Mushroom places of the Smolensk region. Where to pick mushrooms in the Smolensk region Where to pick mushrooms in the Smolensk region - Smolensk region

Pick mushrooms in the forest How these words make us happy! Yes, this is understandable! Who doesn't like picking mushrooms? Many surprising things will be revealed to those who begin to delve into their secrets. People made up incredible stories about these strange creatures of nature. The sudden appearance of a large number of mushrooms was attributed either to lightning strikes, or to dew, and in the Middle Ages - even to evil spirits.

Scientists have long thought about which kingdom of nature to include these extraordinary creatures - plants, animals or minerals. And as a result, they were separated into an independent kingdom - mushrooms. Animals need mushrooms: squirrels, moose, bears feed on them, wood grouse and black grouse peck them. Mushrooms are not only a delicacy for them, but also medicine. We humans need to know that mushrooms grow not only for us. The life of mushrooms depends on the weather. They love warmth and humidity. If the weather is dry, the mycelium seems to freeze.

Don't pick one mushroom for fun. Who will cook or fry one mushroom for you? Nobody. Then there is no need to rip it off. Mushrooms not only decorate the forest, but also have an ecological function. Even fly agarics and toadstools are needed by the forest: their mycelium feeds the roots with moisture and nitrogen. A real mushroom picker will not leave old mushrooms that are not suitable for picking. He will cut them and then hang them on a tree limb. When the mushroom dries, the wind will carry its particles away, they will germinate, and a new mycelium will form - the basis of the future harvest.

Once upon a time, forest belts began to be created in the steppe regions to protect crops from dry winds. And it turned out that the trees grow very poorly here. They are missing something. Noticed: no mushrooms. Then soil with mycelium was brought from old forests rich in mushrooms.
Mushrooms also appeared on the bark of young plantings. And what? The forest seemed to come to life, the trees noticeably increased in growth, strength, and health. Trees and mushrooms, it turns out, are friends with each other. Thin, white, web-like threads of the mycelium stretch to the roots of trees, entwine them, and grow together with them. The mycelium becomes, as it were, a continuation of the root. It absorbs water from the soil and sends it to the tree with mineral salts dissolved in it. And the tree gives the fungus nutrients that are formed in the green leaves. Some mushrooms are friends with different trees, others with certain ones. We usually find boletus under birch, boletus - under aspen, camelina - under pine and spruce, butter mushroom - under pine, and porcini mushroom - under birch, spruce, pine, oak. In addition, mushrooms can form partnerships with shrubs and even herbs.

But this is not the only reason why the forest needs mushrooms. Here is a slug on a large boletus tree. Are you unhappy that he ruined the mushroom? But the slug has every right to this mushroom. He is a legal resident of the forest. Here on the mushroom cap the squirrel left the mark of its claws and teeth. And this young boletus had its side bitten off by a vole. In a word, many animals eat mushrooms. The squirrel, as you know, even stores them for the winter, pinning them on twigs. Animals' tastes do not always coincide with ours. They also do not ignore mushrooms that are dangerous to us, for example, fly agaric. Slugs, magpies, and squirrels do not disdain them. And moose swallow these mushrooms whole, sometimes several at a time. Fly agarics for moose are a medicine that helps get rid of worms. Perhaps other animals are treated with them.

It is also necessary to remember that many fungi are involved in processing plant residues in the forest: they destroy stumps, fallen trunks, fallen branches, and dead foliage. These are forest orderlies, without whom we cannot do without.

But how often does a person, walking through the forest, kick or knock down fly agaric mushrooms, valui and even russula with a stick? To do this means not to respect the forest, not to understand, not to love it!

And if we talk about fly agaric, then this mushroom helps pine, spruce, birch and other trees grow. It also decorates the forest. This is also important.

And boletus This mushroom brings joy, admiration, respect. What other mushroom, after being cut, is held in their hands for so long without rushing to put it in the basket?! What other mushroom always counts even in the most mushroom place?!

Why is the boletus called white? After all, his hat is brown, and his leg is not entirely white. But because porcini mushrooms always remain white – whether in a frying pan, in soup, or dried. That's why they are white. As for the other name - boletus, according to the law it is attributed to only one of the varieties of porcini mushroom - the pine one. It is these mushrooms that are found in pine forests. Their cap is reddish-brown, and the leg is usually very thick. Therefore, the mushroom looks important, pompous, his real majesty. But we are used to calling any porcini mushrooms porcini mushrooms. And their spruce variety, with a brown cap, and oak, with a lighter, slightly grayish cap, and birch, with an even lighter (yellowish or even almost white) cap. Scientists also identify other varieties of porcini mushroom - about two dozen in total.

People call the porcini mushroom the “king of mushrooms”, and sometimes the “colonel”.

There were terrible stories. In different years and in different countries, after eating mushrooms, either the emperor, or the king, or the Pope died in agony. It happened that people died from mushroom cunning in Russia. But still, in Rus' they usually lived in peace with mushrooms. They knew well and, as a rule, did not confuse edible with poisonous.

As with everything, when it comes to mushrooms, some people are extremely suspicious, others are careless. We need a golden mean. In this case, you need to remember:

1. Don’t pick mushrooms you don’t know.

2. Do not collect those mushrooms whose edibility there is even the slightest doubt.

3. Constantly expand your knowledge about mushrooms - then there will be fewer doubts.

It's easiest with fly agaric. No one would think of making a roast out of it. Another thing is that mushrooms are doubles. The porcini mushroom has an inedible double. This is a gall mushroom, or false white. Here's how to tell them apart. The “king of mushrooms” has a white and yellowish cap on the bottom, a pattern in the form of a white mesh on the stem, and the flesh remains white when cut. His imitator has a pink cap on the bottom, a black mesh on the stem, and the flesh turns pink when cut. Inedible mushrooms are not necessarily poisonous. There is no poison in the gall mushroom - it is just very bitter, like bile.

But doubles are poisonous. The summer honey fungus has cream or brown plates on its cap, while its counterpart, the false honey fungus, has gray-yellow and greenish. In addition, as the name indicates, the general color of the double is somehow unpleasant and poisonous. These mushrooms often grow nearby and can be found both in summer and autumn. At the end of summer, the autumn, or true, honey fungus appears. It can be fried, salted, dried, pickled. Eating this mushroom in any form will give you great pleasure. Unless, of course, you mistakenly collect cinnamon-red false honey. This mushroom has a brighter, truly cinnamon-red cap, and the plates are gray and even black. Its flesh is yellow with an unpleasant odor. The real honey mushroom has yellowish-white plates with dark spots, and the flesh is white with a good mushroom aroma.

The most dangerous of the poisonous mushrooms is the toadstool. It is almost impossible to save a person who has been poisoned by it. The point is not only the exceptional power of the poison, but also the fact that the first signs of poisoning - headache, dizziness, blurred vision, anxiety - appear only after 10-12 or even 30 hours. During this time, the poison has already thoroughly “worked” in the body, so that with any treatment there is little hope for recovery. The pale toadstool looks like a mushroom. But the champignon's plates are pink, and with age they turn purple, while the toadstool's plates are pure white. This is a very reliable sign. In addition, the toadstool has a torn sac at the base of the leg, which the champignon does not have. True, this bag is often immersed in moss, in the soil and is not noticeable. The cap of the pale toadstool is greenish on top.

However, if you come across a similar mushroom with a white rather than greenish cap, beware of it no less than the pale toadstool. Because this is its relative - the white grebe, which is also deadly poisonous.

I really like picking mushrooms. I do this with my mother. She tells me which mushrooms need to be picked and which ones are best left.

Together with my mother, we made a crossword puzzle about mushrooms. We invite you to solve it.

Riddles for the crossword puzzle “Mushrooms in the forest”

1. A man walked into a pine forest,

Found a slug.

It’s a pity to quit

Eat - raw. (milk)

2. The boy is standing,

Red cap. (Ryzhik)

3. There is an almost domestic mushroom -

Plant at least on arable land,

Even under the apple tree in the garden,

At least in plain sight of the wall. (Champignon)

4. I don’t argue – I’m not white,

I, brothers, am simpler.

I usually grow

In a birch grove. (Boletus)

5. He sits pot-bellied,

He looks from under a bush.

With a white leg below,

With a dark cap on top. (White)

6. Pink and wavy shirt,

There is a border on the edge, but it’s fluffy. (Volnushka)

7. Red ears with a fox top

They lie in the grass, for little ones they eat. (Chanterelles)

8. What kind of mushrooms

Grows on white legs

Along the forest paths,

Visible from afar

Multi-colored hats? (Russula)

9. I'm growing up in a red cap

Among the aspen roots.

You'll see me a mile away

My name is _ (Boletus)

10. There is an old man standing on the forest, on the Jura,

Red dotted cap. (Amanita)

My mother also cooks very tasty mushroom dishes. Here are two recipes from my mom.

Mushroom dishes.

1. Mushroom solyanka.

For 2 kg of cabbage - 2 kg of mushrooms (porcini, aspen, boletus), 1 kg of carrots, 1 kg of onions. Chop everything and add 0.5 liters of sunflower oil, 1 glass of tomato paste, 2 tbsp. spoons of salt, 3 tbsp. spoons of sugar, 1 tbsp. a spoonful of vinegar. All this is stewed for 30 - 40 minutes. Place in sterilized jars and seal.

2. Fried mushrooms.

Required: 100g. porcini mushrooms, 50g. sour cream, 10g. butter.

Cut fresh porcini mushrooms into slices and fry in a frying pan with butter. Pour in sour cream and place in the oven for 5 minutes. Sprinkle with dill before serving.

www.hintfox.com

— The most valuable mushroom, the porcini mushroom, has dangerous doubles: gall and satanic mushrooms.
ovate “fakes” differ from white ones in that the underside of their cap is not white or yellowish, like that of boletus, but pink or even red. If you break the cap of a porcini mushroom, it will not change its color, but the broken caps of gall and satanic mushrooms will first turn red, then turn black.
— An inexperienced collector may collect false honey mushrooms instead of real ones. Remember: edible honey mushrooms have a brownish-yellow cap and a ring-like film on the stem. False mushrooms have a yellow-green or reddish cap, and there is no ring on the stem.
- If the mushrooms are excessively saturated with water, this indicates that they are overgrown or damaged. The decay process can produce substances harmful to health, such as the poison neurin, which can cause even edible mushrooms to become poisonous.

We collect according to the rules

Those who know how to collect them correctly will bring home more mushrooms. Experienced mushroom pickers advise:
— When going mushroom hunting, you should take with you a small knife, a stick with a forked end, so that it is more convenient to move apart the grass, dry leaves, pine needles and even branches. The most convenient container for mushrooms is a basket. Buckets, backpacks and especially plastic bags are not suitable. The mushrooms “burn” in them, crumble, and become wrinkled.
— Collected mushrooms are immediately cleaned of soil, leaves, pine needles, grass and other debris adhering to them; remove parts affected by insect larvae.
The flax-contaminated lower parts of the legs are cut off. It is better to put mushrooms in the basket with their caps down - this way they are better preserved.
— Only young mushrooms with fairly dense pulp are suitable for food. An old, wormy, overripe mushroom should be thrown away, but not on the ground, where it will rot uselessly. It is better to string its hat on a tree or bush branch so that it dries. Then the wind will scatter the mushroom seeds - spores, and you will be able to return to the same place next season for a new mushroom harvest.
— Mushrooms are picked early in the morning, before the sun heats them. In this case, the “production” can be stored for a longer time. Mushrooms, heated by the sun and tightly packed in a thick layer in a basket, quickly deteriorate - they become covered with mucus and emit an unpleasant odor. Of course, you can’t eat such mushrooms anymore.
— When you come across an edible mushroom, under no circumstances pull it out of the ground, but carefully cut it off at the base with a knife, making sure to leave part of the stem in the ground. Thus, the mushroom site is preserved for a longer time. After cutting the mushroom, check if it is wormy. In addition, when cutting off the mushrooms with a knife, we at the same time clear their stems of adhering soil.
— It is best to transport mushrooms in baskets or wooden boxes, placing no more than 2.5 kilograms of mushrooms in them.

Smolensky district

Krasninsky district

Demidovsky district

Velizh district

Elninsky district

Dukhovshchinsky district

Roslavl district

www.smolnk.ru

sotok.net

This year we cannot expect any incredible mushroom harvest in the Smolensk region. However, there are places where you can still collect this tasty plant.

To successfully collect mushrooms, you need to know the best mushroom places in the Smolensk region. And the best assistant in this will be the map of mushroom places in the Smolensk region, which was compiled by the National Explorer portal.

Thanks to the map of mushroom places you will learn where to collect and what mushrooms to collect in the Smolensk region.

August-September are perhaps the most mushroom months in central Russia, and the Smolensk region has always been famous for its “silent hunting” grounds.

According to long-term observations of mushroom pickers, which they share on specialized resources, five districts are considered the most mushroom-rich in the Smolensk region - Demidovsky, Velizhsky, Krasninsky, Dukhovshchinsky and Monastyrshchinsky. From a scientific point of view, this is explained by the climatic conditions of the western regions - a little more humid due to frequent cyclones, with an abundance of forests and lakes, in particular glacial lakes in the Demidovsky region.

However, the map of mushroom places in the Smolensk region is, of course, more extensive. If it’s more convenient for you, you can read about which mushroom places in the Smolensk region are the most popular and how to get to them for a novice lover of quiet mushroom hunting.

Smolensky district

• The forest is near Lake Aleksandrovskoye, we get there by bus number 20.
• The forest is next to Lake Astrogan and can be reached by bus number 103.
• The village of Spas-Lipki, you can get to it by bus number 133.
• The village of Babny is located 30 kilometers from Smolensk, if you go in the direction of Kaspli.
• If you want to find “your” place, where there will be no competitors with baskets, take a drive around the outskirts of Smolensk. Mushroom pickers assure that wherever fields are overgrown with birch trees, boletus mushrooms can already be found.

Krasninsky district

• The village of Gusino is located 20 km from the regional center near the M1 Belarus highway. This is one of the most popular places among mushroom pickers in the Smolensk region. Despite the fact that there are more and more lovers of “silent hunting” here from year to year, there is still enough prey for everyone!

Demidovsky district

• The village of Nikitino, 15 kilometers from the regional center, if you go towards Velizh (next to the village of Zakrutye).
• The village of Lukashevo, 18 kilometers from the regional center in the Velizh direction.
• The village of Poluyanovo, next to the asphalt plant on the highway to Velizh.

Velizh district

• The village of Sikachi, 7 kilometers from the regional center along the Vitebsk highway.
• The village of Verkhovye (Verkhovskoye forestry), 18 km from the regional center along the Vitebsk highway.
• The village of Panfilovo (opposite the village of Belyaevo), 25 kilometers from the regional center, next to the village of Kashino.

Elninsky district

• The village of Pleshivtsevo, 20 kilometers from the regional center towards Dorogobuzh.
• The village of Byvalka, 30 kilometers from the regional center in the Roslavl direction.
• The villages of Fedorovka and Mutishchi, 18 kilometers from the regional center in a southeast direction.

Dukhovshchinsky district

The village of Ershi, 18 kilometers from the regional center in a northern direction (a little further than the villages of Obolonye and Efremovo).
The village of Ripshevo, 30 kilometers from the regional center in a northerly direction.
The village of Pleshcheyevo, 12 kilometers from the regional center in a northeast direction.

gribnik-rossii.ru

According to long-term observations of mushroom pickers, which they share on specialized resources, five districts are considered the most mushroom-rich in the Smolensk region - Demidovsky, Velizhsky, Krasninsky, Dukhovshchinsky and Monastyrshchinsky.

From a scientific point of view, this is explained by the climatic conditions of the western regions - a little more humid due to frequent cyclones, with an abundance of forests and lakes, in particular glacial lakes in the Demidovsky region.

Smolensky district

• The forest is near Lake Aleksandrovskoye, we get there by bus number 20.
• The forest is next to Lake Astrogan and can be reached by bus number 103.
• The village of Spas-Lipki, you can get to it by bus number 133.
• The village of Babny is located 30 kilometers from Smolensk, if you go in the direction of Kaspli.
• If you want to find “your” place, where there will be no competitors with baskets, take a drive around the outskirts of Smolensk. Mushroom pickers assure that wherever the fields are overgrown with birch trees, boletus mushrooms can already be found.

Krasninsky district

• The village of Gusino is located 20 km from the regional center near the M1 Belarus highway. This is one of the most popular places among mushroom pickers in the Smolensk region. Despite the fact that there are more and more lovers of “silent hunting” here from year to year, there is still enough prey for everyone!

Demidovsky district

• The village of Nikitino, 15 kilometers from the regional center, if you go towards Velizh (next to the village of Zakrutye).
• The village of Lukashevo, 18 kilometers from the regional center in the Velizh direction.
• The village of Poluyanovo, next to the asphalt plant on the highway to Velizh.

Velizh district

• The village of Sikachi, 7 kilometers from the regional center along the Vitebsk highway.
• The village of Verkhovye (Verkhovskoye forestry), 18 km from the regional center along the Vitebsk highway.
• The village of Panfilovo (opposite the village of Belyaevo), 25 kilometers from the regional center, next to the village of Kashino.

Elninsky district

• The village of Pleshivtsevo, 20 kilometers from the regional center towards Dorogobuzh.
• The village of Byvalka, 30 kilometers from the regional center in the Roslavl direction.
• The villages of Fedorovka and Mutishchi, 18 kilometers from the regional center in a southeast direction.

Dukhovshchinsky district

• The village of Ershi, 18 kilometers from the regional center in a northern direction (a little further than the villages of Obolonye and Efremovo).
• The village of Ripshevo, 30 kilometers from the regional center in a northerly direction.
• The village of Pleshcheyevo, 12 kilometers from the regional center in a northeast direction.

Roslavl district

• Local residents say that mushrooms in this area can be found in any forest or grove.
• The most popular place for collecting them is the village of Khokhlovka, located 12 kilometers from the regional center, if you go towards Yelnya (behind the village of Priselye).

What to put in the basket
Mushroom pickers unanimously claim that the forests of the Smolensk region are now full of chanterelles. You also have a chance to put the first boletus, boletus and boletus in your basket. And in a couple of weeks and until the end of September, the “catch” will become even richer: porcini mushrooms will “ripen” and a little later honey mushrooms.

We leave the toadstools to the forest!

It is difficult to deceive experienced mushroom pickers with poisonous mushrooms, but beginners may get caught. Therefore, listen to the advice of forest experts.

• The easiest way to avoid mushroom poisoning is to collect only those mushrooms that you know well. It is better to go into the forest with a partner who knows well what edible and poisonous mushrooms look like. If you doubt any of the “gifts of the forest,” it’s better not to touch it at all!
• The most valuable mushroom, the porcini mushroom, has dangerous counterparts: gall and satanic mushrooms. Poisonous “counterfeits” differ from white ones in that the underside of their cap is not white or yellowish, like boletus, but pink or even red. If you break the cap of a porcini mushroom, it will not change its color, but the broken caps of gall and satanic mushrooms will first turn red, then turn black.
• An inexperienced collector may collect false honey mushrooms instead of real ones. Remember: edible honey mushrooms have a brownish-yellow cap and a ring-like film on the stem. False mushrooms have a yellow-green or reddish cap, and there is no ring on the stem.
• If the mushrooms are excessively saturated with water, this indicates that they are overgrown or damaged. The decay process can produce substances harmful to health, such as the poison neurin, which can cause even edible mushrooms to become poisonous.

Smolensky district

Forests in the vicinity of Kardymov, the village of Astrogan, forests near Lake Aleksandrovskoe, and the village of Spas-Lipki are rich in mushrooms. In fact, in the vicinity of Smolensk, wherever the fields are overgrown with birch trees, there is now an abundance of boletus, and almost worm-free ones.

The small settlement of Banny Ostrov, near the village of Shchegolevo, is located 25 kilometers northwest of Smolensk.

And one more good, according to experts, mushroom place: we move by car north from Smolensk through Zhukovo, then another 6 km, turn to Dubrovo (near Lake Penisnar). We pass Dubrovo along the ring road and go left to Novoselki. The water tower remains on the right. We overcome a kilometer-long bulk dirt road. On the left across the field is a forest, whose left edge abuts Penisnar. This is where autumn honey mushrooms and boletus mushrooms await you.

Krasninsky district

Pay attention to the forests in the area of ​​the village of Gusino, located 25 km from the regional center, as well as the village of Palkino.

Demidovsky district

The area around the village of Zakrutye (15 kilometers from the regional center, if you go towards Velizh) is another mushroom patrimony.

Babny village (20 kilometers from the district center).

The village of Shaury is west of Demidov, about 20 kilometers.

The village of Podosinki is northeast of Demidov, next to the Elsha River, 40 kilometers from the regional center.

Velizh district

The village of Verkhovye (Verkhovskoye forestry), 18 km from the regional center along the Vitebsk highway.

The village of Trusovshchina is 20 kilometers from Velizh to the south.

The village of Pustynki is 20 kilometers from the regional center to the southeast.

Elninsky district

The village of Bibirevo is 15 kilometers from the regional center towards Desnogorsk.

The village of Byvalka, 30 kilometers from the regional center in the Roslavl direction.

The villages of Fedorovka and Mutishchi, 18 kilometers from the regional center in a southeast direction.

Roslavl district

This area is unusually rich in mushrooms; they can be found in any forest and at almost every step.

There are especially many of them in the swampy area south of Ershichi (19), and specifically in the vicinity of the villages of Dubrovka, Lopatishche and Blagodat.

Dukhovshchinsky district

The village of Eryshi, 18 kilometers from the regional center in the north-west direction.

The village of Plyushchevo, 12 kilometers from the regional center in a northeast direction.

The village of Baranovo, 7 kilometers from Dukhovshchina in an easterly direction.

Monastyrshchinsky district

Not far from the village of Mikhailovskoye, pay attention to the forest plantations of honey mushrooms. Go - you won't regret it! And in the area of ​​​​the village of Zheleznyak you will probably pick up porcini mushrooms, boletuses, boletus, boletus and saffron milk caps.

Good luck with your quiet hunt!

Forecasters promise that October will also be warm.

Oleg Melnikov

RP Smolensk

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Smolensky district
Forests in the vicinity of Kardymov (1), the village of Astrogan (2), forests near Lake Aleksandrovskoe (3), and the village of Spas-Lipki (4) are rich in mushrooms. In fact, in the vicinity of Smolensk, wherever the fields are overgrown with birch trees, there is now an abundance of boletus, and almost worm-free ones.
The small settlement of Banny Ostrov (5), near the village of Shchegolevo, is located 25 kilometers northwest of Smolensk.
And one more good, according to experts, mushroom place (6): we move by car north from Smolensk through Zhukovo, then another 6 km, turn to Dubrovo (near Lake Penisnar). We pass Dubrovo along the ring road and go left to Novoselki. The water tower remains on the right. We overcome a kilometer-long bulk dirt road. On the left across the field is a forest, whose left edge abuts Penisnar. This is where autumn honey mushrooms and boletus mushrooms await you.

Krasninsky district
Pay attention to the forests in the area of ​​the village of Gusino (7), located 25 km from the regional center, as well as the village of Palkino (10).

Demidovsky district
The area around the village of Zakrutye (9) (15 kilometers from the regional center, if you go towards Velizh) is another mushroom patrimony.
Village Babny (10) (20 kilometers from the district center).
The village of Shaury (11) west of Demidov, about 20 kilometers.
The village of Podosinki (12) northeast of Demidov, next to the Elsha River, 40 kilometers from the regional center.

Velizh district
The village of Verkhovye (13) (Verkhovskoye forestry), 18 km from the regional center along the Vitebsk highway.
The village of Trusovshchina (14) is 20 kilometers from Velizh to the south.
The village of Pustynki (15) is 20 kilometers from the regional center to the southeast.

Elninsky district
The village of Bibirevo (16) is 15 kilometers from the regional center towards Desnogorsk.
The village of Byvalka (17), 30 kilometers from the regional center in the Roslavl direction.
The villages of Fedorovka and Mutishchi (18), 18 kilometers from the regional center in a southeast direction.

Roslavl district
This area is unusually rich in mushrooms; they can be found in any forest and at almost every step.
There are especially many of them in the swampy area south of Ershichi (19), and specifically in the vicinity of the villages of Dubrovka (20), Lopatishche (21) and Blagodat (22).

Dukhovshchinsky district
Village of Eryshi (23), 18 kilometers from the regional center in the north-west direction.
The village of Plyushchevo (24), 12 kilometers from the regional center in a northeast direction.
The village of Baranovo (25), 7 kilometers from Dukhovshchina in an easterly direction.

Monastyrshchinsky district
Not far from the village of Mikhailovskoye (26), pay attention to the forest plantations of honey mushrooms. Go - you won't regret it! And in the area of ​​the village of Zheleznyak (27) you will probably pick up porcini mushrooms, aspen mushrooms, boletus mushrooms, boletus mushrooms and saffron milk caps.
Good luck with your quiet hunt!
Forecasters promise that October will also be warm.

Pick mushrooms in the forest How these words make us happy! Yes, this is understandable! Who doesn't like picking mushrooms? Many surprising things will be revealed to those who begin to delve into their secrets. People made up incredible stories about these strange creatures of nature. The sudden appearance of a large number of mushrooms was attributed either to lightning strikes, or to dew, and in the Middle Ages - even to evil spirits.

Scientists have long thought about which kingdom of nature to include these extraordinary creatures - plants, animals or minerals. And as a result, they were separated into an independent kingdom - mushrooms. Animals need mushrooms: squirrels, moose, bears feed on them, wood grouse and black grouse peck them. Mushrooms are not only a delicacy for them, but also medicine. We humans need to know that mushrooms grow not only for us. The life of mushrooms depends on the weather. They love warmth and humidity. If the weather is dry, the mycelium seems to freeze.

Don't pick one mushroom for fun. Who will cook or fry one mushroom for you? Nobody. Then there is no need to rip it off. Mushrooms not only decorate the forest, but also have an ecological function. Even fly agarics and toadstools are needed by the forest: their mycelium feeds the roots with moisture and nitrogen. A real mushroom picker will not leave old mushrooms that are not suitable for picking. He will cut them and then hang them on a tree limb. When the mushroom dries, the wind will carry its particles away, they will germinate, and a new mycelium will form - the basis of the future harvest.

Once upon a time, forest belts began to be created in the steppe regions to protect crops from dry winds. And it turned out that the trees grow very poorly here. They are missing something. Noticed: no mushrooms. Then soil with mycelium was brought from old forests rich in mushrooms. Soon mushrooms also appeared in the young plantings. And what? The forest seemed to come to life, the trees noticeably increased in growth, strength, and health. Trees and mushrooms, it turns out, are friends with each other. Thin, white, web-like threads of the mycelium stretch to the roots of trees, entwine them, and grow together with them. The mycelium becomes, as it were, a continuation of the root. It absorbs water from the soil and sends it to the tree with mineral salts dissolved in it. And the tree gives the fungus nutrients that are formed in the green leaves. Some mushrooms are friends with different trees, others with certain ones. We usually find boletus under birch, boletus - under aspen, camelina - under pine and spruce, butter mushroom - under pine, and porcini mushroom - under birch, spruce, pine, oak. In addition, mushrooms can form partnerships with shrubs and even herbs.

But this is not the only reason why the forest needs mushrooms. Here is a slug on a large boletus tree. Are you unhappy that he ruined the mushroom? But the slug has every right to this mushroom. He is a legal resident of the forest. Here on the mushroom cap the squirrel left the mark of its claws and teeth. And this young boletus had its side bitten off by a vole. In a word, many animals eat mushrooms. The squirrel, as you know, even stores them for the winter, pinning them on twigs. Animals' tastes do not always coincide with ours. They also do not ignore mushrooms that are dangerous to us, for example, fly agaric. Slugs, magpies, and squirrels do not disdain them. And moose swallow these mushrooms whole, sometimes several at a time. Fly agarics for moose are a medicine that helps get rid of worms. Perhaps other animals are treated with them.

It is also necessary to remember that many fungi are involved in processing plant residues in the forest: they destroy stumps, fallen trunks, fallen branches, and dead foliage. These are forest orderlies, without whom we cannot do without.

But how often does a person, walking through the forest, kick or knock down fly agaric mushrooms, valui and even russula with a stick? To do this means not to respect the forest, not to understand, not to love it!

And if we talk about fly agaric, then this mushroom helps pine, spruce, birch and other trees grow. It also decorates the forest. This is also important.

And boletus This mushroom brings joy, admiration, respect. What other mushroom, after being cut, is held in their hands for so long without rushing to put it in the basket?! What other mushroom always counts even in the most mushroom place?!

Why is the boletus called white? After all, his hat is brown, and his leg is not entirely white. But because porcini mushrooms always remain white – whether in a frying pan, in soup, or dried. That's why they are white. As for the other name - boletus, according to the law it is attributed to only one of the varieties of porcini mushroom - the pine one. It is these mushrooms that are found in pine forests. Their cap is reddish-brown, and the leg is usually very thick. Therefore, the mushroom looks important, pompous, his real majesty. But we are used to calling any porcini mushrooms porcini mushrooms. And their spruce variety, with a brown cap, and oak, with a lighter, slightly grayish cap, and birch, with an even lighter (yellowish or even almost white) cap. Scientists also identify other varieties of porcini mushroom - about two dozen in total.

People call the porcini mushroom the “king of mushrooms”, and sometimes the “colonel”.

There were terrible stories. In different years and in different countries, after eating mushrooms, either the emperor, or the king, or the Pope died in agony. It happened that people died from mushroom cunning in Russia. But still, in Rus' they usually lived in peace with mushrooms. They knew well and, as a rule, did not confuse edible with poisonous.

As with everything, when it comes to mushrooms, some people are extremely suspicious, others are careless. We need a golden mean. In this case, you need to remember:

1. Don’t pick mushrooms you don’t know.

2. Do not collect those mushrooms whose edibility there is even the slightest doubt.

3. Constantly expand your knowledge about mushrooms - then there will be fewer doubts.

It's easiest with fly agaric. No one would think of making a roast out of it. Another thing is that mushrooms are doubles. The porcini mushroom has an inedible double. This is a gall mushroom, or false white. Here's how to tell them apart. The “king of mushrooms” has a white and yellowish cap on the bottom, a pattern in the form of a white mesh on the stem, and the flesh remains white when cut. His imitator has a pink cap on the bottom, a black mesh on the stem, and the flesh turns pink when cut. Inedible mushrooms are not necessarily poisonous. There is no poison in the gall mushroom - it is just very bitter, like bile.

But doubles are poisonous. The summer honey fungus has cream or brown plates on its cap, while its counterpart, the false honey fungus, has gray-yellow and greenish. In addition, as the name indicates, the general color of the double is somehow unpleasant and poisonous. These mushrooms often grow nearby and can be found both in summer and autumn. At the end of summer, the autumn, or true, honey fungus appears. It can be fried, salted, dried, pickled. Eating this mushroom in any form will give you great pleasure. Unless, of course, you mistakenly collect cinnamon-red false honey. This mushroom has a brighter, truly cinnamon-red cap, and the plates are gray and even black. Its flesh is yellow with an unpleasant odor. The real honey mushroom has yellowish-white plates with dark spots, and the flesh is white with a good mushroom aroma.

The most dangerous of the poisonous mushrooms is the toadstool. It is almost impossible to save a person who has been poisoned by it. The point is not only the exceptional power of the poison, but also the fact that the first signs of poisoning - headache, dizziness, blurred vision, anxiety - appear only after 10-12 or even 30 hours. During this time, the poison has already thoroughly “worked” in the body, so that with any treatment there is little hope for recovery. The pale toadstool looks like a mushroom. But the champignon's plates are pink, and with age they turn purple, while the toadstool's plates are pure white. This is a very reliable sign. In addition, the toadstool has a torn sac at the base of the leg, which the champignon does not have. True, this bag is often immersed in moss, in the soil and is not noticeable. The cap of the pale toadstool is greenish on top.

However, if you come across a similar mushroom with a white rather than greenish cap, beware of it no less than the pale toadstool. Because this is its relative - the white grebe, which is also deadly poisonous.

I really like picking mushrooms. I do this with my mother. She tells me which mushrooms need to be picked and which ones are best left.

Together with my mother, we made a crossword puzzle about mushrooms. We invite you to solve it.

Riddles for the crossword puzzle “Mushrooms in the forest”

1. A man walked into a pine forest,

Found a slug.

It’s a pity to quit

Eat - raw. (milk)

2. The boy is standing,

Red cap. (Ryzhik)

3. There is an almost domestic mushroom -

Plant at least on arable land,

Even under the apple tree in the garden,

At least in plain sight of the wall. (Champignon)

4. I don’t argue – I’m not white,

I, brothers, am simpler.

I usually grow

In a birch grove. (Boletus)

5. He sits pot-bellied,

He looks from under a bush.

With a white leg below,

With a dark cap on top. (White)

6. Pink and wavy shirt,

There is a edging on the edge, and it’s fluffy. (Volnushka)

7. Red ears with a fox top

They lie in the grass, for little ones they eat. (Chanterelles)

8. What kind of mushrooms

Grows on white legs

Along the forest paths,

Visible from afar

Multi-colored hats? (Russula)

9. I'm growing up in a red cap

Among the aspen roots.

You'll see me a mile away

My name is _ (Boletus)

10. There is an old man standing on the forest, on the Jura,

Red dotted cap. (Amanita)

My mother also cooks very tasty mushroom dishes. Here are two recipes from my mom.

Mushroom dishes.

1. Mushroom solyanka.

For 2 kg of cabbage - 2 kg of mushrooms (porcini, aspen, boletus), 1 kg of carrots, 1 kg of onions. Chop everything and add 0.5 liters of sunflower oil, 1 glass of tomato paste, 2 tbsp. spoons of salt, 3 tbsp. spoons of sugar, 1 tbsp. a spoonful of vinegar. All this is stewed for 30 - 40 minutes. Place in sterilized jars and seal.

2. Fried mushrooms.

Required: 100g. porcini mushrooms, 50g. sour cream, 10g. butter.

Cut fresh porcini mushrooms into slices and fry in a frying pan with butter. Pour in sour cream and place in the oven for 5 minutes. Sprinkle with dill before serving.

Smolensky district

The forest is near Lake Aleksandrovskoye, we get there by bus number 20.

The forest is next to Lake Astrogan and can be reached by bus number 103.

The village of Spas-Lipki, you can get to it by bus number 133.

The village of Babny is located 30 kilometers from Smolensk, if you go in the direction of Kaspli.

If you want to find “your” place, where there will be no competitors with baskets, take a drive around the outskirts of Smolensk. Mushroom pickers assure that wherever the fields are overgrown with birch trees, boletus mushrooms can already be found.

Krasninsky district

The village of Gusino is located 20 km from the regional center near the M1 Belarus highway. This is one of the most popular places among mushroom pickers in the Smolensk region. Despite the fact that there are more and more lovers of “silent hunting” here from year to year, there is still enough prey for everyone!

Demidovsky district

The village of Nikitino, 15 kilometers from the regional center, if you go towards Velizh (next to the village of Zakrutye).

The village of Lukashevo, 18 kilometers from the regional center in the Velizh direction.

The village of Poluyanovo, next to the asphalt plant on the highway to Velizh.

Velizh district

The village of Sikachi, 7 kilometers from the regional center along the Vitebsk highway.

The village of Verkhovye (Verkhovskoye forestry), 18 km from the regional center along the Vitebsk highway.

The village of Panfilovo (opposite the village of Belyaevo), 25 kilometers from the regional center, next to the village of Kashino.

Elninsky district

The village of Pleshivtsevo, 20 kilometers from the regional center towards Dorogobuzh.

The village of Byvalka, 30 kilometers from the regional center in the Roslavl direction.

The villages of Fedorovka and Mutishchi, 18 kilometers from the regional center in a southeast direction.

Dukhovshchinsky district

The village of Ershi, 18 kilometers from the regional center in a northern direction (a little further than the villages of Obolonye and Efremovo).

The village of Ripshevo, 30 kilometers from the regional center in a northerly direction.

The village of Pleshcheyevo, 12 kilometers from the regional center in a northeast direction.

Roslavl district

Local residents say that mushrooms in this area can be found in any forest or grove.

The most popular place for collecting them is the village of Khokhlovka, located 12 kilometers from the regional center, if you go towards Yelnya (behind the village of Priselye).

What to put in the basket

Mushroom pickers unanimously claim that the forests of the Smolensk region are now full of chanterelles. You also have a chance to put the first boletus, boletus and boletus in your basket. And in a couple of weeks and until the end of September, the “catch” will become even richer: porcini mushrooms will “ripen” and a little later honey mushrooms.

We leave the toadstools to the forest!

It is difficult to deceive experienced mushroom pickers with poisonous mushrooms, but beginners may get caught. Therefore, listen to the advice of forest experts.

The easiest way to avoid mushroom poisoning is to collect only those mushrooms that you know well. It is better to go into the forest with a partner who knows well what edible and poisonous mushrooms look like. If you doubt any of the “gifts of the forest,” it’s better not to touch it at all!

The most valuable mushroom - white - has dangerous doubles: gall and satanic mushrooms. Poisonous “counterfeits” differ from white ones in that the underside of their cap is not white or yellowish, like boletus, but pink or even red. If you break the cap of a porcini mushroom, it will not change its color, but the broken caps of gall and satanic mushrooms will first turn red, then turn black.

An inexperienced collector may collect false honey mushrooms instead of real ones. Remember: edible honey mushrooms have a brownish-yellow cap and a ring-like film on the stem. False mushrooms have a yellow-green or reddish cap, and there is no ring on the stem.

If the mushrooms are excessively saturated with water, this indicates that they are overgrown or damaged. The decay process can produce substances harmful to health, such as the poison neurin, which can cause even edible mushrooms to become poisonous.

We collect according to the rules

Those who know how to collect them correctly will bring home more mushrooms. Experienced mushroom pickers advise:

When going mushroom hunting, you should take with you a small knife and a stick with a forked end to make it easier to push apart grass, dry leaves, pine needles and even branches. The most convenient container for mushrooms is a basket. Buckets, backpacks and especially plastic bags are not suitable. The mushrooms “burn” in them, crumble, and become wrinkled.

Collected mushrooms are immediately cleaned of soil, leaves, pine needles, grass and other debris adhering to them; remove parts affected by insect larvae. Heavily contaminated lower parts of the legs are cut off. It is better to put mushrooms in the basket with their caps down - this way they are better preserved.

Only young mushrooms with fairly dense pulp are suitable for food. An old, wormy, overripe mushroom should be thrown away, but not on the ground, where it will rot uselessly. It is better to string its hat on a tree or bush branch so that it dries. Then the wind will scatter the mushroom seeds - spores, and you will be able to return to the same place next season for a new mushroom harvest.

Mushrooms are collected early in the morning, before the sun heats them. In this case, the “production” can be stored for a longer time. Mushrooms, heated by the sun and tightly packed in a thick layer in a basket, quickly deteriorate - they become covered with mucus and emit an unpleasant odor. Of course, you can’t eat such mushrooms anymore.

When you come across an edible mushroom, under no circumstances pull it out of the ground, but carefully cut it off at the base with a knife, being sure to leave part of the stem in the ground. Thus, the mushroom site is preserved for a longer time. After cutting the mushroom, check if it is wormy. In addition, when cutting off the mushrooms with a knife, we at the same time clear their stems of adhering soil.

It is best to transport mushrooms in baskets or wooden boxes, placing no more than 2.5 kilograms of mushrooms in them.