Fishing reports on Lake Saltaim. Lakes of Omsk. lake Ebeyty Amrinskaya beam

In the Krutinsky district of the Omsk region, in the south of the West Siberian Plain. Belongs to the Irtysh lake-river system. It is part of the Big Krutinsky Lakes.

The water's edge is located at an altitude of 98 m above sea level. The area of ​​the water surface, according to literature data, is 146 km2. The lake is located in a region of insufficient moisture, so its level is subject to significant intra-annual and long-term changes. The length of the lake is 18.5 km, width – 16.5 km. The average depth of the lake before river regulation. Oshi was 0.9 m, after regulation - 2.3 m, the maximum - up to 4 m. Saltaim is the largest lake in the Omsk region and the 85th lake in Russia in terms of water surface area.

The shape of lakes Saltaim and Tenis, connected by a wide channel, resembles a butterfly. Lakes Saltaim and Tenis are perceived as two reaches of a single body of water. The main rivers feeding the lake system are Kiterma, Karasuk and Koshara, providing 95% of the inflow, as well as Gorkaya (Chaldak), Shepunovka, Tenisovka, Konkulskaya. The Kiterma River connects reservoirs with the lake. Ik. The flow from reservoirs occurs along the river. Osha in r. Irtysh.

The shores of the lake are low and swampy in places. The bottom is muddy. The width of the floodplain is from 100 to 1000 m; in the northwest and southeast the floodplain turns into a swamp. The terrain of the territory is a gently undulating plain 100–140 m above sea level.

The food is mainly snow. High levels are observed in May–June, low levels in September–October. Freeze-up begins at the end of October, ice drift - in May. With a shallow depth and large area, intense wind circulation is often observed in the lake, which involves the entire water column, resulting in the absence of temperature stratification.

The lake water has a grayish-green or straw-yellow color. Water transparency is very low; the largest is recorded in winter - up to 95 cm, the smallest - in summer - 15–35 cm. The lake is fresh, periodically slightly salted. Water mineralization fluctuates seasonally, exceeding 500–700 (1300) mg/l in summer. The active reaction of the water is slightly alkaline, in summer – 7.8–8.0, and by the end of the sub-ice period it decreases to 7.2–7.5. The oxygen regime in summer is favorable, but in winter the lake is susceptible to frost. Ammonia nitrogen is constantly found in the water, which can be explained not only by the significant role of the waters of lowland swamps in feeding the lake, but also by the flow of wastewater from nearby populated areas.

Higher aquatic vegetation is developed very intensively. Its main part is represented by common reed, rush, cattail and sedge. Reed thickets are up to 150 m wide. Vegetation cover is up to 20–25%. In addition, there are thick thickets of pondweed, hornwort, and hornwort, occupying 10–20% of the lake’s area. Saltaim.

Phytoplankton is represented by cyanobacteria, dinophytes, golden algae, cryptophytes, euglena, diatoms and green algae. Phytoplankton biomass in the second half of summer is 20–25 mg/l.

The average long-term biomass of zooplankton in the Saltaim-Tenis lakes is 10.0 g/m3. Benthos is poorer in quantity, its average long-term biomass is 4.9–6.5 g/m2.

The lake is rich in fish. Before the regulation of the river. Oshi ichthyofauna of lakes Ik, Saltaim-Tenis and river. Oshi was represented by Siberian roach, lake minnow, common gudgeon, golden crucian carp, and common perch. After creation on the river. Osh hydraulic structures, the ichthyofauna has undergone a number of changes. At the same time, at different times, purposeful and random introduction of fish of different species took place into the system’s reservoirs: Amur crucian carp, bream, pike perch, peled, carp, tench, bighead carp, and ripus. However, only carp, pike perch, bream and crucian carp have passed the stage of population naturalization. Currently, the fish composition of the Saltaim-Tenis lake system includes 14 species, the main commercial species include roach, ide, dace, perch, as well as carp, pike perch, bream, peled and crucian carp acclimatized in the lake. The Saltaim-Tenis system is the largest fishing area in the Omsk region.

Ducks, geese, waders nest on the lake, and rare birds include the cormorant, as well as the Dalmatian pelican, which is listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation.

The nearest settlements are Ust-Kiterm, Saltaim, Berezovo, named after Maxim Gorky.

The structure and abundance of phytoplankton in the Saltaim-Tenis lake system indicate the tense ecological state of their ecosystems. Without taking a number of measures for the environmental rehabilitation of reservoirs and the adjacent territory, the process of eutrophication will lead to overgrowing and swamping of the water area, and ultimately to the loss of lakes, which play an important role in providing the population of the region with water, fish, recreational and aesthetic resources.

The large Krutinsky lakes, including lakes Saltaim and Tenis, are included in the Ramsar Convention's prospective list of wetlands as a site for mass nesting and moulting of waterfowl and the northernmost nesting site for the Dalmatian pelican.

Lake Linevo in the Omsk region is located near the regional center of Muromtsevo (about an hour's drive). Linevo is part of the so-called “system of five lakes”, which are located close to each other.

There is a legend that five lakes were formed almost thousands of years ago as a result of a meteorite fall, and since then the water in them has been healing. But the meteorite origin and special properties of water have not received scientific confirmation.

Linevo is located near the Tara River, the size of the lake is 530 by 320 meters. There is a recreation area and tourist parking on the lake.

The maximum depth of the lake is 11 meters. The water is clear at 2.5 meters. The lake is home to perch, tench, pike, and roach.

The lake is surrounded by a pine forest where you can find mushrooms and berries.

Lake Ik

The lake has a round shape. The height above sea level is 101 meters, and the area is 71.4 square kilometers.

The lake basin is surrounded by ridges from the southwest and northeast. In some places the manes lie close to the water's edge and form high (4-6 meters) banks. In river valleys the banks are flat and low. In those places where the manes retreat several tens of meters from the water's edge, birch, aspen and shrubs grow. It has distinct shallow and deep water parts. The bottom is flat and muddy. The Yaman and Krutikha rivers flow into the lake, and the Kiterma river flows out. The flora and fauna of the area is well varied.

Ik is a popular place for recreation, hunting, and fishing.

Lake Saltaim

The height above sea level is 98 meters and the area is 146 square kilometers. The maximum depth is 1.7 meters. The rivers Kiterma and Cheldak flow into Lake Saltaim.

The fauna of the reservoir is represented by birds of the wetland complex: ducks, geese, waders. Here is also the world’s northernmost colony of Dalmatian pelicans, which are listed in the Russian Red Book. The great cormorant also nests on the lake. There are a lot of crucian carp here, there are pike, pike perch, perch, bream, and carp.

Lake Saltaim is very popular with local residents.

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Nearest hotels (hotels, hostels, apartments, guest houses)

View all hotels in the area on the map

Five nearby hotels are shown above. Among them there are both regular hotels and hotels with several stars, as well as cheap accommodation - hostels, apartments and guest houses. These are usually private economy class mini-hotels. The hostel is a modern hostel. An apartment is a private apartment for daily rent, and a guest house is a large private house, where the owners themselves usually live and rent out rooms for guests. You can rent a guest house with an all-inclusive service, a bathhouse and other attributes of a good holiday. Check with the owners for details here.

Usually hotels are located closer to the city center, including inexpensive ones, near the metro or train station. But if this is a resort area, then the best mini-hotels, on the contrary, are located further from the center - on the seashore or river bank.

Nearest airports

When is it more profitable to fly? Chip flights.

You can choose one of the nearest airports and buy a plane ticket without leaving your seat. The search for the cheapest air tickets takes place online and the best offers are displayed to you, including for direct flights. As a rule, these are electronic tickets for a promotion or discount from many airlines. Having selected the appropriate date and price, click on it and you will be taken to the company’s official website, where you can book and buy the required ticket.

Nearest bus stations, railway stations, bus stops.

2.1 Brief description of Lake Ik

The territory of Lake Ik is the most beautiful place in the Krutinsky district. On the territory of the Krutinsky district there are several dozen lakes of various configurations and sizes. The largest lakes in the Krutinsky district are Lake Saltaim (146 km.2), Tenis (118 km.2), Ik (71.4 km.2)

The total surface area of ​​these three lakes exceeds 300 km2, and their drainage area is 400 km2.

Lake Saltaim is located 40 km. northwest of Tyukalinsk and 60 km. north of the railway station in Nazyvaevsk. The catchment area is 5710 km2 (together with Lake Tenis). The greatest length is 18 km, the width in the northern part is 15 km, in the southern part 4 km, the greatest depth is 2.5 m. The Kiterma River, flowing from Lake Ik, and the Gorkaya River with its left tributary of the Cheldak River flow into the lakes. The Balashov Strait connects Lake Saltaim with Lake Tenis.

Lake Tenis is located east of Saltaim. The length of the lake is 16.4 km, width 10.3 km, depth 2.5 m. The Osha River flows out of the lake with a water flow of 1.5 m/s, and the Karasuk River flows into the lake.

Lake Ik is one of the significant lakes in the Omsk region. Its area is 41.5 km2. The lake stretches 9.1 km from north to south and 11.8 km from west to east. The coastline is more than 22 km. The lake has a round shape, slightly stretched from north to west north to east.

Lake Ik is located between the Ishim and Irtysh rivers near the working village of Krutinka, 62 km north of the Nazyvaevskaya railway station and 48 km west of Tyukalinsk. The catchment area is 1190 km2, the mirror area is 71.4 km2, the lake has a round shape, slightly stretched - west to north - east.

The length of the lake is 11.8 km, width - 9.1 km, average depth - 3.7 m, greatest depth - 4.7 m, the lake basin is slightly elongated from the north - eastern direction (confined to the general depression between the mountains). The slopes of the basin are convex, round, and steep in places. Their height is 4-5 m and only near the village of Kiterma up to 6 m. The shores of the lake are steep and bare.

Due to the predominance of the south - westerly winds to the east and north - the eastern shores are subject to constant erosion. The saucer-shaped lake bath has a clearly defined coastal shallow and deep-water part. Water transparency 0.75m. The water bloom is insignificant and is observed only in the second half of July. The banks are well drained, so the thickets of reeds are insignificant, most of them are confined to the southeastern edge of the lake.

The peculiarities of nutrition affect the water level of lakes. The water level of lakes begins to rise during spring snowmelt. The maximum is observed in April - June, then the level decreases, reaching a minimum towards the end of summer.

In dry years, the lakes reduce the surface of the water surface and greatly lower their level - they “shallow” or “dry out,” as local residents say.

According to the degree of mineralization of water, lakes are divided into fresh and salty. In the northern and central parts of the region, fresh lakes predominate, in the southern part - salty ones, and in some places here salty lakes alternate with fresh water bodies. Salt lakes are quite diverse in the chemical composition of their water.

Freshwater lakes are of great economic importance. Freshwater lakes are used as a source of water supply for drinking and industrial purposes (watering livestock, watering agricultural land, etc.)

In the fresh lakes of the region there are about 20 different species of fish, of which pike, burbot, ide, crucian carp, perch and others are of commercial importance. These lakes can be widely used for fishing and the acclimatization of new valuable fish species. The experience of stocking fresh lakes with fry, larvae of peled, grass carp, silver carp, and carp gave a fairly good effect on the reproduction of these fish. It turned out that growing valuable fast-growing fish species in the lakes of our region is possible only with aeration of the water during the freeze-up period.

Fishing is mainly based on the Krutinsky lakes.

Currently, Lake Ik is the most productive. A relatively small fish factory operates in Krutinka. The most commercially important fish species are crucian carp, perch, peled, ide, carp, pike, silver carp, and bream. Fish kills sometimes occur in the lake. This happens at the end of winter due to lack of oxygen. The largest kill was in 1991, when about 120 tons of fish were washed ashore.

The animal population of the lake is also represented by common pond snails, keeled reel, swimming beetles, dragonfly larvae, which are indicators of clean water and moderately polluted water, which indicates the purity of the water in the lake, but there are preconditions that cause concern for further pollution of the reservoir. The most common mammal is the muskrat. Birds include wild ducks, gray goose, and sandpiper.

2.2 Description of the studies conducted

The basic rule: get up in the morning, wash your face, put yourself in order - and immediately put your planet in order.

Antoine de Saint - Exupery.

Theoretical studies of the ecological state of the lakes were carried out based on materials from the Krutinsky district newspaper “Rural Tribune”

The main form of anthropogenic impact on the lake is runoff. Untreated waters of the coastal territory of the working village of Krutinka, grazing of cattle in the area of ​​​​the village of Kiterma, littering with household waste, residents of settlements located near Lake Ik.

The main flow occurs in the spring, when the snow melts. Utilities. Drainage water flows into the lake and through the Krutikha River.

On the banks within the village there is trash: mostly plastic bottles and broken glass. A lot of garbage left behind by fishermen after the winter.

You can't forbid living in a trash heap!

Day by day, a mountain of garbage is growing in the area opposite the confluence of the Krutikha River into Lake Ik. For several years now, residents of surrounding houses have been dumping garbage and household waste here. As a result of such “life activity”, fetid odors, wild dogs, rats, flies and the like create a special “color” in the area; this cesspool occupies almost 20 m, 2 tons continues to grow. Pollution is also indicated by changes in some organic indicators - the transparency of the color of water. Compared to previous years, the color and transparency of the water has changed. The algae in the lake has increased, and the coastal part of the lake is slightly overgrown with reeds in the area of ​​the Krutinka – Kiterma highway.

Various industries produce a lot of pollutants, such as bakeries of private entrepreneurs, fisheries, butter and cheese production, etc. There is an unauthorized removal and release of organic substances into Lake Ik and the Krutikha River adjacent to the lake.

In such cases, it is necessary to resort to extreme measures: suspend (production) or close them, move them to areas that are safe for the population.

Environmental harm is eliminated by restoring natural properties, but this requires a long time and cessation of the harmful effects. If the harmful effects are not reduced, nature does not have time to restore itself and gradually degrades.

In order to eliminate environmental damage on Lake Ik, it is necessary to carry out a number of measures, such as: allocating parking for cars, installing road signs prohibiting the parking of vehicles on coastal sections of intra-village roads, and installing garbage containers. You also need to talk with all residents of the adjacent streets to Lake Ik about the fact that a fine will be issued for dumping garbage into the lake and on the shore of Lake Ik. Every day there must be a raid to inspect the shoreline of Lake Ik (monitor the sanitary condition of the lake).

Based on the studied sources, a brief description of the lakes was compiled and their ecological state was identified. To more fully study this issue, it is necessary to conduct field research:

Measurements of lake depths.

Investigate water quality.

Carry out bioindication of water quality for the animal population.

Explore the flora of the lake.

Compile a herbarium of typical representatives of the flora.

Conclusion

Man has always used the environment as a source of resources, but until recently his activities did not have a noticeable impact on the biosphere. Only in the twentieth century did changes in nature under the influence of human economic activity attract the attention of scientists. Environmental monitoring is becoming a norm of life. A great role in the formation of this process belongs to the school through involving children in the simplest skills of observation, research and practical activities to form a new attitude and nature, studying the immediate environment (using the example of their native river, lake, grove - everything that is called the “small” Motherland ).

Contributes to the formation of an ecological culture, Krutinsky Lakes is the pearl of the Omsk region. Studying them using school monitoring methods will help not only create a more complete description of them, but also attract the younger generation and search and research activities, get to know and love their region more deeply, and realize their degree of responsibility for the state of the environment. Awareness of this responsibility is one of the components of the qualities of an ecologically cultural person.

Bibliography:

1. Andreev M.A. Field practice in general agriculture for students

I – II years of the Geographical Faculty of Pedagogical Institutes. – M.: Education, 1991-112p.

2. Atlas of the Omsk region. / under. ed. Zinchenko A.G., Kozhukharya A.A. – Omsk, 2001

3. Ashikhmina T.Ya. School environmental monitoring. M., Agar, 2000.

4. Bliznyak E.V. Water research. – M., 1992

5. Bogoslovsky B.B. Fundamentals of land hydrology. – Minsk, 1974

6. Newspaper of the Krutinsky district of the Omsk region “Rural Tribune” - June 2006.

7. Newspaper of the Krutinsky district of the Omsk region “Rural Tribune” - April 2007.

8. Geography of the Omsk region. / under. ed. Zinchenko A.G., Kozhukharya A.A. – Omsk, 2001

9. Kozhukhar A.A. use of natural resources of the Omsk region - Omsk “Omskaya Pravda” - 1976. - 187s.

10. Orlova V.V. Hydrometry. – L, 1974

11. Field practice in geographical disciplines. – M., 1980

12. Tessman N.F. Educational and field practice on the basics of general geoscience. – M., 1975

13. Trushina T. P. Ecological foundations of environmental management secondary vocational education. Ed. 2nd. Rostov n/a: “Phoenix”, 2003 -384 p.

14. Chashchin V.P. Nature management and nature conservation in the Omsk region Omsk, 1999.

15. Chashchin V.P. "Nature management" 2nd ed. 1997 – 203s.

16. Ecological foundations of environmental management: Textbook / ed. prof. E.P. Arustamova. -2nd ed. - M.: Publishing House "Dashkov and Co", 2002. – 236s.

In the southern part of the West Siberian Plain, between the Irtysh and Ishim rivers, Lake Ik is located. To be precise, it is located in the Krutinsky region. It is part of the Big Krutinsky Lakes system, which also includes the Saltaim and Tenis reservoirs.

Description

Lake Ik has an almost regular round shape, which is distorted only by the slight stretch of the shores from southwest to northeast. The length of the lake is almost 12 km, and its width is more than 8 km; the total length of the coastline stretches for 22 km. The area of ​​the water surface exceeds 71 ​​square meters. km, and the total catchment area is 1190 sq. km.

The lake lies in a deep basin, the slopes of which are quite convex, and in some places even round. Basically, only in some places steep ledges 4-5 m high make it difficult to approach the water. And near the village of Kiterma the steep slopes rise to 6 m.

The coastline for many kilometers is practically bare, which is explained by the poorness of the soil and its active drainage. Only in places does stunted, low-growing vegetation occur (although the southeastern edge of the lake is overgrown with reeds), and trees are generally rare here. As a result, constant winds in a southwesterly direction gradually but inexorably destroy the eastern and northeastern shores of the lake. High waves during bad weather also contribute to abrasion.

Lake Ik in the Omsk region has a flat but muddy bottom. Its depth increases smoothly, reaching its maximum towards the middle of the reservoir. After the mark of 4.75 meters in the very center of the lake, the depth gradually decreases again. Thus, the central part of the reservoir is like the top of an inverted cone.

Ground map of the lake

The soils of this object are not very diverse. The characteristics of the soil composition look like this:

• sandy-silty soil - distributed mainly in the coastal strip at a distance of up to 200-250 meters. Has a slight odor of hydrogen sulfide;
• dark brown silt with various remains of vegetation - found mainly in the western part of the lake at a depth of up to 2 meters;
• gray-green silt - covers the entire central part of the reservoir at a depth of 3.5 to 4.5 meters;
• clayey silt with sand - predominates on the eastern side of the lake.

Water resources

The transparency of the lake fluctuates at around 0.50-0.75 m. Light penetrates especially weakly through the water column in the second half of July, when the reservoir blooms profusely. In other months there is very little flowering.

Water mineralization is low. Oxygen saturation peaks in the summer months, but drops significantly by winter.

The lake is fed mainly by tributaries - the rivers Yaman (flows into the southwestern part) and Krutinka (flows into the southern part). At the same time, a significant share of the water collection falls on the Yaman, since the mouth of Krutinka is heavily silted, and in dry years the water flow is very insignificant. Also, the water level in the lake rises due to precipitation: snow, rain.

Only one river flows out of the lake - Kiterma, which connects Ik with Saltaim with a thin thread. At the source of Kiterma, a peasant-type dam was built in Soviet times, the task of which is to maintain the water level in the lake.

Climate

Lake Ik in the Omsk region lies in a zone of sharply continental climate. In this region, the weather conditions are quite severe: cold winters with an average annual temperature of -19 degrees, short summers with temperatures of +18...+22 degrees, fleeting spring and autumn. In winter and in the off-season, the waters of the lake are covered with ice, which breaks up only in mid-May.

The average precipitation over the past 50 years has remained at 310-540 mm.

Brief historical background

The large Krutinsky lakes in Western Siberia were formed in the Quaternary period. The glacier advancing from the north “pressed” the rivers of the Ob-Irtysh basin. The estuaries united under pressure, and as a result a huge fresh sea was formed. After a couple of thousand years, due to evaporation, the sea was divided into several large lakes. These lakes continued to evaporate, eventually breaking up into even smaller bodies of water. This is how Lake Ik was formed.

Over the years (we are talking about thousands of years), the shores changed shape, the degree of mineralization of the water fell, and rich bottom sediments accumulated at the bottom. As a result, the lake acquired its modern appearance and chemical composition of water.

All reservoirs of Western Siberia, including those located in the Omsk region, are characterized by cyclical changes in water levels, consisting of alternating periods of low and high water. The total duration of the cycle is 55-60 years, while the duration of the low-water and high-water periods is not too different and is 25-30 years, respectively.

For Lake Ik, according to observational data, the most high-water period was observed in 1917-1920, after which a low-water period began, which lasted until 1957-1959. From the late 1950s there was a period of high water again, with water levels peaking in 1971-1973 and later declining again.

Chemical composition of water

Let's continue the story about Lake Ik. Is it possible to swim in its waters? To answer this question, let’s look at the chemical composition of water.

The lake belongs to the group of slightly salted lakes, as it contains a small amount of mineral salts dissolved in the water. It has a slightly alkaline reaction and belongs to the hydrocarbonate class of waters.

Studying the chemical composition of water, scientists came to the conclusion that it constantly contains compounds harmful to humans, such as nitrate nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and other pollutants. Moreover, their number increases in the off-season and reaches a critical level in winter. The reason is anthropogenic impact. Sewage from nearby settlements, livestock grazing along the shores of the lake, garbage dumps - all this worsens the ecological condition of Lake Ik from year to year.

For now, you can swim in the lake far from populated areas, but if the state does not take control of the situation, water pollution will become global and provoke an environmental disaster in the region.

Animal and plant life

Lake Ik is known for its interesting arrangement of vegetation in the form of centric zones. The shore has been taken over by sedge and amphibious buckwheat; cattails and reeds descend to the water itself. A few meters from the shore you can see reed thickets. Afterwards, a belt of vegetation formed from different types of duckweed, hornwort and water buttercup. The water column is inhabited by more than 170 species of phytoplankton.

A variety of insects are found on the lake: swimming beetles, dragonflies, and in summer there are many mosquitoes and midges. A muskrat settled nearby. The avifauna is represented by ducks, geese, and waders. The northernmost colony of Dalmatian pelicans, which the locals for some reason call Baba, lives here.

On the Big Krutinsky Lakes, including Lake Ik, the great cormorant seabird nests, which is quite unusual.

What attracts tourists to Lake Ik in these parts is mainly associated with fishing and hunting waterfowl. For this reason, guests come to Krutinka even from Moscow. Let's talk in more detail about fishing, since in these places it has characteristic features.

Lake Ik, Omsk region: fishing

Fishing in the Omsk region is based mainly on the Krutinsky lakes, among which Ik is the most productive. More than 10 species of fish live in the reservoir. Here you can find large numbers of crucian carp, ide, carp, pike, perch, silver carp, whitefish, bream and chebak.

In summer, fishermen successfully fish from the shore and from boats, with the average catch fluctuating around 40 kg. But the most interesting things begin in winter. Anglers already at the end of November make holes in places fed in the fall. Later, a snow house no more than two meters high and without a roof is built near each hole. It perfectly protects from the evil January winds, but does not interfere with the penetration of sunlight. A kind of ice “perch” is built in the house, which is covered with a cotton mattress so that the fifth point does not freeze. A snow storage room is being built nearby, where the caught fish is stored. Later the catch is brought home by dog ​​sled. This is such a great winter fishing experience on Lake Ik!

Although fishermen make a lot of holes, they are quickly covered with ice, so in winter the fish often suffer from a lack of oxygen and die. The worst kill in the last 50 years occurred in 1991, when about 120 tons of fish died.

Nearest settlements

Near the lake there are 5 small villages: Krutinka (urban-type settlement, regional center), Kalachiki, Kiterma, Krasny Pakhar (the village has only 1 street - Central), Ik.

The largest settlement - the city of Omsk - lies 150 km from the reservoir. Between the points there is a highway Omsk - Lake Ik. The distance that needs to be covered to get from the city along the highway to the reservoir is 190 km, since the road makes many turns.