Traveling around the state of Hawaii. Hawaii is a resort state with amazing tropical nature Sunset Beach
State of Hawaii
The state of Hawaii is the only island state in the United States. Almost 4 thousand kilometers separate it from the Pacific coast of the United States. It occupies the Hawaiian Islands archipelago, as well as some individual islands in the central Pacific Ocean that are not related to the archipelago. At the same time, some small islands of the archipelago (for example, Palmyra Atoll) do not belong to the state, remaining US territory. The state owns about 130 islands and islets, including coral atolls. However, only seven islands are inhabited. The Hawaiian Islands are either volcanic in origin or made of white coral limestone. The largest islands lie in the southeastern part of the archipelago, and to the northwest their size decreases. The largest islands of the Hawaiian archipelago (from southeast to northwest) are Hawaii, Maui, Molokai, Oahu and Kauai. The chain of Hawaiian islands stretches for 2600 kilometers. However, due to the smallness of the islands, the territory occupied by the state is only 16,729 square kilometers.
The island of Hawaii is not only the largest, but also the highest. There are two huge volcanoes on it - Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa. The height of the first is 4205 meters above sea level, the second is 4170 meters. If the height of the volcanic cones were measured from the seabed, then both mountains would become the greatest peaks on earth, exceeding the 10-kilometer mark and surpassing the height of Everest by one and a half kilometers. Mauna Kea is a dormant volcano, Mauna Loa is an active volcano. There are many other active volcanoes on the islands, for example, on the island of Hawaii there is also Kilauea. The slopes of the volcanic mountains gently descend to the coast, forming fertile valleys and coastal lowlands.
All the inhabited Hawaiian islands lie south of the Tropic of Cancer, which, along with the mild northeast trade winds, determines the paradise climate of this corner of the earth. The beautiful nature of the islands is incredibly diverse. There are mountains and valleys, amazing coastlines, bordered by groves of navigation palms found only in Hawaii, which got their name because their leaves are located in the same plane, like the feathers in the open tail of a peacock, and from them you can determine the position of the cardinal points. In a mild climate, tropical forests with their characteristic lush vegetation feel great. The well-groomed rectangles of cultivated land are also pleasing to the eye.
The capital and only major city of the state is Honolulu, located on the island of Oahu. The population of the capital is about 380 thousand people. At the same time, 89 percent of Hawaiians consider themselves urban residents. The state of Hawaii has a population of approximately 1.2 million. The ethnic composition of the state's population is unique: less than half are local residents, 22.3 percent are Japanese, 33.3 percent are white, and more than 6 percent are Filipino. Given the extreme diversity of the population and a very large number of mixed marriages, we can say that the population of the state consists entirely of national minorities. Hawaiians consider themselves Americans, but at the same time they feel unique. It even manifests itself in the desire to use diacritics in writing, especially when writing toponyms and proper names.
The name of the state was given to the Hawaiian archipelago, but the meaning of this word is unclear, although it is known that it is of Polynesian origin. About a thousand years ago, the archipelago was inhabited by people from Polynesia. However, Europeans discovered them only in 1778. Using the right of a discoverer, the famous English captain James Cook named these Sandwich Islands in honor of his patron John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich. In 1796, the Hawaiian Islands became an independent kingdom, so today in the capital of Honolulu you can see the former royal palace - the only one in the United States. However, in 1893, the last island queen, Liliuokalani (1838–1917), who ruled Hawaii for only two years, was overthrown by Americans who had settled on the islands. The Hawaiian Islands were a republic for five years before being annexed by the United States, becoming a U.S. territory in 1900.
In the 20th century, the Americans established the Pearl Harbor naval base in Hawaii. On December 7, 1941, the base suffered a surprise attack by the Japanese, resulting in heavy losses of ships and personnel to the U.S. Navy. The attack on Pearl Harbor accelerated America's entry into World War II.
Hawaii received statehood on August 21, 1959, becoming the youngest state in the United States and adding the last, fiftieth star to the country's state flag.
After the war, the Americans took care of the development of the economy of the Hawaiian Islands. Large pineapple and sugar cane plantations appeared there, where not only local residents, but also thousands of emigrants from Asian countries found work. Hawaii produces a fifth of raw sugar and produces the largest pineapple crop in the world. Coffee is successfully grown on the western coasts of the islands - the area allocated for it is constantly increasing. Of course, in the tropical trade wind climate, bananas, guava, papaya and other exotic tropical fruits ripen well. Smaller farms raise cattle. An important source of income for the ocean state is fishing for fish and other seafood. Agriculture and fisheries in Hawaii are focused not so much on meeting local needs as on exporting products. Therefore, food industry enterprises began to develop on the island. Suffice it to say that the state accounts for 40 percent of the canned pineapples and 70 percent of the pineapple juice produced worldwide.
Despite the abundance of mountains, the state is poor in mineral resources. However, local stone is used to build houses and roads. The same applies to timber: although industrial timber harvesting in Hawaii is in its infancy, it fully meets the basic needs of the local population. Clothing and footwear, paper, and metal products are produced on the island.
However, the main income for the state of Hawaii comes from tourism. The wonderful climate and amazing white sand beaches attract a huge number of tourists from all over the world. It is no coincidence that locals call Hawaii “paradise.”
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The Hawaiian Islands are an archipelago consisting of 8 large islands, several atolls, seamount peaks and more than a hundred tiny islands with a total area of more than 16,600 sq. km. It is believed that the Hawaiian Islands include a total of 132 islands. The archipelago is located in the Pacific Ocean and stretches over a distance of 2,400 km.
The Hawaiian Islands are made up of 8 islands in the southeastern part of the archipelago (central Pacific Ocean). From west to east these are the islands: Niihau, Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Lanai, Kahoolawe, Maui, and Hawaii. To avoid confusion in names, the last island, Hawaii, is often called the Big Island. Hawaii is usually associated with these 8 large islands, largely because the remaining 124 islands have a total area of about 8 square kilometers. The largest island of the archipelago - Hawaii (Big Island) has an area of 10,432 square kilometers.
Vintage cards
Hawaii's natural and diverse landscapes, warm tropical climate, abundance of public sandy beaches and active volcanoes make it a popular destination for tourists, surfers and scientists.
In 1959, Hawaii became the 50th US state. Hawaii is separated from the continental United States by more than 3,800 km. Hawaii is the most ethnically and racially diverse state, including people of European, American, Polynesian, Japanese and other ancestry. Hawaii is the only state in the United States with an official local language. Despite the influx of tourists, many native Hawaiians have maintained their customs and traditions.
The state's official nickname is The Aloha State. The word “Aloha” is of Hawaiian origin and at the same time expresses greeting, sympathy, farewell, wishes for goodness and love. Most often pronounced as a greeting.
Hawaii, like Alaska, does not share borders with any of the other continental US states. Hawaii is the only state in the US that:
- Not located in North America
- Completely surrounded by the ocean
- Entirely an archipelago
- Where coffee grows
- Has a royal palace
Approximately 90% of Hawaii's gross product comes from services and tourism.
Niihau is the westernmost of the eight Hawaiian Islands. Visits to the island are limited due to the fact that it is the property of private individuals.
Kauai is the most ancient island of the archipelago, which is of volcanic origin. This is a tropical oasis that delights millions of tourists with its natural beauty. Kauai has everything you'd expect to see on an island lost in the ocean: wide sandy beaches, mountains, plateaus, canyons, waterfalls, jungles and fertile valleys. The land on Kauai is very fertile, coffee, sugar cane, mangoes, bananas, papayas, avocados, pineapples, etc. are grown here. The main attractions of the island are Waimea Canyon and the Na Pali Coast.
Na Pali Coast and Waimea Canyon
Oahu is the third largest (71 by 48 km) and most populous island of the archipelago. The population of the island, excluding tourists, exceeds 950 thousand people. The capital of the state of Hawaii is located in the southeastern part of the island. To the west of Honolulu is the famous Pearl Harbor, the harbor where the US Navy is based. Known for its beauty, Oahu is the perfect vacation spot. One of the island's iconic landmarks is Diamond Head, the crater of a volcano that was extinct thousands of years ago. By the way, Barack Obama, the 44th President of the United States, was born in Honolulu.
Buddhist temple in the Valley of the Temples Memorial Park and Diamond Head volcano crater
Molokai is a beautiful island whose residents are skeptical about tourism and unnecessary noise. This place is suitable for lovers of a relaxing holiday.
Lanai is a small island (29 km long) nicknamed "Orange Island". Lanai has some of the best golf courses in the world. Most of the attractions on the island can only be seen by traveling along dirt roads in a rented SUV. It's a beautiful place that doesn't have as many tourists as Oahu.
Kahoolawe
- the smallest of the islands, not interesting for tourists.Maui is the second largest and third most populous (154 thousand people) island of the archipelago. The diverse landscape, natural beauty and developed services make Maui one of the favorite holiday destinations. In addition to the beaches, tourists are interested in Haleakala National Park and the town of Lahaina.
Hawaii or Big Island
is the easternmost and largest island in Hawaii. Population - more than 175 thousand people. There are 5 volcanoes on the island, 2 of which are active. Tourism is mainly concentrated on the western part, however, stunning landscapes can be found in any part of the island. 
Excursions in Hawaii are not only sightseeing tours of Honolulu and the islands, but also visits to interesting sights and unique places that will leave a lasting impression.
The climate in the Hawaiian Islands is tropical, although the temperature and humidity are less severe due to the almost constant trade winds blowing from the east. However, climatic features vary significantly on each island. In fact, Hawaii only has 2 seasons: the dry season from May to October, and the rainy season from October to April. In winter, the temperature rarely drops below 18 C at night and stays around 28 C during the day. In summer, the temperature stays around 24 C at night and rises above 30 C during the day.
Hawaii
Hawaii (English: Hawaii) is a US state. Located in the center of the Pacific Ocean in the Northern Hemisphere at a distance of 3,700 km. from the continental US. Population - 1,283,388 (2008), including Japanese (26%), Americans and European descent groups (23%), Mestizos (13%), Filipinos (9%), Chinese (5%), Hawaiians (1 %) etc. The urban population is about 70%. The official language is English; national languages, including Hawaiian, are partially preserved (in everyday life). The capital and largest city is Honolulu. Other major cities are Hilo, Kailua, Kaneohe. Economically, the island of Oahu is the most developed. The official nickname is the Aloha State.
For many centuries, the Hawaiian Islands remained unknown to Europeans. During the circumnavigation of the world during the era of the Great Geographical Discoveries, ships of Portuguese, Spanish, and Dutch sailors sailed either to the south or north of the islands. Assumptions that existed in the past that Spanish and Dutch navigators had long known about the Hawaiian Islands are now considered unfounded. The first European to notice the Hawaiian Islands was the English navigator James Cook, who at that time was looking for a strait that would make it possible to shorten the route from Europe to Asia. The European who was the first to see the Hawaiian coast was considered by the locals to be a god.
You can swim in the capital of Hawaii at any time of the year. The water temperature stays at +23-28°C all year round.
Language of Hawaii
Official language: English
The native language, Hawaiian, exists for the exotic. They love it, they teach it in colleges, they tell tourists about it, but the capital of Hawaii uses only a few words in everyday life.
Currency of Hawaii
International name: USD
The US dollar is equal to 100 cents. In circulation there are banknotes in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 dollars, as well as coins: penny (1 cent), nickel (5 cents), dime (10 cents), quarter (25 cents), half dollar ( 50 cents) and one dollar.
It is most convenient to pay using credit cards (VISA, Master Card, American Express, etc.); they are accepted in hotels, restaurants, shops and generally everywhere and without any restrictions. You should not take euro checks with you, they are not valid here.
Customs restrictions
A customs declaration is required when entering the islands. You cannot import food, you are allowed to have household items with you, cigarettes - 200 pcs. or cigars - 50 pcs. or tobacco - 1.5 kg - 1 liter of alcoholic beverages.
Large islands: Hawaii, Kauai, Kahoolawe, Lanai, Maui, Niihau, Oahu.
State nicknames: Aloha State.
State Motto: Liberty of the Land Embodied in Virtue
Hawaii State Zip Code: HI
Date of state formation: 1959 (50th in order)
Area: 28.3 thousand sq. km. (43rd place in the country.)
Population: more than 1.2 million people (42nd place in the country).
Since ancient times, the Hawaiian Islands have been inhabited by various Polynesian peoples. The first Europeans to visit the islands were the Spaniards in the 16th century. In 1778, the islands were officially discovered by the English traveler James Cook, who named them the Sandwich Islands. By that time, the territory of the islands had its own kingdom, united from several. In 1893, the Queen of Hawaii was deposed. The Republic of Hawaii was later formed. In 1898, the United States annexed the islands. On August 21, 1959, Hawaii officially became a US state.
The state is located on an archipelago in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. The islands are home to active volcanoes Mauna Loa and Kilauea. The state's climate is tropical and humid. The Hawaiian Islands have beautiful nature with a tropical climate, and attract millions of tourists every year. Hawaii is a favorite vacation spot for Americans, thanks to its developed infrastructure and the presence of countless hotels to suit every taste; there is probably no American who has not booked a tour to these beautiful islands at least once in his life. The national composition of the state is quite diverse: Japanese - 26%, Americans - 23%, mestizos - 13%, Filipinos - 9%, Chinese - 5%, Hawaiians - 1%
Among the attractions, tourist areas and most interesting places in the state, the following stand out: Pearl Harbor, picturesque beaches, Active volcanoes, Rainforests.
Hawaii is a US state located in the Northern Hemisphere in the Pacific Ocean (Hawaiian Islands). Geographically, Hawaii is located at a distance of 3,700 km from the main part of the United States. The population is 1,374,810 people (2011). The state's area is 28,311 km². The capital is Honolulu. Large cities: Kaneohe, Kailua, Hilo. The most common languages are English and Hawaiian. In 1959, the state became the 50th US state.
State attractions
The Hawaiian Islands are famous for their beaches and there are many resorts located here. In the northeast of the state is the unusually beautiful Waipio Valley with waterfalls and a black sand beach. In the state capital, the unusual palace of the Hawaiian kings has been preserved, with a statue of the founder of the Kamehameha dynasty. The Pearl Harbor military base is located on the island of Oahu. After Japanese aircraft carriers attacked the base, President Roosevelt announced the United States' entry into World War II.
To the southwest of the city of Hilo there is Hawaiian Volcanoes National Park with the famous Kilauea volcano. It is an active volcano that is constantly erupting. More than 300,000 cubic meters of lava are emitted daily, and only the ocean can stop it. The volcanic crater Diamond Head, also known as Diamond Head, is extremely popular. This picturesque crater is located on the island of Oahu, east of Waikiki.
The Kealakekua Bay Nature Reserve is famous for its abundance of various tropical fish and coral reefs. Due to the high visibility (up to 30 meters), this place is popular among scuba diving enthusiasts.
Geography and climate
The state of Hawaii is located in the central region of the Pacific Ocean, on the Hawaiian Islands. The archipelago includes many islands, most of which are the tops of underwater volcanoes. There are more than 20 active and dormant volcanoes here. Most of the state is covered by savannas and tropical rainforests. The climate is tropical trade wind, without sudden temperature changes. Two seasons can be distinguished: from May to October – dry, from October to April – wet. The state's average annual temperature ranges from 18 to -25 °C. Precipitation levels reach 4000 mm per year.
Economy
Much attention is paid to tourism and the service sector. It is the backbone of the state's economy. There are many recreation areas, resorts, national parks and attractions here. Important sectors of the economy are the sugar and fruit canning industries. The state is home to major US military installations. Dozens of ships and submarines can stop at the Pearl Harbor naval base. It has everything necessary for repairs, maintenance of transport, as well as accommodation for crews and their families. About 1 million hectares are used in agriculture. Pineapples, sugar cane, bananas, coffee, sisal, guava, and macadamia nuts are grown here. Recently, the cultivation of fish, various shellfish and algae has become especially popular. A small proportion of farmers are involved in livestock farming. Hawaii is an important transport point in the Pacific Ocean, connecting Canada and the USA with the Philippines, East Asia, New Zealand, and Australia.
Population and religion
The average population density is 83 people per km². The white population here is lower than in other states. Most of the people here are Asians and representatives of “mixed” races. By race: Asians - 38.6%, Americans or residents of European descent - 24.7%, mestizos - 23.6%, Hawaiians - 10%, African Americans and other nations - 3.1%. Among the inhabitants of European origin, the largest numbers are German, Portuguese and British. About 9% of the islands' population are Latin Americans, about 5,000 people are Russians. By religious denomination: Christians - 28.9%, Buddhists - 9%, Jews - 0.8%, others - 10%. More than half of the state's population does not identify with any religion. About 75% of the population lives on the island of Oahu.
Did you know...
They say that by law, island residents must have a boat, otherwise they may be fined.
This event occurred on August 21, 1959. After joining the United States, the islands began to experience rapid growth in their economy and population, which in 2015 is about 1.5 million people. The vast majority of the population live in cities, the largest of which are: the capital Honolulu (400 thousand people), the cities of Hilo (42 thousand people), Kailua-Kona (12 thousand people).
History of development
It is believed that the Hawaiian Islands were settled around 300 AD. immigrants from Polynesia and Tahiti. This led to the formation of several island kingdoms on the islands. The mainstay of Hawaii's economy at the time was the harvesting of fruits and the catching of fish and crabs using various versions of canoes. Before the discovery of the Hawaiian Islands by European navigators, the indigenous population did not know writing, although they mastered the art of painting rock walls, many of which are well preserved to this day.
The discoverer of these territories was the British navigator James Cook, who ended up here by luck in 1778. For quite a long time he was considered a deity by the indigenous population, who, after the British stopped bringing them nails, “lowered him to the ground” by piercing his neck with a spear and cutting his body into pieces.
British sailors under the command of the captain of the Discovery ship, Charles Clarke, could not restrain themselves and carried out a land operation to search for Cook's body, but after the massacre of the local population, the leaders were able to return only Cook's head, and then without the lower jaw.
At the bottom of Kileikqua Bay, where James Cook's remains were supposedly buried, today lies a cast iron slab bearing his name.
At the end of the 18th century, King Kamehameha I, thanks to weapons received from European sailors, managed to subjugate the entire territory of the Hawaiian Islands to his power.
In the 19th century, the acreage of the Hawaiian Islands began to interest industrialists from the United States. People from all parts of the world began to actively come to Hawaii, which led to epidemics among the local population, which had no immunity to most diseases of that time. The indigenous population decreased tenfold from 300 thousand to 30 thousand.
Due to a shortage of workers, capitalists, owners of sugar cane production, begin to import labor from China, the Philippines, Korea and Japan.
In 1887, the white population, with the support of soldiers, carried out a coup d'etat and proclaimed the Hawaiian Republic instead of the monarchy. Eleven years later, in 1898, realizing the strategic importance and importance for the economy, the United States seizes the territory of the islands and gives them the status of broad autonomy, which does not suit the population, but suits the capitalists who do not want to bind themselves to American legislation in their relations with workers of factories and plantations.
At the beginning of the 20th century, Hawaii was ruled by the "Big Five" - a group of large oligarchs who owned sugar cane plantations.
In 1908, near the city of Honolulu, the United States built the port of Pearl Harbor and turned it into the largest naval base in the Pacific region. The treacherous attack on this base by Japan on December 7, 1941 was the main factor that forced the United States to join the anti-fascist coalition in World War II.
The most important historical stage in the development of Hawaii was June 27, 1959, when 93% of the population in a referendum supported joining the United States as a separate state. On August 21, 1959, Hawaii, along with Alaska (49th state), officially received the status of US states and became the 50th state, receiving the nickname Aloha State.
Geography and climate in Hawaii
Today, Hawaii is the fastest growing landmass in the world. This is due to high volcanic activity. In Hawaii, the Mauna Loa and Kilauea volcanoes continue their volcanic activity, and there is also a passive dormant volcano, Mauna Kea. The area of the islands is 28,311 square kilometers. Most of the islands are covered with tropical rainforests and savanna.
The climate in Hawaii is very favorable for recreation, tourism, and agriculture and is characterized as a tropical trade wind. During the year the average temperature is 18-26 degrees Celsius.
Population of the State of Hawaii
The structure of the population and its characteristics are determined mainly by the descendants of migrants who most actively populated the islands in the 19th century.
According to the 2014 US Census, Hawaii's population was 1,419,561. In 2015-2016, the population may approach one and a half million.
In terms of ethnic composition, the population structure is dominated by people from Asia (about 40%) - Filipinos, Chinese and Japanese, the next group is Americans of European origin (25%), mestizos (14%), indigenous people (10%), Latinos (8% ) and African Americans (3%).
Among the religious beliefs, Christianity predominates, occupying the minds of 29% of the population (Protestants 40%, Roman Catholics 28%, Mormons 19%) and Buddhism (10%). Other religions make up about 10%. Atheists make up more than half of the population (51%).
Economy of the State of Hawaii
GDP in 2015 was 78 billion US dollars. Per capita income is about 31 thousand US dollars. The state's unemployment rate is about 7%. The Hawaiian Islands are located on the trade routes of the North Pacific Ocean, connecting North America and East Asia, Australia.
The successful economic development of the Hawaiian Islands is based on tourism and related services (weddings, beach holidays, festivals). The Hawaiian Islands have a wide network of resort towns and settlements, a lot of natural and historical attractions, including impressive natural parks. The tourism and entertainment industry accounts for 25% of Hawaii's GDP.
The industrial sector is based on the production of rice, sugar cane, fruit cultivation and their subsequent preservation. 1 million hectares are cultivated on the islands. land for growing rice, cane, pineapples, coffee, bananas, which are exported to different parts of the world.
An important part of the economy is made up of US military personnel, 75 thousand of whom live on the islands. Thus, about $10 billion is allocated annually for the development of the Navy and Army located in Hawaii.
Hawaii has the fourth highest number of millionaires per capita in the United States.
Due to high taxes, prices in the state are quite high, but tourists are the main payer of taxes and fees.
The cost of living in Hawaii, particularly Honolulu, is quite high compared to most other major US cities. However, the cost of living in Honolulu is 6.7 percent less than New York and 3.6 percent less than San Francisco.
Hawaiian Electric Industries, a private company, provides electricity to 95% of the state's population, mostly from fossil fuel power plants. Average electricity prices in October 2014 (36.41 cents per kilowatt-hour) were almost three times higher than the US average (12.58 cents per kilowatt-hour) and 80% higher than the second most expensive state of electricity, Connecticut. .