Classification of ship premises. Office premises, ship premises, classification of ships, transport ships, service and auxiliary ships, technical fleet ships and special ships, hydrofoils. Ship's living quarters

The rooms in the main hull formed by the sides, main bulkheads, decks and platforms are called compartments.

The main body houses the following compartments:

1. Forepeak and afterpeak.

2. Double-bottom space, limited by the second bottom flooring.

3. Hold - cargo space between the second bottom and the lower deck.

4. Tweendeck - inter-deck cargo space.

5. Deep tanks - tanks located above the second bottom.

6. Cofferdams are dry, impermeable compartments separating fuel tanks from adjacent rooms.

7. Compartments of main and auxiliary mechanisms.

8. The propeller shaft tunnel is a room for placing and servicing the propeller shaft on ships with a middle or intermediate engine room. Holds and tween decks are assigned serial numbers from bow to stern.

Classification of ship premises:

1. Service premises are the premises in which the crew maintains watch and performs various work. In turn, office premises are divided into premises:

a) ship control: engine and boiler room (MKO), wheelhouse, radio room, radar room, battery room, tiller room;

b) administrative: ship's office, accounting, cinema booth;

c) ship workshops: carpentry, mechanical, electrical and radio workshops.

2. Utility premises include:

Food - food - galley, bakery, confectionery, pantry, dispensing, serving, food pantries;

Sanitary and household facilities - dishwasher, laundry, clothes drying room, work clothes drying room, ironing room, storage room for clean and dirty linen;

Passenger service premises - post office, savings bank, photo laboratory, information desk, hairdresser, various kiosks and studios;

Ship supply storerooms - skipper's, lamp, paint and engine storerooms.

3. Medical premises - they provide first aid to sick crew members and passengers. These include an outpatient clinic, an isolation ward, a hospital, a pharmacy, various specialized rooms (X-ray, dental, etc.), as well as household premises (bathrooms, washbasins, toilets).

4. Crew quarters and passenger quarters on sea passenger ships are arranged separately from each other. Living quarters are one-, two-, four-berth cabins. Crew cabins are single; senior command staff (office, bedroom, bathroom).

5. Public premises are premises intended for recreation or for holding various general ship events. These include: wardrooms, salons, dining rooms, smoking rooms, buffets, restaurants, cinema halls, libraries, swimming pools.

6. Household premises are designed to ensure personal hygiene and sanitary services for the crew and passengers. These include washbasins, showers, bathtubs, toilets, baths, laundries, etc.

7. Special premises. These are cargo holds on cargo ships; laboratories on research vessels; workshops - for processing fish on fishing vessels.

Location of the engine room on ships.

Rice. 2. Location of the engine room and the main residential superstructure: a - average; b - intermediate; c - stern.

Amidships:

Pros - the identification of the vessel is simplified, the magnitude of the bending moment at the top of the wave for a vessel without cargo and at the bottom of the wave for a vessel with cargo is reduced,

Disadvantages - reduced carrying capacity due to the large length of the shafting line and tunnel, reduction in the useful volume of the stern holds and deterioration of their shape due to the propeller tunnel passing through them, difficulty in centering a long shafting line and disruption of normal operating conditions during prolonged bending of the vessel.

At the stern of the ship:

Pros - better volumes are provided for cargo, conditions for placement and operation of the cargo device on dry cargo ships are improved, shafting is shortened and there is no need to construct a tunnel,

Disadvantages - the conditions for identifying a vessel without cargo worsen, since ballast has to be taken into the bow compartments. Receiving ballast into the bow compartments worsens the seaworthiness of the vessel and increases the bending moment at the top of the wave.

Intermediate arrangement of the MO, in which one hold, or less often two, is located behind the MO. Cofferdams - dry, impermeable compartments separating fuel tanks from adjacent rooms;

6. Compartments of main and auxiliary mechanisms;

7. Propeller shaft tunnel - a room for placing and servicing the propeller shaft on ships with a middle or intermediate engine room. Holds and tween decks are assigned serial numbers from bow to stern.

The superstructures are located on the upper continuous deck of the main hull. They extend across the width of the vessel, either from side to side, or so that their side walls are somewhat spaced from the sides, but not more than 0.04 of the width of the vessel (otherwise they are called deckhouses). Superstructures serve not only to accommodate premises, but also to improve the seaworthiness of the vessel.

Rice. 3. Layout of compartments and main groups of premises of dry cargo (a) and passenger (b) ships. I - peaks; N - cargo compartments; III - double-bottom compartments; IV - deep tanks; V - compartments of main and auxiliary mechanisms. 1- wheelhouse deck of the 4th tier (upper bridge); 2- deckhouse deck of the 3rd tier (lower bridge); 3- wheelhouse deck of the 2nd tier (boat deck); 4- second platform; 5- superstructure deck of the 1st tier (forecastle deck, poop deck); b- upper deck; 7- first platform; 8- second bottom; 9- deck of the 2nd tier of the superstructure (promenade deck); 10- second deck (bulkhead deck); 11 - third deck

Bow superstructure-(tank)- reduces deck flooding.

Middle superstructure-(spardeck)- increases buoyancy reserve.

Aft superstructure-(s)- increases the freeboard in the stern, increases the buoyancy reserve and unsinkability of the vessel in case of damage to the stern end and the vessel is trimmed to the stern.

The deckhouses are smaller in width than the superstructures. They are installed on the upper deck of the main hull or superstructure decks.

To determine the position of the premises on the ship, the following names of decks and inter-deck spaces are accepted.

In the main body (from top to bottom):

1. Upper deck; 2. Second deck; 3. Third deck (on multi-deck ships, the last deck is called the lower deck); 4. Second bottom.

In the superstructure and deckhouses (from bottom to top):

1. Deck of the 1st tier of the superstructure (forecastle, poop, middle superstructure); 2. Deck of the 2nd tier of the cabin; 3. Deck of the 3rd tier of the cabin, etc.

The names of decks can be added to these terms depending on their purpose: pleasure deck, boat deck, lower (navigation) bridge, upper (navigation) bridge.

The position along the length is indicated by the numbers of the frames, and in width - by the names of the side (right and left side).

All rooms on the ship are divided into 4 groups.

1. Crew accommodations necessary for rest, meals and other types of services for people on board the ship.

2. Service premises in which mechanisms, instruments and other equipment are located, as well as various supplies necessary for the operation of the vessel as a floating structure.

3. Special premises determined by the purpose of the vessel.

4. Ship communications premises that provide access to all other areas of the ship and communication between them.

Crew quarters.

Residential – cabins and block cabins;

Public - wardroom, dining rooms with accompanying premises, relaxation rooms, library, study room, sports cabin, smoking room, swimming pool room;

Household facilities - ship's office, catering department with provision storerooms, laundry room with associated premises, industrial clothing premises, fresh water tanks, storerooms for household equipment;

Sanitary and hygienic – washrooms, toilets, showers, bathhouse;

Medical premises – medical block or sanitary cabin.

Office premises

Premises of the main power plant - engine and main boiler rooms;

Control stations – central control station and main switchboard;

Premises of the auxiliary power plant and auxiliary mechanisms - ship power plant, premises of auxiliary and recovery steam generators (boilers);

Navigation rooms - wheelhouse and navigation room, radio room with accompanying rooms, broadcast room, log and echo sounder room, gyrocompass room, Suez searchlight room;

Rooms for ship systems and equipment - tiller compartment, chain boxes, thruster room, fire extinguishing station, air conditioning room, etc.;

Premises of ship energy reserves - fuel, oil and water tanks;

Ballast tanks;

Other tanks – waste water, dirty oil and fuel, bilge water;

General ship storerooms - cable, painting, skipper's, salvage equipment, carpentry;

Cofferdams and dry compartments.

Special rooms

Cargo spaces - twin-decks and holds on dry cargo ships, tanks on liquid vessels, rooms for valuable and dangerous cargo;

Rigging stores on dry cargo ships, hose rooms on tankers;

Special special rooms, on special-purpose vessels - rooms for fish processing equipment, scientific laboratories, etc.

Ship communications premises

Corridors, shafts, vestibules, emergency exit rooms.

Crew quarters

General provisions

When starting to design the location of crew quarters, it is necessary to establish:

Crew size, including division by position (number of command staff and crew;

Conditions of accommodation in residential premises (number of cabins and their capacity, availability of individual sanitary cabins, number of block cabins and the range of their premises);

Conditions for eating and resting of the crew (separately for command staff and crew or together);

Regulatory restrictions related to the calculation of areas or volumes of premises (minimum areas of cabins, public spaces, food pantries and fresh water tanks).

Regulatory restrictions include the prohibition by the Register Rules from placing crew quarters forward of the collision bulkhead and aft of the afterpeak bulkhead below the bulkhead deck.

In accordance with the Register Rules, the radio specialist's cabin must be located at a distance of no more than 20 m from the radio room.

The general rules for crew accommodation include recommendations to place residential, public and medical premises away from sources of noise and vibration, dining rooms and galleys - separately from sanitary and hygienic premises for common use (toilet rooms, showers, baths) and some household facilities (baths , laundry).

They try to locate cabins away from rooms with sources of noise and heat.

On cargo ships, living quarters are located in superstructures and deckhouses outside the main hull, thereby reducing the noise levels and running vibrations in them.

On modern cargo ships, all living spaces must have natural light. On passenger ships, it is allowed to accommodate part of the crew in the interior spaces.

Safe and, if possible, the shortest escape routes to life-saving equipment must be provided from the crew quarters.

The captain's cabin is usually located at the front wall of the superstructure on the starboard side, one tier below the wheelhouse.

The cabins of the remaining crew members are located near their workplaces: the navigational staff is near the wheelhouse, the mechanics are on the lower tiers of the superstructure, the sailors are near the exits to the upper deck.

As a rule, the premises for the command staff and the team are located separately from each other.

Living spaces

Cabins and block cabins. Cabins and block cabins are designed for rest and location of crew members during non-working hours.

On modern ships, cabins are usually single. This makes it possible to provide better conditions for recreation and reduces the possibility of conflict relations between crew members who are forced to stay among a limited circle of people for a long time.

The captain, chief engineer, as well as some other members of the command staff on large ships are accommodated in block cabins consisting of several rooms.

Cabin with sanitary cabin (Fig. 1).

The minimum area and range of cabin furniture are regulated by the Sanitary Rules for Sea Vessels and range from 5.0 to 6.5 square meters. m depending on the tonnage of the vessel. In practice, the area of ​​the cabins is 7.0 ÷ 12 square meters. m. It is recommended to equip the cabins with sanitary cabins, which significantly improve living conditions on the ship.

Mandatory equipment for a single cabin: a bunk, a sofa for lying or sitting, a wardrobe with two compartments - clothes and linen, a desk - one or two tables, a chair or armchair, 2 hooks for outerwear.

The sanitary cabin (an area of ​​at least 2.3 sq. m) contains: a washbasin, a toilet, a shower tray or a platform with a deck scupper.

Rice. 1. Single cabin with sanitary cabin

Block cabin (Fig. 2) usually consists of a study, bedroom and bathroom. The block cabin of the captain of a large ship may include a salon with a serving area, as well as an entrance hall. The area of ​​block cabins is not standardized and depends on the size of the vessel. Average area of ​​block cabins:

Office – 14 ÷ 18 sq. m;

Bedroom – 6 ÷ 8 sq. m;

Salon – 15 ÷ 20 sq. m;

Bathroom – 4 ÷ 6 sq.m. m;

Hallway – 2 ÷ 2.5 sq. m.

Rice. 2. Captain's cabin

Placing furniture in residential premises

The placement of furniture and other equipment in the ship's premises has one feature that distinguishes the ship's layout from the shore layout - almost all the furniture is fixedly fixed in place in rooms with relatively small areas. The exception is chairs and armchairs, which are attached to the deck in their regular places only when there is strong pitching. At other times, they can be freely moved for ease of use.

The above feature forced the development of regulatory recommendations on the sizes of the most significant pieces of furniture and the minimum distances between them.

Sanitary rules for sea vessels establish the minimum internal dimensions of berths (1980x800 mm), dimensions for sofas for lying (1900x700 mm), and wardrobes with two compartments - clothes and linen (2x400x600 mm).

The distances between movable pieces of furniture are 50 mm on the sides, 70 mm between the chair and the table, 200 mm behind the chair.

The distance between the sofa and the table is 250 mm;

The width of the passages in the cabin is at least 700-1100 mm

The free deck area in front of the door opening inward is 800x900 mm (Fig. 3).

Rice. 3. Free area in front of the door.

The free area under the hooks for outerwear is 600x250 mm (Fig. 4).

Rice. 4. Free area under hooks for outerwear

The free area in front of the bed is at least 2/3 of its length and at least 500 mm wide. (Fig.5).

Rice. 5. Free area in front of the bed.

The free area in front of the washbasin in the sanitary cabin is 800x500 mm (Fig. 6).

Rice. 6. Free area in front of the washbasin.

Public premises

Wardroom– a room for eating by the ship’s command staff (Fig. 7). Equipped with tables and chairs. The total area of ​​the wardroom is determined at the rate of at least 1 sq. m per seat for 100% of the ship's command staff, since each person is assigned a specific place at the table. Table linen is stored in a special closet. Next to the wardroom there is a pantry, in which food received from the galley is prepared for consumption (laying out on plates, preparing coffee and tea, etc.), tableware is stored and washed.

Rice. 7. Wardroom and rest room for command personnel.

Relaxation salon designed for collective recreation of command personnel, but is often used for meetings, meetings and technical training of the ship's command staff. Located next to or adjacent to the wardroom. Equipped with upholstered furniture and various household radio and video equipment.

Team canteen intended for eating by the ship's crew (Fig. 8). The total area of ​​the dining room is determined at the rate of at least 1 square. m per seat for 2/3 of the team (about 1/3 is always on duty). Adjacent to the dining room there is a pantry with the same functions as the pantry in the wardroom.

Rice. 8. Team canteen.

Next to or adjacent to the dining room is the team lounge.

In the latter case, it is separated from the dining room by a sliding bulkhead, allowing, if necessary, to form one large room in which there will be enough space for the entire crew of the ship.

In recent years, you can find ships on which common premises are used for meals and rest of the command staff and crew.

Placement of furniture in dining rooms and lounges

For ease of use and safety, minimum distances between pieces of furniture in the wardroom, crew mess and lounges are standardized (Fig. 9).

Fig.9. Distances between pieces of furniture in public crew areas.

The length of the table per seat is 700 mm.

The distance between the chairs of adjacent tables when placed parallel is 400 mm;

The distance between chairs and tables is 70 mm.

The width of the main passages between tables or chairs is 900 mm.

The free deck area in front of the entrances to public spaces (in corridors) is door width + 2x200 mm x 1200 mm (Fig. 10).

Rice. 10. Free area in front of the door leading to a public space.

Library– a room for storing books and other printed materials intended for use by crew members for personal purposes. It is a small room (up to several square meters), equipped with fireproof cabinets.

Class room– a small workshop (up to 10 ÷ 15 sq. m), in which crew members can make something in their free time. Practice shows that many sailors enjoy spending their free time making various crafts. The training room is located away from living quarters to reduce possible noise.

Sports cabin– a room in which simulators and other sports equipment are concentrated, allowing crew members to compensate for the lack of motor effort (hypodynamia) characteristic of human life on a modern ship (see Fig. 15). On large ships, it is recommended to install a sports hall that occupies two tiers in height in the superstructure and allows playing team sports (volleyball, basketball). The average area of ​​sports premises is 20 ÷ 40 sq. m.

Swimming pool room. On ships with a capacity of over 3,000, swimming pools must be provided for crew members. Open-type pools are located on one of the tiers of the superstructure in the stern of the vessel so that bathers are least exposed to headwinds. The pool is a rectangular bowl with a sloping bottom, which ensures good water flow during drainage. Approximate dimensions 6 x 3 x 2 m. It is advisable to place the larger side of the pool along the vessel to reduce splashing of water during rollover. The pool is surrounded on all sides by railings or other fencing at least 1 m high. Entry into the pool is carried out from the open deck along a vertical ladder, near which there should be a bathtub for washing feet and a shower (in the pool - sea water).

For an open type swimming pool, it is necessary to provide a room for the bowl in the underlying tier of the superstructure.

On ships intended for operation in northern latitudes (icebreakers, icebreaking transport ships, etc.), the pools are located in enclosed spaces.

Basic principles of formation of ship premises. The premises of fishing vessels are formed primarily by dividing the main hull into a number of compartments by transverse bulkheads. The final compartments (bow - forepeak and stern - afterpeak) are usually used to receive water or ballast. In the forepeak, a small enclosure is installed to accommodate anchor chains - a chain box. The shape and size of these compartments do not allow them to be put to better use. The remaining compartments of the main hull are used for cargo spaces - holds, to accommodate the power plant, fish processing shops and technological lines.

The height of the main hull is divided by decks and platforms. On multi-deck ships, decks are numbered from top to bottom, starting with the upper continuous deck (main).

Most dry cargo ships, including fishing vessels, have a double bottom - a space occupied by a bottom frame and separated from holds and other premises by a second bottom flooring. The double bottom, divided into compartments - tanks, is used to receive liquid ballast in order to increase the margin of stability (non-capsize), as well as for storing liquid fuel and fresh water supplies. The presence of a second bottom increases the unsinkability of the vessel in case of damage to the outer bottom. On tankers, the second bottom is installed only in the engine room area.

Collectively, all ship spaces are divided as follows: cargo spaces and ballast tanks, service spaces, accommodations for crew and passengers.

Cargo spaces of dry cargo ships include

holds and tween decks (between-deck space). To keep the cargo in the holds, the second bottom flooring is covered with wooden flooring made of pine boards (payol) 40-60 mm thick, 60-100 mm wide.

To close the bilges (catchment space) formed by the outermost double-bottom sheet and the outer skin, removable wooden panels are used, which are placed on the zygomatic brackets.

To protect the cargo from damage by the on-board set, longitudinal slats are used - fishbins with a thickness of 40-50 mm and a width of 100 - 120 mm. They are placed along the hull of the vessel in special brackets at a distance of 200-250 mm from each other.

On refrigerated ships, cargo spaces have special thermal insulation made of cork, polystyrene foam, etc. Two layers of tongue and groove boards are laid on top of the insulation, and they are covered with anti-corrosion aluminum sheets on top. The holds are cooled by cold air supplied from refrigeration units through pipes, or by batteries located on the sides.

On some fishing vessels, cargo is transported in special cells - attics, made of boards laid in the grooves of special pillars and plinths. Attic transportation eliminates deformation of containers and fish products.

When transporting bulk cargo, permanent or removable longitudinal bulkheads (shifting boards) are used to avoid spilling them.

To increase fuel or water reserves, and sometimes for ballasting, ships are provided with special tanks located outside the double bottom. These include deep tanks, occupying space from side to side, and in height - from the second bottom to the lower deck; onboard tanks located in the area of ​​the engine room or holds.

On large fishing vessels, intra-hold mechanization of loading and unloading operations is provided - elevators and conveyors, and on transport refrigerators - electric cars.

Office premises include engine room, refrigerator room, wheelhouse, navigation room, radio room, tiller room, log shaft, echo sounder, gyrocompass room, service and utility rooms (lantern room, painting room, skipper's storerooms).

The engine room is usually located in the middle or aft part of the vessel. Here are the main and auxiliary engines, electric generators, and the main power distribution board. If a steam engine or turbine is used as the main engine, they are usually placed in one compartment, and steam boilers in another compartment (boiler room).

Rotation from the engine to the propeller is transmitted using the propeller shaft, which is located in the propeller shaft tunnel, which has a slight expansion at the end - recess.

To ensure natural ventilation, a shaft is provided above the engine room, which ends with a skylight - the engine hood. The skylight covers have portholes.

The steering and charthouses are the place where the navigational duties are carried out. From here the operation of the vessel as a whole is controlled. The wheelhouse is equipped with a steering column, a traveling magnetic compass, gyrocompass repeaters, an engine telegraph, radars, fish-finding instruments, and various signaling devices. On modern ships, many of these devices are installed in a remote control version. In the chart room, which is always adjacent to the wheelhouse, there is a table for navigation and storage of nautical charts. Part of the navigational instruments (direction finders, receiver indicators of radio navigation and satellite systems, echo sounder depth indicators, log repeaters) and navigational work tools are also located here.

On old-built vessels of the BMRT type there are two wheelhouses: bow (running) and stern (fishing - for steering the vessel while working with fishing gear). On modern RTM vessels of the "Atlantic" type, BMRT of the "Prometheus" type, BMRT of the "Horizon" type and others, the vessel is controlled from a single navigation and fishing room.

The radio room is located in the area of ​​the navigation bridge or in close proximity to it. This is dictated by the need for prompt communication between the radio operator and the watch officer.

The log and echo sounder shafts are made separate or combined. They are made in the form of a sealed pipe, in the lower part of which, near the bottom, there is a central log device with a receiving tube and an echo sounder sending unit with vibrators.

All gyrocompass devices are located in the gyrocompass room, with the exception of peripheral ones.

Service and utility premises, as a rule, are placed under the forecastle due to their increased fire hazard. This arrangement allows you to keep these premises under surveillance and prevent dangerous situations in a timely manner. All office premises differ from others in that staying in them is permitted only for official purposes.

Premises for crew and passengers are divided as follows: residential, public, utility, sanitary and hygienic, medical.

Living quarters on ships are usually located in superstructures and deckhouses. First of all, for this purpose they strive to use the middle superstructure - a place least susceptible to pitching and flooding.

On modern ships, the living quarters of command personnel are, as a rule, single cabins, and for ordinary personnel, depending on the size of the ship and purpose, they are single, double and less often four-berth cabins. Cabins are usually located along the sides of the ship, which allows for natural light and ventilation through portholes.

On passenger ships, living quarters are located not only in superstructures and deckhouses, but also in inter-deck spaces. Cabins for passengers are divided into classes. Single and double cabins Classes I and II are usually found in the mid superstructure and deckhouses, while Class III four-berth cabins are found on the lower decks.

Cabins are usually arranged along a corridor system. The doors open into the cabins to allow free movement along the corridors.

Public premises are a dining room and a lounge for the crew, a wardroom for the command staff, on large modern ships there are gyms, swimming pools, rest rooms, etc. On passenger ships, public premises are usually much larger. These could be restaurants, canteens, smoking rooms, music salons, cinema halls, reading rooms, children's cabins, gyms, etc.

Utility premises include a galley, bakery, provision pantry, pantry, and storage rooms.

Sanitary and hygienic premises are divided into sanitary (laundries, dryers, ironing rooms for bed linen and work clothes) and sanitary and hygienic (washbasins, showers, baths, toilets, etc.).

Medical facilities include an isolation ward, a hospital, and an outpatient clinic. On floating bases, as a rule, there are operating rooms, x-rays, dental rooms and others.

Requirements for ship premises. To ensure the safety of cargo, cargo areas are thoroughly cleaned before loading and, if necessary, washed. After washing the holds, the water from the bilges is completely pumped out and the holds are dried using natural ventilation and sometimes heaters. Bilge wells are thoroughly cleaned of dirt. Fresh water tanks should be kept extremely clean. They are cleaned of dirt at least once every 6 months, as well as before the start of each long voyage.

Morning cleaning is carried out daily in residential areas. The cabins of the senior officers and the wardroom are cleaned by the barman, the team dining room and the command staff's cabins are cleaned by the orderly, the common areas are cleaned by the cleaner, the team cabins are cleaned by the crew members living in them. If infectious diseases are detected on the ship, the patient is isolated and the room is disinfected.

If signs of harmful insects (fleas, mosquitoes) appear on the vessel

pov, cockroaches) disinsection is carried out using dust, fluorophos, dichlorvos and other preparations.

On ships traveling abroad twice a year, and on other ships once, deratization is carried out - fumigation of premises with poisonous gases to exterminate rodents.

At least once a week, open decks are washed on the ship using soap solutions and sand.

Questions for self-control

1. Name the characteristics by which ships are classified.

2. Name the most common types and design numbers of fishing vessels.

3. Name the main characteristics of the ship's hull.

4. Name the types of ship sets and elements of power structures.

5. Name the premises for the transportation of cargo and ship stores.

6. Name the office premises.

7. Name the accommodations for the crew and passengers.

8. List the requirements for ship premises.

There are specially equipped rooms in the hull and superstructures of any vessel. The number, size and location of premises, as well as their equipment, are determined by the purpose and operating conditions of the vessels. There is no strict division of such premises, but, for example, the following groups can be distinguished: residential, office, household, sanitary and hygienic, public, special, auxiliary.

Living quarters for passengers are divided into luxury cabins, I, II and III classes or tourist class. Crew quarters consist of command and crew quarters.

Service premises include: administrative, main, auxiliary and deck machinery, various workshops, etc.

Domestic premises include beauty and hairdressing salons, storage rooms, benches, kiosks, etc.

Sanitary and hygienic premises combine an outpatient clinic, an operating room, an infirmary, showers, etc.

Public premises are considered to be music salons, cinema halls, discos, restaurants, cafes, buffets, etc.

Special rooms are cabins for various purposes, rowing electric motors, battery rooms, transformer rooms, air conditioning rooms, etc.

Auxiliary premises include linen rooms, carpentry rooms, laundries, drying rooms, storerooms, provisions rooms, and holds.

A general idea of ​​the location of premises on dry cargo and oil tankers is given in Fig. 1.3 and 1.4. These ships have: cargo spaces for the transportation of general, bulk or liquid cargo. Such premises include tween decks, holds, and tanks. Storerooms for storing various equipment: painting, lamps, skippers, electrical equipment, etc.

Rice. 1.3. Location of premises on a dry cargo ship. 1 - tiller compartment; 2 - fresh water tank; 3 - after peak; 4 - engine room; 5 - refrigerated room; 6 - tweendeck; 7 - chain box; 8 - pantry; 9 - forepeak; 10, 12, 13 - deep tanks, 11, 14 - cargo holds; 15 - ballast tank; 16, 17 - fuel tanks; 18 - lubricating oil tank; 19 - feed water tank.

Rice. 1.4. Location of premises on an oil tanker.

1,2 - storage rooms; 3 - dry cargo hold; 4 - forepeak; 5 - deep tank; 6, 10 - rubber dams; 7 - pump room; 8 - cargo tanks; 9 - cargo pump room; 11 - fuel tank; 12 - engine room; 13 - feed water tank; 14 - after peak; 15 - aft tank; 16 - boiler room; 17 - tiller compartment; 18 - tanks of the second bottom.

Machinery and boiler rooms are used to accommodate main power plants, auxiliary mechanisms, boilers, compressors, pumps, batteries, current converters, power plants, etc. Control stations include a radio room, steering room, gyrocompass room, navigation room, etc. Navigation instruments are located in them , equipment, ship radio installations, fire extinguishing stations, etc.

The internal structure of powerful icebreaking ships, which represent the largest structures, is much more complex (Fig. 1.5). Everything necessary for working in difficult polar conditions is provided here. Their coloring is discussed in Chapter. 7.

Rice. 1.5. The internal structure of a large icebreaker.

1, 2 - bow and stern engine rooms, 3 - propulsion motor compartment; 4 - swimming pool; 5 - cargo hold; b - aft wheelhouse; 7 - helicopter hangar; 8 - painting; 9 - wheelhouse; 10 - dining room; 11 - provisions; 12 - anchor spire.

In connection with the intensive development of the North, a large number of barges, pushers, cargo, towing, core drilling, research, tankers, etc., designed for operation in Arctic conditions, have been built.

Gas carriers that transport liquefied gases are equipped with four to six spherical containers. Their upper part protrudes above the deck, giving the ship a unique profile (Fig. 1.6). Service, residential and auxiliary premises are concentrated in the aft superstructure, where the crew cabins are located.

Rice. 1. 6. Location of premises on a gas carrier. 1 - chain box; 2 - forepeak; 3 - drive motor compartment; 4 - compartment of cargo pumps and compressors; 5 - intermediate tank; 6 - spherical cargo tanks; 7 - engine room.

A characteristic feature of ships with horizontal cargo handling (ro-ro) is the presence of outboard ramps, lapports (side cutouts) through which loading and unloading operations are carried out, as well as wide decks, convenient for quickly stowing wheeled equipment - cars, trailers and other cargo being moved knurling (Fig. 1.7).

Rice. 1.7. Location of cargo spaces on a ro-ro ship: a - along the ship; b - on decks.

Admiral's hour - lunch break, during which sailors are allowed to sleep.
Tank - the bow of a ship (vessel).
Combat post - a place with military weapons and technical equipment.
Warhead - a unit of a ship's crew that performs specific tasks.
Combat service - a form of daily operational activity of naval forces in peacetime.
"Combat leaflet" - a type of handwritten wall leaflet containing information about successes in combat and political training of the personnel of the ship (unit).
"Combat number" - a pocket book in which the duties of a sailor (foreman) are recorded in accordance with all ship schedules.
"Big Gathering" - formation of the ship’s personnel when raising the flag, during naval parades, during meetings of officials, etc.
Brigade - tactical formation of similar ships.
"Bull" - commander of the combat unit of the ship.
"Shitholes" - big, blunt-toed boots.
Gaff - an inclined yard fixed in the upper part of the mast, used for raising and carrying St. Andrew's flag while moving.
Lip - guardhouse.
Ship division - the lowest tactical formation of similar ships of the third and fourth ranks.
Ship division - a tactical formation consisting of ships of the first rank or brigades and divisions of ships of lower ranks.
Doc -doctor (ship's doctor).
Oak trees - ornament on the visors of the caps of senior naval officers.
Bubblegum-tack - a unit for attaching the end of the anchor chain to the ship's hull. The phrase “tack to the cud” means to release the anchor chain to the end.
IDA-59 - individual breathing apparatus.
Cavtorang - captain 2nd rank.
Galley - kitchen on the ship (vessel).
Kaperang - captain 1st rank.
Cook - cook on a ship (vessel).
Coaming - fencing of doors, hatches, necks, preventing water from entering the interior.
Stern - the back of the ship (vessel).
"Reds" - Red color on the exercise plan indicates the actions of one’s own forces.
Cockpit - accommodation for sailors on a ship (vessel).
Cap - ship commander.
"Linden" - deliberate deception.
Binnacle - magnetic compass stand.
"Ocean" - an electronic simulator designed to visually display the situation during an operational-tactical game.
Periscope - an optical device for monitoring surface and air conditions from a submerged submarine.
Forecastle - elevation of the hull above the upper deck at the bow of the ship.
PEJ - post energy and vitality.
Sliding stop - a device for reinforcing bulkheads or pressing the plaster tightly when sealing a hole in the side of a ship.
Locker - a chest (locker) on the ship where the personal belongings of the crew are stored.
"Blue" - blue color on the exercise plan indicates the actions of enemy forces.
Submarine - Submarine.
"Shiloh" - alcohol.