in the Baroque style, unusual for the old Moscow appearance of Kitay-Gorod. But in 1812, both the temple and its parish heroically survived. He was one of the few who acted even on the most menacing autumn days, when Napoleon’s army was rampaging in Moscow. Priest Ignatius Ivanov did not leave his church and parishioners, continuing to perform divine services, for which, after the victory, at the request of the Governor General of Moscow, Count F.F. Rostopchina was awarded the pectoral cross. The fact that services were held in the temple indicates that it was not badly damaged - it was impossible to hold services in desecrated or dilapidated churches. In 1827, the temple had a new empire-style bell tower with a spire - either St. Petersburg or Moscow.

After the revolution, the Cathedral of St. Maximus the Blessed not only did not close for a long time, but also managed to write another page in its history. At the end of the 1920s, the regent in this temple was the young monk Platon (Izvekov) - the future His Holiness Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus' Pimen. Once, at an all-night vigil on the eve of the patronal feast of 1926, the artist Pavel Korin saw him in this church and made a portrait sketch of him for his epic painting “Departing Rus'.” In the 1930s, the temple was closed, beheaded and destroyed. According to the Stalinist reconstruction plan, it was subject to demolition, like all the houses standing on the right southern side of the street. And only the death of Stalin stopped this grandiose plan. Inside there is the Mosremchas factory management, where watches are repaired under warranty.

Restoration of the Cathedral of St. Maximus the Blessed began in 1965. Under the leadership of architect S.S. Podyapolsky restored the chapters, crowned them with gilded crosses, repaired the building and handed it over to the All-Russian Society for Nature Conservation for holding exhibitions. The exhibition hall was located there until recently, when the temple was given to believers by a decision of the Moscow City Council in 1991. Services there began only after 1994. The temple is part of the Patriarchal Metochion in Kitai-Gorod.

Based on materials from the site http://www.pravoslavie.ru

The temple bears the name of a famous at the beginning of the 16th century. Moscow Blessed Maxim. He was buried in 1434 on Varvarka near the church, which was formerly called the Church of Boris and Gleb. In 1547, Blessed Maxim was canonized. At the end of the 17th century. After the fire, a new stone church of St. Maximus the Confessor was erected, its main chapel was consecrated in honor of St. Blessed Maximus. The church was heavily damaged during the fire of Moscow in 1676 and after that it was renovated by Tsarina Natalya Kirillovna Naryshkina, the mother of Peter I.

The new temple building, built in 1698-1699. with the money of merchants M. Sharovnikov from Kostroma and M. Verkhovitinov from Moscow, it included part of the temple of the same name built in 1568. After the fire of 1737, the temple was thoroughly renovated in the Baroque style, unusual for the old Moscow appearance of Kitay-Gorod. In 1827-1829 Instead of the previous belfry, a new, two-tier bell tower in the Empire style was erected. It consists of two tiers decreasing upward with a dome topped with a spire. The bell tower was dismantled back in 1757, at the request of the architect Yakovlev, because gave a significant list and was close to falling. In the 19th century the bell tower was rebuilt.

The temple is pillarless, rectangular in plan, double-height, with a light drum and a bulbous dome above the central altar and a dome above the vaulted, single-pillar refectory. Three-apse ground floor in the 17th-18th centuries. served as a storage place for citizens' property during fires and disasters. Facade with wide window openings and false windows. Central altar with closed vault. The southern aisle is combined with the refectory. Internal window slopes with corners beveled at the top are a technique rarely found in Russian architecture of the 17th-18th centuries.

Fragments of painting from the 18th-19th centuries have been preserved in the temple and refectory. and two white stone mortgage boards. “On Varvarsky Sacrum, on Varvara Mountain, on Varskaya, then Varvarskaya Street - the Church of the Holy Great Martyr Barbara, stone...”

One of the ancient names of the street is Vsesvyatskaya - after the Church of All Saints on Kulishki, built, according to legend, by Dmitry Donskoy in 1380, in memory of the soldiers who died on the Kulikovo Field. Sometimes the street was called Varskaya, Varvarsky Bridge, Bolshaya Mostovaya Street. In ancient times, healers and healers sold medicinal herbs and roots here, people came here to “speak” toothache... Believers went to Varvarka to venerate the image of the holy Great Martyr Barbara.

http://forum.optina.ru/blog/

The Church of St. Maximus the Blessed on Varvarka with the chapel of St. Maximus the Confessor, the walls, except that the rafters on the chapel were burnt, the iconostases and holy icons are intact, some utensils were robbed, and some are intact. In it, the chapel is consecrated and worship is performed. There are 5 parish yards, burned.

Priest Ignatius Ivanov, his own stone house was burned; sexton Fyodor Afanasyev and sexton Ivan Mikhailov did not have their own houses, but lived and live under the church in tents.

Skvortsov N.A. "Materials for the history of churches of the Moscow diocese during the war of 1812." Issue 1. Moscow, “Russian Printing House”. Sadovo-Triumfalnaya, 1911

In the Northern Urals there is a marvelously beautiful temple of Maxim the Confessor (Krasnoturinsk). This five-domed beautiful building is often compared to a heavenly ship with its golden domes soaring upward. It was consecrated in honor of the theologian and philosopher who lived in the 6th-7th centuries, first in Byzantium, and then in Colchis. The voices of the church bells, with their sonorous and powerful singing, call parishioners to the service. Like many churches in our country, it has known years of prosperity, experienced difficult times and, finally, a period of revival. But first things first.

Wooden cemetery church

Back in the 18th century, there were mining mines in these parts, founded by the merchant Maxim Pokhodyashin. Over time, his son, wanting to perpetuate the memory of his father, built a wooden church at the local cemetery, which in 1787 was consecrated in honor of St. Maximus the Confessor, his father’s heavenly patron. From a cemetery church gradually turned into a parish church and served God and people until it was destroyed by fire in 1829.

As a result of such a misfortune, local residents found themselves practically without spiritual nourishment. In 1842, the chief manager of the mines, M.I. Protasov wrote to the highest authorities about his extreme concern for the moral state of local residents. This is not surprising - a significant percentage of them were former convicts, who, after many years spent in prison, settled in the surrounding villages. Protasov saw a way out of this situation in the construction of a large stone temple on the site of the burnt church, a visit to which would have a beneficial effect on the former convicts.

Beginning of construction of a stone temple

Two years later, after all the bureaucratic delays had been completed, the foundation of the Church of Maximus the Confessor was finally laid. Krasnoturinsk is still a small town today, but in those days it was just the center of settlements formed by two mining plants - Goroblagodatsky and Bogoslovsky.

Its distance from the capital was one of the reasons that slowed down the pace of construction. Only the personal intervention of the President of the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, the Duke of Leuchtenberg, gave impetus to the work.

The main contractor was identified. It was the merchant of the third guild S. Yakovlev. But the work was directly supervised by the serf Nikandr Trukhin. Without any education and relying only on experience, ingenuity and common sense, this folk nugget erected a temple, which during the years of the fight against God they could not destroy even with explosives - the masonry turned out to be so strong. They worked conscientiously, they knew that they were trying for God. If you screw up, you’ll have to answer in the next world. The Church of St. Maximus the Confessor was built in the Byzantine style according to the design of the architect A. Delusto.

The work of capital craftsmen

Meanwhile, in the capital, they were creating an iconostasis for the future cathedral. The artist A. Maksimov and the architect G. Ponomarev, together with the carver I. Vladimirov, began to manufacture it. The work was carried out according to a previously approved project, however, the performers were left with wide scope for creativity. Finally, the iconostasis, completed in 1851, and other icons arrived in the Urals. The following year, the Church of Maxim the Confessor in Krasnoturinsk was solemnly consecrated.

The icons for the temple were painted by the St. Petersburg artist A. Maksimov. The opinion prevailing among city residents that their authorship belongs to Italian masters is completely unfair. This misconception is caused by the fact that Maksimov, being a student of the famous K. Bryullov, lived and worked with his teacher in Italy for thirteen years. The altarpiece of the Crucifixion of Jesus Christ also belongs to his brush.

For many years, the temple was the center of religious life in the Turinsky mines. His educational work continued until 1934. By the decision of the local village council, the Church of Maxim the Confessor (Krasnoturinsk) was closed.

After long and unsuccessful attempts to blow up the building, it was decided to hand it over to economic authorities for use at their discretion. At first there was an NKVD warehouse there, and over time it was rebuilt and a cinema was opened.

Restoration of the temple

Only in 1995, by decision of the City Duma, the Church of Maxim the Confessor (Krasnoturinsk) was returned to the parishioners. Despite the inconveniences associated with reconstruction and restoration work, divine services began immediately there. The choir of singers, created by the parishioners, thanks to the high professionalism of its leader, Mother Tatyana, immediately began to attract attention with the coherence and beauty of its sound.

More than one and a half centuries have passed since the first stone was laid in the foundation of the temple. They contained entire eras from the life of the country. Since those long ago, everything around has changed beyond recognition. But, according to the words, God is the same at all times, just like His holy temples, having survived hard times, still raise their domes to the sky. And just like many years ago, the Church of Maxim the Confessor (Krasnoturinsk) calls pilgrims with its bell ringing.

Church of St. Maxim the Blessed on Varvarka

Varvarka, then st. Razin, since 1990 again Varvarka, 4

"The original church with the main altar of Boris and Gleb stood here, probably from the second half of the 14th century (judging by archaeological data, to the south of the existing one) and appeared, apparently, as a house church of the rich estate of merchants-surozhans. In 1434 there was The Moscow holy fool Maxim the Blessed was buried, in whose honor a chapel was built, and the church received a second name, which became more popular."

“Before the current church, there was a stone temple here from 1568, which in turn was built on the site of a wooden temple from the early 15th century. The existing church is thus the third built on this site. The wooden temple was named in the name of Boris and Gleb. was first mentioned in the chronicle in 1434 in connection with the burial of the holy fool Maxim, famous in Moscow: “On November 12, the servant of God Maxim, who was ugly for Christ’s sake, reposed and was laid to rest with Boris and Gleb on Varvarskaya Street, behind the market, and was buried by a certain the faithful husband Fyodor Kochkin." The courtyard of Fyodor Kochkin at one time served as a landmark for the church: for example, in a charter of 1460 it is called "at Kochkin's courtyard." The stone church of 1568 had a different name - Maxim the Confessor, a prominent figure in the church of the 6th-7th centuries. , and the name "Boris and Gleb" passed to the chapel of the church. The existing church of 1698-1699 has a third name - St. Maxim the Blessed - in honor of the holy fool mentioned above. The existing bell tower was built in 1827 to replace the dismantled old one; it consists of two tiers, the upper one is the belfry, the lower one is the entrance to the temple. The architecture of the church has features typical of a temple of the late 17th century."

"The main altar of St. Maximus the Blessed, the chapel of St. Maximus the Confessor was added in 1699." from South.

"...October 206, 21... The newly built Church of Maximus the Confessor, on the Varvarsky Sacrum..." At the very end of the 17th century. two wealthy merchant guests - Kostroma Maxim Sharovnikov and Moscow Maxim Verkhovitinov - built a new church building instead of the previous one. It was consecrated at the beginning of 1698 (according to the old calendar, 7206). The main church is dedicated to Maxim the Blessed - the holy fool, who in 1434 was buried in the Church of Boris and Gleb that existed on the site of Maxim's church. From that time, according to the newly built chapel dedicated to St. Maxim the Blessed, the church received its name. It is known that at the beginning of the 16th century. The stone church building, which has not survived to this day, was built by Surozhan Vasily Bobr and his brethren. There is information that the church burned in 1676 and after that it was renovated by Tsarina Natalya Kirillovna, the mother of Peter I. In those days, when constructing a new building, the previous building was rarely completely destroyed; they tried to preserve and use as much as possible the old foundations and walls. Sometimes a new structure includes entire fragments of previous ones as an integral part. And all this is so wonderfully fused that it is very difficult to separate them. As a result, we see a structure typical of the 17th century: a pillarless rectangle with a light dome, a refectory and a narrow aisle on the right. The lower floor of the building - the basement - served as a storage place for the citizens' property.

After renovations following the fire of 1737, some parts of the building acquired features of Baroque architecture. The restructuring of this time included a change in the shape of the dome and crosses. In 1829, the current bell tower was built instead of the previous belfry.

The significant opening of the temple drum, together with wide, high window openings, made it possible to brightly illuminate the interior of the church, which is typical for con architecture. XVII - early XVIII century

The design of window slopes from inside the premises is interesting. Their shape with corners beveled at the top is a rare example in Russian architecture at the turn of the 17th-18th centuries. The interior contains fragments of paintings dating back to the 19th century. and made in oil. This late painting apparently repeats the composition and general character of the previous one."

"The temple is a pillarless, two-light, three-apse quadrangle on a high basement, typical of the late 17th century, covered with a closed vault and topped with a light drum with a bulbous dome. The false windows on the apse façade are unusual. The space of the southern aisle is combined with a vaulted single-pillar refectory. In the temple and refectory, fragments of 18th-century painting and two white stone foundation boards. The Empire bell tower consists of two receding quadrangles with a dome topped with a spire."

At the end of the 1920s. the regent of this temple was the monk Platon Izvekov, later His Holiness Patriarch Pimen.

Soon after this the temple was closed.

“In 1965, the temple stood headless, had a sloppy, dirty look. Inside was the Mosremchas factory management, warranty repairs of watches. At the end of 1967, the temple was repaired, domes were installed, painted, crosses were gilded, the building was brought into decent shape” (M L. Bogoyavlensky).

“The Church of Maxim was restored in 1965-1969. The head is the architect S. S. Podyapolsky. After restoration, in 1970 it was transferred to the All-Russian Society for Nature Conservation for organizing exhibitions.”