Ryazan Kremlin history short. Ryazan Kremlin: what to see, attractions, museums. Railway stations in Ryazan

We can safely say that the Kremlin is the main city attraction of Ryazan. It is located on the site of an ancient fortress, from which the whole city went. Now the old buildings house expositions covering various milestones in the history of the Ryazan Territory. During my last trip to Ryazan, I finally visited almost all the museums and exhibitions in the local Kremlin, which I want to talk about in this article.

Ryazan Kremlin

Since it was quite difficult to find a free place for a car on Cathedral Square, we drove a little further and went to the Kremlin not along the central alley, but on the right side near the Ilyinsky Church. Once it was possible to get to the Kremlin through the Glebovsky gates. In their place now stands the tall Cathedral bell tower, to which the stone Glebovsky bridge leads.

Ryazan Kremlin

If you stop on it, you can see the remains of the moat surrounding the Kremlin.

Ryazan Kremlin

We stick to the right side and walk along the walls of the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery.

Ryazan Kremlin

Since we were not dressed appropriately, we decided not to enter the monastery territory, especially since there were numerous museums ahead of us. It is known that the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery already existed in the 13th century. In the century before last, the richest citizens were buried on its territory. Local artists were also buried there: engraver I.P. Pozhalostin, poet Ya.P. Polonsky and many others. Some time after the revolution, the monastery was closed and apartments were equipped in some of its premises. In the 20s. XX century in one of these apartments lived the family of the poet K. Simonov.
We are approaching the most grandiose building of the entire architectural ensemble of the Ryazan Kremlin - the Assumption Cathedral.

Assumption Cathedral

Ryazan Kremlin

It was built at the end of the 17th century by the famous serf architect Yakov Bukhvostov. He built in the then fashionable style of "Naryshkin baroque". When decorating the temple, an amazing stone carving was used, which adorns the architraves and portals of the temple.

Ryazan Kremlin

We saw similar patterns on the temple in Ubory near Moscow, because it was built by the same architect almost simultaneously with the cathedral in Ryazan. In addition, the Assumption Cathedral has amazingly beautiful doors: they are made of wrought iron and covered with mica, which creates the effect of lace. Against their background, newlyweds are often photographed, as their unusual pattern gives a certain romance to photographs.

Ryazan Kremlin

We went into the temple, inside it is still being restored, since many frescoes were painted over after the revolution, and the valuables were taken out.

Nativity Cathedral

Next to the Assumption is the yellow Cathedral of the Nativity of Christ. It is more ancient and used to be the tomb of the Ryazan princes. This temple is winter, and the Assumption is open only in summer.

Ryazan Kremlin

"Oleg's Palace"

This is a former house church in which the Ryazan bishops rest. We pass into the yard. Before us are beautiful bishops' chambers, which since the 19th century have been called "Oleg's Palace". It is assumed that the courtyard of the Grand Duke Oleg of Ryazan stood at this place. Inside there are a number of expositions and the Kremlin cash desks.

Ryazan Kremlin

Inspection of all exhibitions by one adult costs about 300 rubles. Moreover, it seemed strange to me that a single ticket for 270 rubles is valid only on weekends. For 90 rubles you can take a picture in a historical costume, which is quite cheap by Moscow standards. In Kolomenskoye, as far as I remember, such a service cost 300 rubles a few years ago.

Oleg's palace Exhibition "From Russia to Russia"

So, the first exposition in Oleg's Palace is called "From Russia to Russia". Before us is a model of ancient Ryazan, which was destroyed by Batu Khan in 1237. Now, on the site of the once prosperous city, there is no stone left unturned, so this is the only way we can imagine how it looked. It can be seen that all the buildings in the city, with the exception of temples, were wooden.

Ryazan Kremlin

In the showcases are various exhibits found during excavations at the site of Old Ryazan.

Ryazan Kremlin

At that time, pottery and blacksmithing flourished in the principality. Before us are metal and ceramic products dating from the 12th-13th centuries.

Ryazan Kremlin

Scientists reconstructed an ancient forge and pottery workshop.

Ryazan Kremlin

We also see various household items and jewelry from the treasures of Old Ryazan.

Ryazan Kremlin

Ryazan Kremlin

Ryazan Kremlin

In the center of the hall is a model of a ship that supposedly sailed along the Oka in the 12th-13th centuries.

Ryazan Kremlin

The river at that time was an important transport artery, so Ryazan was a fairly rich city. According to scientists, before the invasion of the Tatars, all the inhabitants of Ryazan lived in large city estates, there were no poor people. Here we come to the diorama "Defense of Old Ryazan in 1237"

Diorama "Defense of Old Ryazan in 1237"

Ryazan Kremlin

In a few minutes, the announcer talks about the tragic events in the history of the ancient city.

Ryazan Kremlin

In the autumn of 1237, the envoys of Batu Khan arrived in Ryazan and demanded a tenth of all city property as a tribute.

Ryazan Kremlin

Prince Yuri Igorevich, who then ruled Ryazan, refused them, and he himself sent messengers to neighboring principalities asking for help. At the same time, his son Fyodor Yurievich, who ruled in Zaraysk, went to the horde with gifts and tried to negotiate with the khan. Batu was informed that Fedor's wife Evpraksia had an unearthly beauty, and he demanded her as his concubine. Fedor Yurievich refused him, for which he was brutally killed in the horde. Eupraxia, when she heard about the death of her husband and realized that the enemy would come for her, threw herself with her young son from the fortress walls. We saw a picture of this story in the Konstantin Vasiliev Museum in Moscow.

Next to the diorama we see a model of the Assumption Cathedral, which stood in Old Ryazan before it was destroyed by Batu. At the base of the temple are fragments of columns, decorated with carvings. As it is written on the tablet, these fragments were found in the ancient settlement of Old Ryazan at the base of the Borisoglebsky Cathedral.

Ryazan Kremlin

Then we move on to the halls, which tell about the history of the principality in the second half of the 14th century. The showcases contain various household items, dishes, toys of that time.

Ryazan Kremlin

A separate place is given to military clothing and weapons. Of particular interest is the chain mail of Prince Oleg of Ryazan, which was previously kept in the Solotchinsk Monastery, which this prince founded and where he was buried.

Ryazan Kremlin

Before his death, the prince took tonsure. In the museum we see his image together with his wife Efrosinya.

Silver bowls and hryvnias are also displayed in the showcases.

Ryazan Kremlin

In the next room, the 17th century begins. Here we see foreign atlases and maps, engravings depicting views of Russia. Also here is the clothing of the XVII-XVIII centuries.

Ryazan Kremlin

We see in front of us portraits of Peter the Great and his mother Natalya Kirillovna Naryshkina. The grandfather of Peter the Great Kirill Poluektovich Naryshkin lived in Ryazan, his estate was located in the center of the city. The Naryshkins also owned numerous estates near Ryazan.

Ryazan Kremlin

In the following rooms exhibits are presented, illustrating the era of Catherine the Great. Under her rule, the Ryazan province was formed and a new plan for Ryazan and county towns was approved.

Ryazan Kremlin

Old photos of Ryazan are shown here. Portraits of governors and simply famous natives of the Ryazan Territory hang on the walls.

Ryazan Kremlin

In the showcases we see dishes, objects and clothes of that time.

Ryazan Kremlin

At the end of the hall you can take pictures in historical costumes.

Ryazan Kremlin

Then we go to the exhibition dedicated to the 240th anniversary of the birth of the famous navigator V.M. Golovnin, a native of the Ryazan province. In the first half of the 19th century, he made a round-the-world trip, about which memories and drawings have been preserved.

Ryazan Kremlin

After that, we leave Oleg's Palace and head to the Singing Corps, where

Singing Corps. Exposition "According to the custom of grandfather"

Ryazan Kremlin

First, in the hall we see tiles found during excavations on the territory of the Kremlin.

exposition "According to grandfather's custom".

Then we move on to the painted vestibule.

exposition "According to grandfather's custom".

Here you can get acquainted with the life of wealthy citizens of the XVII-XVIII centuries. Here we have the governor's chamber.

exposition "According to grandfather's custom".

Nearby is the female half: someone is busy with business, and someone reads morals to the younger ones.

exposition "According to grandfather's custom".

exposition "According to grandfather's custom".

In this room you can admire the magnificent Russian stove decorated with tiles.

exposition "According to grandfather's custom".

We go up the spiral staircase to the second floor, where you can get acquainted with the life of the peasants of the same period.

exposition "According to grandfather's custom".

A separate room hosts the exhibition "Muslims in the History of Russia". Costumes and photographs of representatives of Muslim peoples living in the Ryazan region are exhibited here.

exposition "According to grandfather's custom".

Historically, quite a lot of Tatars live in Kasimov and the villages near it. In addition, near the regional center of Sasovo there is a Tatar village of Bastanovo, now about two hundred people are officially registered in it.

Ryazan Kremlin

Exposition "Russian army"

Ryazan Kremlin

This building was built in the 17th century and originally served as a grain granary. In the 19th century it was converted into a hotel. Now in the halls of the exposition one can trace the stages of the origin and development of the Russian army. First, armor and weapons from the period of the 12th-16th centuries are presented.

Ryazan Kremlin

The exposition was composed not without humor: to place on the same wall with the background red flag a portrait of Marshal G. Zhukov and an icon is strong.

Ryazan Kremlin

But most of the stories are, of course, very tragic. I was especially struck by the portrait of the collective farmer M.K. Levina from the village of Taradei, Shatsk District: her husband and four sons were called to the front. They all died. This is not the movie "Saving Private Ryan", but the harsh Soviet reality.

Ryazan Kremlin

On the second floor there is an exposition "Archaeology reveals secrets". First, we can get acquainted with the various stages of the work of archaeologists on the example of excavations on the territory of Pereyaslavl-Ryazan.

Ryazan Kremlin

Before us are archaeological finds and a reconstructed portrait of Prince Oleg of Ryazan.

Ryazan Kremlin

According to scientists in the XV-XVII centuries. the townspeople lived in large estates, a model of one of them can be seen in the center of the hall.

Ryazan Kremlin

On this, our tour of the Kremlin expositions came to an end. It was not possible to visit only the Consistory Corps with the expositions "Man and Nature" and "Before our era", since it does not work on Friday.

Ryazan Kremlin

At the end of our walk around the Kremlin, we stopped by a souvenir shop and then went to museum of I.P. Pavlova

The Kremlin is the oldest part of the city of Ryazan. It was on this place that Pereyaslavl Ryazansky was founded in 1095, which in 1778 was renamed to its current name. The place for construction was chosen ideally. The Ryazan Kremlin is located on a high platform with an area of ​​26 hectares and the shape of an irregular quadrangle, surrounded on three sides by rivers. And the traces of an ancient settlement found here date back to generally one thousand years BC.

A bit of history

Pereyaslavl, according to the assumptions of archaeologists, was founded on the shore of Lake Bystry, in the northern part of the hill. This has been confirmed with the latest technology. Then it began to develop rapidly and by the 14th century it already occupied the entire Kremlin hill. The reason is very simple: by the end of the 13th century, the city changed its status, became the capital city of the principality, since Ryazan, which had such a rank before, was repeatedly destroyed during the Mongol-Tatar raids. Pereyaslavl, as the history of the Ryazan Kremlin says, very quickly went beyond the hill and grew noticeably to the west and south.

And the Kremlin itself remained the most fortified, central part of the city and was a very powerful fortress with a system traditional for Russia. On the only side, the southwestern one, not protected by rivers, a moat was dug, and a rampart was poured around the entire perimeter. Fortified wooden walls with 12 towers were erected on it. The gates of the Glebovskaya tower were the main ones and looked towards Moscow. In the 18th century, Pereyaslavl lost its importance as an outpost in the south of Russia, and most of the military structures were demolished. Only a fragment of a shaft 300 meters long and a ditch in the southwestern part have remained to our time.

Further development of the Kremlin

For a relatively long time, the Ryazan Kremlin was built up from wood. And only at the beginning of the 15th century, from white stone, not far from the princely court, the cathedral citywide Assumption Cathedral was erected. And in the second half of the 17th century, the heyday of stone architecture fell in Pereyaslavl.

On the site where the princely palace complex was previously located, the builders erected a whole ensemble consisting of many civil structures: a number of utility and administrative buildings, including a cooper's house, a smithy, the Consistor's and Singer's buildings, the residential chambers of the bishop, which they later called " Oleg's Palace. In the next, 18th century, these possessions were surrounded by a stone fence and several gates were installed. At present, a fragment of some of them can be observed near the Consistory Corps.

Monasteries of Pereyaslavl and Cathedral Square

In ancient times, two monasteries were located on this territory - both men's. In the south - Spassky, the most ancient, in the northeast - Dukhovsky. For a long time, there was a city, very rich, cemetery on the territory of the first. In the 40s of the last century, it was liquidated, leaving two burials in memory for the heirs:

And in 1959, from near Ryazan, the grave of a major Russian poet who lived in the 19th century was transferred there. The most important place of Pereyaslavl was Cathedral Square, on the territory of which were located: clerk's huts - the main institutions of the city administration, powder chambers and a prison yard.

Ryazan Kremlin in the late 19th - early 20th century

By the 19th century, this object gradually lost its central importance. The secularization of the lands of the church was carried out, and after that the economy of the bishop was significantly reduced. By the end of the 18th century, the city center was moved away from the Kremlin, and since then, revival has been observed here only on the days of various religious holidays.

The rest of the time - a quiet and calm outskirts. But at the beginning of the 20th century, thanks to the activities of the scientific and cultural city community, as well as local researchers, the Ryazan Kremlin began to acquire the status of one of the main and important historical sites in the region. By the 800th anniversary of the city, in 1895, this place became the center of grandiose celebrations. In Oleg's Palace in 1914, a museum of church antiquities, the Ancient Storage Museum, was opened, and in 1923, already in Soviet times, the provincial art and history museum.

These historical places are now

The new stage of the Ryazan Kremlin Museum-Reserve began in 1968, when the local authorities formed an architectural and historical complex here. In addition to the territory of ancient Pereyaslavl, it includes all the architectural and defensive structures of past centuries that have survived to those days.

The area itself was put in order, some of the buildings were restored and turned into museums. Today, this ensemble, together with a picturesque landscape and the most beautiful ancient Russian architecture, adequately represents not only the regional center, the city of Ryazan, but is one of the decorations and pride of all of Russia.

Assumption Cathedral

Every year, many tourists come to these places to get a little insight into the past of their country, foreigners - to learn a part of Russian history. So, the central monument here is the Assumption Cathedral of the Ryazan Kremlin, which we have already mentioned briefly. It was built by Yakov Grigoryevich Bukhvostov, the largest architect, in 1693-1699. The cathedral was built as a cathedral summer temple, but it turned out to be a grandiose structure, which, with its size, 1600 square meters and 72 meters in height, surpassed most of the buildings of that time.

The architectural style of the building is the Naryshkin baroque, which is a magnificent example of the organic synthesis of icon painting, sculpture and architecture. For example, the carving of architraves and portals on white stone has no analogues. Seven tiers of icons with a total height of 27 meters were made by the student and follower Nikolai Solomonov. The carving of the iconostasis, made by Sergei Khristoforov, is also distinguished by exceptional artistic merit. The columns are made from one tree trunk each. During the summer, the cathedral is open to the public. It even hosts worship services. In 2008, it ceased to be a museum and was transferred to the local diocese.

Glebovsky bridge and rampart

Considering the cathedrals of the Ryazan Kremlin, one cannot fail to mention the Nativity Cathedral, which contains the relics of St. Basil of Ryazan, the bishop, as well as the tomb of local princesses: Sophia, the daughter of Dmitry Donskoy, and the sister of Ivan the Third, Anna. On the territory of the Kremlin there is a stone Glebovsky bridge, which was built to the Bell Tower in the 18th century. It has an arched structure. Even earlier, in its place was a wooden bridge made of oak, with a railing and connecting the main part of the city with Ostrog.

As soon as the threat of external attacks disappeared, it was replaced with a stone one. From the south-west of the Kremlin hill there is another fortification of antiquity - an earthen rampart. Its length is 290 meters, all that is left. Previously, until the 18th century, it had wooden walls and towers. And behind it was a moat filled with water and up to seven meters deep. And although now the shaft is less high and gentle, it still impressively and proudly rises above the surrounding territory.

Oleg's Palace

If you decide to visit the Ryazan Kremlin, excursions will help you to become more comfortable and familiarize yourself with all interesting places. You will definitely be shown, for example, the largest civil building in terms of area - Oleg's Palace, which was erected on the site where the prince's court was originally located. There used to be chambers of local bishops, their household services, fraternal cells and a house church. The area of ​​the building is 2530 square meters.

It has three floors, which were not built all at once, but in stages. In the middle of the 17th century, the architect Yu. K. Ershov built the first two, and at the end of the same century, the architect G. L. Mazukhin built the third. In 1780, the length of the building was increased by the architect Ya. I. Schneider, thanks to an extension to the eastern part. And in the next century, the provincial architect S. A. Shchetkin completely rebuilt it. It turned out to be a very beautiful building with a baroque pediment, colored architraves and tower windows. Since then, it has become known as Oleg's Palace.

Singing Corps

Studying the museums of the Ryazan Kremlin, one cannot but pay attention to the monument of architecture of the middle of the 17th century - the Singing Corps. Built by the architect Yu. K. Ershov, it got its name because of the training of singers held here. Although, in fact, the main purpose of the building is different. These were living quarters for the treasurer and housekeeper, bishops' servants. At the end of the building there was a reception room, which had its own separate entrance. The building is rectangular, two-storey, designed in the architectural style of that time.

Thanks to the porch, made in the style of the architecture of ancient Russia, it has a special elegant look. On the vaults and walls, including in the reception room of the housekeeper, a beautiful painting has been preserved in fragments. Now in this building there is a museum exposition called “According to the custom of grandfather”, which tells about the holidays and everyday life of the Russian people of those times. Many more interesting things are located on the territory of the Ryazan Kremlin. Take the time to inspect, and there will be something to remember for a long time.

The cathedral bell tower in Ryazan is located on the territory of the Ryazan Kremlin Museum-Reserve. It is located on the square in front of the Assumption and Nativity Cathedrals, which use it for chiming.

The construction of the Cathedral bell tower in Ryazan was carried out for fifty years with long breaks in work. The foundation was laid in 1789 according to the project of a self-taught peasant architect S.A. Vorotilov. The first tier was built according to a new project in 1797, but the work had to be stopped due to the emergency state of the Assumption Cathedral. The new project of the Cathedral bell tower in Ryazan in the style of classicism was made by the architect I.F. Russian. In 1816, the second tier was built, but further work was stopped due to lack of funds for construction. The third tier was built according to the project of the architect K.A. tone. The construction was completed by the provincial architect N.I. Voronikhin, who managed to convince the archbishop of the need to build a four-tiered bell tower with a spire so that it would meet the tasks of urban planning. The fourth tier of the bell tower was built of iron in the form of a rotunda. The spire is 25 meters high and fastened to the fourth tier.

The building of the Cathedral Bell Tower in Ryazan was built by different architects at different times, but the general compositional idea was followed. The cathedral bell tower in Ryazan, 83.2 meters high, is a work of architectural art.

http://www.voronezhgid.ru/architecture/

The bell tower of the Ryazan Kremlin represents a multi-temporal combination of different stages in the development of style, from early classicism to late empire style. The first tier was built in 1789-1797. according to the project of the Kostroma architect S.A. Vorotilov. The second tier was erected in 1816 according to the project of the architect I.F. Russian, third and fourth with a huge spire were built in 1835-1840. according to the project of the Ryazan provincial architect N.I. Voronikhin (nephew of the famous A.N. Voronikhin), who used the project of K.A. tone. The total height of the bell tower is 83.2 m. There is evidence that already during the construction of the first tier, changes were made to Vorotilov's project, which led to a weakening of the picturesque features. In the second tier, I.F. Russko proceeded already from the early classical models. In the third tier, echoes of the late Empire style are obvious. The fourth tier (together with the spire) was erected by N.I. Voronikhin on an iron frame. The stone is replaced by sheet iron (!).

In general, the Ryazan bell tower is a unique work. Despite the participation of different architects at different times, there is no dissonance in the style of the bell tower. Even more surprising is that such a huge work of order architecture is not dissonant with the orderless architecture of the Assumption Cathedral. The bell tower successfully fits into the silhouette of the cathedral and with the rhythm of its numerous columns, as it were, responds to the vertical aspiration of the twin rods-semi-columns that divide the facades of the Assumption Cathedral. Initially, the bell tower was painted yellow (walls). The yellow color was later replaced by brick red. It was at this stage that the bell tower harmonized well with the cathedral. The return of the yellow color to the bell tower broke this harmony. The bell tower is decorated with Corinthian columns and sculptures of trumpeting angels. Its town-planning significance for Ryazan is comparable to the significance of the Ivan the Great Bell Tower for Moscow or the buildings of A. Zakharov for St. Petersburg. In terms of purity and austerity of style, the Bell Tower of the Assumption Cathedral in Ryazan is unique; there are no similar bell towers in the classicist style in other cities of Russia. The bell tower of the Assumption Cathedral is the tallest building on the territory of the Kremlin, 86 meters high with a gilded almost 25-meter spire. It was built in the classical style, despite the fact that it was created for more than 50 years (1789-1840). An observation deck is equipped on the third tier of the bell tower, from where a beautiful panorama of the Kremlin, Ryazan and the city's environs opens. In July 2007, the Bell Tower was transferred to the use of the Ryazan diocese.

Based on materials: G.K. Wagner "Old Russian cities", publishing house "Art", Moscow, 1980 Mikhailovsky E.V. "Ryazan. Monuments of architecture and arts. Moscow, 1985 and site http://vidania.ru/temple/temple_ryazanskaya/ryazan_%20kreml_kolokolnya.html

Before Batu's destruction of Ryazan in 1237, Pereyaslavl Ryazansky was only one of many prisons on the territory of the Ryazan principality, bordering on the Wild Field. The date of the foundation of the fortress - 1095 - is contained in the Followed Psalter, which originates from the Ryazan Elijah Church and dates back to 1570. “In the summer of 6603,” she says, “the city of Preslavl Rezanskaya would have been laid near the church of St. Nicholas the Old.” At the end of the thirteenth century, St. Vasily Ryazansky transferred the bishop's chair to Pereslavl, and in the second half of the 14th century, the princely residence was already located here. It was during this period that the first stone building appeared on the territory of the Kremlin, which has survived to this day - the Cathedral of the Nativity of Christ, founded by Oleg Ryazansky and completed by his son Theodore.

The founding of the Cathedral of the Assumption (Nativity of Christ Cathedral) in the Ryazan Kremlin should be confidently attributed to the era of reconciliation between Grand Duke Oleg of Ryazan and Grand Duke Dimitri of Moscow and the "twinning" of Ryazan and Moscow through the marriage of Prince Feodor Olgovich to Princess Sofia Dimitrievna. By that time, the Assumption Cathedral, built under Prince Ivan Kalita, already stood in Moscow, and it was he who was taken as a model by unknown architects who received the task of building the tomb of the Ryazan princes. The cathedral was completed by the son of Prince Oleg of Ryazan Theodore. He was the first to rest under its arches, and in total five princes and three princesses were buried in the Assumption Cathedral. But the cathedral of the Archangel Michael and other disembodied Heavenly Forces standing nearby was built in the 1470s as the burial place of the Ryazan bishops and the house church of the Ryazan princes. By the end of the 18th century, the temple was dilapidated, the service was not performed in it. Only in 1819, at the expense of Ryazan benefactors, it was "renewed". In the 1860s, he also experienced a major renovation with a reorganization, having received a refectory in a pseudo-Russian style. The Archangel Cathedral was closed in 1919, in Soviet times it was managed by numerous organizations, then from the beginning of the 1980s the building housed one of the expositions of the Ryazan Museum. Only in 2011 it was returned to the diocese.

In the northern part of the Ryazan Kremlin, there is the only surviving building of the Dukhovskiy Monastery, which existed in the 15th-18th centuries. This is a church in honor of the Descent of the Holy Spirit on the apostles, built in 1642 by the architect Vasily Kharitonov Zubov, a native of Soligalich. The memorable silhouette of the temple is created by two tents placed on a hill of two tiers of kokoshniks, completing the quadrangle. At the base of the tents there is also a belt of small kokoshniks. The hipped bell tower echoes the tents of the quadrangle. In 1930, the church was closed and adapted for a granary, and then for a water transport workers' club. Now it houses the library of the Ryazan Historical and Architectural Museum-Reserve.

Almost close to the ancient rampart of the Ryazan Kremlin adjoin the buildings of the Transfiguration Monastery, which is considered one of the oldest monasteries in the city. The first written evidence of him dates back to 1467, when Prince Ivan Vasilievich granted the monastery a fiefdom, which was recorded. In 1501, the monastery is again found in documents: “Prince Fyodor Vasilyevich gave the Transfiguration of Spasov to the hegumen and the brethren the village of Gavrilovskoye ...” it was the monastery bell of the Church of the Epiphany that began the chirp for matins, which was then picked up by all the bells in the city. In the monastery there was a revered image of the Mother of God "Satisfy my sorrows", which attracted many pilgrims.

In 1920 the monastery was closed. The infirmary, city executive committee, military unit were successively located in its buildings. In 1935, the entire ensemble came under the jurisdiction of the museum, but at the same time, communal apartments appeared in the rector-fraternal building, and in the 1960s, the Transfiguration and Epiphany churches turned into archives. In 1996, the process of returning the monastery complex to the diocese began. The Ryazan Theological School, which was later transformed into a seminary, was located in the brethren's building, which was the first to be handed over. In 2005, monastic life resumed at the Spaso-Preobrazhenskaya Convent, and in 2007, the monastic churches were finally transferred to it.

The main building of the Ryazan Kremlin is the Holy Assumption Cathedral. The cathedral is crowned with a powerful five domes. The domes, the central one of which is gilded, and the side ones are decorated with gold stars across a blue field, are placed on light drums, which seem to be faceted thanks to the semi-columns decorating the windows. The facades of the cathedral have a tripartite articulation. Instead of traditional spades, the architect used double columns as "separators", which set the vertical orientation of the building. Under the roof there is an elegant jagged cornice, elegantly distinguished by its whiteness against a red-brick background. The windows of the cathedral are located in three tiers, and in each of the tiers, the architraves are characterized by their design. For example, for the lower tier, this is a dense floral ornament that "sprouts" in the lower part of the clypeus of the second tier. In general, the architraves of the second tier are, as it were, a connecting link between the lower tier - lushly vegetative - and the upper tier - rocaille. The main western entrance stands out, decorated especially richly. Its decor uses all the same elements that adorn the window frames, but here they are present, as it were, in a multiplied form. For example, the twisted columns that we see in the architraves of the third tier are still "woven" with vegetable carvings. It should be noted that the white stone carving of the Assumption Cathedral, even in itself, apart from the rest of the temple's merits, is a unique monument of art.

The undoubted creative success of Bukhvostov should be recognized as the idea of ​​placing the cathedral on a high basement (a solution atypical for such a large temple), thanks to which he acquired the importance of an architectural dominant in urban development. The traveler saw the domes of the Assumption Cathedral from the Oka, from the Astrakhan and Moscow highways. Now, of course, Ryazan has grown both in breadth and up, but - thanks to Bukhvostov - the cathedral church is still perfectly visible from many points. The hill, on which the buildings of the Ryazan Kremlin are located, is surrounded by the Trubezh and Lybed rivers on three sides, and a moat was dug on the fourth. Throughout its history, the Kremlin remained wooden. The oak walls ended with "bulls" - covered with hewn platforms protruding outward, which made it difficult for the attackers to attack.

The only stone element of the Kremlin was the Glebovskaya travel tower, which stood on the site of the current cathedral bell tower. From it began the road to Moscow. Ryazan, and later Moscow princes and tsars monitored the state of the Ryazan fortifications, since Pereslavl Ryazan was part of the Zasechnaya line. However, from time to time there were oversights, as, for example, at the end of the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich: "The Glebovskaya passage tower sank, and the coal one ... The Spasskaya tower was washed away into the hollow water, and fell into Trubezh, and the forest was carried with water." But already under Feodor Alekseevich, "the city and the prison and the towers" were corrected. By the end of the 18th century, the city fortifications had finally lost their relevance and dilapidated. The regular plan of Ryazan from 1778 did not leave them a chance to exist: the walls were demolished, and the ramparts were partially leveled. On the site of the Glebovskaya tower, it was decided to build a cathedral bell tower. The construction of this "long-term construction" dragged on right up to 1840. The first tier was built by the architect S.I. Vorotilov, the second - I.F. Russian, the third and fourth are the fruit of the joint efforts of K.A. Tona and N.I. Voronikhin.

From the magazine "Orthodox Temples. Journey to the Holy Places". Issue #57, 2013

The Ryazan Kremlin is a historical and architectural open-air museum-reserve. It is the oldest part of Ryazan and one of the oldest museums in Russia. Situated on a high steep hill, the Kremlin is surrounded by the Trubezh and Lybed rivers. The medieval ensemble is an architectural monument and a reserve of federal significance, it is included in the state register of especially valuable objects of the peoples of the Russian Federation.

In the Ryazan Kremlin, you can have a great time among the picturesque area. The unique ensemble of historical and architectural monuments offers for walks and meetings. And the expositions tell about the history and culture of Ryazan and the region.

Ryazan Kremlin hill of natural origin. It is surrounded on three sides by two rivers - the Trubezh and the Lybed. And on the fourth side you can see a man-made dry moat. It was dug by city dwellers in the distant XIII century. The moat was created in such a way that it could be filled with water. A river of two rivers could join here in such a way that it creates a continuous water ring around the hill.

3. Kremlin shaft.

The Assumption Cathedral was built in 1693-1699 by the architect Yakov Grigoryevich Bukhvostov. The temple is crowned with five domes; its architecture combines the composition traditional for ancient Russian city cubic temples with the desire for strict symmetry of the outer volume, characteristic of the end of the 17th century.

4. Assumption Cathedral. Built at the end of the 17th century.

On the site of the cathedral, built at the end of the 17th century, there was an old Assumption Church, the construction of which dates back to the end of the 14th-beginning of the 15th century. This is evidenced by the laying of some of its parts - the altar apse made of large-sized white stone. The inner space of the Assumption Cathedral is decorated with a unique carved iconostasis. The bell tower of the Assumption Church was erected from 1789 to 1840 on the site of the Glebov gate tower of the Kremlin.

1917

The bell tower is the tallest building in the Ryazan Kremlin. It was built in about fifty years by three architects: Kostroma S. Vorotilov, I. Russko and N. Voronikhin.

6. Belfry of the Assumption Cathedral.

The Cathedral of the Nativity of Christ was built on the territory of the Ryazan Kremlin at the beginning of the 15th century. This is evidenced by the white-stone masonry of the basement, which is typical for churches of the 15th century. Initially (until the 18th century) it was called Uspensky. The temple is the earliest stone building of the Kremlin. Initially, the Cathedral of the Nativity of Christ served as a citywide temple, being the burial place of Ryazan princes and princesses.

7. Nativity Cathedral.

8. When the cathedral was the tomb of the Ryazan princes and princesses, the Ryazan princess Anna, the sister of Ivan III, the daughter of Dmitry Donskoy Sophia, was buried here. And at the beginning of the 17th century, the relics of Bishop St. Basil of Ryazan were transferred here.

1899

The first settlements of people on the Kremlin territory date back to the Mesolithic era.

9. Pier at the Trubezh River.

The Pricht House was built in 1910. This is a two-story building, the first floor of which is stone, the second is wooden. It was intended to accommodate various spiritual services of the spiritual department.

10. Pritch's house.

The Temple of the Holy Spirit was built in 1642 by the famous architect from Soligalich V.Kh. Zubov. The building is an architectural monument, representing a rare example of a two-hipped temple.

11. Church of the Holy Spirit. Architect V.Kh. Teeth.

A feature of the Church of the Holy Spirit is the presence of two apses. This is an example that is typical for the architecture of the Ryazan region. A small, transversely elongated quarter of the temple is crowned with a hill of kokoshniks and two tents.

1917

12. At the end of the 18th century, a refectory was added to the Church of the Holy Spirit. In 1864, the architect I.S. Stopychev erected a three-tier hipped bell tower.

13. Chetverik of the Church of the Holy Spirit is crowned with a hill of picturesque kokoshniks and two unique tents.

15. In 2008, the Assumption Cathedral of the Ryazan Kremlin was withdrawn from the operational management of the museum and transferred to the Ryazan diocese. Worship services are held in it.

In the XI century, the Kremlin of Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky (the original name of the city) was a well-fortified fortress, which was located on the site of the Church of the Holy Spirit that exists today. The fortification occupied an area of ​​approximately 2 hectares.

16. Oleg's Palace.

Oleg's Palace is an architectural monument of the 17th-18th centuries. This is the largest civil building in the Ryazan Kremlin. Its area is 2530 sq. meters. This architectural monument was erected on the site of the Ryazan Kremlin, presumably on the site of the prince's court. The building with colored architraves, a baroque pediment and tower windows, both among the people and in special literature, has long been known as Oleg's Palace.

17. Oleg's Palace.

18. Oleg's Palace attracts with its unique colored architraves, baroque pediments and tower windows.

The city in the Middle Ages was surrounded by vast forests. Two rivers - Trubezh and Lybid were navigable. And on the hill where the Ryazan Kremlin is now, there were two lakes - Bystroye and Karaseva, from which drinking water was taken in case of sieges. During floods of rivers, including the nearby Oka, the Kremlin Hill turned into a full-fledged and impregnable island.

19. View of the Nativity Cathedral.

On the pediment of the "Palace of Oleg" there was once an image of the Ryazan prince himself - Oleg Ivanovich, who died in 1402. Rectangular in plan, a stone three-story building was erected in stages. During the first stage, the architect Yu.K. Ershov built the first two floors. In the middle of the 17th century, the third floor was completed by the architect G.L. Mazukhin. And at the end of the 17th century, the architect J. Schneider added residential chambers of the Ryazan bishops to the eastern side, increasing the length of the building to 94 meters.

20. Oleg's Palace.

In the second half of the 17th century, stone construction prevailed in the Kremlin. Bishops' chambers significantly increased in size. The Singing and Consistory buildings are being built, as well as the Church of the Epiphany with a bell tower.

Also in the second half of the 18th century, a new Assumption Cathedral was laid, since the old one could no longer accommodate everyone. By 1692 a new cathedral had been built. But due to errors in the calculations, the building of the cathedral collapsed in one night. In 1693, Yakov Bukhvostov began the construction of the building. By 1699 his work was completed. And as a result, the temple became twice as high as the previous one, with luxurious carvings, huge domes and a wide avenue.

22. On the territory of the Ryazan Kremlin.

In 1778, as a result of the administrative-territorial reforms of Catherine II, Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky was renamed Ryazan. And in 1796 the city became the center of the Ryazan province.

23. Oleg's Palace is a museum. There is a historical exposition of the museum-reserve and exhibition halls.

The consistory building is a monument of civil architecture of the middle of the 17th century. It is close in its architecture to Oleg's Palace and the Singing Corps. Presumably, all three buildings have a common architect - Yu.K. Ershov.

24. Consistory building. Architect Yu.K. Ershov.

25. In one of the rooms on the 2nd floor of the Consistory building, fragments of paintings with very rare subjects - court scenes have been preserved.

26. In the Consistory building there is an exposition "Man and Nature" and a unique dynamic exposition - the museum-theater "When things spoke".

27. On the territory of the Ryazan Kremlin.

1917

The Archangel Cathedral is a monument of ancient Russian architecture of the XV-XVII centuries. This is one of the oldest buildings of the Ryazan Kremlin. The cathedral is a four-pillared, cross-domed, one-domed temple with three apses and three entrances.

28. Archangel Cathedral. Refectory portal. XIX century.

The Church of the Epiphany is an architectural monument of the mid-17th century. It was supposedly built by the architect V. Zubov on the site of an older white-stone church of the 16th century. The old church burned down in a fire in 1647.

29. Church of the Epiphany. Architect V. Zubov.

30. View of the Church of the Epiphany.

31. The third and fourth tiers of the Belfry of the Assumption Cathedral.

32. View of the Assumption Cathedral from the side of the Bell Tower.

The Znati Hotel is a monument of civil architecture of the 17th-19th centuries. Significant parts of the walls of the ancient cells of the 17th century have been preserved on the first floor of the building. The building consists of two buildings of the 18th-19th centuries of different times, which at the beginning of the 20th century were connected by a church in the name of John the Theologian.

33. Hotel Nobility.