German phrasebook essential. We learn German in one day, or What a tourist needs to know about the German language. Vocabulary and reading rules for the tourist. The right words at the airport and railway station

The German alphabet is based on the Latin alphabet with diacritics for vowels ( ä , ö , ü ) and a letter ß , not used in other languages. There are alternative spellings for these letters: ae, oe, ue, ss, but their use loses its uniqueness.

2. Transliteration

Some of the German letters are translated into Russian unambiguously:

3. J

Combinations j + vowel transferred like this:

At the beginning of a word and after vowels ja → I, ja (je) → e, jo → yo, jo → yo, ju → Yu, ju → yuu: Jahns → Jens, Jul → july;

After consonants ja → ya, ja (je) → ye, jo → yo, jo → yo, ju (ju)→ ew: Lilje → Lilje.

Before a consonant and at the end of a word j → th.

4. Vowels and their combinations

German diphthongs are transmitted in transcription according to the following rules: eu → Ouch, ei → ah, ie → And. A common tradition to pass eu (ei) → Hey (to her) is considered obsolete today, although many names and surnames are transmitted according to these rules: Reuters → Reuters, Geiger → Geiger.

After vowels e (ä ) → uh, i → th. At the beginning of a word e (ä , ö ) → uh, ü → And.

In other cases, vowels are transmitted by transliteration: a → A, e (ä ) → e, i → And, o → O, ö → yo, u → at, ü → Yu, y → And.

5. S, C, H

letter combinations sch, chh, ch, ph, rh, th in transcription are transmitted, respectively: sch → w, chh → hg, ch → X, ph → f, rh → R, th → T.

Combinations tsch, zsch And chs wholly belonging to one syllable are transmitted according to the rules tsch (zsch) → h, chs → ks: Achslach → Axlakh, Zschopau → chopau. Sometimes the components of these letter combinations refer to different syllables, in which case they are transmitted independently: Altschul → Altshul.

Before front vowels ( i, e, in borrowings also y) With → c: Cilli → cilly. In other contexts c → To: Carl → Charles.

Before letters p And t at the beginning of a word or part of a compound word s → w: Spray → spree. Before vowels single s → h, otherwise s → With.

In a position between a vowel and a consonant (or between a vowel and e) h omitted in transcription. In other provisions h → X.

The tradition of transmitting everywhere h → G Today it is considered obsolete, but many names and surnames are transmitted precisely according to this rule: Tannhauser → Tannhäuser, Heisenberg → Heisenberg.

The "transcriptor" does not know how to divide German words into syllables and compound words into parts.

6. Consonants

letter combinations gk And tz passed according to the rules gk → G, tz → c.

doubled ll It is conveyed in different ways, depending on the position in the word:

between vowels ll → ll: Ellerbach → Ellerbach;

At the end of a word and between consonants ll → ll: Tellkoppe → Tellkoppe;

In other positions ll → l or eh.

Before vowels l → l, before consonants and at the end of words l → eh.

In German names and titles v → f: Volkmar → Volkmar. But in names of foreign origin v can be transmitted through V: Crivitz → Krivits.

"Transcriptor" always transmits v How f.

7. Double letters

Doubled (long) German vowels are always transmitted as one: Klopeinersee → Klopeinersee.

Doubled German consonants are transmitted as doubled and in transcription if they are in a position between vowels or at the end of a word. In other positions, doubled German consonants correspond to one consonant letter of transcription: Blatt → Blatt, Schaffran → Saffron.

letter combination ck corresponds kk in a position between vowels, otherwise ck → To: Becker → becker, Dick → Dick.

If you are going to visit Germany on a friendly visit, you need to prepare in advance. You can start learning German on your own, buy a phrase book, memorize basic phrases, or ask a teacher for help. If you have a lot of time left, then you should take it seriously, in a foreign country without knowing the language is not easy.

Where to start learning

So, it is reasonable to start with the following points:

• Acquaintance with the German alphabet and the rules for pronunciation of sounds and words;
• Learning basic verbs and frequently used words;
• Acquaintance with grammar and rules for constructing sentences;
• Pronunciation training, getting used to the sound of German speech, using music, films and programs;
• Reading books, magazines and adapted material from translations;
• Communication with native speakers and other students to consolidate the results.

Begin! The first successes can be made after 2-3 weeks of training, and you can talk to a German and exchange a couple of phrases by the end of the first month. The main thing is to start studying so that before the trip there is time to systematize the information received in your head!

With intensive and regular classes, you can begin to speak and understand the interlocutor in a couple of months. Of course, at first there will be banal everyday simple phrases: greetings, questions, requests, words to keep the conversation going. Then the vocabulary will expand to 1000-1500 concepts, you can even discuss some events. In everyday life, without taking into account highly specialized terms at work, the average German citizen uses about 2000-2500 different words.

For a trip to the country in order to see the sights and relax, the main groups of words are enough:

Greetings and farewells;

Phrases for finding a road: directions, street names;

Essential phrases for airport, railway stations and public transport;

Essential phrases for cafes or shopping in stores;

Phrases for emergency situations;

Words to express regret and gratitude;

Expressions to keep the conversation going.

For a comfortable stay, 100 phrases are enough - this is about 300-500 words. It is not enough to learn them, to practice pronouncing them correctly so that the interlocutor understands you. You also need to prepare for the expected answers - asking for directions and not understanding the answer will be a very unpleasant discovery. For safety, you can take a phrasebook to find the right phrase, but you should not rely on it, it is difficult to keep up a conversation and look for information in a book.

Phrases for greetings and goodbyes

The Germans are amiable and polite people, slightly closed, and they need good reasons for close communication or invitation to visit. On the street or in a public place, they will gladly come to the aid of those in need. To begin with, it is worth learning the phrases of greeting and starting a conversation.

It is customary to say “Hello” and “Bye” to close acquaintances and peers. In German, the phrases would look like this: "Hallo!" and "Tschüs!", and they sound "Halo!" and "Chus!". When talking to a stranger or an interlocutor who is clearly older than you, you should use the standard politeness phrase:

• Grüss Gott!(gruce goth) - Hello!
• Guten Morgen/Tag/Abend!(guten morgen/tak/abent!) which means good morning/afternoon/evening!
• Auf Wiedersehen!- the most common phrase at parting, an analogue of our "Goodbye!" and it reads "auf viderzein".
• Bisbald/morgen/später!(bis balt / morgan / spathe) - “See you soon / tomorrow / meeting!”

Phrases are appropriate in any situation, whether you know the interlocutor or not, they will be a manifestation of politeness.

• Gute Nacht!(gute nakht!) Literally translated "Good night!", Sometimes used by acquaintances when saying goodbye.
• Alles Gute!(ales gute!) the meaning of the phrase is “Good luck!” or “All the best!”, and its meaning does not change from intonation, as in Russian.

Understand! The Germans speak very emotionally, as opposed to their coldness and stiffness. Sometimes it seems that they are expressing indignation or angry, but in most cases it turns out that this is how the words sound in German. You need to understand that the Germans are quite cultured and will not be rude to a stranger for no reason.

There is one more phrase, it can also be used at the end of a conversation, it is hardly suitable for communicating with strangers - “Viel Glück!”. Literally translated as a wish of good luck, or "Happily!"

What it takes to keep a conversation going

The Germans are polite and cultured, after greeting you will most likely be asked how you are doing or inquire about your health. The phrase sounds something like this:

• Wie geht es Ihnen? (wee gate es inan?), in response, they thank and ask counter questions. Like that:
• Danke, gut Und Ihnen? (danke, gut und inen?), which means “Thank you, everything is fine! And you?"

There are 2 forms of the word "Excuse me" in German. To attract the attention of the interlocutor, “Entschuldigung” is said, it looks difficult, but it sounds “Entschuldigung”. And if you want to apologize for the inconvenience, then the phrase will sound slightly different - Entschuldigen Sie "Entschuldigen zi."

Remember! The complexity of the German language is word formation, sometimes a word can consist of several parts. Remembering this approach is quite difficult, it will take time.

If you still find it difficult to express yourself in German, you can tell the interlocutor that you do not understand him well and ask if he speaks another language. "Spreche ich deutsch nicht" (spreche ich deutsch nicht) translates as "I don't speak German". You can learn about other languages ​​with the phrase:

• Sprechen Sie Russisch/Englisch? (shprechen zi russish / english?), if the interlocutor answers “I” (Ja), you can safely switch to a language more familiar to you.

The right words at the airport and railway station

Arrival in Germany is associated with the passage of customs control at the border or at the airport. As in any other country, here it is better to clearly answer the questions left and try not to say too much. Customs officers may not understand Russian humor, and it will be quite difficult to overcome the language barrier if there is a misunderstanding with government officials.

For your information! At every airport in Germany, as well as at major railway stations, there is an opportunity to ask for help if the problem is out of control and you and the employee no longer understand each other. "Ich brauche einen übersetzer" means you need an interpreter.

You may be asked about the purpose of the visit, whether you have all the necessary documents, whether you have filled out the declaration, whether you have permission to import luggage items, and so on. If you memorize the phrases from the tablet, then it will be easy for you to pass customs control.

At the railway station, questions may arise regarding the location of luggage, orientation in the room, calling a taxi, and the like. Even without knowing the correct wording of the desired phrase, there is no need to panic and get upset. Template expressions will come to your aid, using them you can easily explain the problem to the representatives of the station. At the information desk you can find out the information you need: about train schedules, required documents, ticket prices, the location of left-luggage offices, taxi ranks and exits to the city.

By the way, the Germans are friendly people, when they understand that you are a foreigner and you need help, they will be happy to help, and with the availability of translators in smartphones and tablets, you can even start a conversation that is understandable to both.

If you need to order or buy something in the store

In a cafe or restaurant where you need to make an order, you will need a few basic phrases to ask for a menu and a bill, as well as to find out the cost of dishes:

• Wir hätten gern die Karte- We'd like a menu.
• Konnen Sie mir etwas empfehlen?– Can you recommend me something?
• Das habe ich nicht bestellt!- this is not my order / I did not order this dish.
• Wir möchten bitte bezahlen!/Die Rechnung bitte!- We would like to pay! / Bring the bill, please!
• Stimmt so!- Don't give up!

By the way, recently it is customary to call waiters simply - “Entschuldigung!” (Sorry!), but most often they come up themselves and address visitors with the phrase:

• Was kann ich Ihnen anbieten?- What can I offer you?
• Or, Was nehmen Sie?- What will you order?

When buying something in a store, you will need to find out the cost, expiration date, change amount, and other little things. Trying on clothes will require you to know the sizes translated into German or European.

On the street - phrases in German for finding the way

If you are moving around a German city by taxi or public transport, you will sometimes have to ask for directions or correct the direction for the driver. You need to learn phrases to address people on the street and the police. The basis of all expressions of this kind:

• Wo befindet sich…/Ich suche…(in befindet zih…/ih zuhe…) – where is…/I am looking for…
• die Apotheke(di apoteke) - ... a pharmacy;
• die Kaufhalle(di kauf-halle) - ... shop;
• polizeirevier(policeman revere) - ... police station;
• eine Bank(aine bank) - ... bank;
• my hotel(main hotel) - ... hotel;
• das Postamt(das stamp) - ... mail.

All the necessary phrases for communicating with public transport and taxi drivers, the following phrases will be enough for you:

For tourists in large cities in Germany, there are many explanatory and guiding signs, you can read the information you need on them, for example, where the toilet is located, or in which direction the square is located. Warning signs in public places are duplicated in English. It is more familiar to our eyes, but you also need to know the German designations well.

Phrases for hotel or hotel

Upon arrival in the country, you will need somewhere to stay, most likely you will need a hotel or a hotel. Big and famous establishments have an interpreter, but medium and cheap ones will meet you with German staff. And you will have to explain your wishes in their native language or gestures. Not everyone will get what they want.

For productive communication with staff, 15-20 phrases will be enough for you:

German phrases for an emergency

On good trips and successful journeys, such phrases do not have to be used. But situations are different and you need to know them. At least in order not to look in the phrase book, how to call a doctor if someone urgently needs help. It is enough to learn a few things to be able to call the police or doctors at the right time.

Important! Every country has special phone numbers that you can call even if you don't have access to a mobile network. They can be obtained at the hotel reception, at customs or at the information desk.

Situations with money in an exchange office or a bank also require understanding so that an incident does not result due to misunderstanding with employees.

What do you need to visit a foreign country?

In addition to a camera, money and personal items, you will definitely need:

• Detailed map of the city;
• Phone numbers of the Russian embassy;
• Numbers of special services and codes for calling them from a cell phone;
• Russian-German phrase book in case of an unforeseen situation;
• Positive attitude and good mood;
• "Reinforced concrete" knowledge of the basic words of politeness and the ability to apply them.

• Happy retreat! Confessing love in German is quite simple, the phrase is simple - “Ich liebe dich”, sounds like “ich liebe dich”.

Summing up, let us recall the main words for communication in any country and in any language:

• "Thank you!" German sounds "Danke" or "Danke schön!"
• "Please!" would be "Bitte" or "Bitte schön!"
• "I'm really sorry!” can be expressed with the words “Es tut mir leid!”
• "Nice to meet you!" in German it sounds important and weighty - “Schön, Sie kennenzulernen!”
• "Be healthy!"- “Gesundheit!”, regardless of nationality and traditions, a wish of health from the heart will always be accepted by the interlocutor with pleasure.

It is these little things that often help tourists on the streets of a foreign city, and together with common sense, a well-defined route and learned basic phrases, they will allow you to get the most out of the trip.

Restrained and pedantic Germany, a country that millions of people from all over the world dream of visiting, at least for a week. There is everything for a great pastime. Ski resorts, nightclubs, great restaurants, pubs and luxury hotels. Also in Germany there is a huge number of medieval buildings and other architectural monuments.

But knowing the German language, you will enjoy a tour of this country even more, or you can simply download a Russian-German phrasebook if you cannot master this language.

Our phrase book can be printed directly from the site or downloaded to your device, and all this is completely free. The phrase book is divided into the following topics.

Appeals

Common phrases

At customs

At the station

At the hotel

Walk around the city

In transport

In public places

Emergencies

Numerals

In the shop

Tourism

Greetings - the Germans are very friendly and affable people, and therefore, it is also dear for you to know how to greet the inhabitants of Germany. Here are the words for this.

Standard phrases are common words that you can use during any conversation to keep it going.

Station - if you are confused by the signs and signs at the station, or do not know where the toilet, buffet is located, or you need a platform, just find the question you need in this topic and ask a passer-by how to get to this or that place.

Orientation in the city - in order not to get lost in the big cities of Germany, use this topic in order to find out from passers-by that you are going in the right direction, etc.

Transport - if you do not know how much the fare costs or want to clarify which bus you take to get to the hotel or to some point of interest, find your questions in this topic and ask them to German passers-by.

Hotel - a large list of necessary questions and phrases that are often used while staying at a hotel.

Public places - in order to clarify where the object or public place you are interested in is located, just find a suitable question in this topic and ask it to any passer-by. Be sure you will be understood.

Emergencies - it is unlikely that something can happen to you in a calm and measured Germany, but such a topic will never be superfluous. Here is a list of questions and words that will help you call an ambulance, the police, or just tell others that you are unwell.

Shopping - want to buy an item you are interested in, but do not know how its name sounds in German? This list contains translations of phrases and questions that will help you make absolutely any purchase.

Numbers and figures - every tourist should know their pronunciation and translation.

Tourism - tourists often have all sorts of questions, but not everyone knows how to ask them in German. This section will help you with this. Here are collected the most necessary phrases and questions for tourists.

If you are going to travel to Germany, Austria or Switzerland, a Russian-German phrasebook that contains frequently used words and expressions in German will be very useful for the convenience of communication. The phrasebook is compiled taking into account pronunciation, which will make your communication convenient and enjoyable. But the main place of distribution still remains Germany, where the German language ...

Travel Phrasebook

If you are going to travel to Germany, Austria or Switzerland, for ease of communication, a Russian-German phrasebook that contains frequently used words and expressions in German will be very useful. The phrasebook is compiled taking into account pronunciation, which will make your communication convenient and enjoyable. But the main place of distribution still remains Germany, where German is the only official language.

The Federal Republic of Germany is located in Central Europe. Population - 82 million people. An area of ​​357,021 sq. km. Capital -. Germany is washed by the Baltic and North Seas. The northern border is from the eastern - from and the southern - from, and. Western - and. Modern Germany is a rapidly developing industrial country with a powerful economy. An orderly and tidy Germany is the best service, hearty cuisine, well-maintained cities.

See also "", with which you can translate into German (or vice versa) any word or sentence.

greetings

Standard phrases

Railway station

Passport control

Orientation in the city

Transport

Hotel

public places

Emergencies

Purchases

Numbers and numbers

Tourism

Restrained and pedantic Germany, a country that millions of people from all over the world dream of visiting, at least for a week. There is everything for a great pastime. Ski resorts, nightclubs, great restaurants, pubs and luxury hotels. Also in Germany there is a huge number of medieval buildings and other architectural monuments.

But knowing the German language, you will enjoy a tour of this country even more, or you can simply download a Russian-German phrasebook if you cannot master this language.

Our phrase book can be printed directly from the site or downloaded to your device, and all this is completely free. The phrase book is divided into the following topics.

Appeals

Common phrases

At customs

At the station

At the hotel

Walk around the city

In transport

In public places

Emergencies

Numerals

In the shop

Tourism

Greetings - the Germans are very friendly and affable people, and therefore, it is also dear for you to know how to greet the inhabitants of Germany. Here are the words for this.

Standard phrases are common words that you can use during any conversation to keep it going.

Station - if you are confused by the signs and signs at the station, or do not know where the toilet, buffet is located, or you need a platform, just find the question you need in this topic and ask a passer-by how to get to this or that place.

Orientation in the city - in order not to get lost in the big cities of Germany, use this topic in order to find out from passers-by that you are going in the right direction, etc.

Transport - if you do not know how much the fare costs or want to clarify which bus you take to get to the hotel or to some point of interest, find your questions in this topic and ask them to German passers-by.

Hotel - a large list of necessary questions and phrases that are often used while staying at a hotel.

Public places - in order to clarify where the object or public place you are interested in is located, just find a suitable question in this topic and ask it to any passer-by. Be sure you will be understood.

Emergencies - it is unlikely that something can happen to you in a calm and measured Germany, but such a topic will never be superfluous. Here is a list of questions and words that will help you call an ambulance, the police, or just tell others that you are unwell.

Shopping - want to buy an item you are interested in, but do not know how its name sounds in German? This list contains translations of phrases and questions that will help you make absolutely any purchase.

Numbers and figures - every tourist should know their pronunciation and translation.

Tourism - tourists often have all sorts of questions, but not everyone knows how to ask them in German. This section will help you with this. Here are collected the most necessary phrases and questions for tourists.