What kind of pilot does not serve in the navy? Pilot is the oldest maritime profession. The meaning of the word pilot
Pilot- an expert on the fairway, a port specialist in guiding ships, responsible for their smooth passage in difficult places.
Features of the profession
The pilot knows well the navigation conditions in any coastal area difficult for navigation with a large number of shoals, rocky islands, underwater rocks, etc.
According to statistics, almost 90% of accidents occur in areas restricted for navigation, in ports and on the approaches to them. The pilot guides each vessel along the fairway when entering and leaving the port, because knows local navigation conditions better than the captain. At the entrance to the harbor, the ship asks for a pilot. He gets to the ship on his boat (pilot boat or helicopter) and shows the captain a safe route.
The pilot's service is paid for from the so-called pilotage fee, which is collected by the port. The pilot is only an adviser to the captain, and in no way replaces him, his presence does not relieve the captain of responsibility.
At the same time, the pilot is responsible for the quality of his work. According to Russian legislation, if an accident occurs due to its fault, the port compensates for losses. If the captain acts without taking into account the pilot’s recommendations, the pilot may refuse to pilot.
In cases where there is no pilot, ships are guided by pilot signals indicating the depth. Seaports usually have pilots. On rivers, the captain most often takes on the role of pilot. On the one hand, he navigates by the map (pilot), buoys and other signs, on the other hand, by constantly steering the ship along one route, he himself becomes an expert on the fairway.
Historical reference
It is known that in Ancient Greece, sailors used peripheries, descriptions of sea voyages with practical recommendations for navigation.
Landmarks, anchorage locations, places to replenish fresh water, etc. were indicated there. And there were also instructions in which areas to use the services of a pilot and how to call him. The earliest known periplus of this kind dates back to the middle of the 4th century BC. e. It describes the coast of the Black and Mediterranean Seas. There is information about ancient Arab pilots who used a compass and sea charts.
Medieval maritime law separated high seas pilots (responsible for piloting a ship only on the high seas) and coastal pilots. During the era of great geographical discoveries, the role of pilots increased. It is known that the first to inform Columbus about the existence of unfamiliar lands in the eastern part of the Atlantic was the Portuguese high seas pilot Martin Vincente, and the pilot Barthalomew Ruiz accompanied the great navigator on his ocean voyage.
The pilot was part of the ship's crew, as he was hired for the entire voyage. With the development of shipping in the world, coastal pilotage developed.
The official origin of the pilotage service in Russia occurred in 1653, when by royal decree Ivan Khabarov, a peasant from the Arkhangelsk province, was allowed to conduct “trade ships from different lands” to the then only Russian port of Arkhangelsk and take them to sea.
Workplace
Pilots work in port pilotage services.
Important qualities
A pilot is a person with leadership abilities, not afraid of responsibility, and who loves the water element. The pilot must be a physically strong person, without a tendency to seasickness. Sometimes a pilot has to work during a storm, in rain or hail - this requires good physical shape.
Salary
Salary as of September 16, 2019
Russia 30000—70000 ₽
Moscow 45000—80760 ₽
Knowledge and skills
A pilot is a certified captain-navigator. But in addition to navigation skills, he must have good knowledge of the fairway of a particular area of the river or sea.
Where do they teach
Captains become pilots, i.e. a pilot needs secondary or higher navigation education.
Only a certified captain has the right, having studied a specific navigation area, to undergo certification and become a pilot. The pilot's certificate clearly states the pool in which he can work.
Higher education:
Specialties: “Navigation”, “Maritime navigation”, “Navigation on sea routes”
- Moscow State Academy of Water Transport,
- Volga State Academy of Water Transport (Nizhny Novgorod)
- State Maritime Academy named after. Admiral S.O. Makarova,
- Maritime State Academy named after Admiral F.F. Ushakova,
- Maritime State University named after Admiral G.I. Nevelskogo (Vladivostok)
- Sakhalin Higher Maritime School named after T.B. Guzhenko branch of the Maritime State University named after Admiral G.I. Nevelsky
Secondary special education
Specialties "Navigation"
- Arkhangelsk Naval School named after Captain V.I. Voronina,
- Nizhny Novgorod River School named after I.P. Kylibina
For pilot services, a pilotage fee is charged - a fee for piloting ships along the fairway. If it is impossible to provide the vessel with a pilot, pilot signals are raised on the masts of coastal posts at the entrance to the harbor to indicate the depths and the recommended course when entering the harbor. On navigable rivers and inland waters, most often, the functions of the captain and pilot are combined by one person, and buoys, buoys and bank markings are used to indicate the fairway, depths and safe course.
see also
Write a review about the article "Pilot"
Excerpt characterizing Pilot
The spirit of the army is a multiplier for mass, giving the product of force. To determine and express the value of the spirit of the army, this unknown factor, is the task of science.This task is possible only when we stop arbitrarily substituting instead of the value of the entire unknown X those conditions under which force is manifested, such as: orders of the commander, weapons, etc., taking them as the value of the multiplier, and recognize this unknown in all its integrity, that is, as a greater or lesser desire to fight and expose oneself to danger. Then only by expressing known historical facts in equations and by comparing the relative value of this unknown can we hope to determine the unknown itself.
Ten people, battalions or divisions, fighting with fifteen people, battalions or divisions, defeated fifteen, that is, they killed and captured everyone without a trace and themselves lost four; therefore, four were destroyed on one side and fifteen on the other. Therefore four was equal to fifteen, and therefore 4a:=15y. Therefore, w: g/==15:4. This equation does not give the value of the unknown, but it does give the relationship between two unknowns. And by subsuming various historical units (battles, campaigns, periods of war) under such equations, we obtain series of numbers in which laws must exist and can be discovered.
The tactical rule that one must act in masses when advancing and separately when retreating unconsciously confirms only the truth that the strength of an army depends on its spirit. In order to lead people under the cannonballs, more discipline is needed, which can only be achieved by moving in masses, than in order to fight off attackers. But this rule, which loses sight of the spirit of the army, constantly turns out to be incorrect and is especially strikingly contrary to reality where there is a strong rise or decline in the spirit of the army - in all people's wars.
Or a riverman, by qualification - with experience in the given region, who knows the given coastal situation and the local fairway well and guides sea or river vessels along it, especially in places that pose a danger.
The pilot is delivered to the ship that has previously requested pilotage by pilot boat (boat) or ship, and in case of bad weather or special circumstances by helicopter. Sometimes the role of a pilot boat is performed by a tugboat, which also assists the vessel in mooring operations. The pilot guides the ship along a safe route. From the boat to the ship, the pilot climbs up the pilot ladder if the side of the ship is higher than the side of the pilot boat. A pilot can jump from a boat to a ship if the sides of the ship are no more than 33 centimeters higher than the side of the boat (the same distance between the balusters of the pilot ladder) or the side of the boat is slightly higher than the side of the ship. If the difference between the sides of the ship and the pilot boat is more than 9.5 meters, then a combined ladder is prepared to lift the pilot on board.
see also [ | ]
| Pilot in Wiktionary | |
| Pilot on Wikimedia Commons |
Nowadays there are many different professions. Moreover, with the development of computer technology, work has appeared in which it is possible not to leave the house at all. Other occupations of people have completely outlived their usefulness and become history. But there are still romantics who do not look for easy ways and become, for example, pilots, sailors, and travelers. Of course, in these areas technology also developed and did not stand still. Devices have appeared that help in this activity. What pushes a person to choose such specializations? After all, apart from romanticism, this is dangerous and hellish work.
A little history
Such work as a pilot arouses interest and admiration. When pronouncing this word, for an ignorant person, associations arise that it is something related to piracy, the sea and adventure. In fact, this is a specialist who is responsible for the safety and smooth passage of a ship or sea vessel through the water. This is the oldest profession.
Ancient Greece ship
The first mentions come from Ancient Greece. This trade was very popular during the time of Columbus. It is known that it was the pilot Vincent who informed him about the existence of unknown lands. And the pilot Bartolomew Ruiz set sail with Christopher Columbus.
In Russia, the development of pilotage began at the end of the 18th century. Moreover, there were entire dynasties. Skills were passed on from father to son and so on, because pilotage was not taught then.
Russian ship of the 18th century Original communities of pilots were created. And even now pilots are considered a separate unit.
With the development of shipping, the profession of coastal pilot also developed. Since a lot of accidents occur when approaching the port and coastal areas. The reasons may be shallows, rocky bottom, etc. Therefore, port pilot services have been created. The pilot's duties have changed little. He must still arrive on board at the first signal from the ship. The port is responsible if an accident occurs due to the fault of the pilot. Again, if the ship used these services. Pilot vessels often ply the coastal waters, where requests from ships are received. These vessels have very good maneuverability. Adapted for any weather conditions. Provided with everything necessary for work and living of 20-30 people. Some boats are equipped with helipads. If the pilot cannot be brought on board, then the captain uses special pilot signals.
At night, the pilot’s path is illuminated with special flares, which are launched every 5-10 minutes. Although even in a storm, an experienced sailor must transfer from the pilot boat to board the ship. The danger is that it could get pulled in by a huge screw. Rarely and only in large ports are pilots delivered by helicopter. When arriving on the ship, he hands the captain a pilot's sheet, in which the captain makes the necessary notes. And the pilot takes the helm instead of the captain. The pilot under no circumstances replaces the captain. He is only essentially his advisor.
The path along which the pilot guides the ship is called the fairway. Obstacles where problems may arise are indicated by buoys, flags, etc. In addition, the pilot must know and work with the navigation system. Navigation training lasts up to ten years. Pilots are given preference in the port. Pilots pay special attention to tides and currents, especially at the mouths of rivers, where places are dangerous due to shallow water and entry is only possible at high tide.
How to become a Pilot
To become a pilot, you must obtain secondary specialized or higher education at maritime academies or schools. Pilots are assigned a special badge, which they wear during their service.
One of the first pilots They are responsible for non-disclosure of signs and waterways of water areas. Moreover, they have the right to work in those territories that are indicated in the training certificates. It is also necessary to have excellent physical fitness in order to be able to be at work every day without failure. Seasickness should be out of the question. A person must be stress-resistant, calm and responsible. After all, this is one of the most difficult professions, which is associated with risk, where you need to be responsible for the safety of other people and equipment.
There are very few specialists in this field. Therefore, this job is considered elite and is well paid. In Russia, on average, pilots receive about 100,000 rubles per month. Although recently it has been difficult to find employment, because there are few unknown sea depths left and the demand for this position is quite high. To get a job, you need to complete an internship for about six months with an experienced colleague.
This profession truly deserves admiration. James Fenimore Cooper, himself a former sailor, sang these people in his book “The Pilot.” When the pilot is on board, the captain is calm.
« A small ship was rounding a cape that was one side of a small bay. On the opposite bank there was a field where fishermen stood.Only the smallest ships, and even then only occasionally, dared to come close to this shore, where there were many underwater rocks and sandy shoals.
The desperate ones who embarked on such a dangerous voyage were on an elongated black schooner. The ship, with only the mainsail and a light jib extended to the very end of the bowsprit, glided gracefully and easily through the water, causing superstitious amazement in almost everyone. The pilot peered into the darkness as if he had superhuman vision. Everyone on the ship felt that their leader had an excellent knowledge of the science of navigation, and the renewed confidence awakened in them redoubled zeal. Command of the ship was transferred to him without further discussion; and in the most alarming moments, when the spray from the waves jumped over the yards, everyone, to the last person, greedily caught every word of the stranger, which led them to such magical obedience».
Pilot- oldest profession, known to history navigation since ancient times. Around 500 BC e. a collection was created to inform sailors, which described the shores where the countries of Western Europe are now located. There are sources about Arab pilots that tell how they used metal tools, as well as a compass and sea charts. In parallel with the development of navigation, pilotage was improved as an integral element of navigation. Pilots took an active part in the development of global shipping, in providing ports, in security measures navigation. They created navigation charts, installed navigation aids, acted as advisers in choosing locations for lighthouses and approaches to ports, and participated in the investigation of maritime accidents.
getting a ship out of the river is not an easy task
Medieval maritime law defined two categories pilots: the first category included persons engaged in guiding only on the high seas and over various distances; to the second category - persons who spent time exclusively near the coast or carried out the departure and entry of ships into ports. Sailors of the first category were called pilots of the high seas, the second category - coastal navigation.
The era of great discoveries brought widespread fame to pilots, as during this period there was an urgent need for experienced sailors. It is known that the first to report the existence of unfamiliar lands in the eastern part of the Atlantic was the Portuguese high seas pilot Martin Vincente, and the pilot Barthalomew Ruiz accompanied the great navigator on his ocean voyage. But not all sailors were trusted by their captains with their ships. For mistakes and lack of knowledge, severe punishment awaited the pilots.
Pilot was part of the ship's crew, since he was hired for the entire voyage, and his functions were knowledge of the specifics of the route and trouble-free navigation of the ship to the port of destination. In addition, he bore equal responsibility with all members of the ship's crew. Thus, the captain was not responsible for piloting the ship, and this function was assigned to the pilot and helmsman.
With development shipping In the world, coastal pilotage has become increasingly important, since in such areas the real threat to the safety of navigation has increased. State leaders began to pay attention to this problem and naturally began to determine pilotage areas, regulate the order of passage of fairways, and license pilotage activities. Trend navigation led to the emergence of a large number pilots, therefore, over time, unions began to form that were involved in regulation pilotage.
Over time, the organization of the pilot service began to change, as a result of which the role of pilot on board the ship, as well as his rights during the piloting of the ship. Different countries legalized their activities in their own way, which led to the emergence of different forms of pilotage services and types of pilotage. Responsibility has been changed pilots: Cruel punishments were gradually replaced by more humane methods.
The definition of the word " pilot"(from the Dutch name " lootsmann") is a helmsman, an experienced navigator familiar with the specific water area covered by his license with the right to serve ships and vessels. But this concept refers only to the early development of the pilotage service. More and more developing shipping made the profession of a pilot quite profitable. Every landlocked country was interested in development maritime safety.
With the expansion of the territory of the Russian Empire, pilotage institutions began to appear at the end of the 18th century. In the southern territorial part, the pilot developed in the ports of Batumi, Kerch, Nikolaev and Odessa. The development of maritime transport and growth contributed to the development of pilotage. It was from Nikolaev that development began sailing directions in Russia on the Black Sea.
In 1903 the first pilot crews. Initially, the pilotage was of a state nature, and the navigation of ships was carried out by the naval department, but over time the pilotage service was transferred to private hands and consisted, as a rule, of residents of a particular region. Ship captains were obliged to use the services of pilots, as this was controlled by the maritime department.
The attitude of the management towards the “maritime aristocracy” was respectful: the families of the pilots were allocated land and free education for children in parochial schools was provided. Tsar Peter I treated them with special respect - he freed the pilots and members of their families from all duties and transferred them to full state support.
Already in the second half of the 19th century, the coast of the Russian seas was divided into seven pilotage districts, where state hydrographic services, pilot societies and free specialists operated. Except pilotage of vessels, with priority given to warships, society was entrusted with many other responsibilities. They monitored the timely installation of buoys and other warning signs, any changes in the depths of the fairways, and reported to the harbormaster and the water police about ships dumping garbage, coal or ballast in the fairways.
pilot's work in photographs
boarding a ship is a dangerous job
when the pilot is on board the captain is calm
pilot piloting a container ship
Ukrainian pilotage is provided by the Delta Pilot organization
Currently in features pilots little has changed. Pilots are needed where navigation along the fairway presents particular difficulties in the terrain. The pilot must arrive on the ship at the first signal, which consists of raising a special flag on the mast - the pilot flag. By presenting your form to the captain of the ship, pilot goes on board the ship and takes control, but the presence of an experienced seaman does not relieve the captain of the responsibility for steering the ship. On the form pilot the captain of the vessel indicates the actual draft and displacement of the ship, as well as the amount due for the passage. It also indicates other notes that may be relevant to the navigation of the vessel. Pilots are obliged to give preference. The pilot is assigned a special sign, which he wears on his chest when performing official duties; he has no right to disclose to unauthorized persons about the signs and features of fairways and water areas.
Service fee cost pilot and the procedure for payment is established by the rules issued by the maritime ministries in agreement with the ministers of law enforcement agencies, as well as by the charters of pilotage societies. Except the wire ships and vessels The duties of pilots include taking measurements of roadsteads and fairways in ports, taking part in setting up warning signs, etc.
Pilots have at their disposal pilot boats. One of these project 70161 " Pilot Kokhanov" built in 2001 at a shipyard in the city of Nikolaev.
pilot boat "Lotsman Kokhanov"
Technical data of the pilot boat "Lotsman Kokhanov":
Length - 25 m;
Width - 6 m;
Draft - 2 m;
Displacement - 111 tons;
Speed - 12.5 knots;
Power plant - two VOLVO PENTA diesel engines with a total power of 960 hp. With.;
Crew - 3 people;
Number of places for pilots - 7;