Skryagin Leonid. Marine knots. Basic maritime knots Straight bayonet knot
Two identical half-bayonets make up a knot that sailors call a simple bayonet. To distinguish a correctly tied bayonet (a.) from an incorrect (b.) bayonet, two loops must be brought together. If this turns out to be a faded knot, then it means that a simple bayonet was tied correctly. For such a bayonet, its running end, both after the first and after the second peg, should exit equally above or below its end. Inverted, i.e. an incorrectly tied simple bayonet, the running end after the second pebble goes in the opposite direction, not like after the first. When two loops of an inverted knotted bayonet are brought together, a cow knot is obtained instead of a bleached one. The main use of a simple bayonet in the navy is to fasten the mooring ends to the mooring fixtures, fasten the falls of the guy lines of cargo arrows to the butts and eyelets, and fasten the cargo pendant to the load being lifted. The maximum number of half bayonets in such a knot should not exceed three, since this is quite enough and the strength of the knot as a whole will not increase with a larger number of half bayonets. Old English proverbs speak eloquently about the reliability of this mooring knot: "two half-bayonets saved the queen's ship" and "three half-bayonets are more than enough for the royal yacht."
For centuries, sailors on ships were bedded by a hammock-shaped canvas hanging bunk with a thin crushed cork mattress. In plan, it has the form of a rectangle, on the small sides of which there are eight to eight eyelets for the so-called shkentros. These shkentros are connected in rings, which, in turn, are hung by the bed posts to special eyelets in the beams or to the bed posts to special eyes in the beams or to rods made in the cockpit of the ship for hanging beds for the night. During the day, rolled-up bunks, along with pillows, blankets and sheets, were stored in so-called bed nets along the side of the deck and served as a reliable parapet from cannonballs and shrapnel during the battle. In the evening, before lights out, at the command "berths down", they were carried below deck and hung up. Tying a knot to hang a bunk is serious business. Here you need to use a knot that would not be tightened, easily untied and held securely. The most important thing is that it does not untie itself under the influence of the continuous pitching of the ship. Sailors used various knots to hang their beds, but the bayonet was considered the most reliable.
This knot differs from a simple bayonet by one additional hose around the object to which the cable is attached. It also serves mainly for fastening cables and pearls when mooring for bollards, bitengs and poles, but, unlike a simple bayonet, it is used in cases where there is no need to quickly give up mooring lines. This knot is also convenient for attaching a cable to a hook, fire, eye, etc. Two hoses around the object make this knot more reliable during long stops, in any case, due to the additional hose, it will not fray as quickly as a simple bayonet.
In fact, this is also a kind of simple bayonet. The difference from a simple bayonet with a hose is an additional third hose. It increases the strength of the knot if the cable experiences constant friction against the bollard or bitten. The use of this knot for attaching the cable to the hook is a very reliable method.
If for a simple bayonet with two hoses the latter pass to the side of the attachment point of the root end, then for this knot they are placed one on each side. This gives the knot greater symmetry, the knot, in the event of a change in the direction of the thrust, moves less along the object for which it is tied. To tie a bayonet with a fence, you first need to make one hose around the object with the running end, surround it behind the root end and make the hose again, but in the other direction. This is followed by one or two half bayonets.
One of the most critical cases of using a knot in maritime business is tying an anchor rope to an anchor. For five thousand years of the existence of shipping, people for this purpose could not come up with a more reliable knot than this one. Proven by centuries of experience in maritime practice, this knot is recognized by sailors of all countries as the most reliable for attaching a rope to an eye or to an anchor bracket. The fishing bayonet (or anchor knot) is somewhat similar to a simple bayonet with a hose. It differs from it in that the first of the two half-bayonets passes additionally inside the hose that wraps around the object. When using this knot for anchoring, it is always necessary to grab the running end with a scrum to the root. In this case, even with a very strong pull, the fishing bayonet does not tighten and holds securely. It can be safely used in all cases when working with cables, when they are subject to strong traction.
Here the original combination of two good knots gives a reliable and simple knot. First, around the object to which the cable is attached, a bleed knot is tied, and at the root end of the cable, an ordinary bayonet is made, which, as you know, is also a modified bleed knot. To prevent the mast bayonet from being tightened, the first knot is not fully tightened.
When mooring ships to marinas and berths, a situation often arises when it is very difficult to enclose the running end of the cable around a bollard or log. Sometimes you have to literally crawl under the pier in order to thread the end of the log or eye from the bow of the boat or boat. Using a reverse bayonet, you can wrap the cable around the desired object once and at the same time tie a knot with two hoses around the object to which you are attaching the moorings. To do this, the running end of the cable must be doubled over a length of 2-3 meters and, looping forward, passing it around the object, pull the loop towards you. Now the running end of the cable must be threaded into this loop, and for the root end, take out the slack and finish the knot with two half bayonets. The reverse bayonet is useful in cases where access to the object to which they want to attach the cable is difficult or inconvenient for tying a knot, such as a tow hook and some brands of cars.
To hold the mooring synthetic end on a twin bollard is a simple matter. But what if, instead of a double bollard, you have a single bollard (or biteng) at your disposal, and there is no fire at the end of the mooring line? For this purpose, in maritime practice, a network of several original nodes. Let us explain the principle of one of them, which can be attributed to the number of non-tightening knots. First, around a single bollard, you need to make several hoses with the running end of the mooring cable. After that, fold the running end in half and in this form, in a loop, pass it under the stretched root part of the cable, turn the loop 360 degrees and throw it on top of the bollard. This knot does not slip, holds securely. The cable can be given away at any moment, even if the mooring lines are under strong tension. To do this, you need to slightly select the running end passing under the root end and increase the loop, after which it will not be difficult to throw it off the bollard.
This knot is used to fasten the cable to the towing hook or bitten. They can delay or bleed the towing line. Due to the successive application of several cable hoses to the bit, the towing end can be etched from the bit, and when the tension of the tug is loosened, it can be selected again in the form of loops thrown over the bit from above.
Rice. 12. A simple bayonet with a hose
A simple bayonet with a hose (Fig. 12).
This knot differs from a simple bayonet by one additional hose around the object to which the cable is attached. It also serves mainly for fastening cables and pearls when mooring for bollards, bitengs and pals, but, unlike a simple bayonet, it is used in cases where there is no need to quickly give up the mooring lines. This knot is also convenient for attaching a cable to a hook, fire, eye, etc. Two hoses around the object make this knot more reliable during long stops, in any case, due to the additional hose, it will not fray as quickly as a simple bayonet.
A simple bayonet knot with two hoses
A simple bayonet with two hoses (Fig. 13).
Rice. 13. A simple bayonet with two hoses
In fact, this is also a kind of simple bayonet. The difference from the previous node is an additional, third hose. It increases the strength of the knot if the cable experiences constant friction against the bollard or bitten. Attaching the cable to the hook using this knot is a very reliable method.
Knot bayonet with trim
Bayonet with a run-out (Fig. 14).
Rice. 14. Bayonet with a skid
If for a simple bayonet with two hoses the latter pass to the side of the attachment point of the root end, then for this knot they are placed one on each side. This gives the knot greater symmetry, the knot, in the event of a change in the direction of the thrust, moves less along the object for which it is tied.
To tie a bayonet with a fence, you first need to make one hose around the object with the running end, surround it behind the root end and make the hose again, but in the other direction. This is followed by one or two half bayonets.
Knot fishing bayonet (anchor bayonet)
Fishing bayonet (anchor knot) (Fig. 15).
A Rice. 15. Fishing bayonet (anchor knot)
One of the most critical cases of using a knot in maritime business is tying an anchor rope to an anchor. For five thousand years of the existence of shipping, people for this purpose could not come up with a more reliable knot than a fishing bayonet. Proven by centuries of experience in maritime practice, this knot is recognized by sailors of all countries as the most reliable for attaching a rope to an eye or to an anchor bracket.
The fishing bayonet (or anchor knot) is somewhat similar to a simple bayonet with a hose (see Fig. 12). It differs from it in that the first of the two half-bayonets passes additionally inside the hose that wraps around the object. When using this knot for anchoring, it is always necessary to grab the running end with a scrum to the root. In this case, even with a very strong pull, the fishing bayonet does not tighten and holds securely. It can be safely used in all cases when working with cables, when they are subject to strong traction.
Knot reverse bayonet
Reverse bayonet (Fig. 16).
Rice. 16. Reverse bayonet
When mooring ships to marinas and berths, a situation often arises when it is very difficult to enclose the running end of the cable around a bollard or log. Sometimes you have to literally crawl under the pier in order to thread the end of the log or eye from the bow of the boat or boat. Using a reverse bayonet, you can wrap the cable around the desired object once and at the same time tie a knot with two hoses around the object to which you are attaching the moorings. To do this, the running end of the cable must be doubled over a length of 2-3 meters and, looping forward, passing it around the object, pull the loop towards you. Now the running end of the cable must be threaded into this loop, and for the root end, take out the slack and finish the knot with two half bayonets. The reverse bayonet is convenient for use in cases where access to the object to which they want to attach the cable is difficult or inconvenient for tying the knot, for example, to the tow hook for some brands of cars.
Carbine knots Rastorguev Mikhail
KNOT "Bayonet"
KNOT "Bayonet"
The working end of the rope is wrapped around a tree or ledge of the relief. They carry it over the root end, go around the root end and thread it into the loop formed (Fig. 8). The working end is again carried over the root, go around the root and threaded into the second loop formed (Fig. 9), etc. Usually 2-3 hoses are made. (“The yacht of the Queen of England is moored on two hoses ...”) Then it is desirable to fix the working end on the root. When the root end is loaded, the knot will not tighten, and it will be possible to untie it without removing the load from the root end.
From the book Carbine Knots author Rastorguev MikhailBAHMAN'S KNOT Although the Bachmann's knot was described earlier, it belongs to carabiner knots and it was decided to repeat its description in this book. The carabiner is attached to the main rope with its long side. The cord is quilted into a carabiner, folded in half and wrapped 2-3 times
From the book Sea knots in everyday life by Jarman ColinAnchor Knot, or Fisherman's Bayonet The structure of the Fisherman's Bayonet is very similar to the Enveloping Coil, but is more reliable. As you can see, the working end of the rope passes inside the envelope coil and thus, when loaded, blocks the knot, preventing it from being untied.
From the author's bookBleach knot This knot is often misused. There must always be equal (or at least almost equal) loads on both sides, otherwise the ends will begin to unwind and the knot will eventually untie. For this reason, the faded knot is not needed.
From the author's bookTowing knot This knot, also called the Nameless Knot, is extremely useful when towing, as it can be untied even under great pressure from the load. To tie this knot, make a double loop around the cargo half-mast (1), then
From the author's bookclew and sling knot clew knot A clew knot is used to connect two ropes together. It is also similar to the Sling Knot: in both cases, one rope has a small connecting loop at the end. When there is no permanent loop,
From the author's bookDouble clew and double sling knot Double clew knotFor extra safety the clew and sling knot (see previous page) can be quickly converted into double clews. It is done like this: you circle the working end of the rope around
From the author's bookRetractable Bayonet Knot on a rope Used to attach one rope to another, such as a rope that is used to relieve pressure on another rope. This knot is safer if the load is attached so that the attaching rope
From the author's bookSliding Bayonet Knot on a Rigid Crossbar This form of the specified knot is slightly different from the basic one already described above, and is used for a more secure fastening on the crossbar, but not on another rope. In this case, the first turns do not intersect themselves:
From the author's bookSurgical Knot This knot can be described as a Reef Knot for sliding, elastic synthetic ropes because they serve the same purpose, but the Surgical knot is safer with modern materials. There are two of his
From the author's bookFlat Knot or Flat Knot Great for tying two ropes together, regardless of the type of material they are made of or their diameter. Often used in the marine industry to add an extra cable to the stop anchor. At the end of one of the ropes
From the author's bookFisherman's Knot-2 This adaptation of the simple Fisherman's knot is particularly suitable for slip synthetics. Next, the working end is wrapped several times around
From the author's bookCrossbar Knot This is a kind of hybrid between the Bleaching Knot and the Constrictor Knot. It holds better than the Bleaching Knot in cases where there is more weight on one side than the other, and is easier to untie than the Shrink Knot. To
From the author's bookStop knot This knot can only be called a knot with a stretch, and in this case it is more likely to speak of a hitch than a binding. The locking knot is used for the most part when it is necessary to reduce the load on one cable by adding a second one.
From the author's bookTop knot The top knot can be used to attach shrouds to masts or to place a temporary flag pole and for many other simple operations.
From the author's bookHunter's Knot Typically used to tie two ropes together, the Hunter's Knot is excellent for both tight, inelastic ropes and softer, slippery synthetic ropes. This is a rectangular knot, which is done as follows: two ropes
From the author's bookKnot "Ox-pride" More reliable than the Half-bayonet, Ox-pride allows you not to be afraid that the cable can unwind. Wind up the cable as usual, but leave the end long. Wrap this end around the top of the skein, going from bottom to top. Then stick the end in
A simple bayonet is a loop made on the basis of two or three half-bayonets. Thanks to its special properties, the bayonet knot can be tied and untied even if the rope is under load. After heavy loads, it is also easily untied.
A typical bayonet of three half-bayonets.
They prefer to knit it mainly for attaching a rope to a support, although other options are possible.
A simple bayonet is a very reliable knot. It is easy to remember and knits quickly. It is these qualities that have made it one of the most used fishing knots in the maritime business.
Extreme people did not deprive him of attention either: this knot is often used as a tourist knot and in mountaineering - for attaching a rope to a support when pulling a hinged crossing, since the rope has to be untied at the moment when it is strongly stretched. Many other knots are not suitable for this, as they can only be untied when the rope is loosened.
The video below shows how easy and fast this knot is to knit:
How to knit a simple bayonet
Consider the situation when it is necessary to tie a simple bayonet on a vertically standing support.
This tying method will look like this:
- The running end of the rope is wound behind the support from left to right.
- The running end is thrown over the root end and wound up from below into the loop formed - the so-called half-bayonet is obtained.
- The running end is retracted to the right, its middle is taken in the right hand, and the end is again led to the left, thrown over the root and pushed from below into a new loop, forming a second half-bayonet, and at the same time forming a straight “simple bayonet” knot.
- For reliability, you can form a third half-bayonet, but usually two half-bayonets are enough.
- The running end is tied to the root control node. Now we can safely say that the rope is correctly and securely attached to the support.
Instead of a control knot, sometimes the running end of the rope is tied to the root end with a rope of smaller diameter. In this case, the half-bayonets that form a simple bayonet are not tightened at all - and the fasteners are untied without any problems even after heavy loads. An example of such a fastener is shown in the photo below:
This is often used by sailors when they attach a cable to a support, but in tourism I have not seen such an option: usually knitting a knot ends with the formation of a control knot with the running end of the rope.
Sometimes, when the supply of rope is large, and therefore it is inconvenient to knit the bayonet with the whole bay, this knot is knitted with a double end. That is, the free end of the rope in a convenient place is folded in half and a simple bayonet is knitted as if instead of a double end there was a single one.
Basic Mistakes
Mistakes can be made when knitting this knot. Let's analyze the main ones.
Mistake #1. When knitting two half-bayonets at the root end of the rope, a cow knot is obtained instead of a bleed knot (another name is “stirrup”).
This is a mistake: with a significant tension on the rope, a strong tightening of the knot can occur, which means that additional difficulties will arise when untying it.
Mistake #2. When knitting, instead of the maximum recommended three half-bayonets, four or more are knitted. The photo shows this error:
This is a mistake, since knitting more than three half-bayonets does not increase the reliability of the fastener, but only increases the time it takes to tie and untie it.
Mistake #3. At the end of a simple bayonet, a control knot is not knitted, and the running end of the rope is not fixed on the main one in the previously recommended way.
This is a mistake, because without “controlling” or fixing the running end of the rope, fasteners can still untie under variable loads.
Other bayonet options
In addition to a simple bayonet, there are other varieties of it that have certain differences and properties that allow them to be used in specific situations with maximum efficiency.
These include, for example:
- double and triple bayonet knot;
- fishing;
- bayonet with a run-out;
- wet half bayonet;
- back;
- bed;
- mast.
Let's briefly review each of these options.
Double and triple bayonets
Also called a bayonet with a hose and with two hoses, respectively.
They differ from simple fasteners in that instead of one turn of the rope around the support, two or three are made. The photo below shows a bayonet with two hoses:
And here with three:
Thanks to additional turns, these two options are more reliable, since the impact on the half-bayonets in the knot will be minimal due to the friction force of the rope at the points of contact with the support, and the rope is frayed more slowly in this case.
Fishing bayonet
Also known as the "anchor knot", because it has long been used to fasten the anchor. It is a double bayonet, in which the first half-bayonet is knitted with the running end threaded into two loops thrown over the support.
Rybatsky has the same advantages over a simple knot as the previous version. However, if instead of a control knot, the running end of the rope is tied to the main end with a thinner rope, it has an additional advantage - it does not tighten at all even under very strong loads.
Bayonet
His knitting pattern is as follows: at the beginning, the running end is turned around the support, then it is thrown over the root and circled around the support again, but in the opposite direction, after which half bayonets are knitted, as in the case of a simple knot.
The advantages of this knot over a simple knot are the same as those of a bayonet with a hose, with the only difference being that a bayonet with a sling slips a little less with a variable direction of load, also due to the fact that the loops of the rope wrap around the support on both sides of the root end to which the load is applied.
Wet half bayonet
This option is an untied bayonet with a run-out, where instead of two half-bayonets one is tied, and with a double running end. Instead of a control knot, in this case, you can insert the running end of the rope into the loop emerging from the half-bayonet, formed by the double end.
The beauty of this knot is how easy it is to untie.
This fastener, in comparison with a simple one and a bayonet with a fence, can be easily and quickly untied even with a very high rope tension. To do this, it is enough to remove the running end from the loop and pull it.
reverse bayonet
This is nothing more than an "inverted" bayonet with a run-out.
The reverse bayonet is used mainly in maritime affairs, when it is difficult to carry the root end of the cable around the support to which it must be attached. Due to the peculiarities of knitting this knot, the support needs to be bypassed only once, while when knitting a bayonet with a fence, it would have to be done twice around the support.
It has the same advantages over a simple knot as a bayonet with a skid, but compared to the second, as mentioned earlier, under certain conditions, the reverse option is more convenient for knitting.
Bed bayonet
This option was preferred to tie for hanging beds on ships, thanks to which it got its name.
The difference in knitting this knot from the simple version comes down to the fact that instead of the initial simple knot, a figure eight is knitted around the support.
Perhaps this option has some advantages over a simple bayonet, since it has been very popular among sailors for a long time, but personally, using this fastener in practice, I did not find any. I found only the shortcomings associated primarily with the more complex and lengthy knitting of the bed bayonet.
mast bayonet
The mast bayonet consists of two “stirrup” knots: one is knitted on a support, the second - on the root end of the rope. Actually, as noted earlier, the stirrup at the root end of the rope is knitted with two half-bayonets both in a simple bayonet and in some of its other variants.
The advantage of a mast bayonet over a simple one again lies in the additional hoses (turns) of the rope around the support, due to which the rope frays more slowly. In addition, thanks to the stirrup thrown over the support, the impact on the half-bayonets tied at the root end of the rope will be less than in other knot options considered earlier.
If you tie a control knot at the end, then the mast bayonet will tighten and tightly compress the support, excluding the rope from slipping in any direction. But in this case, it will be more difficult to untie the knot.
If, however, the running end of the rope is tied to the main end after the formation of the mast bayonet, then the knot will not tighten even with very large loads on the rope, and after loosening the rope, it can be easily untied.
A mast bayonet is some combination of a double bayonet and a stirrup.
There are other nodes that have the word "bayonet" in their names, but which are not in themselves "relatives" of a simple bayonet. Such nodes include, for example, a retractable bayonet and a flat bayonet. In the framework of today's topic, we will not consider them.
As you can see, there are many bayonets, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages. However, it makes no sense to remember all the options: for a tourist or a person who is fond of survival in the wild, it will be enough to remember two or three knots from this category.
Personally, I would recommend only one option for memorization - a bayonet with a run-out. On the basis of this knot, if necessary, it is easy to tie a simple bayonet, and the fastener pattern on the support itself is the basis for the UIAA knot and the Prusik knot, which are used for descending and ascending the rope. If you know and know how to knit a bayonet with a run-out, it will be easier to remember these knots.