Active volcanoes presentation. Presentation "Volcanoes". "You know what's on top of me

Ella Vassina
Presentation for senior group students on the topic “Volcano”

Target:

Introduce children to natural phenomena - volcano.

Tasks:

1- promote the development of cognitive activity in children, the desire for independent knowledge and reflection;

2- improve the ability to work with various materials, show a desire for transformation, and take a creative approach to solving assigned problems.

"I spit fire and lava,

I am a dangerous giant

I am famous for my evil fame,

What's my name?"

On a spaceship you can get into space, from where you can clearly see our planet. It is very huge and looks like a ball.

Deep below us, inside our planet, the earth is so hot that it looks like porridge.

There is water on our Earth (seas, rivers and oceans) and land (she's dry). We live on land. There are high mountains on land. Have you seen the mountains? The land is hard. But this is only from above, and deep inside the Earth it is so hot that even stones melt.

Word « VOLCANO» in Latin means "fire" And "flame". So named

one of the ancient Russian gods - the god of fire and blacksmithing.

Volcanoes there are eruptions

on the land…

There are also underwater...

"Sleepers" volcanoes differ little from other mountains.

But sometimes they "waking up", and then, the strong begins

underground roar, flames, ashes, red-hot

stones, volcanic bombs.

During an eruption volcano magma comes to the surface, it also

called LAVA.

The channel through which magma rises is called

MOUTH volcano.

Pieces of frozen lava - pumice. Look how interesting she is. There are air bubbles inside this pebble. This is because the lava boiled and seethed, and then froze.

Volcanoes seem beautiful, but they are very dangerous. After all, the fiery porridge is lava,

pouring out of the mountain, it can destroy cities where people live and start fires.

Scientists who monitor the condition volcanoes and can often predict the beginning of their eruptions called volcanologists.

Where fire flies from the mountain,

And it smokes from all sides,

There's a dangerous hooligan there

Awakened again (Volcano)

At that rather big mountain

The character is quiet for the time being.

But this could happen -

It will explode and smoke (Volcano)

The mountain woke up from its sleep,

It began to bubble and boil.

And it shot up from the cap

Lots of smoke, soot, ash.

The lava flows like honey, thick.

What do you call a mountain like this? (Volcano)

Publications on the topic:

Summary of direct educational activities in the educational field “Artistic and Aesthetic Development” with children 5-6.

• Volcanic eruptions remind us of the formidable and indomitable forces that are hidden in the bowels of the Earth.

• The mystery of the causes of volcanism has always aroused fear and keen interest among people, and the tragic consequences of eruptions forced them to study this element.

• Volcano formation

• When a magma chamber forms in the depths of the Earth, molten liquid magma presses from below on the tectonic plate with such force that it begins to crack. Magma rushes upward along cracks and faults, melting the rock and widening the cracks. This creates an exit channel. It passes through the center of the volcano, through which molten magma pours out from the crater of the volcano to the outside in the form of fiery liquid lava. The products of the eruption - pumice, lava, tuffs - settle on the slopes of the volcano, forming a cone. At the top of the volcano there is a depression - a crater. At the bottom of the crater you can see the crater of the volcano - the opening of the outlet channel through which ash, hot gases and water vapor, lava and rock fragments erupt. Volcano vents can be gaping, empty, or filled with molten lava. If lava hardens in a crater, a solid plug is formed, which can only be broken through by a strong volcanic eruption, resulting in a powerful explosion.

• Types of volcanoes

• Active volcanoes

• Volcanoes spew out molten rock, ash, gases, and rocks from time to time. This happens because deep below them there is a magma chamber, similar to a huge furnace in which rock melts, turning into fiery liquid lava.

• Those volcanoes are also considered active if there is any evidence of eruptions in human history.

• Extinct volcanoes

• Inactive volcanoes were active only in prehistoric times. The hearth beneath them has long gone out, and they themselves are so badly destroyed that only geological research reveals traces of ancient volcanic activity.

• Dormant volcanoes

• Dormant volcanoes have not erupted in historical times, but a catastrophic eruption may begin at any moment, because the magma chamber beneath them has not gone out. Dormant volcanoes show signs of life: they can smoke - smoke comes from their crater, gases and steam are released from cracks in the mountain, hot springs gush out. The longer a dormant volcano remains dormant, the more dangerous it is: the power of its explosive awakening can be catastrophic.

• Types of eruptions

• Explosive eruptions

• A volcano explosion occurs when volcanic gases are released from thick magma. During such eruptions, mountain tops are destroyed and millions of tons of ash are thrown into the sky to great heights.
• Ash, gases and steam rise tens of kilometers into the sky in the form of curly clouds.

• Effusive eruptions

• During an effusive volcanic eruption, liquid lava flows freely to form lava flows and sheets

• Extrusive eruptions

• A huge amount of burning gases and hot lava dust is emitted from the crater of the volcano. Spreading around the volcano with tremendous speed, this scorching cloud burns everything over a very large area with lightning speed.

• Eruption products

• Everything that comes out of the bowels of the Earth during volcanic eruptions is called eruption products.

• They are liquid, solid and gaseous.

• The liquid products of an eruption include lava.

• Lava- this is magma that spills onto the surface of the earth

• Types of lava flow.

• It has a smooth or slightly wrinkled surface and is composed of liquid lava. When hardened, such lava forms a flat, smooth surface, sometimes with long wriggling wrinkles in the form of snakes and thick ropes. It is often called “rope lava.”

• It has an uneven surface with cracks. This lava is very thick and viscous, so the flow moves slowly. When the lava begins to cool, it cracks into pieces, but they continue to move like clockwork on the hot lava that has not yet had time to cool. The upper hardened layer of lava resembles piles of slag, which is formed from the combustion of coal.

• Lava flow "ah-ah"

• Pa-hoe-hoe lava flow

• Pyroclasts

• Rock fragments that are thrown out by gases during volcanic eruptions are called pyroclasts

• Volcanic gases

• Volcanic phenomena are associated with the action of gases. If the magma is very liquid, gases are released freely and do not threaten explosions. Gases can foam even viscous magma, forming porous pumice, disperse magma into small particles - volcanic ash and sand - and, combining with them, form a deadly scorching cloud.
• And finally, gases can scatter rock fragments hundreds of meters from the crater of a volcano.

• Volcanoes in Kamchatka

• Bezymyanny Volcano

• Bezymyanny volcano is located near Klyuchevaya Sopka. It was considered extinct, and the power of its awakening was gigantic. On March 30, 1956, a terrible explosion destroyed the entire upper part of the volcano. Clouds of ash shot up almost 40 km, from

• From the vent, a powerful stream of hot gas, volcanic sand and ash burst out, which burned out all the vegetation for 25 km around the volcano. A lava dome began to grow from the craters. Now the base of this dome is 750 m, and the height is 320 m. Fortunately, despite all the fury of the eruption, no one died; not a single living soul was within a radius of 45 km from the volcano during the hours of the eruption.

• Tolbachinskaya Sopka

• Tolbachik Volcano is a very active volcano. At its peak, 3085 m high, there was a huge caldera with a crater 300 m in diameter and 150 meters deep. From time to time, a small lake of hot lava appeared in the crater. In 1975-1976, an Icelandic-type fissure eruption occurred. It lasted continuously for 520 days.

• In a very short time, many cracks more than a kilometer long formed. All this was accompanied by the spilling and gushing of lava. During the eruption of Tolbachik, two cubic kilometers of volcanic products were thrown to the surface from the depths of the Earth. This is the largest known volcanic eruption in Kamchatka and the Kuril Islands.

• Volcano in the Philippines

• Mayon Volcano, the most active on the island of Luzon. On October 23, 1776, it caused the death of 2,000 people when huge amounts of lava were ejected from its crater.

• Volcano Mayon

• Mayon's longest eruption occurred in 1897. It lasted from June 23 to June 30 and claimed 400 lives.

• Volcanoes of the Mediterranean

• Volcano Stromboli

• In the south of Italy, near the island of Vulcano. The volcano island of Stromboli is located. It has a very restless character, and it has been active for several millennia almost without interruption. From time to time, explosions occur in its crater, and hot slag and volcanic bombs fly up tens and sometimes hundreds of meters, but lava usually does not flow from it.

• One of the most powerful eruptions of Stromboli was noted in 1930, and since the fifteenth century there have already been seven of them.

• Volcanoes of the Atlantic

• In the south of Iceland is the volcanic Laki mountain range, which contains more than a hundred cones.
• The ridge reaches a height of 818 m and a length of 25 km.

• June 8, 1783.
• Not far from the town of Vatnajo-kull in the southeast of Iceland, a powerful eruption of the Laki volcano began. It lasted 8 months, the length of the flow of lava that came to light was almost 70 kilometers, and the volume of this mass, moving at a speed of over 45 km/h, was equal to 12,000 cubic meters and occupied an area of ​​579 square kilometers.

• Volcano Laki

• Volcanoes of Africa

• Mount Kilimanjaro

• Kilimanjaro is a volcanic mountain range in eastern Africa
• The massif consists of three peaks - Kibo, Mawenzi and Shira. The Mawenzi and Shira volcanoes have long been extinct, and Kibo continues to smoke volcanic gases through openings on the slopes.

• Volcanoes of the Pacific Ocean

• Mount St. Helens

• In North America, in the Cordillera, Mount St. Helens is perhaps the lowest among other peaks - its height is only 2950 meters.
• On March 20, 1980, four powerful tremors shook the area, and on March 27, 47 tremors with a force of up to three points. At noon of the same day, a deafening explosion was heard near the very top.
• This monstrous explosion claimed the lives of 62 people.

• Show the following volcanoes on the map:
• Nameless, Tolbachik Sopka, Mayon, Stromboli, Lucky, Kilimanjaro, St. Helens
• Show on the map the volcanoes that erupted in the last year

• Questions about the material covered

• 1.What types of volcanoes are there?

• 3.What types of eruptions do you know?

• 5.What are the products of the eruption?

• 2.How are volcanoes formed?

• 4.Give a brief description of each type of eruption.

Lesson objectives: Talk about volcanoes and volcanic eruptions as dangerous natural phenomena. To form an idea of ​​the diversity of volcanic eruptions. To develop knowledge about the areas where volcanoes occur in the world. Continue learning how to work with an atlas map.

The birth of a volcano As soon as a crack appears in the earth's crust, coming from the depths of the Earth's surface, the pressure under it drops sharply and the deep substances turn into a fiery liquid mass - magma. It rises through cracks, losing some of the gases and pours onto the surface of the Earth, forming lava.

Volcanoes Active Extinct Dormant volcanoes that erupted today or in historical times. There are 800 of them (in Kamchatka). There is no information about their activities, but sometimes they begin to act. have been inactive for many thousands of years. (Crimea, Transbaikalia).

Determine the world's volcanoes by geographic coordinates. Which of these volcanoes are active and which are extinct? Mark the volcanoes on the contour map ° N, 160 ° E ° N, 44 ° E ° N, 138 ° E. Determine the geographic coordinates for the volcanoes: 1. Vesuvius, 2. Krakatoa, 3. Kilimanjaro, 4. Etna, 5. Orizabo, 6. Llullaillaco. Practical task

Types of volcanic eruptions: Hawaiian type This youngest and most active volcano on the planet woke up in 2007 in Hawaii. Hot lava flowed from the slopes of the mountain directly into the Pacific Ocean. Kilauea's last significant eruptions occurred in 1952, 1954 and 1955. The volcanic eruption does not pose a danger to local residents; moreover, it brings them good income, since thousands of tourists come to Hawaii to see the fiery streams with their own eyes.

Types of volcanic eruptions: Vesuvian type The mouth of Vesuvius opened the smoke, a cloud of flames gushed out, It developed widely, like a battle flag. The earth is shaking from the shaky columns. Idols are falling! The people, driven by fear, Under the rain of stones, under the inflamed ashes, In crowds, old and young, fleeing from the city. (A.S. Pushkin)

Quiz. 1.What is the name of the complex process in which magma rises from the depths of the earth and, breaking through the earth’s crust, pours out to the surface? 2. What is lava? 3. What is a volcano crater? 4. What is a vent? 5. Name the products of volcanic eruptions.

Technological map Task 1

I want to know

What is a volcano ?

• Volcano- (from Latin vulcanus - fire, flame), a conical mountain, from the neck of which hot gases, steam, ash, rock fragments, as well as powerful streams of hot lava are emitted, which spread over the surface of the earth.
• A volcano is a geological formation on the surface of the earth’s crust or the crust of another planet, where magma comes to the surface, forming lava, volcanic gases, and stones.
• Volcanoes are conical mountains formed by the products of their eruptions.

Technological map Task 2.

Volcano is…………………………………………………………………………………...

…………………………………………………………………………………………………… ...

………………………………………………………………………………………………… .....

Structure of the volcano

• A magma chamber is a place under the earth's crust,

where magma collects.

• A volcanic vent is a channel through which magma rises.
• A volcano crater is a bowl-shaped depression at the top of a mountain.
• Lava is erupted magma.

Technological map Task 3 Complete the diagram “Structure of a volcano”

Eruption- this is the release of molten matter from the Earth’s crust and mantle to the surface of the planet, called magma .

Historical catastrophe of volcanic origin

K. Bryullov “The Last Day of Pompeii”

Causes of volcanic eruptions

Earthquake;

Pressure drop in the magma chamber. And with a sudden decrease in pressure, the magma melts, the gases expand and rush out.

Signs of a volcanic eruption

Almost always a volcanic eruption can be predicted. The most characteristic signs of the “awakening” of a volcano are:

• - increased release of gases and

mineral waters on it

• - temperature increase;
• - underground hum.

Types of volcanic eruptions

If gases are released from the magma relatively calmly, then it flows to the surface, forming lava flows. This eruption was called effusive.

If gases are released quickly, the magmatic melt appears to instantly boil and burst with expanding gas bubbles.

Something powerful is happening.

explosive eruption

which received

Name explosive.

If the magma is very viscous and its temperature is low, then it is slowly squeezed out to the surface. Such an eruption is called extrusive.

Types of volcanoes

Most common central type volcanoes is a hill, mountain or hill with a depression at the top – crater , from which magma comes to the surface. Ejected during a volcanic eruption

rock fragments from it,

ash, poured lava

remain on its slopes.

The height of the mountain increases -

Xia, and with it the crater

moves higher and higher

Another type of volcano is linear or fissure . Their occurrence is associated with the rise of liquid basaltic magma along a crack in the earth's crust. Liquid lava spreads over vast areas, forming lava sheets. Such a volcano looks like a crack on the surface of the Earth.

Active volcanoes

Krakatoa

Fujiyama

Klyuchevskaya Sopka

Extinct volcanoes

Kilimanjaro

TEST

1. Geological formation that appears above channels and cracks in the earth’s crust, through which ash, lava, hot gases, water vapor, and rock fragments are erupted onto the earth’s surface

a) earthquake

b) seaquake

c) volcano

2. The word “volcano” comes from the name of the ancient Roman god:

a) the underworld

3.Find two reasons for a volcanic eruption

a) flood

b) earthquake

c) pressure drop in the magma chamber

d) tsunami

4. Find three signs of a volcanic eruption

a) increased release of gases and mineral waters;

b) increase in temperature;

c) underground hum.

d) decrease in temperature

5. Choose the wrong classification of volcanoes a) by shape b) by the amount of erupted lava c) by activity

d) by location

Answers to the test

3 - b, c

4 - a, b, c

Homework

Chapter 2, paragraph 5, tasks from the technological map Creative task:

(optional and desired)

make a model of a volcano;

make a selection of facts about the volcanic eruption

Volcanoes presentation was prepared by a student of class 5-A of MKOU “Secondary School No. 16” Ershov Ivan Head: Mostovaya Alla Nikolaevna

Volcanoes is the name of the ancient god of fire, the patron of blacksmithing. According to myths, his forge was located in the bowels of the earth, and smoke and flames from it came out through the crater of Mount Etna.

The ancient Greeks considered volcanoes to be the forge of the god Hephaestus and treated them with great respect

If a crack appears in the earth’s crust, a hot, molten substance – magma – rises along it from the depths of the planet, under enormous pressure.

The ancient Romans feared the unpredictable wrath of volcanoes. On August 24, 79, the Roman cities of Pompeii, Herculaneum and Stabia were destroyed by the eruption of Vesuvius

If magma pours onto the surface of the Earth, hot gases escape from it, and it is already called lava.

Cooled lava forms a raised surface around cracks in the ground. It grows and turns into a mountain – a cone. This is how a volcano grows. At its top there is a depression - a crater.

Sometimes the volcano “sleeps” for many years and people forget about it

cities grow on its slopes

Volcanoes are divided into: active, currently erupting constantly or periodically; asleep, about whose eruptions there is no information, but they have retained their shape and local earthquakes occur under them; extinct, heavily destroyed and eroded volcanoes without any manifestations of volcanic activity

Jets and steam gases rise from cracks on the bottom and walls of the crater. Sometimes they calmly emerge from under stones and crevices, and sometimes they escape with a whistle and hiss. The volcano can quietly smoke for months and years until an eruption occurs. This event is often preceded by an earthquake; An underground rumble is heard, the release of vapors and gases intensifies, clouds thicken over the top of the volcano.

Vulcan wakes up

eruption begins

eruption begins

View of an erupting volcano from an airplane

Eruptions can be long-term (over several years, decades and centuries) and short-term (measured in hours). After a strong eruption, the volcano returns to a state of rest for several years and even decades.

Scientists study the volcano during an eruption

After the eruption, a scorched desert remains, and life will not appear in this place soon

A volcanic bomb is pieces of cooled lava ejected during volcanic eruptions in a liquid or plastic state and taking on round, spindle-shaped and other shapes.

There are more than 800 active volcanoes on earth. Volcano Etna Cotopaxi, Ecuador

We have about 70 of them in Russia. Karymsky Volcano is located in the central part of the volcanic belt of Kamchatka. Nowadays, the Karymsky volcano is one of the most active in the world.

Maly Semyachik Volcano is part of the Karymsky group of volcanoes and is located 15 km northeast of the Karymsky volcano.

Volcanic eruptions also occur at the bottom of seas and oceans.

Sailors learn about this when they suddenly see a column of steam above the water.

or “stone foam” floating on the surface - pumice.

Some underwater volcanoes form cones that protrude above the surface of the water in the form of islands.