Does the sea have a name in Armenia? “Armenia from sea to sea” - Where does this come from and what do we need the seas for? Official language of Armenia

is a huge lake located in the central part of Armenia. Its size is so large that the reservoir can be easily seen from space. Located in the historical region of Gegharkunik, the lake is the largest source of fresh water in Transcaucasia. The importance is that it supplies water to the capital of Armenia, Yerevan. According to the chronicles, the term “sea” was often used in relation to this lake. The amount of water from high mountain lakes is second only to the legendary Titicaca.
In the area of ​​the lake, the Sevan National Park has been created, which includes ten reserves and four reserves. Only here you can find nesting grounds of the Armenian gull, the population of which reaches 10 thousand individuals. Such unusual birds as the lesser white-fronted duck, the white-eyed duck, the American swan, the red-crested duck and the black-headed gull come here for the winter.



There are a large number of sanatoriums and health centers on the shores of Sevan. The main tools in their treatment program are clean air, mineral springs and picturesque views.
The most famous monument of the coast is the Sevanavank monastery, located on a peninsula near the city of Sevan. Several centuries ago, the monastery was an island, but due to the drying up of the lake, an isthmus was formed, making the complex part of the mainland.
There are two more monasteries on the western slope of Mount Ayrivank and in the village of Artsvanist. In the village of Noraduz you can see with your own eyes about a thousand khachkars dating back to different historical eras.


The shallowing of the lake revealed a number of interesting monuments to archaeologists, the oldest of which date back to the Bronze Age. Most of the treasures found are today stored in numerous museums in the Armenian capital.
Lake Sevan is a unique natural site, which is not only a recreation center with tens of thousands of vacationers a year, but also an important source of fresh water on which the life of Transcaucasia depends.

Armenia - having no access to sea country in Transcaucasia. Located in the north-west of the Armenian Highlands, also called historical Armenia, between the Black and Caspian seas, from the north and east is framed by the ridges of the Lesser Caucasus. Borders with Georgia, Azerbaijan, Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, Iran and Turkey.

This article applies to modern Armenia, however, is worth Mark, that Armenia often refers to the territories of the Armenian Highlands and Cilicia, which have been inhabited by Armenians since ancient times, but are currently part of Turkey. Armenians lived in these places for thousands of years until, as a result of a campaign started in 1915 by the Turkish authorities politicians genocide Armenian the population was destroyed or expelled from this land. In addition to many historical monuments (monastery on Akhtamar island, ruins Ani- the ancient capital of Armenia, etc.), in Turkey also stayed Mount Ararat is one of the symbols of the Armenian people.

Armenia is located in the Transcaucasus south of Russia between the Black and Caspian seas, occupying most of the area between the Kura and Araks rivers. Greatest the length from northwest to southeast is 360 km, and from west to east - 200 km. The straight line distance to the Caspian Sea is 75 km, to the Black Sea - 145 km, from the Persian Gulf - 960 km.

Armenia borders on the north with Georgia, in the east with Azerbaijan and the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, in the south with Iran, in the southwest with the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (in composition Azerbaijan), in the west - with Turkey. Total length of borders amounts to 1254 km.

Armenia is the first country in Transcaucasia to adopt Christianity as the state religion and has preserved on its territory countless churches, monasteries, khachkars (stone sculptures with crosses carved on them) and ancient fortresses. This is one of the oldest states in Transcaucasia; many buildings in Armenia date back to the 4th century AD, and the age of the ancient cities reaches 3000 years.

Relief

Armenia is the most alpine country of Transcaucasia. Over 90% of its territory, amounting to approximately 29,800 km2, is located at an altitude of more than 1000 m, about half is at an altitude of more than 2000 meters, and only 3% of the territory lies below marks 650 m. Lowest points relief are located in the valleys of the Araks (in the south of the country) and Debed (in north-east), their height above sea level is 380 and 430 m, respectively. The highest point, Mount Aragats, rises 4095 m above level seas.

Armenia is located in the northeast Armenian highlands. The mountain ranges of the Lesser Caucasus bordering the country cover the north of Armenia, stretch to the southeast, between Lake Sevan and the border with Azerbaijan, then to the south, approximately along Armenian-Azerbaijani border, all the way to Iran. Here the relief consists of medium-high mountain ranges separated by deep valleys, many of which are deep gorges. Thus, the mountains make communication between the north and south of the country very difficult.

To the southwest of the Caucasus mountain ranges, the Eastern Armenian volcanic plateau begins, occupying about a third of the country's territory. It extends from the Javakheti Highlands in the northwest to the Karabakh Highlands in the southeast. Here the ruggedness and slopes of the relief are relatively small; the main forms of relief are lava plateaus, erosion valleys, volcanic ridges (Gegham, Vardenis) and massifs. The largest of the latter, Aragats, is the highest point in Armenia.

south of volcanic array located the northern part of the Central Araks intermountain depression is the Ararat basin, stretching east from the mouth of the Akhuryan River along the Araks River. The left bank part is located on the territory of Armenia basins. It starts from the southern ends of the volcanic plateau at an altitude of 1000-1400 m, under a small slope descends to the Araks, forming at an altitude of 800-900 m the wide Ararat plain.

South of the country - region folded-blocky mountains and deep rivers valleys. The characteristic features of the relief of this area are the high altitude of the ridges (the Zangezur ridge is the highest in the Lesser Caucasus), deep and dense dismemberment relief, pronounced altitudinal zones and meager vegetation.

Echmiadzin is one of the most beautiful cities in Armenia, known since the 2nd century BC, the center of the Armenian Gregorian Church and the residence of the Catholicos.

Garni is an ancient Armenian fortress and settlement. Here is one of the most famous monuments of antiquity: the temple of the sun god Mithras (1st century). 7 kilometers northeast of Garni you can see the famous rock monastery of Geghard (“spear”), XII-XIII centuries.

Ayrivank is a cave monastery, founded in the 4th century. in the gorge of the Garni river. Inside the fence there is a cross-domed church of St. Astvatsatsin (1215), decorated with carvings and reliefs, a four-pillar gavit (1225), two domed churches carved into the rock, etc.

The city of Ashtarak is located 30 kilometers from Yerevan, and nearby, on the southern slope of Mount Aragats, stands the Amberd fortress (X-XIII centuries) - one of the few surviving castles in Armenia. The extinct volcano Aragats is the highest point in Transcaucasia.

Minerals

565 are known on the territory of Armenia deposits 60 types of minerals: there are deposits of all types of usable metals - ferrous (Fe, Mn, Cr), rare (Ti, Ni, W, Mo, Re), scattered (Bi, Hg), non-ferrous (Cu, Pb, Al, Zn , Mg), precious (Au, Ag, Pt), as well as non-metallic minerals.

On the territory of Armenia there are three metallogenic belts characterized by various mineral resources: Alaverdi-Kafan, Pambak-Zangezur and Sevan-Amasia. In the south of the country there are large copper-molybdenum deposits - near Kajaran, Dastakert and Agarak. Armenia ranks one of the first in the world in terms of molybdenum reserves. Armenia also has significant deposits of gold and precious minerals. metals coal

Among non-metallic useful fossils most significant natural stones: tuffs, basalts, pumice, marble, onyx, etc.

Climate

The temperature in Armenia depends mainly on the altitude above sea level. The mountains block the climatic influence of the Mediterranean and Black Sea, creating wide seasonal temperature fluctuations. In the Armenian Highlands the average winter temperature is about 0 C and the average summer temperature exceeds 25 C. The average precipitation is from 250 millimeters per year in the lowest places above sea level in Armenia, that is, in the Araks River valley, up to 800 millimeters per year at the highest points Armenia. Despite the harsh winters, the abundance of volcanic soil made Armenia one of the earliest places of agricultural activity.

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Armenia is one of the oldest states in the South Caucasus. For many, cognac, Mount Ararat, Lake Sevan and Christian monasteries are considered the hallmark of Armenia. The country has been known as Armenia since Antiquity; in any case, mentions of it date back to the 7th century BC. All kinds of kingdoms arose on the territory of the country at different times. Under Tigran II, Greater Armenia occupied the territory from the Caspian Sea to Palestine. During Soviet times, Armenia was less popular among ordinary holidaymakers (because it is landlocked), but Lake Sevan was no less famous than the Caspian or Black Sea. Currently, tours to Armenia are not in great demand. Military actions in Nagorno-Karabakh (Azerbaijan) also played a certain negative role, which generally destabilized the situation in the region. However, at present the conflict is frozen and with the proper development of tourism infrastructure, Armenia can count on interest from tourists.

Square

The territory of Armenia occupies 29743.00 km².

Population

3,299,000 people live in Armenia.

Language

The official language is Armenian.

Political system

The government system is a republic. The President is elected by popular vote for a term of 5 years.

Climate

The climate of Armenia is subtropical, however, the mountainous terrain makes it possible to distinguish other climatic zones. The average July temperature is +25-27 degrees. The average temperature in January is -5-7 degrees. The best time to vacation in Armenia is from April to October.

Average water and air temperatures in Armenia by month

Attractions

Armenia is rich in sights of both the pre-Christian and Christian eras. Of the pre-Christian monuments, the most interesting are the archaeological monuments of the ancient state of Urartu: Erebuni, Teishebaini, Armavir, Artashat. Erebuni is an ancient impregnable fortress located near Yerevan. Of the monuments of the Christian era, the most interesting are the monasteries of Geghard and Noravank. Khor Virap, Sevanavank, Gashavank. One of the most important natural attractions of Armenia is Lake Sevan, around which the Sevan National Park is located. Around the lake there are also Urartu-era fortresses, Christian churches and monasteries. Sharing the palm with Sevan is Mount Ararat, where, according to legend, Noah’s Ark landed after the Flood. The mountain is formed by the cones of two extinct volcanoes. About 30 glaciers cover it with eternal snow. The capital of the republic, Yerevan, is also of great interest to tourists. It is mentioned in historical chronicles back in the 8th century BC. There are a large number of museums, churches, and the Matendadaran Institute, where Armenian manuscripts of the 5th-10th centuries are stored.

The cities and resorts of Armenia are extremely interesting, because Armenia has an ancient history, rich cultural heritage and picturesque nature. Here you can see majestic mountain landscapes, traces of ancient civilizations, many sacred places with monasteries and churches, as well as the famous Lake Sevan. But the “interestingness” of Armenia does not end there. Sincere hospitality, delicious and satisfying cuisine, as well as enchanting duduk music give an unforgettable experience and wonderful memories. You can visit Armenia at any convenient time; fortunately, a visa is not required for Russian tourists.

The best thermal resorts

This compact country is home to many places with thermal springs. Medical resorts in Armenia mainly offer balneology. The basis of such therapy is mineral waters, healing air and healing mud. The most popular thermal resorts are the following.

• Jermuk. It is famous for its healing waters, as well as climate therapy. The town is located at an altitude of 2100 m, surrounded by forests and mountains. The first baths appeared here in the 1st century BC. e. There are approximately 40 hot acidic springs with a healing effect in Jermuk. Water used for drinking and bathing helps restore the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, nervous system, metabolism and other systems and organs.
• Arzni. The city is located not so far from the capital at an altitude of 1250 m. The convenient location of the resort makes it very popular: you can easily combine treatment with excursions around the country. Local mineral waters contain a large number of useful components and are used for internal consumption, as well as for medicinal baths.
• Agveran. This picturesque corner is located in the Kotayk region at an altitude of 1550 m above sea level. The Dalar River, fresh mountain air and beautiful scenery attract many guests here on holiday. The town has the status of a climatic resort. The tranquility of this place, the murmur of rivers, and the singing of birds already help restore health and vitality.

Skiing

There is only one ski resort in Armenia, which, however, has worldwide fame. This is cozy Tsakhkadzor. The ski resort in Armenia is located on the slope of Mount Teghenis at approximately 1840 m. In comparison, the legendary Courchevel is located only 10 m higher than Tsakhkadzor.

The local slopes are perfect for skiers of any level: there are 12 slopes (including for children), the longest of which reaches 8 km in length. High-quality chair lifts are also available. The construction of the local cable car was entrusted to the Italian company Leitner.

Tsakhkadzor has everything you need for a comfortable stay. These are cozy small hotels, restaurants with national and European cuisine, a sports complex, indoor swimming pools, and a stable.

Beach resorts

There is no sea in Armenia, but there is the best resort - the magnificent Lake Sevan. Moreover, this is the largest lake among all that is in the Caucasus. Sevan is fresh and located at an altitude of 1900 m above sea level. This lake is not just a beach resort in Armenia, but a real pearl of the country, framed by mountain ranges.

The northern coast of the lake is perfectly equipped for a comfortable stay. The sandy beaches here are of volcanic origin; you can also see small pebble beaches. Hotels located along the northern coast usually provide their own stretch of shore. Sevan offers almost all types of water activities, except diving.

The highlight of this place is not only the healing air, clean water and picturesque landscapes, but also the delicious kebab from Sevan crayfish and excellent kebab from whitefish or Sevan trout. Since Sevan is a high-altitude lake, it is worth relaxing here from mid-July, when the water has time to warm up to a comfortable temperature.

Cities for an unforgettable holiday

The sunny country occupies a tiny place on the world map, but despite this, the cities of Armenia are of great interest to tourists from different countries. The most popular city is Yerevan. It is not only one of the most beautiful capitals in the world, but also an ancient city that is older than Rome.

Yerevan has a special charm: almost all the central architecture is made of pink tuff; everywhere you can see a large number of cozy cafes, where aromatic coffee and fresh pastries are served to the sounds of light and pleasant jazz. In addition, the city has theatres, opera, cinemas, museums, art galleries, parks, as well as souvenir shops and brand boutiques. Yerevan is especially beautiful in the evening. It is interesting to visit it both with friends and family with children.

By the way, from almost any place in Yerevan there is an amazing view of the legendary Mount Ararat, which is the symbol of the country, although it is located in Turkey.

In addition to Yerevan, it is worth visiting Dilijan - a cute and very beautiful city, on the territory of which there is a national park, as well as Gyumri - a large settlement with a rich history and cultural heritage.

This is a destination for true connoisseurs, whose tourist happiness lies in contemplating the simple architecture of ancient temples and conquering inaccessible mountain peaks. And also for those who strive for a place where you can find real hospitality, amazing cuisine and feel at home, because you are welcome, like your best friend, and they speak your language.

Tourist season

In Armenia, the tourist season begins in the fall - this is a great time for walking: warm, lots of fruit, good prices. It is better to take excursions from May to June, when the heat has not yet set in. Ski holiday time is from mid-November to April. But the best time to climb mountains is in July and August. The weather in Armenia is unique in its own way: due to the difference in altitude, neighboring cities may have different temperatures. Moreover, in one city in different areas it can differ by 2-3 degrees.

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Excursion holidays

“Excursion” is the main tourist “bread” of Armenia. Attractions here are not only in cities and villages. Literally behind every turn of the mountain road hides a picturesque gorge or a nimble river, near which a temple, fortress or ancient monastery has stood for several hundred years.

Almost all of them are Christian. Armenia was the first state to accept this religion, and such masterpieces were erected to its glory, such as the Etchmiadzin Cathedral, the Tatev Monastery, where you can “fly on the wings” of a cable car, and the modern Cathedral of St. Gregory the Illuminator. Also worthy of attention are the Khor Virap Monastery, which has an interesting history and stands against the backdrop of Ararat, the very beautiful Church of St. Our Lady Katoghike and a whole constellation of religious buildings.

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Modern attractions are concentrated mainly in Yerevan. Countless museums - history, the Armenian genocide, modern art, famous personalities, monuments, singing fountains, theaters and parks - cultural leisure here will be very diverse.

Natural beauties are scattered throughout the country: there are waterfalls (Jermuk, Kasakh and Shaki), and Lake Sevan, and gorges, to which winding mountain roads lead, and the beautiful Ararat.

Holidays in winter

Local ski resorts are rapidly gaining popularity. This is understandable: the infrastructure is new, the trails have not yet been “trampled” by mass travelers, flying to Armenia is nothing at all, and skiing is at a completely European level.

Sevan and Jermuk are also developing as ski resorts. But there are literally a couple of trails here, so active recreation on them can be combined with drinking mineral waters (in Jermuk) or with an “excursion” on Lake Sevan.

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Beach holiday

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Where to go with children

For families with children, it is best to stay in Yerevan or the surrounding area so that they can take the children to amusement parks. Among the main ones is “Water World” on Myasnikyan Avenue, 40. Swimming pools, slides, beaches, sculptures, attraction fountains, all kinds of shows - both children and adults will have fun here.

Bowling, karting, paintball, bumper cars are presented in the Play City amusement park of. website . It will be interesting for kids to climb around the bright town in a green area, and for older children to jump on the trampoline.

It is impossible to ignore the Yerevan Zoo with its predatory, feathered, scaly inhabitants. Today, about 300 species of mammals, birds, fish and other creatures are represented here. The most interesting time to come here is during feeding hours for animals, especially large cats. The zoo also sometimes pampers visitors with performances featuring animals.