Newcastle upon Tyne is a port city in England. Transport UK

In the section on the question What is the largest port in England? given by the author User deleted the best answer is Bristol - one of the oldest and most significant trading cities in England - located at the junction of the Avon and Frome rivers. This is the largest city in the south of the country and the largest British port, dating back to the 11th century and being a kind of “gateway to England”. From here they went to all corners of the world. Much has changed since colonial times, but Bristol is still one of the main port cities in England. It is divided into three main parts. On the right bank of the Avon is the Old Town, while Redcliffe and Clifton are on the steep hills of the left bank. A magnificent chain bridge (67 m long and 88 m high) spans the picturesque gorge that forms the Avon. Bristol is a vibrant university city with fashionable shopping centres, restaurants, shops and stunning historical sites.

Answer from Yoolnyshko[guru]
London!

Answer from ЀAIDA***[guru]
Gull, a port in England (Hull) or Kingston-on-Hulle is one of the main ports of England, the eastern part of the county of York, on the banks of the River Hull and the bay formed by the Humber River, 33 km from the German Sea. Gul occupies a position on the east coast of England similar to Liverpool on the west; This is a warehouse for Yorkshire products - wool and cloth.

Answer from Gleam[guru]
Bristol.

Answer from N.B.[guru]
Southampton is the largest seaport in England, from which the Titanic set sail in 1912.

As you enter this extreme southern city on the banks of the English Channel, you are constantly struck by the slogan: Portsmouth, the great waterfront city (“Portsmouth, the great coastal city”).

Located mainly on the island PortseaIsland, the town is separated from the rest of England by a narrow stream PortsbridgeCreek, crossed by many bridges and roads, so you can only understand that you are on an island by climbing onto the observation deck of the 170-meter tower EmiratesSpinnakerTower, which is also called the Solent Sail for its special architecture ( Solent is a strait that separates the island Wight from the rest of England). The observation deck is located at an altitude of 100 m, and below on the ground floor there is a glass cafe WaterfrontCafe overlooking the port. From the high tower you can see the center and surrounding areas of the old town, the historic port, Tudor coastal fortifications and new multi-storey buildings with a building shaped like a lipstick tube rising above all the others.

Despite the continuous strong wind brought by the hurricane Doris, on one of the gray-blue February days with ragged clouds and sudden sunny illuminations, I went on an excursion with a local professional guide AndrewStarr, and he told me in detail about the centuries-old port past of the city, the name of which, like all geographical names of its surroundings, contains the word “port”.

IN OldPortsmouth We walked along the embankment, on which muddy green waves crashed noisily. Here stands one of the oldest fortifications - the Square Tower, SquareTower, built in 1494 and also served as the residence of the governor. On the northern wall of the tower in a special niche there is a gilded bust of King Charles (Charles) the First, presented to the city by himself in 1635. Accused of absolutism, war against parliament and betrayal of the interests of the people of England and their “rights, liberties, justice and peace”, Charles The first was convicted and beheaded by Oliver Cromwell in January 1649. On the day of his execution, the king demanded an extra shirt for fear that he would begin to shiver from the cold and thereby give the crowd reason to think that he was trembling from fear. Local legend has it that every time the king's bust was removed from its niche in the Square Tower to be cleaned, the most terrible events in English history occurred. In the last century alone, it was cleaned in 1939, on the eve of the Second World War, and in 1982, on the eve of the Falklands War. Since then, the niche was covered with a metal mesh to prevent birds from gaining access, and the king was left alone.

Not far from Kvadratnaya there is the Round Tower, RoundTower, built by Henry the Fifth in 1426 from wood and covered with stone in the 1490s, as well as the ruins of a church from 1212. Royal Garrison Church, destroyed by German bombing in the 1940s, and the Anglican Cathedral of the 12th–17th centuries PortsmouthCathedral, in which the son of Charles the First, Charles the Second, was married.

In the 1650s, when Oliver Cromwell, according to the custom of all victorious revolutionaries, himself turned into a dictator, Charles (Charles) the Second hid in France and the Netherlands, and after the death of Cromwell, as a result of the political crisis that led to the restoration of the monarchy, he ascended to throne. After Cromwell and his Puritan minions, the people joyfully accepted the “merry king”, who was not alien to earthly pleasures. (He had 12 illegitimate children alone, which he himself recognized.) Charles II married Catherine Braganza from an aristocratic Portuguese family. Being an “old bride” of 23 years old, a Catholic who spoke little English, and a childless queen (three miscarriages), poor Catherine was not popular in England. Despite her husband's constant infidelities and the coldness of the court, she was a faithful wife, a fair ruler who stood up for prisoners, and a brave scout in the world of fashion. Having slender legs, she even tried to set an example by wearing short skirts that completely exposed her feet! Once she was accused of trying to poison the king, tried and tried to sentence her to death, but Charles stood up for his wife and saved her life. England owes its sacred custom of afternoon tea to Catherine of Braganza - it was she who taught the king and courtiers to drink tea.

To the south of the stone towers stretches a long embankment, decorated with monuments to English sailors, very clean and suitable for long walks. Here at the beginning of the last century there was a seaside resort popular among Londoners. Later, with the advent of large ferries and cheap trips to Spain, the resort died out, but entertainment venues, bars and restaurants remained on the long Victorian piers. On a promontory jutting out into the sea, a footpath ends at a medieval fortress. This is a castle Southsea Castle, built in 1539 by Henry the Eighth, who was actively involved in strengthening sea borders (and not just cutting off the heads of his wives one after another). The fortress was built with money received as a result of the closure of Catholic monasteries and in anticipation of aggression from France. In 1545, during a naval battle with the French, the king watched from here the sinking of his favorite brainchild - the largest ship in the country since 1511 Mary Rose, which sank, taking with it 500 human lives.

The wreck of the ship was discovered in 1971. The starboard side was completely destroyed by time, but the left side was largely preserved, as well as guns, navigational instruments, metal utensils, tools, money and even the skeletons and clothes of many sailors and one dog. A museum was built around the wreck of the ship, where today you can see the only ship of the 16th century in Europe.

In historical docks Portsmouth Historic Dockyard also contains Her Majesty's wooden warship Victory, on which Admiral Nelson fought and died at the Battle of Cape Trafalgar in 1805.

In the old town, in a small bay, you can visit the so-called Spice Island Spice Island, where taverns and brothels were located and where smugglers often plied their trade. They say that there were more than 400 taverns in the city, but it should be taken into account that they, as a rule, were tiny establishments for 15-20 people, and the port always lived a full life, and there was no shortage of sailors who liked to go ashore and have fun , did not have.

Like every seaside town, Portsmouth has an aquarium museum Bluereef Aquarium, inhabited by fish, crabs and shellfish of the English coast, guests from warm tropical seas and amphibians. Other local species include European spotted sharks.

There is also a large modern shopping center on the embankment. Gunwharf Quays with an excellent range of shops and restaurants. Companies from Adidas before Wonderbra sell their goods at significant discounts, and small coffee shops and bakeries provide customers with a lunch break.

Photos: Emma Krasov.Moreat “RealTravelAdventures"www.realtraveladventures.comand “Art and Entertain Me” www.artandentertainme.blogspot.com. Copyright Emma Krasov. All rights reserved. Email: [email protected].

Emma Krasov

The UK economy is highly dependent on the state of the national merchant fleet. According to the Department for Transport and the UK Chamber of Shipping, around 95% of the tonnage and 75% of the value of UK foreign trade goods, and up to 25% of domestic trade goods, are transported by water.

To serve maritime merchant and passenger vessels, as well as cargo handling, the UK has more than 70 international sea trade ports of commercial importance, as well as more than 200 small port points where local cargo is processed. Every year, more than 565 million tons of cargo are transshipped through British ports, of which about 220 million tons are imported and 180 million. export, and also transports up to 30 million passengers.

All areas of the UK, except the West Midlands, are connected to seaports, serving as major transport hubs. The largest of them are London, Liverpool, Manchester, Glasgow, Bristol, Newcastle. (Figure 1 shows all UK ports).

Britain's largest port -- London, which is the second in the world after New York, is located on the Thames, 45 km from its mouth. 40-50% of all UK imports and about 25% of exports pass through London. Docks, piers, warehouses stretching for tens of kilometers, mainly on the northern bank of the Thames, were built at different times by different companies. For unloading and loading operations in the port of London, in addition to floating cranes, about 9 thousand so-called lighters - self-propelled barges with a lifting capacity of 20 to 100 tons - are widely used.

It is inferior to London in terms of cargo turnover Liverpool, in the Mersey estuary, also one of the world's largest ports. Liverpool rivals London in its role in exports. 30% of the country's maritime passenger turnover also passes through the port of Liverpool (about 1 million passengers per year). In addition to the docks of Liverpool itself, stretching for 18 km along the right bank of the Mersey Estuary, the Port of Liverpool also includes the docks of nearby cities included in the conurbation of Greater Liverpool, in particular Birkenhead and Wallasey on the left bank of the Mersey Estuary.

Manchester- major UK port. Connected to the mouth of the river. The Mersey, which flows into the Irish Sea, has a 58-kilometre shipping canal. The Port of Manchester includes 20 tidal dock basins, part of a canal, piers and moorings. The length of the berth front is 17 km with depths of up to 12.2 m. The port is equipped with specialized berths for tankers, ore carriers and vessels transporting containers. About 70% of the total turnover of sea cargo consists of liquid cargo: oil, gasoline, liquid sulfur.

The total turnover of sea cargo passing through Manchester is 11.4 million tons. The port has powerful loading and unloading facilities, 3 dry docks and a floating dock provide any repairs to ships and ships up to and including destroyers and submarines. Through the canal and the mouth of the river. The Mersey is connected to the port of Liverpool.

Glasgow- a major port of Great Britain and one of the main shipbuilding centers on the River Clyde, 34 km from the mouth, on the west coast of Scotland. The port includes dock basins, piers and berths. The length of the berth front is 20.4 km with depths of up to 12.5 m. The total volume of sea cargo passing through the port of Glasgow exceeds 5.5 million tons. The port of Glasgow has 6 dry docks and slips that provide any repairs to ships. The products of Glasgow shipyards account for about 45% of all English shipbuilding. The port is connected by a canal to the Firth of Forth in the North Sea.

Bristol is a major port of Great Britain, located at the top of the bay of the same name at the mouth of the river. Avon. Includes the King roadstead, 7 tidal basins-docks occupying the entire mouth of the river, and roadstead berths for tankers. Due to large tidal currents, other vessels are handled only at the docks. The length of the berth front is up to 14 km with depths up to 14 m. The total turnover of sea cargo in the port of Bristol is 3.9 million tons. The structure of sea cargo passing through the port is diverse with a predominance in the import of oil. The Port of Bristol provides all types of ship and vessel repairs.

Newcastle- UK port on the river. The Tyne, which flows into the North Sea, 11 km from its mouth. The Port of Newcastle includes 3 dock basins, a quay and piers. The depth in the roadstead is 6.4-12.6 m. The length of the berth is up to 6 km with depths up to 11 m. The following sea cargo is imported into the port of Newcastle: oil and oil products, non-ferrous metals, iron ore, chemicals, cement, food; exported are coke, coal, cast iron, cars, lead and other metals. The total turnover of sea cargo passing through the port of Newcastle is 5 million tons. The berths are equipped with loading and unloading equipment, there are warehouses, cargo areas, oil storage facilities, a shipyard, and a dry dock.

The country's island position at the crossroads of important sea routes between Europe and other continents and the dependence of the country's economic development on external markets for raw materials and sales and the possibility of carrying out foreign trade transportation only by sea - all this contributes to the development of the country's merchant fleet and its transformation into the largest maritime power in the world.

For several centuries, Great Britain owned the largest navy in the world.

In 1904, the British maritime fleet was equal to almost half of the world's tonnage. From 1948 to 1964, the British merchant fleet ranked second in the world.

The British Register includes 649 ships with a displacement of over 100 so-called “long” tons. Their total carrying capacity is 15 million tons. Among them: 149 vessels with a total deadweight of 5.5 million tons for the transportation of oil, gas and chemicals; 453 vessels with a deadweight of 9.3 million tons, hired as bulk carriers and container ships; 47 passenger ships with a total deadweight of 100 thousand tons.

In the past, more passengers arrived in the UK by sea than by air. However, since the beginning of the 60s of the 20th century, the number of air passengers began to grow rapidly and is now several times higher than the number of those arriving in the country by sea. In total, the country has about 150 airports, through which it is connected by regular airlines to more than 100 countries of the world.

According to the British Statistics Office, 77% of ships owned by British companies are registered in the United Kingdom, the Isle of Man or the British Overseas Territories.

For many years England held the position of a maritime state.

This was facilitated by the geographical location of the country - located on islands, England is surrounded on all sides by water, so the ports of England for a long time occupied first places in terms of cargo turnover and allowed the state to support the economy through regular water transport.

Seaports are located along the entire coast of Great Britain, some of them are located far from the mouths of rivers. Major British ports have docks with locks. During high tides, deep-draft vessels move freely into the docks. During low tides, the locks close and keep the docks at high water levels, allowing the largest ships to remain in port to unload or load at low tide.

The largest British port, London, second in the world after New York, is located on the Thames, 45 km from its mouth. 40-50% of all UK imports and about 25% of exports pass through London. Docks, piers, warehouses stretching for tens of kilometers, mainly on the northern bank of the Thames, were built at different times by different companies. For unloading and loading operations in the port of London, in addition to floating cranes, about 9 thousand so-called lighters are widely used - self-propelled barges with a lifting capacity of 20 to 100 tons.

London is inferior in terms of cargo turnover to Liverpool, in the Mersey estuary, which is also one of the world's largest ports. Liverpool rivals London in its role in exports. 30% of the country's maritime passenger turnover also passes through the port of Liverpool (about 1 million passengers per year). In addition to the docks of Liverpool itself, stretching for 18 km along the right bank of the Mersey Estuary, the Port of Liverpool also includes the docks of nearby cities included in the conurbation of Greater Liverpool, in particular Birkenhead and Wallasey on the left bank of the Mersey Estuary.

Southampton, the largest of the English Channel ports, is almost on the same level in terms of ship turnover as Liverpool. It is located in a large natural harbor, protected from the storms of the island. White and exposed to double tides - from the west and east, alternating every 3 hours. Southampton imports include food cargo - fruits, early vegetables and new potatoes, meat, butter, grain, and other goods - oil and timber. Southampton is the passenger outport of London and the final destination of passenger express flights between America and England: a passenger disembarking in Southampton, arriving from the west, reaches London by train in 3-4 hours, whereas if he continues his journey by sea, he will only get to London in one day. Over 60% of UK passenger maritime traffic passes through Southampton.

The closest port of Manchester, which includes docks and warehouses along the Manchester Sea Canal, dug at the end of the 19th century, is twice as large as Liverpool in terms of cargo turnover. from the Mersey Estuary to Manchester.

In the west, at the entrance to the canal, where the oil refining industry developed, large docks for unloading tankers and oil storage facilities were built at Eastham and Ellesmere Port.

Other UK ports include Swansea, Cardiff and Bristol in Bristol Bay, Hull (Hull) in the Humber Estuary, Newcastle and Middlesbrough in the north-east of England, and Glasgow in the west of Middle Scotland. The port of Dover is located near the Pas-de-Calais, through which passenger traffic passes to France (ferries carry trains on the London - Paris line). In Northern Ireland, the port of Belfast plays an important role in communication with the UK.

Today, the ports of England have noticeably reduced the volume of cargo transported, but continue to operate and bring a stable income to the country.

Today there are 89 ports in England - cargo and passenger.

The most northern port in Essex, on the North Sea coast. It has regular ferry connections with the Netherlands (Hoek van Holland) and Denmark (Esbjerg). Cruise ships also depart from Port of Harwich. Ferry and cruise ship timetables at www.harwichconnexions.co.uk/flash08_04_28/index.html

On the Thames, 30 km from the Tower Bridge, there is a cruise port terminal - an ancient building, rather modest by today's standards. From here ships depart on cruises around the UK, to the fjords of Norway, and to the geysers of Iceland.
You can get to Port of Tilbury by taxi or local train.

UK airports

Air transport is becoming increasingly popular in the UK. The country has 450 civil airports serving both international and domestic airlines.

“Heathrow” is a kind of giant, because it is the largest airport in the country, leading in European open spaces in terms of congestion and occupying 4th place on the planet. The airport is located approximately 25 km southwest of central London. With the participation of 70 airlines, the flagship serves almost 200 destinations around the world. Heathrow has 5 terminals, which have a service system, cafes, lounges, ATMs, a business center, Wi-Fi, and multi-storey parking. You can rent a car directly at the airport or take a taxi. Do you want to continue your journey by public transport? Welcome to the train station or metro station, as well as the bus ready to take you to the Victoria bus station. Other information is available on the airport portal - www.heathrowairport.ru/.

Gatwick ranks second in the chart of the most popular airports in the UK, while in the category of the busiest airports it is considered the first on the planet. With only one runway and a couple of terminals, this air hub is among the leaders. The place of "registration" of the air terminal is Crawley, which is located 40 km from Brighton and 46 km from London.
The terminals are connected by a free metro line, ready to move you from the north of Gatwick to the south and vice versa in less than 2 minutes. The infrastructure of the airport, as befits the second most popular airport in the state, is excellent. There are shops, a children's center, a meeting room, and restaurants. And nearby there is a whole kaleidoscope of hotels, including a capsule hotel. You can continue your journey around the UK by car (taxi or rented) and buses. More information about Gatwick: www.gatwickairport.com/.

In third place, thanks to the sharp increase in passenger traffic in the last decade, Stansted, separated from London by 48 kilometers, settled. Stansted is not only an air hub, but also a kind of architectural landmark. All thanks to the unusual shape of the terminal with a floating roof, similar to a flying swan, mounted on a frame of “exposition” of pipes that mask communications. You can leave the airport either by car or bus, or by train. Other information here - www.stanstedairport.com/.

Manchester Airport

"Manchester", which is "registered" near the city of the same name, ranks fourth in the vastness of the UK in terms of scale, but first in terms of workload among its non-metropolitan "brothers". The three terminals of the airport are connected by internal convenient passages, and without leaving the building you can go to the railway station or the Radisson hotel. Equipped with a Manchester bus station, from which you can travel around the clock to many cities in the UK, as well as a taxi service. For more information please visit www.manchesterairport.co.uk/.

Edinburgh Airport

Edinburgh", located on the lands of Scotland, 13 km from the city of the same name, despite its modesty, ranks 8th in scale. In addition, over the last decade the territory of the air hub has been continuously expanding and modernizing. You can get to know Edinburgh in more detail by going to www.edinburghairport.com/.

This air hub is nestled right at the base of the Rock of Gibraltar - majestic, beautiful and so inaccessible. Despite the fact that this airport is at the disposal of the army, there are also flights for civilians.

The airport, located near Liverpool (12 km), previously bore a less famous name. Who knows, perhaps it is thanks to the change of name that this air terminal is the fastest growing among its European “brothers”. Liverpool John Lennon has a bus station, taxi service and other services that travelers may need. More details www.liverpooljohnlennonairport.com/.

The air gateway to southwest England is located 13 km from Bristol. Bristol is one of the TOP 10 busiest airports in the country and continues to actively develop. You can leave the airport either by buses going to the bus and railway stations of Bristol, or by taxi. About everything - www.bristolairport.co.uk/.

Cardiff Airport

This airport is the only one in Wales with international flights. An airport was located near the city - 20 km away. By the way, it also has other names - “Ruz”, in honor of the village where it is located, as well as “Cardiff-Wales”. There are free buses to the nearest train station. Other data is presented here - www.cwlfly.com/.

The extensive railway network, one of the oldest on the planet, is the pride of the British. To this day, the trains include vintage carriages that look like they came out of a fairy tale; if you’re lucky, you’ll get a ride in one of these. The total length of the tracks is 34,000 km. The center of the British railway network, as befits a capital, is London. London's 14 railway stations serve intercity and suburban routes, as well as the international line via the Eurotunnel.

The popularity of rail transportation is due to the speed of trains, which has a significant advantage over the speed of travel by buses. Also, the ratio of travel cost and comfort is in favor of the railway. Meanwhile, there is a great variation in prices, all because the railway business (namely, trains) is owned simultaneously by about 25 private firms. Some of the companies simply adhere to standards without chasing special speed indicators, while others are constantly improving technology, so their services are more expensive. Experienced travelers recommend changing operators along the way, so you will achieve the optimal combination of speed, quality and price. It is better not to plan travel during peak hours (weekdays from 6 to 9 am and from 4 to 7 pm), since railway transport is very popular among local residents. And be sure to book train tickets in advance (at least 7 days in advance, and preferably 14 days in advance), you can do this directly on the national railway website - www.nationalrail.co.uk/.

Metropolitan

In the UK you can travel by tube in London, Newcastle, Birmingham, Liverpool, Manchester, Nottingham, Glasgow and Sheffield. By the way, the first metro was born in England, and the locals are proud of this fact. The cost of using the metro varies not only from the number of trips purchased/validity of the pass (1 day, week, month, etc.), but also the day of the week and time of travel. The guideline is about £1 per trip. Trains run not only underground, but also on the surface, so you can admire the view of the city you chose for your vacation. You can copy the metro map by going to www.planetolog.ru/map-metro.php?country=GB and www.200stran.ru/subway_country43.html.

There are many different types of taxis in the country, the prices for their services vary depending on the class of the car, its surroundings and the professionalism of the drivers who undergo special training and exams. In any city in the UK, both owners of cars and minibuses can obtain a license for taxi services. There is no single insignia in the country that identifies a car as a taxi; the signs vary, but are invariably present, as a rule, in the rear of the body or on the roof. Sometimes the identification mark is the coloring - as in London. In the UK, special taxi services “minicab” have also been created, the fleets of which consist of minivans or sedans, where travel is also metered, but the iron “horses” must be ordered in advance. As a guide to prices, you can consider the following combination: landing - £1.2, each kilometer - £0.72. Meanwhile, don’t forget about the traditional UK tip of 10%. Sometimes you come across cars without a meter, then the amount can be negotiated, and it will be less than the specified tariff, but you risk getting hired by a company without insurance and a license, and such a business is punishable in the UK.

Buses are quite popular in the UK, both within cities and between them or to other countries. The quality of service is at the European level, the prices cannot be called cheap. True, there is a choice between different companies, so there is always a chance to find a better price. You can also win on payment by buying travel cards, the most popular of which are one-day ones. There are also night flights, which are slightly more expensive than regular routes. The cost of each bus trip within the city can be recorded in your spending plan as £1.
An important point to remember: when using buses, don't expect to cover the distance faster than traveling, in the UK it's the opposite.
The final point of arrival/departure for intercity routes is usually the city center, and this is very convenient. The bus “calling card” of Great Britain is double-decker buses, of which there are plenty in London - spacious, with an excellent viewing angle, loved by tourists, so you can ride to your heart's content.
Which bus companies provide the best prices? Experienced tourists praise Megabus - www.uk.megabus.com (international service) and CityLink - www.citylink.co.uk (targeting Scotland).

Attention: in Great Britain you drive on the left!
You can rent a car from one of the many companies providing this service. Often, right at the airport, you can draw up an agreement and go on a trip by car. You can rent a car if you reach 21 years of age, if you have an international driving license, at least a year of driving experience and insurance. A necessary condition is the payment of a deposit equal to the estimated rental cost.
When renting a car, you should remember that traffic safety in the UK is very high, compliance with the rules is strict, and penalties for violating traffic rules are very strict. The most intense traffic on the roads is in cities and suburbs. In London, entry into some areas is paid, and parking is also paid.

You are already familiar with UK transport, it’s time to start putting your knowledge into practice!