Villages in the Pushkin Mountains of historical significance. Get to know your native land. Svyatogorsk Holy Dormition Monastery

After visiting any attraction, each person is left with a certain aftertaste. If it is pleasant, then the tourist will definitely return again, and if not, he will dissuade all his friends from going. When talking about the Pushkin Mountains, some people mean the family estate of A.S. Pushkin. But they will be wrong, since an entire village located in the Pskov region was named that way.

The Pushkin Mountains left a significant mark on the poet’s life, and therefore everyone who wants to touch the life of the great creator should definitely visit this place. On the territory of the village there are two family estates (Mikhailovskoye, Petrovskoye), as well as one of the poet’s close friends – Trigorskoye. Pushkin was buried in the Svyatogorsk Museum, and this adds even greater importance to all objects.

You can start your journey around the village from the most famous estate of Alexander Sergeevich - Mikhailovskoye. According to official references, he spent a large period of his youth here, and was also in exile from 1824 to 1826.

The poet’s family owned this estate even before his birth. Its history begins in 1742, when it was passed down from his great-grandfather (O.A. Hannibal) to his grandfather, and only then to his mother. Mikhailovskoye began to have the status of state property in 1899. This date was not chosen by chance; it was connected with the 100th anniversary of the poet’s birth.

The Pushkin Museum was opened a little later - 1911. Tourists visiting Pushgory should be aware that all the buildings that previously belonged to this estate were restored several times, since a serious fire occurred in 1918. A tragic fate hung over this place. Despite the fact that everything was restored by 1937, the Second World War was able to make its own adjustments.

The second stage of restoration work in the Pushkin Mountains began immediately after the end of the war. On the territory of the presented attraction you can find:

• The house-museum of the poet, in which complex restoration work was carried out. The architects were faced with a serious task - to restore the interior and supplement it with authentic things from past centuries. Each tourist can look at several open rooms, one of the most interesting is the office.
• Nanny's house.
• The kitchen is human.

On the territory there is Mikhailovsky Park, where visitors can enjoy the flavor of those times. The Spruce Alley, planted by my great-grandfather, deserves special attention, as well as the Anna Kern Alley, along which Pushkin loved to stroll in the company of his beloved.

Much credit goes to the workers of the Pushkin Mountains, since day after day they maintain, bit by bit, the restored image of the estate. The undoubted advantage of the museum is that it recreates the poet’s ordinary day, and therefore the viewer seems to be immersed headlong in a unique atmosphere. The stone lying on the table in the office seems to remind us of Anna Kern, who tripped over it. A large number of exhibits are overgrown with legends and secrets.

Petrovskoe estate

Pushkinskiye Gory is famous not only for the Mikhailovsky, but also for the Petrovsky estate, which has its own equally rich history. It was presented by Empress Elizabeth back in the mid-18th century to the poet’s great-grandfather, Hannibal A.P. Soon it was presented to Peter Abramovich, his great-uncle, and after a while to his great-uncle, Veniamin Petrovich, who became the last owner of the Hannibal family.

Since 1839, Petrovskoye was listed under other owners, and only in 1936 it became part of the Pushkin Mountains museum. It is worth noting that Petrovskoye, like the Mikhailovskoye estate, was restored over many years. The houses in which Alexander Sergeevich himself spent time were irretrievably lost back in 1918 during a fire. 70 years later, the great-uncle’s house was completely rebuilt, and by 2000, the construction of the great-grandfather’s house was completed.

Today, the museum complex does not include many exhibits. These include:

• grandfather's house;
• great-grandfather's house;
• park gazebo-grotto.

In the museum's exhibition you can see authentic things that the poet came into contact with. Many of them were found during excavations, and archaeologists were able to thoroughly analyze them. Based on the data obtained, we can draw conclusions about the life of those times. There are only three trees growing in the grotto gazebo park: a linden tree and two elms. They found Abram Hannibal, and therefore the worker of the Pushkin Mountains takes care of them with special zeal.

Speaking about Trigorsky, it is worth saying that it was not the property of Pushkin, but belonged to close friends - the Osipov-Wulfs. This estate was no exception, and therefore in 1918 it turned to ashes. The restoration stage began after the end of World War II. The manor's house was built already in 1962, and 16 years later - a bathhouse, which was not only used for joint bathing, but also as a place to relax.

Pushkin loved not only his chambers, but also the ordinary bathhouse, in which he often retired and enjoyed the silence. In the manor house you can see exhibits that are of great value to contemporaries. Every person can touch the achievements of bygone eras.

Trigorsky Park deserves special attention, as it has many interesting places.

In the Pskov region it is difficult to find a place that will be so cozy and quiet. Trigorsky Park is quite easy to find, since it is located near the Trigorsky parking lot. A narrow road stretches from it, passing through the territory of the orchard, passes along the pond and ends with the ancient Vyndomsky estate. Turning right you will find yourself in the museum complex, and turning left you will find yourself in the park.

A park

Trigorsky Park has long glorified the Pushkin Mountains, since it embodies classical gardening art, which dates back to the second half of the 18th century. According to the original plans, it was planned to build a park in a distinctive romantic style. The laying was carried out by Vyndomsky, who did not forget about the economic side of this construction.

A linen factory was built in the eastern part, as well as food granaries. The western and eastern parts were separated by an orchard, which is still observed by visitors to the Pushkin Mountains. It is worth noting that the decision to build the park took quite a long time, since the hills and deep ravines could interfere with the process itself.

In the park there are corners that received names that appear in the novel “Eugene Onegin”. A winding path leads to a green gazebo, which is surrounded by old linden trees planted in the 18th century. The existing descent is convenient for tourists, as it allows them to see the lowland and the swimming pool. Leaving the bank, you can observe the territory of the Mountains, a cascade of three small ponds. It should be noted that they were also restored, but back in the 19th century. Water for washing was taken from a small pond, and a walking path was laid on the side of the bathhouse.

The green hall was used for dances, which were usually attended by young people. Having passed this area through a small bridge, you can find yourself on a large linden alley, which left no one indifferent, especially during the flowering period.

Where else can you go?

In order to understand the actual appearance of the Pushkin Mountains, you must definitely visit the Svyatogorsk Monastery. This attraction has a rather pessimistic reputation, since the poet’s family burial place is located in this place.

The construction began with the order of Ivan the Terrible back in the 16th century. According to legend, construction in the Pushkin Mountains began on the spot where the shepherd Timofey saw the face of the Mother of God Hodegetria. The poet regularly visited the monastery and communicated with representatives of the clergy. Since 1924 it was closed, only in 1992 a monastery was opened, the fame of which went far beyond the Mountains.

A tourist traveling from the Mikhailovsky estate to the monastery should definitely look into Bugrovo, a small village in which there is a restored mill. It was recreated based on historical reports and almost completely copies the times of the poet’s life. To remember your visit to this place, you can take a small bag of fresh flour as a souvenir to your family and friends.

Pushkinskiye Gory- an urban-type settlement, the administrative center of the municipal formation "urban settlement of Pushkinogorye" and the Pushkinogorsky district of the Pskov region of Russia.

Located 112 km southeast of Pskov, 57 km southeast of the Ostrov railway station (on the Pskov - Rezekne line).

Story

Founded in the 16th century as a settlement Tobolenets(named after the name of the lake) at the Svyatogorsk Monastery.

In the 19th century, the settlement of Tobolenets was a modest volost center with its own government, fire brigade, small hospital, almshouse and reading room. The volost administration was located on Mount Volostnoy (today known as Mount Sunset). The fire station stood in the center of the settlement, opposite it on the hill there was a hospital. Below there were shops and a tavern, closer to the monastery - the houses of merchants and priests. In addition to the Svyatogorsk Monastery, there were three churches and two chapels. In the early 1830s, A.I. Raevsky opened the first free school in the settlement, where 30 children studied. In the 1840s, the Ministry of State Property founded its own school here, and in 1884 a school was opened at the monastery, in which 40 boys studied. At the beginning of the 20th century, twenty primary schools and one five-grade school appeared in the village.

In 1877, a post office was opened in the settlement, and in 1886 a telegraph line ran from Novgorodka to Bezhanitsy. Telephone communication first appeared in 1910. In 1912, the first telephone exchange with 10 numbers was installed, which made it possible to have constant communication with Opochka and five villages. During the First World War, all communication lines were destroyed. In 1912, kerosene lamps were used for street lighting for the first time in the Holy Mountains. Lanterns hung near the house of the volost government, near the tavern and shops. Electricity appeared after the October Revolution of 1917.

On May 25, 1925, a special resolution was adopted by the All-Russian Central Executive Committee: “To rename the village of Tobolenets, the center of the Pushkin volost of the Pskov province, into the village Pushkinskie Gory" Two years later, the village became the center of a district formed as part of the Pskov district of the Leningrad region by a resolution of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee dated August 1, 1927 under the name Pushkinsky from Pushkin and part of the Veleiskaya volost of Opochetsky district. The area was called Pushkinsky until 1936. On May 11, 1937, the district was transferred from Velikoluksky to Opochetsky and began to be called Pushkinogorsky.

The new regional center began to develop in a new way. In 1927, a secondary school named after A.S. Pushkin, the building had 13 rooms and was designed to educate 480 children. A new hospital (later the House of Soviets), a pharmacy, and a restaurant were built near the school. There were seven streets in the village, three of which were paved and illuminated by electric lamps. In the pre-war years, Pushkin Mountains began at the monastery wall and ended at the secondary school.

On August 23, 1944, when the Pskov region was formed, the area, the center of which was the Pushkin Mountains, was included in its composition.

From February 1, 1963, for four years, Pushkinskie Gory was not a district center, since the district did not exist as an administrative unit and was part of the Novorzhevsky district. The Pushkinogorsky district was restored on December 30, 1966.

Until 1942, the Trigorskaya railway station on the Pskov - Polotsk line operated near the village. It was destroyed by the Germans.

Culture

There is a Cultural and Leisure Center (8 branches) in Pushkinskiye Gory; central district library (13 branches) with a methodological center; children's art school named after. S. S. Geichenko.

The most outstanding creative team of Pushkin Mountains is Russian song choir, under the leadership of M. E. Fedorova. The choir has existed for more than thirty years, conducts active concert activities, and performs in the district and region. In 2005, the choir took part in the all-Russian holiday - Pushkin Day in Russia. In 2006, the director of the choir was awarded the honorary title “Soul of the Pskov Land”.

The largest cultural events of the Pushkin Mountains are held annually:

• Pushkin Poetry Festival/Svyatogorsk Fair (first Sunday in June);
• Day of liberation of the region from Nazi invaders (July 12)
• Regional theatrical festival “Russian Winter”
• All-Russian folklore festival “Pskov Pearls” (2nd ten days of July)
• All-Russian Pushkin Theater Festival (February)
• International informal Pushkin theater festival “Laboratory of Arts Kordon-2” (1st week of August)

Attractions

• In the Pushkinogorsky district there is the state memorial historical, literary and natural landscape museum-reserve of A. S. Pushkin "Mikhailovskoye", which includes the estates of Mikhailovskoye (the poet's place of exile in 1824-1826), Trigorskoye, Petrovskoye, and the museums "Pushkin Village" " and "Water Mill" in the village of Bugrovo, the settlements of Voronich, Vrev, Velye and Savkina Gorka, as well as Svyatogorsk Holy Dormition Monastery- burial place of the poet. The reserve annually hosts the Pushkin Poetry Festival.
• Temple of the Kazan Mother of God(1765). Konovnitsyn is considered its temple builder.
• In 2000, on the western outskirts of the Pushkin Mountains, the Argus bird nursery was created (in Latin this is the name of one of the most beautiful species of pheasants, and in ancient Greek mythology - the thousand-eyed and vigilant guardian). In 2010, the name was changed to the Zoograd ecopark.
• 12 km from the Pushkin Mountains is the former estate of the Lvovs Altun. A. I. Lvov, who was in 1823-1826. leader of the Pskov provincial nobility, exercised general supervision over the exiled A.S. Pushkin. The layout of the park and several manor buildings have been preserved. In 2008, reconstruction of the estate began, the park was put in order, the pond and the remaining buildings were cleaned and beautified. On the site of the former estate, the Altun Estate hotel is located, and in the premises of the restored barn there is the restaurant “Barn under the Oaks”.

Every year, the sights of the Pushkin Mountains and the surrounding area are visited by more than 300 thousand tourists and excursionists. To accommodate guests of the Pushkin Mountains, there is the Druzhba Hotel, the Pushkinogorye tourist base and the Altun Estate Hotel, which opened in October 2011 (12 km from the Pushkin Mountains).

Notable natives

• Sukhodolsky, Mikhail Igorevich (1965) - Colonel General of Police, former First Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs of Russia, former head of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region.

The sights of the village of Pushkinskie Gory are visited by over three hundred thousand tourists every year. It was here that A.S. Pushkin was exiled, here he lived his last year, here he was buried.

To the Pushkin Mountains - on your own or with a tour?

During the excursion, the Pushkin expert guide will tell you what to see first, take you to the main memorable places, and tell interesting and unusual episodes from the life and work of the famous poet.

The list of main route points is as follows:

visit to the Mikhailovskoye estate, where Alexander Sergeevich lived;

visit to “Trigorskoye”, the estate of the landowner Praskovya Andreevna Osipova-Wulf;

inspection of the Svyatogorsk Monastery, where the remains of the poet are buried.

The village of Mikhailovskoye is the best place to become better acquainted with the controversial personality of the poet and to be more fully imbued with his genius. Near the house-museum there is a modest outbuilding where his nanny Arina Rodionovna lived. If you walk along Mikhailovsky Park, you can see the Hannibal family crypt, next to which is the picturesque linden “Alley Kern”. The Trigorskoye estate will give you the atmosphere of noble life, and the English park located nearby will remind you of lines from Eugene Onegin.

Must visit

The nearby village of Bugrovo is very popular, where there are the museums “Melnitsa” and “Pushkin Village”. It’s definitely worth going to the village of Petrovskoye to see the Hannibals’ estate, which, alas, is only a reconstruction; only one park has survived to this day.

Among the attractions, it is also worth noting the eco-park “Zoograd” - children are delighted with the local inhabitants, and the emu willingly poses for photos.

Subject of the federation Pskov region Municipal district Pushkinogorsky urban settlement Pushkinogorye History and geography First mention 16th century Former names Tobolenets, Holy Mountains PGT with 1960 Timezone UTC+3 Population Population ↘ 4509 people (2019) Katoykonim Pushkinogorsk people Digital IDs Telephone code +7 81146 Postcode 181370 OKATO code 58251551 OKTMO code 58651152051

Pushkinskiye Gory- an urban-type settlement (since 1960) in the west of the Pskov region. The administrative center of the Pushkinogorsky district, as well as the urban settlement of Pushkinogorye.

Located 112 km southeast of, 57 km southeast of the Ostrov railway station (on the Pskov - line).

Story

As part of the Russian state

The history of the village dates back to 1569, when, on the orders of Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible, the Pskov governor Yuri Tokmakov founded the Svyatogorsk Monastery on the Sinichie Mountains (not far from the Pskov suburb of Voronich), which later played the role of a military outpost of the Russian state. The monastery was surrounded by a powerful wooden wall, which was replaced by a stone wall at the end of the 18th century. Soon after the founding of the monastery, the Sinichya Mountains were renamed Holy Mountains, and a settlement arose at the monastery Tobolenets(name after the name of the lake).

Beginning at least in the 1690s, fairs were held at the Svyatogorsk Monastery, bringing together merchants not only from all over the area, but also from distant cities. Svyatogorsk fairs were famous for their crowds and fun, surpassing all other fairs held in Opochetsky district in terms of turnover and the abundance of goods presented.

Peter I, by his decree of December 18 (29), 1708, introduced a new administrative division into provinces and districts. At the same time, Voronich, which had decayed in the 17th century, received the status of a suburb, but lost its significance so much that the center of the Voronichskaya (Voronetskaya) volost of the Opochetsky district of the Ingermanland province (in 1710 it was renamed St. Petersburg) became the settlement of Tobolenets. The tsar's new decree of May 29 (June 9), 1719 introduced the division of provinces into provinces, and the settlement, together with the entire Opochetsky district, became part of the Pskov province of the St. Petersburg province.

As part of the Russian Empire

By decree of Empress Catherine I of April 29 (May 10), 1727, the settlement of Tobolenets, together with the Pskov province, went to the newly formed Novgorod province. In accordance with the Decree of the Senate of October 23 (November 3), 1772, the Pskov province - together with the Velikolutsk province and the territory of the former Polotsk Voivodeship annexed to Russia under the first partition of Poland - became part of the newly established Pskov province; At the same time, Opochka became the provincial town. However, by decree of Catherine II of August 24 (September 4), 1776, the Polotsk province was separated from the Pskov province, and the center of the Pskov province (in 1777-1796 - Pskov governorship) was moved to.

During his stay in Mikhailovsky exile (from August 1824 to September 1826), A. S. Pushkin often visited the Svyatogorsk Monastery - both in order to attest to Abbot Jonah his trustworthiness, and in order to use the monastery library and rummage through archives (here, in particular, he found materials that he used when writing the tragedy “Boris Godunov”). Pushkin also loved to visit Svyatogorsk fairs, where he listened to the bright and figurative folk speech, memorized and wrote down the most interesting and characteristic “from life”.

The Svyatogorsk Monastery became Pushkin’s last earthly refuge. On February 5 (17), 1837, the poet’s body was brought here from St. Petersburg, and on February 6 (18), 1837, it was - after the funeral requiem served by Archimandrite Gennady - interred at the altar wall in the southern aisle of the Assumption Cathedral of the monastery. Close relatives of the poet are also buried on the territory of the monastery: grandfather Osip Abramovich Hannibal, grandmother Maria Alekseevna, mother Nadezhda Osipovna and father Sergei Lvovich Pushkin.

In Pushkin's times, the settlement of Tobolenets was a small village, mainly inhabited by monastic servants and patrimonial peasants. But merchants who were mainly engaged in buying flax also settled here. The export of agricultural raw materials was facilitated by the construction of the Kyiv Highway, completed in 1849, connecting with.

In the 2nd half of the 19th century, the settlement of Tobolenets was a modest volost center with its own government, fire brigade, small hospital, almshouse and reading room. The volost administration was located on Mount Volostnoy (today known as Mount Sunset). The fire station stood in the center of the settlement, opposite it on the hill there was a hospital. Below there were shops and a tavern, closer to the monastery - the houses of merchants and priests. In addition to the Svyatogorsk Monastery, there were three churches and two chapels. Back in the early 1830s, A.I. Raevsky opened the first free school in the settlement, where 30 children studied; in the 1840s, the Ministry of State Property founded its school here. In 1875, a two-class Svyatogorsk school was added to it, opened in the settlement of Tobolenets.

In 1877, a post office was opened in the settlement, and in 1886 a telegraph line ran from Novgorodka to Bezhanitsy. Telephone communication first appeared in 1910. In 1912, the first telephone exchange with 10 numbers was installed, which made it possible to have constant communication with five villages. During the First World War, all communication lines were destroyed. In 1912, in the Holy Mountains, kerosene lamps were used for the first time to illuminate streets (lanterns hung at the house of the volost government, at the tavern and shops; electricity appeared after the October Revolution of 1917). In 1916, a railway line was built - and the Trigorskaya railway station appeared 2 km from the Tobolenets settlement (destroyed by the Germans in 1942).

As part of the USSR

Interwar years

Soviet power on the territory of the Voronets volost was established in March 1918; The leading role in this was played by the Bolshevik workers D. A. Alekseev from the Izhora plant and V. E. Egorov from the Stary Lessner plant, who arrived from the Central Committee of the RSDLP (b).

In the first years after the October Revolution, the Tobolenets settlement continued to be part of the Opochetsky district of the Pskov province, being the administrative center of the Voronets volost. On April 10, 1924, by decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, a new Pushkinskaya volost was created from the Voronets volost and parts of the Polyanskaya and Matyushkinskaya volosts; its center - the settlement of Tobolenets - was renamed the village by a resolution of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on May 25, 1925 Pushkinskie Gory. However, on August 1, 1927, the Resolution of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee came into force, according to which, as part of the administrative-territorial reform carried out in the USSR (which provided for the elimination of the division into provinces and districts), the Pskov province, Opochetsky district, and Pushkin volost were abolished. The village became part of the newly formed Pskov Okrug and became the administrative center of the Pushkinsky District (formed from the Pushkin and part of the Veleisky volosts).

The new regional center received another impetus for development. In 1927, a secondary school named after A.S. Pushkin appeared in the village, the building of which had 13 rooms and was designed to educate 480 children; then a 7-year school was added to it. A new hospital (later the House of Soviets), a pharmacy, and a restaurant were built near the Pushkin school. Since 1930, the newspaper “Pushkinsky Collective Farmer” began to be published in the Pushkin Mountains. There were seven streets in the village, three of which were paved and illuminated by electric lamps. In the pre-war years, Pushkin Mountains began at the monastery wall and ended at the secondary school.

The administrative division in 1927-1941 changed quite quickly: on July 23, 1930, by the Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, the Pskov District was abolished, and the Pushkin District began to report directly to the Leningrad Region. By a resolution of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of January 29, 1935, the Kalinin region was formed, to which the Pushkin district was transferred, and on February 5 of the same year, this region and 10 more districts in the western part of the newly formed region were united into the Velikoluksky district. On May 11, 1937, by a new resolution of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, the Opochetsky border district was created, which included the Pushkinsky district, renamed the Pushkinogorsky district. Finally, on February 5, 1941, by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, this district was abolished, and the Pushkinogorsky district became directly subordinate to the Kalinin region.

Years of the Great Patriotic War

With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the time of difficult trials came for the residents of Pushkinogorsk. Already on July 3, 1941, the first bombs were dropped on the Pushkin Mountains (the Svyatogorsk Monastery was badly damaged: the dome of the cathedral was smashed to the ground). From July 5, 1941, intense defensive battles unfolded in the Pushkinogorsk direction. The 181st Rifle Division held back the onslaught of the 8th Panzerwaffe Panzer Division for several days near Krasny, Platishin and Velje.

Since July 8, 1941, along the eastern bank of the Velikaya River in the Pushkin Mountains section, the 24th Rifle Corps of Major General K.M. Kachanov held the defense. On July 9-10, the village passed from hand to hand during fierce battles. On July 10-11, 1941, one of the first successful counterattacks of the Red Army took place here, during which the village was liberated and the 8th Wehrmacht Panzer Division was driven across the Velikaya River. The 24th Rifle Corps in the Pushkin Mountains region successfully held the defense until July 17, when it was surrounded by superior enemy forces between the Sorotya River and the Novorzhev Highway. On July 17, 1941, Soviet troops left the village of Pushkinskiye Gory, leaving to break out of the encirclement.

The dark days of the occupation began, lasting three years; the commandant's office was now located in the school building and policemen lived, the Gestapo was located in the hospital building, and a prison was located in the House of Culture. More than once in the Pushkin Mountains, the occupiers and their accomplices carried out executions of partisans who were active in the territory of the Pushkin Mountains throughout the entire period of occupation; A terrible page in the history of the village was the extermination of the Gypsies living in the area (83 Gypsies, including infants, were shot by the Nazis). The suffering of the people was aggravated by the typhoid fever epidemic that decimated the Pushkinogorsk residents during the years of occupation.

At the beginning of 1944, the front line came close to the Pushkin Mountains, but the advance of the Soviet troops was held back by the fascist Panther defensive line, stretching from north to south for 400 kilometers. Finally, on July 12, 1944, units of the 53rd Guards Rifle Division of Major General I. I. Burlakin and the 321st Rifle Division of Colonel V. K. Chesnokov, operating as part of the 54 Army of the 3 Baltic Front, during Rezhitsko -The village of Pushkinskie Gory was liberated during the Dvina offensive operation.

By the time of liberation, the village was almost completely destroyed; The high school building survived because the occupiers did not have time to detonate a landmine planted under it. Gradually, the Pushkin Mountains were rebuilt, and this process was accompanied by work to clear mines from the village and its environs for several years.

On August 23, 1944, by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the Pskov region was formed, which included the village of Pushkinskie Gory and the Pushkinogorsky district.

Post-war years

By decision of the Pskov Regional Executive Committee No. 87 of February 29, 1960, the settlement of Pushkinskie Gory was classified as a working settlement, thereby receiving the status of an urban-type settlement. The Pushkinsky village council was transformed into a village council. Moreover, from February 1, 1963 to December 30, 1966, Pushkinskie Gory was not a regional center (since the Pushkinogorsky district was temporarily abolished) and was part of the Novorzhevsky district of the Pskov region.

On September 25, 1971, next to the building of the secondary school named after A. S. Pushkin, a bust of the young poet by sculptor M. K. Anikushin was solemnly unveiled.

In February 2005, a municipal entity was formed - urban settlement "Pushkin Mountains", the status and boundaries of which were determined by the Law of the Pskov Region of February 28, 2005 No. 420-OZ “On the establishment of boundaries and the status of newly formed municipalities in the territory of the Pskov Region.” At the same time, the village became the administrative center of the Pushkinogorsk volost.

At a referendum on October 11, 2009, residents of the urban settlement “Pushkinskiye Gory”, as well as Pushkinogorsk and Zaretskaya volosts, spoke in favor of their unification into one municipal unit - the urban settlement “Pushkinogorye”. In accordance with the results of the referendum on June 3, 2010, the three mentioned municipalities were merged into a new municipality by Law of the Pskov Region No. 984-OZ - urban settlement "Pushkinogorye"..

Climate

The climate is transitional from marine to continental.

Climate of the Pushkin Mountains (norm 1981-2010)
Index	Jan.	Feb.	March	Apr.	May	June	July	Aug.	Sep.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Year
Average temperature, °C	−5,3	−5,6	−0,7	6,3	12,3	15,6	17,9	16,4	11,0	5,9	−0,2	−4,1	5,8
Precipitation rate, mm	52	39	40	35	56	86	76	84	69	62	54	52	705
Source: FSBI "VNIIGMI-MTsD"

Population

Population
1939	1959	1970	1979	1989	2001	2002
1672	↗ 2412	↗ 3667	↗ 5311	↗ 6753	↘ 6500	↘ 6089
2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010
↘ 6035	↘ 5914	↘ 5796	↘ 5608	↘ 5447	↘ 5359	↘ 5222
2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017
↘ 5207	↘ 5068	↘ 4978	↘ 4859	↘ 4741	↘ 4699	↘ 4621
2018	2019
↘ 4570	↘ 4509

Economy

The most significant enterprises of the Pushkin Mountains are the Pushkinogorsk Butter and Cheese Factory CJSC, the regional consumer society, the Pushkinogorskaya PMK CJSC, the Stroitel OJSC, the recreation and recreation institution Pushkinogorye. In addition, a bakery, two road organizations, a printing house operate in the village, and a municipal housing and communal services enterprise operates steadily.

The State Memorial Historical-Literary and Natural-Landscape Museum-Reserve of A.S. Pushkin “Mikhailovskoye” is also an economically important enterprise.

Culture

There is a Cultural and Leisure Center (8 branches) in Pushkinskiye Gory; central district library (13 branches) with a methodological center; children's art school named after. S. S. Geichenko.

The most outstanding creative team of Pushkin Mountains is Russian song choir, under the leadership of M. E. Fedorova. The choir has existed for more than thirty years, conducts active concert activities, and performs in the district and region. In 2005, the choir took part in the all-Russian holiday - Pushkin Day in Russia. In 2006, the director of the choir was awarded the honorary title “Soul of the Pskov Land”.

The largest cultural events of the Pushkin Mountains are held annually:

• Pushkin Poetry Festival/Svyatogorsk Fair (first Sunday in June);
• Day of liberation of the region from Nazi invaders (July 12)
• Regional theatrical festival “Russian Winter”
• All-Russian folklore festival “Pskov Pearls” (2nd ten days of July)
• All-Russian Pushkin Theater Festival (February)
• International informal Pushkin theater festival “Laboratory of Arts Kordon-2” (1st week of August)

Svyatogorsk Holy Dormition Monastery

Attractions

• In the Pushkinogorsky district there is the state memorial historical, literary and natural landscape museum-reserve of A. S. Pushkin "Mikhailovskoye", which includes the estates of Mikhailovskoye (the poet's place of exile in 1824-1826), Trigorskoye, Petrovskoye, and the museums "Pushkin Village" " and "Water Mill" in the village of Bugrovo, the settlements of Voronich, Vrev, Velye and Savkina Gorka, as well as the burial place of the poet. The reserve annually hosts the Pushkin Poetry Festival.
• Temple of the Kazan Mother of God(1765). Konovnitsyn is considered its temple builder.
• In 2000, on the western outskirts of the Pushkin Mountains, the Argus bird nursery was created (in Latin this is the name of one of the most beautiful species of pheasants, and in ancient Greek mythology - the thousand-eyed and vigilant guardian). In 2010, the name was changed to the Zoograd ecopark.
• 12 km from the Pushkin Mountains is the former estate of the Lvovs Altun. A. I. Lvov, who was in 1823-1826. leader of the Pskov provincial nobility, exercised general supervision over the exiled A.S. Pushkin. The layout of the park and several manor buildings have been preserved. In 2008, reconstruction of the estate began, the park was put in order, the pond and the remaining buildings were cleaned and beautified. On the site of the former estate, the Altun Estate hotel is located, and in the premises of the restored barn there is the restaurant “Barn under the Oaks”.

Every year, the sights of the Pushkin Mountains and the surrounding area are visited by more than 300 thousand tourists and excursionists. To accommodate guests of the Pushkin Mountains, there is the Druzhba Hotel, the Pushkinogorye tourist base and the Altun Estate Hotel, which opened in October 2011 (12 km from the Pushkin Mountains).

Lake Kamenets at the entrance to the Pushkin Mountains

Notable natives

• Sukhodolsky, Mikhail Igorevich (1965) - Colonel General of Police, former First Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs of Russia, former head of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region.

Notes

1. Estimation of the resident population in municipalities of the Pskov region as of January 1, 2019 (undefined) . Retrieved April 5, 2019.
2. THE USSR. Administrative-territorial division of the union republics on January 1, 1980 / Comp. V. A. Dudarev, N. A. Evseeva. - M.: Izvestia, 1980. - 702 p.- P. 203.
3. Pushkinskie Gory (undefined) . // Information portal “Reserved Russia”. Retrieved November 1, 2015.
4. Savygin, 1978, p. 34-35, 47.
5. Sofia, 2004, p. 110-111.
6. Pushkin Mountains. Story (undefined) . // Website "Pushkinogorye". Retrieved October 26, 2015.
7. Savygin, 1978, p. 42-43.
8. Sofia, 2004, p. 128-129.
9. Savygin, 1978, p. 37, 41-42.
10. Administrative-territorial division of the Pskov region, 2002, p. 10.
11. Manakov, Evdokimov, Grigorieva, 2010, p. 15-16.
12. Administrative-territorial division of the Pskov region, 2002, p. 10-11.
13. Manakov, Evdokimov, Grigorieva, 2010, p. 16-19.
14. Savygin, 1978, p. 44-45, 54.
15. Svyatogorsk Holy Dormition Monastery (undefined) (unavailable link). // Website of the State Museum-Reserve of A. S. Pushkin “Mikhailovskoe”. Retrieved October 26, 2015. Archived July 5, 2016.
16. Sofia, 2004, p. 207-209.
17. Savygin, 1978, p. 70.
18. Savygin, 1978, p. 76-77.
19. Sofia, 2004, p. 142.
20. Savygin, 1978, p. 79-80.
21. Savygin, 1978, p. 83.
22. Administrative-territorial division of the Pskov region, 2002, p. 37, 98.
23. Manakov, Evdokimov, Grigorieva, 2010, p. 23-27.
24. Savygin, 1978, p. 88-89.
25. Administrative-territorial division of the Pskov region, 2002, p. 14-15, 98.
26. Manakov, Evdokimov, Grigorieva, 2010, p. 28-31.
27. Terentyev V. O. Defensive battles of the 181st Latvian Rifle Division on the distant approaches to the Pushkin Mountains in July 1941 (undefined)
28. Terentyev V. O. Nine days 1941 (undefined) . elibrary.ru. Retrieved May 26, 2017.
29. Savygin, 1978, p. 98-102, 106.
30. Alekseev A. A. The Great Patriotic War: occupation of the Pskov region // Interexpo Geo-Siberia. - 2009. - T. 6. - pp. 63-70.
31. Khmeleva E. V. Pushkinogorsky district during the years of fascist occupation (according to the recollections of residents of the region) // Pskov: scientific and practical journal of local history. - Pskov: Pskov State. ped. University named after S. M. Kirova, 2015. - No. 42. - pp. 10-29. - ISSN 2219-7923.
32. Vasiliev A. M. Demining of the territory of the Pushkin Nature Reserve in 1944-1949 // Pskov: scientific and practical journal of local history. - Pskov: Pskov State. ped. University named after S. M. Kirova, 2015. - No. 42. - pp. 58-67. - ISSN 2219-7923.
33. Savygin, 1978, p. 6.
34. Administrative-territorial division of the Pskov region, 2002, p. 15, 98.
35. Manakov, Evdokimov, Grigorieva, 2010, p. 32-34.
36. Administrative-territorial division of the Pskov region, 2002, p. 98.
37. Manakov, Evdokimov, Grigorieva, 2010, p. 36-37.
38. Savygin, 1978, p. 142.
39. Law of the Pskov Region of February 28, 2005 No. 420-OZ “On the establishment of boundaries and the status of newly formed municipalities in the territory of the Pskov Region” (undefined) . // Electronic fund of legal, scientific and technical documentation "Techexpert". Retrieved June 4, 2015.
40. Results of voting at the referendum on October 11, 2009 on the issue of merging municipalities in the Pushkinogorsky district (undefined) . // Website of the Election Commission of the Pskov Region
41. Pskov region. Law of June 3, 2010 No. 984-OZ “On amendments to the Law of the Pskov Region “On the establishment of boundaries and the status of newly formed municipalities in the territory of the Pskov Region” and the Law of the Pskov Region “On the transformation of municipalities of the Pskov Region”” (undefined) . // Website "Pravo.ru". Retrieved November 3, 2015.
42. Law of the Pskov Region “On the establishment of boundaries and the status of newly formed municipalities on the territory of the Pskov Region.” Amendments dated 06/03/2010 No. 984-OZ (undefined) . // Portal “Regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation” of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation. Retrieved November 3, 2015.
43. All-Union Population Census of 1939. The size of the rural population of the USSR by region, large villages and rural settlements - district centers (undefined) . Retrieved September 5, 2019.
44. All-Union Population Census of 1959. Number of rural population of the RSFSR - residents of rural settlements - district centers by gender
45. Pskov region in numbers. 2014. Brief statistical collection (undefined) . Retrieved November 26, 2014. Archived November 26, 2014.
46. Administrative-territorial division of the Pskov region." (1917-2000). Directory. Book 1. - Pskov, 2002 (undefined) . - Population as of January 1, 2001, according to information provided by district administrations. Retrieved September 11, 2014. Archived September 11, 2014.
47. All-Russian population census 2002. Volume. 1, table 4. Population of Russia, federal districts, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, districts, urban settlements, rural settlements - regional centers and rural settlements with a population of 3 thousand or more (undefined) . Archived from the original on February 3, 2012.
48. The size of the resident population by district of the Pskov region as of January 1 for 2004 - 2010 (data recalculated from the results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census) (undefined) . Retrieved September 26, 2019.
49. The size of the permanent population of municipalities of the Pskov region according to the final results of the All-Russian Population Census of 2010 (undefined) . Retrieved November 25, 2014. Archived November 25, 2014.
50. Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2015 (undefined) . Retrieved August 6, 2015. Archived August 6, 2015.
51. Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2016
52. Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2017 (Russian)(July 31, 2017). Retrieved July 31, 2017. Archived July 31, 2017.
53. Estimation of the resident population in municipalities of the Pskov region as of January 1, 2018 (undefined) . Retrieved March 29, 2018.

Literature

• Administrative-territorial division of the Pskov region (1917-2000): Directory. 2nd ed. Book 1 / Archival department of the Pskov region; State archive of the Pskov region. - Pskov, 2002. - 464 p. - ISBN 5-94542-031-X. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Archived from the original on September 11, 2014. Retrieved February 9, 2015.
• Manakov A. G., Evdokimov S. I., Grigorieva N. V. Western borderlands of Russia: geographical aspects of the formation and development of the Pskov region. - Pskov: Publishing house ANO "Logos", 2010. - 216 p. - ISBN 978-5-93066-058-4.
• Ostrogorsky V. P. Album “Pushkin Corner”: 26.V.1799 - 26.V.1899. - M.: Publishing house of artistic phototypes by K. A. Fisher, 1899. - 119 p.
• Pisigin V.F. Two roads: travel essays about France and the Pushkin Mountains. - M.: EPICentr, 1999. - 270 p. - ISBN 5–89069–006–X.
• Savygin A. M. Pushkin Mountains. - L.: Lenizdat, 1978. - 152 p. - (Cities of the Pskov region). - 150,000 copies.(region)
• Savygin A. M. Pushkin Mountains. 2nd ed., add. - L.: Lenizdat, 1982. - 128, p. - (Cities of the Pskov region). - 100,000 copies.(region)
• Savygin A. M. Pushkin Mountains. 3rd ed., add. - L.: Lenizdat, 1989. - 176, p. - ISBN 5-289-00342-8.
• Sofiysky L. I. The city of Opochka and its district in the past and present (1414-1914): Reprint edition. - Pskov: Pskovsk. region printing house, 2004. - 230 p. - ISBN 5-94542-092-1. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016. Archived copy from March 6, 2016 on the Wayback Machine
• Terentyev V.O. Nine days of 1941 (From the history of the defense of the Selikhnovsky bridge in the Pushkinogorsk direction on July 8-17, 1941). - St. Petersburg: Nestor, 2008. 82 p.

Links

• Website “Vrev and historical surroundings”: Guide to the Pushkin Mountains
• Pushkin Mountains. Museum-Reserve of A. S. Pushkin “Mikhailovskoye”
• From the history of Trigorskaya station on the Pskov Railways website
• List of cultural heritage monuments of the village of Pushkin Mountains in WikiGida

The territory of the reserve unites the village of Pushkinskie Gory, three estates - Mikhailovskoye, Trigorskoye and Petrovskoye, as well as the settlement of Savkina Gora. A local school and one of the streets of Pushkinogorye are named in honor of Pushkin, and nearby, in the poet’s ancestral village of Mikhailovsky, there is a museum-estate of the poet.

In the center of the village stands the ancient Svyatogorsk monastery, in which A.S. Pushkin, his parents, grandfather and grandmother are buried. The grave of the great Russian poet has become a place of tourist pilgrimage. During the year, more than 300 thousand travelers from different parts of Russia and from abroad visit Pushkinogorye.

In the old part of the settlement you can see the ancient temple of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God (XVIII century). And in the center of the village, in the modern building of the scientific and cultural center, there are many museum exhibits related to the history of the surrounding estates.

In addition to historical and architectural attractions, people go to the museum-reserve to admire the beauty of Pskov nature. Everyone who comes to the Pushkin Mountains is strongly impressed by the picturesque forests and fields, hilly rural landscapes and clean air. Several holidays take place in the Pushkin Mountains throughout the year. At the end of winter, the village hosts the Pushkin Theater Festival. And in the summer, participants of the folklore festival “Pskov Pearls”, the Poetry Festival and the Svyatogorsk Fair are welcomed here.

History of Pushkin Mountains

In the 60s of the 16th century, in the small settlement of Sinichye Gory, by decree of Emperor Ivan IV the Terrible, the Svyatogorsk monastery appeared. The monastery, fortified with a wooden palisade, was erected by the Pskov governor Yuri Tokmakov. The monastery served as a center of Orthodoxy and served as a military outpost, guarding the northwestern borders of the Russian state.

At the end of the 18th century, stone walls were built around the monastery, and the Sinichye Mountains began to be called the Holy Mountains. Far beyond the borders of the Pskov lands, the crowded and magnificent Svyatogorsk fairs were famous. Peasants from surrounding villages and merchants who came to the monastery from different cities took part in them.

The village of Mikhailovskoye is located 7 km from the monastery. Since 1818, it belonged to Pushkin’s mother, Nadezhda Osipovna. The poet first came to these parts in 1817. For more than two years, Pushkin lived in Mikhailovskoye in exile (1824-1826). At this time, he often visited the Holy Mountains and attended local fairs.

The reason for Mikhailov’s exile was a letter from the poet, in which he wrote that he was “fascinated by atheistic teachings.” Private correspondence fell into the hands of the Moscow police, Pushkin was removed from service and sent to his mother’s estate. While in exile, the poet visited a neighboring village so that the abbot of the Svyatogorsk Monastery, Jonah, could testify to his trustworthiness. In addition, Pushkin worked in the monastery library and studied the archives. Here he managed to find the necessary materials that were later used to create the tragedy “Boris Godunov”.

The territory of the Svyatogorsk Monastery became the place where Pushkin found his last refuge. The poet's body was transported from St. Petersburg and buried in the chapel of the monastery cathedral. The monastery also contains the graves of the poet’s parents, Nadezhda Osipovna and Sergei Lvovich Pushkin. Pushkin’s grandfather and grandmother, Osip Abramovich and Maria Alekseevna Hannibal, are buried here.

For a long time, the Holy Mountains remained a small village. Kerosene lamps for street lighting first appeared here in 1912, and electricity only after the arrival of Soviet power. The name “Pushkin Mountains” was assigned to the settlement in 1925.

Two years later, a secondary school named after A.S. Pushkin was opened in the village, and then a seven-year school was built. Gradually, a new hospital, restaurant and pharmacy appeared in Pushkinskiye Gory, and in 1930 they began publishing their own newspaper. Before the war, the village had seven paved streets and electric lighting. The houses stretched from the walls of the monastery to the high school building.

During the Great Patriotic War, local residents faced many trials. At the beginning of July 1941, the village was bombed for the first time. The territory of the monastery was especially badly damaged by the bombing. For three long years, the villagers were forced to live under the rule of the Nazis. The occupiers turned the local cultural center into a prison, the hospital into a Gestapo building, and the school into a commandant’s office and residential visiting quarters for police officers. Under the Nazis, partisans were destroyed in the Pushkin Mountains and the gypsy community was shot. In addition, many residents died from typhoid fever.

When the Soviet army liberated Pushkin Mountains on July 12, 1944, the village, with the exception of the school building, was practically destroyed. For several years, villagers restored their homes, and sapper teams were engaged in demining the village and surrounding area.

Svyatogorsk monastery

The Svyatogorky Monastery, located in the center of the Pushkin Mountains, is often called the Lavra. The monastery appeared thanks to Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible. It occupied a border position on the northwestern borders of Russia and was considered one of the 20 largest and richest Russian monasteries.

Since the 18th century, the borders of the state expanded, and the monastery lost its defensive functions. During the reign of Empress Catherine II, most of the lands were taken away from the monastery and it was classified as third-rate.

One of the donors of the monastery were the Hannibals - relatives of A.S. Pushkin on the maternal side. For this they received the right to be buried near the altar of the main monastery church - the Assumption Cathedral. Here the poet buried his mother and paid 10 rubles for his own burial.

When Pushkin died after the duel, Emperor Nicholas I ordered that he be buried away from both capitals. The coffin with the poet’s body was brought to the Holy Mountains, and on February 6, after a service in the monastery cathedral, they were buried at the altar wall, next to the graves of the poet’s relatives.

A little later, the coffin was moved to an underground brick crypt, on top of which was installed a monument made of Italian marble, ordered by the widow of A.S. Pushkin, Natalya Nikolaevna. There are always a lot of flowers here, and in the monastery itself every day services are held for the repose of the soul of the poet and his relatives.

In 1924, the Svyatogorsk monastery was closed and its territory was used for a club, a printing house and a bakery. The monastery suffered great destruction during the Great Patriotic War. Retreating from the Pushkin Mountains, the Germans carefully mined it and even managed to blow up the cathedral bell tower. Many mines were also discovered near the poet’s grave. But it was not possible to destroy it, since Soviet troops were able to quickly capture the village.

In the post-war years, the monastery was restored and a museum was organized in it. It became an active men's monastery in 1992.

Church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God

One of the attractions of the Pushkin Mountains is an Orthodox church built in 1765. The Church of the Kazan Mother of God is located in the old part of the village and can be reached along Lesnaya Street.

According to local legends, it was here that the miraculous icon of the Mother of God was revealed to the shepherd Timothy. Since then, the place has been called Timothy Mountain, and the icon of the Mother of God “Hodegetria” is still kept in the Svyatogorsk Monastery.

Despite the active anti-religious policy during the years of Soviet power, the church was never closed and served as a parish church for the residents of Pushkinogorye. Many icons and shrines from destroyed churches are kept inside, and there is a rural cemetery around the church.

Scientific and cultural center

The building of the scientific and cultural center is located between the Svyatogorsk Monastery and the bus station (Novorzhevskaya St., 21). It stands out among rural buildings and is noticeable from afar.

The center building houses permanent museum exhibitions, as well as temporary exhibitions, concerts and conferences. In the center you can see a museum telling the history of the Pushkin Mountains, a gallery of works by the artist Pyotr Ossovsky and exhibitions from the collections of the Pushkin Museum-Reserve. They also sell passes to visit the territory of the museum-reserve for anyone who wants to travel between estates in their own car.

How to get there

Pushkinskiye Gory stands on a branch of the M20 highway towards Velikiye Luki. To get here from Moscow, you first need to take a train to Pskov or Velikiye Luki, and from there take regular buses to the village. The road from Pskov to the Pushkin Mountains takes 2.1 hours.

From St. Petersburg to the Pushkin Mountains you can get by direct and passing buses in 7.5 hours. The village bus station is located in the center of the village, on Novorzhevskaya Street, 30. It has a storage room and a cafe.