Where is the bottom? My city is Nizhny Novgorod. Telephone code of the city of Nizhny Novgorod

The history of Nizhny Novgorod began in 1221, when it was founded by Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich to protect the borders of the Russian state. Under Ivan III, Nizhny was also assigned the role of a guard city; troops were constantly stationed here.

In the 14th century, the city was the capital of the Nizhny Novgorod-Suzdal principality.

At the beginning of the 17th century, when the state was threatened with the loss of state independence, thanks to the city militia, led by the merchant Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky, they managed to defeat the Polish interventionists and expel them from Moscow.

Thanks to its favorable geographical location, Nizhny Novgorod has always been attractive for trade. Since ancient times, caravans of merchant ships sailed along the Volga and Oka. In 1817, the famous Fair began operating in the city, setting prices for bread and other basic products for the entire country. Trade also shaped the appearance of the city - it has preserved many merchant houses, as well as churches and temples built at the expense of business people. And now one of the unofficial names of Nizhny is “the pocket of Russia,” indicating its important role in the country’s trade.

In 1932, the city was given the name Gorky, after the pseudonym of the Russian writer Alexei Peshkov, who was born here. In the 30s, industry developed rapidly in the city - many aviation and defense enterprises were launched, the Krasnoye Sormovo plant, the famous GAZ.

In the post-war period, many industrial enterprises related to state defense were located in Gorky, so from 1959 to 1991 the city was inaccessible to foreign citizens. On October 22, 1990, Nizhny acquired its original name.

Nowadays, Nizhny Novgorod is the largest industrial, transport, scientific and cultural center of the country, a city with a non-standard appearance.

Attractions

The heart of Nizhny Novgorod is the Kremlin. The white-stone fortress wall of the majestic structure stretches for two kilometers. Next to the Kremlin is the highest embankment of the Volga, which offers a magnificent view of Strelka and the port. The date of construction of the Kremlin coincides with the founding of the city itself, when Yuri Dolgoruky began to build a wooden fortress with earthen ramparts on the banks of the Volga. At the beginning of the 16th century, the Ivanovo Tower was erected, and the entire structure was built in 1515. Today, 12 of the 13 towers appear before us in their original form. There are many interesting objects on the territory of the Kremlin: a museum of military equipment; Museum of the History of Nizhny Novgorod; Art Museum, whose collection includes paintings by Aivazovsky, Roerich, Levitan, Kustodiev; Nizhny Novgorod Philharmonic. St. Michael the Archangel Cathedral is the oldest temple in the city, which appeared here at the time of its founding, and the only one that has survived out of the five that were previously located in the Kremlin. The main shrine of the temple is the icon of the Kazan Mother of God. In addition, the Kremlin houses the ashes of Kuzma Minin, and there are monuments to Simon Suzdalsky, Minin and Pozharsky, Yuri Dolgoruky and soldiers who died during the Great Patriotic War.

The Kremlin is located on the main square of the city, named after Minin and Pozharsky. The pedestrian street Bolshaya Pokrovskaya, a kind of Moscow Arbat, originates from the square. In the old days, the houses of wealthy merchants, nobles and aristocracy were concentrated here. The street is paved with paving stones, so it is recommended to wear comfortable low-heeled shoes before visiting it. In the middle of Pokrovka is the building of the State Bank, built in a palace style and decorated with bas-reliefs and stone carvings. Near the building of the Nizhny Novgorod Drama Theater there is a monument to the famous actor Evgeny Evstigneev. Curious sculptures add color to the street - here you can take a photo with the postman and his bicycle (opposite the Main Post Office); with a young lady admiring herself in the mirror (near the Oktyabr cinema); with a policeman located at the very beginning of the street. Near the Puppet Theater there is a composition “Mother and Son”, near the Faculty of Philology of the University there is a monument to a spoon. In addition, on the street you can look at monuments to a photographer, a cheerful goat, a violinist, and a shoe shiner. House number 3 is the Palace of Labor, considered one of the most beautiful buildings in the city. From Bolshaya Pokrovskaya you can also get to Gorky, Lyadov and Teatralnaya squares.

Following from the Kremlin to the Volga, tourists end up on the Verkhne-Volzhskaya embankment, which begins with a monument to the famous pilot Valery Chkalov. From the monument, the Chkalov Staircase descends to the river, consisting of 560 steps and 3 times higher in height than the Potemkin Staircase in Odessa. On the embankment there is a museum-reserve “Rukavishnikov Estate” - a magnificent example of a merchant mansion of the end of the century before last.

The Nizhny Novgorod Fair is a large-scale architectural landmark that unites the Gostiny Dvor, the bypass canal, the Main Fair House, and the Spassky Old Fair Cathedral. Nowadays, the fair is the largest exhibition complex in the country.

The Annunciation Monastery (Melnichiy Lane, 8) traces its history back to the founding of the city. The temple was founded by Yuri Dolgoruky himself and Saint Simon. Now the monastery houses a theological seminary, and in the Alexievsky Church, located on its territory, there is a rare porcelain iconostasis, similar to it only in Moscow, Yekaterinburg and Valaam.

Near the public transport stops “Freedom Square” and “Opera and Ballet Theatre” there is a building reminiscent of an impregnable castle - the Nizhny Novgorod fort, an ancient prison. Now the building houses a museum where you can see the cells, the punishment cell, the prison church, and also visit the exhibition.

One of the most beautiful sights of the city is the Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Gnilitsy stop). The inside of the five-domed temple is decorated with white stone carvings and magnificent ornaments. The church houses important icons for Christians: St. Nicholas, Philaret of Moscow, Seraphim of Sarov. The temple is crowned with a golden cross with a weather vane and a unique ancient clock that shows not only the time, but also the solar and lunar phases.

The Church of the Assumption on Ilyinskaya Hill is a wonderful architectural monument of the 17th century. The temple is located in the historical district of Zapochainye, where you can see other attractions of the city - Peter's House, the Pushnikov and Olisov Chambers, the Church of Elijah the Prophet and the Myrrh-Bearing Women.

Other religious buildings in Nizhny Novgorod that are worth visiting: Church of the Nativity of John the Baptist; Cathedral of the Blessed Prince Alexander Nevsky; Ascension Monastery.

Do you want any of your wishes to come true? Go to the Sormovo district, where near houses No. 166-168 on Comintern Street there is a “Pyatak” - a monument to a five-kopeck coin. Local residents and guests of Nizhny Novgorod entrust their cherished dreams to him and believe that they will come true. The coin monument is a popular place among newlyweds who come on their wedding day to ask Pyatak for wealth for their young family.

All sights of Nizhny Novgorod

Recreation and entertainment

If you are tired of the noisy city, then you can relax and take a walk in nature in the Switzerland Park (Prioksky district). In the century-old park stretching along the Oka River, you can also have fun on the rides, ride a Ferris wheel and visit the small Mishutka Zoo.

Cruise tourism is well developed in Nizhny Novgorod. In the city, located at the junction of two large rivers, you cannot miss the opportunity to take a boat trip along the picturesque banks. Pleasure boats depart from the River Station (Nizhne-Volzhskaya Embankment). The website of the company serving river excursions is http://www.vsk-nn.ru.

The city museums offer excellent cultural recreation:

• Museum of Architecture and Life of the Peoples of the Volga Region (Gorbatovskaya, 39);
• Open-air museum “Steam Locomotives of Russia” (Arkhangelskaya, 1);
• Orthodox Museum (Pokhvalinsky Congress, 5);
• Russian Museum of Photography (Piskunova, 9-A);
• Art Gallery “Russian Century” (Minina, 1);
• Technical Museum (Bolshaya Pokrovskaya, 43);
• Museum-Apartment of M. Gorky (Semashko, 19) and Museum of Childhood of M. Gorky (Pochtovy Congress, 21);
• Museum of Entertaining Science (Sovnarkomovskaya, 13).
• For tourists with children, the Limpopo Zoo (Yaroshenko, 7-B), the Planetarium (Revolyutsionnaya, 20), and the Circus (Kommunisticheskaya, 42) offer an entertaining pastime. In the summer, young tourists enjoy riding on the children's railway (October Revolution, 23-A).

Popular nightclubs in the city:

• MIXTURA (Nizhne-Volzhskaya embankment, 16);
• VASYA+1 (Krasnaya Sloboda, 6);
• TEATRO (Gorky, 141) with a variety show, 5 bar areas and a Go-Go cabaret;
• MILO (Belinsky, 63);
• FABRIKA (Rozhdestvenskaya, 43).

In summer you can sunbathe on the Nizhny Novgorod beaches located on the Meshchersky, Shchelkovsky and Avtozavodsky lakes, as well as on the Rowing Canal.

You can go ice skating at the skating rink at the Sports Palace (29 Gagarina Ave.) at any time of the year (Monday and Tuesday are days off).

For fans of alpine skiing, there is the Novinki complex not far from the city; in the summer, horse rentals are open here. You can also ride a horse at the hippodrome (Shcherbinki-2).

Shopping in Nizhny Novgorod

The Nizhny Novgorod region is famous for its crafts, the products of folk craftsmen are excellent gifts and souvenirs: Semenov spoon, Gorodets painting (naive painting), stone and bone crafts, products with Khokhloma painting, Cossack filigree, homemade tablecloths, nesting dolls.

The “Art Crafts” store (Bolshaya Pokrovskaya, 43) offers factory-made and hand-made souvenirs from both Nizhny Novgorod and other regions of the country.

The Gorodetsky Gingerbread factory sells famous printed gingerbreads, which have been prepared in Nizhny Novgorod for more than 300 years. Rarely does a tourist leave without this true work of confectionery art, famous for its taste and only natural ingredients - fruit jam, condensed milk and dried fruits.

Christmas tree decorations produced by the local Ariel factory will be an excellent gift for family and friends. The factory offers excursions, during which you can take part in a master class and blow your own glass Christmas tree decoration.

Products with the famous Gorodets gold embroidery - dresses, stoles, capes - can be purchased at the Gorodets Gold Embroidery company (Respublikanskaya, 86-A).

Few city guests can resist cutlery with decorative coatings produced in the Nizhny Novgorod region, in the city of Pavlovo.

Far beyond the borders of the Nizhny Novgorod region, the products of the local Guipure factory are known. Products with “airy embroidery” (dresses, bed and table linen, blouses) are one of the most popular goods purchased by city guests; they can be purchased at JSC “Gipure” (Belinskogo, 65).

Best shopping centers:

• Seven (Korablestroiteley Ave., 22-B);
• “Golden Mile” (Kominterna, 105) - in addition to shops and a hypermarket of household appliances, you will find here a huge entertainment center “Sormovsky”;
• “Respublika” (Revolution Square, 9) - boutiques of many world brands, as well as “Detsky Mir”;
• “Fantastic” (Rodionova, 187-B);
• “Floors” (Belinskogo, 63).

Transport

Public transport in Nizhny Novgorod - bus, trolleybus, minibus, metro and tram, one of the routes of which is an excursion route and runs through the city center.

In addition to land transport, the city actively uses water passenger transportation and a unique cable car for the country. In 13 minutes, funiculars deliver passengers from one bank of the Volga to the other, the cost of the crossing is 70 rubles. The Nizhny cable car is not just a type of public transport, but also one of the main attractions of the city - its length is 3361 meters, which exceeds its European counterparts. The road supports are 82 meters long, and the length of the unsupported section is 882 meters, which is still an unsurpassed world record.

The river taxi runs on three routes: “Nizhny Novgorod - Bor”, “Andreevskoye - Lytkarino”, and “Alexandrovsky Garden - South Microdistrict”.

Accommodation

Nizhny Novgorod offers many hotels of various price categories, rental housing from private owners, hostels and mini-hotels. You can book suitable accommodation on the appropriate resources on the Internet.

Popular hotels are “Volga” (4*, 15 minutes from the airport) and “Alexandrovsky Garden” (4*, 1.5 hours from the airport), which have their own fleet of vehicles, whose transfer services can be ordered in advance.

Where to eat

Nizhny Novgorod is a popular tourist city, so the choice of catering establishments here is varied.

If you are looking to save money, then you can afford a visit to such chain cafes as “Moloko”, “Edok”, “Gubernskoe” or the pie shop “Ochag” (Bolshaya Pokrovskaya, 44-B). Right here, on Pokrovskaya (No. 2), you can have a great snack at the Sovok noodle shop.

Establishments for intellectuals: cafe "Library" (Bolshaya Pokrovskaya, 46) and cafe "Bezukhov" (Rozhdestvenskaya, 6).

French cuisine is offered by the Gavrosh cafe (Rozhdestvenskaya, 23).

In the Fidel Bar cafe you will have a great time relaxing among Cuban interiors, enjoy Italian, Oriental or European cuisine, and appreciate the wide selection of beer.

The best, respectively, the most expensive establishments in the city:

• Robinson restaurant (Grebnoy Canal, 108) - themed interior, live music;
• restaurant Jam Prestige (Bolshaya Pokrovskaya, 48) - jazz evenings;
• grill bar “Kayut-kompaniya” (Grebnoy Canal embankment, 14) - marine theme;
• restaurant “Vitalich” (Bolshaya Pokrovskaya, 35) - Russian cuisine, hunting interior;
• Cafe-club “California” (Lenina, 36) - karaoke;
• restaurant "Chaika" (Lenina, 98);
• restaurant "Ermak" (Yubileiny Boulevard, 31-B) - Russian cuisine and corresponding interior;
• restaurant “At Alexandra” (Grebnoy Canal embankment, Sloboda Pechery, 112-A) - European, Russian and Caucasian cuisine.

How to get there

There are several flights daily from Moscow (Sheremetyevo, Domodedovo, Vnukovo) to Nizhny Novgorod, the flight time is 40-50 minutes. From Nizhny Novgorod airport "Strigino" to the nearest metro station "Park Kultury" minibuses No. 46, 29 and bus No. 20 run (from 06.00 to 22.00). The Metro (from 05.15 to 24.00) delivers to the city center (Gorkovskaya metro station). A trip to the city by taxi will cost 400-700 rubles.

High-speed trains “Sapsan” and “Lastochka” will deliver passengers from Moscow to Nizhny in 3 hours 45 minutes and 4 hours, respectively.

The Volga train departs from St. Petersburg to Nizhny Novgorod daily; you will be there in 9 hours 20 minutes.

Buses No. 4, 38, 61 and minibuses No. 2, 3, 5 and 34 run from the Moskovy railway station to the center.

Several times a day, buses depart from the Kursky railway station and the Shchelkovskaya metro station heading to Nizhny Novgorod.

The city of Nizhny Novgorod is located on the territory of the state (country) Russia, which in turn is located on the territory of the continent Europe.

Which federal district does the city of Nizhny Novgorod belong to?

Nizhny Novgorod is part of the federal district: Privolzhsky.

The Federal District is an enlarged territory consisting of several constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

In what region is the city of Nizhny Novgorod located?

The city of Nizhny Novgorod is part of the Nizhny Novgorod region.

A characteristic of a region or a subject of a country is the integrity and interconnection of its constituent elements, including cities and other settlements that are part of the region.

The Nizhny Novgorod region is an administrative unit of the state of Russia.

Population of the city of Nizhny Novgorod.

The population of the city of Nizhny Novgorod is 1,253,511 people.

Year of foundation of Nizhny Novgorod.

Year of foundation of the city of Nizhny Novgorod: 1221.

What time zone is the city of Nizhny Novgorod located in?

The city of Nizhny Novgorod is located in the administrative time zone: UTC+4. Thus, you can determine the time difference in the city of Nizhny Novgorod, relative to the time zone in your city.

Telephone code of the city of Nizhny Novgorod

Telephone code of the city of Nizhny Novgorod: +7 831. In order to call the city of Nizhny Novgorod from a mobile phone, you need to dial the code: +7 831 and then the subscriber’s number directly.

Official website of the city of Nizhny Novgorod.

Website of the city of Nizhny Novgorod, official website of the city of Nizhny Novgorod or as it is also called “Official website of the administration of the city of Nizhny Novgorod”: http://NizhnyNovgorod.rf/.

Flag of the city of Nizhny Novgorod.

The flag of the city of Nizhny Novgorod is the official symbol of the city and is presented on the page as an image.

Coat of arms of the city of Nizhny Novgorod.

The description of the city of Nizhny Novgorod presents the coat of arms of the city of Nizhny Novgorod, which is a distinctive sign of the city.

Metro in the city of Nizhny Novgorod.

The metro in the city of Nizhny Novgorod is called the Nizhny Novgorod Metro and is a means of public transport.

Passenger traffic in the Nizhny Novgorod metro (Nizhny Novgorod metro congestion) is 37.24 million people per year.

The number of metro lines in the city of Nizhny Novgorod is 2 lines. The total number of metro stations in Nizhny Novgorod is 14. The length of metro lines or the length of metro tracks is: 18.90 km.

The city of Nizhny Novgorod is the administrative center of the Nizhny Novgorod region. It is the largest city in the Volga Federal District, located on the East European Plain at the place where the Volga and Oka rivers merge. The Oka River divides it into two parts - the upper one, located on the Dyatlovy Mountains, and the lower one, located on the left on the low-lying bank. From 1932 to 1990 the city was called Gorky (in honor of the famous writer Maxim Gorky).

The city of Nizhny Novgorod is in fifth place in terms of population in the Russian Federation. The population is more than 1.255 thousand people. Nizhny Novgorod bears the status of an important economic, transport and cultural center of the country.

Nizhny Novgorod is one of the largest industrial centers in Russia; the main role lies with enterprises in the metalworking, mechanical engineering and information technology industries.

The city has about 600 unique historical, architectural and cultural monuments. The main one of all is the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin.

There are approximately two hundred cultural institutions in Nizhny Novgorod.

There are 95 public municipal libraries in Nizhny Novgorod, as well as libraries at educational institutions, organizations and enterprises of the city.

In the historical center of the city there is a stone Kremlin, built at the beginning of the 16th century, which was a 2-kilometer brick fortress surrounded by 13 watchtowers within the walls. The territory of the Kremlin housed many churches, but now only St. Michael the Archangel Cathedral has survived.

Bolshaya Pokrovskaya Street starts from the Minin and Pozharsky Square. By the way, the Kremlin tower with the name Dmitrovskaya is located on it - this is the “main” entrance to the Kremlin.

There are a lot of temples, churches, cathedrals in Nizhny Novgorod.
An important feature of Nizhny Novgorod is the large number of old low-rise buildings.

Nizhny Novgorod is a city with a great sports history and sports traditions.

A huge part of the city's sports facilities were built before the end of the 1980s and are morally outdated.

Printer Anikita Fofanov founded the first printing house at 19.12. 1613. And the first newspaper was published on January 5, 1838 and was called “Nizhny Novgorod Provincial Gazette”.

In August 1918, the city's first radio station began operating, and on February 27, 1919, the first voice transmission was launched. It was broadcast by the Nizhny Novgorod radio laboratory, under the leadership of Bonch-Bruevich.

Nizhny Novgorod is located at the confluence of two rivers: the Oka and the Volga. This city was originally founded as a fortress on the banks of the Oka and Volga rivers; the Oka divides the city into two parts. These parts of the city are connected by road bridges across the Oka River: Myzinsky, Kanavinsky, Molitovsky. A metro bridge was also built next to the Kanavinsky Bridge; by the way, it is also combined with a road bridge.

And there are 2 permanently operating bridges across the Volga River: the combined railway-road Borsky Bridge and the railway one. One of the directions of the Trans-Siberian Railway passes through them: the direction Nizhny Novgorod - Kirov.

Population of Nizhny Novgorod for 2018 and 2019. Number of residents of Nizhny Novgorod

Data on the number of city residents are taken from the Federal State Statistics Service. The official website of the Rosstat service is www.gks.ru. The data was also taken from the unified interdepartmental information and statistical system, the official website of EMISS www.fedstat.ru. The website publishes data on the number of residents of Nizhny Novgorod. The table shows the distribution of the number of residents of Nizhny Novgorod by year; the graph below shows the demographic trend in different years.

Number of residents of Nizhny Novgorod	Years
1,296,800 people [*]	2003
1,283,600 people	2005 year
1,272,527 people	year 2009
1,271,045 people	2010
1,254,592 people [*]	year 2012
1,259,921 people [*]	year 2013
1,263,873 people [*]	year 2014
1,267,760 people	2015
1,266,871 people	2016
1,264,075 people	2017
1,259,013 people	2018
1,253,511 people	2019

Graph of population changes in Nizhny Novgorod:

Nizhny Novgorod city photo. Photography of Nizhny Novgorod

Information about the city of Nizhny Novgorod on Wikipedia:

Link to the Nizhny Novgorod website. You can get a lot of additional information by reading it on the official website of Nizhny Novgorod, the official portal of Nizhny Novgorod and the government.
Official website of Nizhny Novgorod

Map of the city of Nizhny Novgorod. Nizhny Novgorod Yandex maps

• 1. Ascension Pechersky Monastery
• 2. Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin
• 3. Nativity (Stroganov) Church

Created using the Yandex service People's Map (Yandex map), when zoomed out you can understand the location of Nizhny Novgorod on the map of Russia. Nizhny Novgorod Yandex maps. Interactive Yandex map of the city of Nizhny Novgorod with street names, as well as house numbers. The map has all the symbols of Nizhny Novgorod, it is convenient and not difficult to use.

On the page you can familiarize yourself with some descriptions of Nizhny Novgorod. You can also see the location of the city of Nizhny Novgorod on the Yandex map. Detailed with descriptions and labels of all city objects.

The sun is the source of life on the planet. Its rays provide the necessary light and warmth. At the same time, ultraviolet radiation from the Sun is destructive to all living things. To find a compromise between the beneficial and harmful properties of the Sun, meteorologists calculate the ultraviolet radiation index, which characterizes the degree of its danger.

What kind of UV radiation from the sun is there?

Ultraviolet radiation from the Sun has a wide range and is divided into three regions, two of which reach the Earth.

• UVA. Long-wave radiation range
  315–400 nm

  The rays pass almost freely through all atmospheric “barriers” and reach the Earth.

• UV-B. Medium wave range radiation
  280–315 nm

  The rays are 90% absorbed by the ozone layer, carbon dioxide and water vapor.

• UV-C. Shortwave range radiation
  100–280 nm

  The most dangerous area. They are completely absorbed by stratospheric ozone without reaching the Earth.

The more ozone, clouds and aerosols in the atmosphere, the less the harmful effects of the Sun. However, these life-saving factors have a high natural variability. The annual maximum of stratospheric ozone occurs in spring, and the minimum in autumn. Cloudiness is one of the most variable characteristics of weather. The carbon dioxide content also changes all the time.

At what UV index values ​​is there a danger?

The UV index provides an estimate of the amount of UV radiation from the Sun at the Earth's surface. UV index values ​​range from a safe 0 to an extreme 11+.

• 0–2 Low
• 3–5 Moderate
• 6–7 High
• 8–10 Very high
• 11+ Extreme

In mid-latitudes, the UV index approaches unsafe values ​​(6–7) only at the maximum height of the Sun above the horizon (occurs in late June - early July). At the equator, the UV index reaches 9...11+ points throughout the year.

What are the benefits of the sun?

In small doses, UV radiation from the Sun is simply necessary. The sun's rays synthesize melanin, serotonin, and vitamin D, which are necessary for our health, and prevent rickets.

Melanin creates a kind of protective barrier for skin cells from the harmful effects of the Sun. Because of it, our skin darkens and becomes more elastic.

The hormone of happiness serotonin affects our well-being: it improves mood and increases overall vitality.

Vitamin D strengthens the immune system, stabilizes blood pressure and performs anti-rickets functions.

Why is the sun dangerous?

When sunbathing, it is important to understand that the line between the beneficial and harmful Sun is very thin. Excessive tanning always borders on a burn. Ultraviolet radiation damages DNA in skin cells.

The body's defense system cannot cope with such aggressive influence. It lowers immunity, damages the retina, causes skin aging and can lead to cancer.

Ultraviolet light destroys the DNA chain

How the Sun affects people

Sensitivity to UV radiation depends on skin type. People of the European race are the most sensitive to the Sun - for them, protection is required already at index 3, and 6 is considered dangerous.

At the same time, for Indonesians and African Americans this threshold is 6 and 8, respectively.

Who is most influenced by the Sun?

People with fair hair
skin tone

People with many moles

Residents of mid-latitudes during a holiday in the south

Winter lovers
fishing

Skiers and climbers

People with a family history of skin cancer

In what weather is the sun more dangerous?

It is a common misconception that the sun is dangerous only in hot and clear weather. You can also get sunburned in cool, cloudy weather.

Cloudiness, no matter how dense it may be, does not reduce the amount of ultraviolet radiation to zero. In mid-latitudes, cloudiness significantly reduces the risk of getting sunburned, which cannot be said about traditional beach holiday destinations. For example, in the tropics, if in sunny weather you can get sunburned in 30 minutes, then in cloudy weather - in a couple of hours.

How to protect yourself from the sun

To protect yourself from harmful rays, follow simple rules:

Spend less time in the sun during midday hours

Wear light-colored clothing, including wide-brimmed hats

Use protective creams

Wear sunglasses

Stay in the shade more on the beach

Which sunscreen to choose

Sunscreens vary in their degree of sun protection and are labeled from 2 to 50+. The numbers indicate the proportion of solar radiation that overcomes the protection of the cream and reaches the skin.

For example, when applying a cream labeled 15, only 1/15 (or 7 %) of the ultraviolet rays will penetrate the protective film. In the case of cream 50, only 1/50, or 2 %, affects the skin.

Sunscreen creates a reflective layer on the body. However, it is important to understand that no cream can reflect 100% of ultraviolet radiation.

For everyday use, when the time spent under the Sun does not exceed half an hour, a cream with protection 15 is quite suitable. For tanning on the beach, it is better to take 30 or higher. However, for fair-skinned people it is recommended to use a cream labeled 50+.

How to Apply Sunscreen

The cream should be applied evenly to all exposed skin, including the face, ears and neck. If you plan to sunbathe for a long time, then the cream should be applied twice: 30 minutes before going out and, additionally, before going to the beach.

Please check the cream instructions for the required volume for application.

How to Apply Sunscreen When Swimming

Sunscreen should be applied every time after swimming. Water washes away the protective film and, by reflecting the sun's rays, increases the dose of ultraviolet radiation received. Thus, when swimming, the risk of sunburn increases. However, due to the cooling effect, you may not feel the burn.

Excessive sweating and wiping with a towel are also reasons to re-protect the skin.

It should be remembered that on the beach, even under an umbrella, the shade does not provide complete protection. Sand, water and even grass reflect up to 20% of ultraviolet rays, increasing their impact on the skin.

How to protect your eyes

Sunlight reflected from water, snow or sand can cause painful burns to the retina. To protect your eyes, wear sunglasses with a UV filter.

Danger for skiers and climbers

In the mountains, the atmospheric “filter” is thinner. For every 100 meters of height, the UV index increases by 5 %.

Snow reflects up to 85 % of ultraviolet rays. In addition, up to 80 % of the ultraviolet reflected by the snow cover is reflected again by clouds.

Thus, in the mountains the Sun is most dangerous. It is necessary to protect your face, lower chin and ears even in cloudy weather.

How to deal with sunburn if you get sunburned

Use a damp sponge to moisten the burn.

Apply anti-burn cream to the burned areas

If your temperature rises, consult your doctor; you may be advised to take an antipyretic

If the burn is severe (the skin swells and blisters greatly), seek medical attention

Hello, my dear readers! For a long time I was going to write an article about my city Nizhny Novgorod, but I didn’t have time for a serious article, and I didn’t want to write something hastily, our city doesn’t deserve such an attitude. You know, oddly enough, before I somehow didn’t like our city, it seemed very big and uncomfortable to me, but then my opinion began to change. It should be noted that the city is changing for the better every year. Now I believe that I live in the most beautiful city in Russia. And if we look at the history of the city, then in general there are a lot of reasons for pride. I will try to tell and show you the most interesting, from my point of view, moments. I want to hope that my story will not seem long and boring to you. And those who have never been to Nizhny Novgorod will get to know it at least virtually.

My city Nizhny Novgorod

From the history of Nizhny Novgorod

First, a little history. Our city is quite ancient. Nizhny Novgorod was founded in 1221 by Grand Duke George (Yuri) Vsevolodovich, who was the son of Vsevolod the Big Nest, the grandson of the founder of Moscow Yuri Dolgoruky and the great-grandson of Vladimir Monomakh.

Our city did not always bear the name Nizhny Novgorod. In 1932 Nizhny Novgorod was renamed Gorky city- pseudonym of the writer Alexei Maksimovich Peshkov, who was born and lived in our city. And in 1990, after a referendum, the city returned its historical name. I'm very happy about this. I didn't like the name Gorky.

Features of the city's location

Our city is located in a very beautiful place - at the confluence of two large rivers Volga and Oka, and spreads widely along both banks of the Oka for 20 km and along the right bank of the Volga for 30 km. And the unusual location of the city is also in the terrain. The left bank of the rivers is a lowland, and the right bank is the Dyatlov Mountains. From the lower part of the city you can observe the very picturesque high steep mountain slopes of the upper part of the city. The height difference is about 140 m.

Since the upper and lower parts of the city are separated by rivers, the city many bridges- 5 across the Oka River, including a metro bridge, and 1 across the Volga, connecting Nizhny Novgorod with the satellite city of Bor. The bridge across the Volga is very busy; in the summer there is also a floating pontoon bridge.

And in 2012 she also earned unique cable car across the Volga. This Europe's longest cable car, used as public transport. Its length is 3661 m! It also has the longest unsupported span over water in the world - 882 m. Maybe our cable car will even be included in the Guinness Book of Records.

Main attraction - Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin

Of course, the main attraction of the city of Nizhny Novgorod is the Kremlin. It was built from 1500 to 1511. The Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin is unique; it is unlike any other Kremlin in Russia. Firstly, our Kremlin has no analogues in terms of the height difference between the upper and lower towers - it is 82 m! After all, the Kremlin stands on a steep bank! And secondly, the Kremlin had a defense system that was unique for that time; its towers protrude beyond the line of the walls. By the way, despite numerous sieges of the city, the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin was never taken!

There are 13 towers in the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin. The Kremlin covers an area of ​​about 45 hectares (about the same as the Moscow Kremlin). And the perimeter of the walls of our Kremlin is more than 2 km.

The role of the main entrance to the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin is played by the Dmitrovskaya Tower, which overlooks the main square of our city - Minin and Pozharsky Square.

The oldest building on the territory of the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin is, which was founded at the founding of the city in 1221. At first the church was wooden, and the stone cathedral that has reached us was built in 1628-1631.

Next to him is memorial complex "Eternal Flame" in memory of the Gorky residents who died in the war. According to existing tradition, the newlyweds lay flowers at the Eternal Flame on their wedding day.

And after graduation, schoolchildren come to the walls of the Kremlin to greet the sunrise.

Near the walls of the Kremlin there is a permanent exhibition of weapons and military equipment, produced in our city during the Great Patriotic War. There is a tank, guns, a Katyusha, a fighter, and even a submarine control room. All this equipment was produced at the factories of our city. Children always enjoy climbing using this technique.

Nizhny Novgorod - the capital of the Volga region

Nizhny Novgorod is a very large city. Lives in it 1 million 300 thousand people. Our city is one of the five largest cities in Russia.

Nizhny Novgorod is called the "Volga capital".

And since 2000, Nizhny has been the center of the Volga Federal District.

Nizhny Novgorod - the pocket of Russia

Perhaps you have heard the following saying: “Petersburg is the head of Russia, Moscow is its heart, and Nizhny is its pocket.” Nizhny Novgorod was called the pocket of Russia thanks to the famous Nizhny Novgorod fair- the largest in the world in terms of trade turnover in the 19th century.

The Nizhny Novgorod Fair was built in 1817. It was a whole city, including 30 streets and 8 squares!

The fair sold goods from all over the world, and mainly trade was with China, Persia and Central Asia. It was here that prices for basic goods were set: bread, tea, salt, fish, metal, furs, etc.

Now the fair complex hosts all kinds of exhibitions and fairs not only from other regions of Russia, but also from other countries.

Temples

Currently operating in Nizhny Novgorod 3 monasteries: women's Holy Cross and 2 men's - Annunciation and Pechersk.

The tallest temple in the Volga region is Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, standing at the confluence of the Volga and Oka rivers. Its height is 80 m.

There are many churches in our city, but, in my opinion, the most beautiful is.

It also deserves attention Church of the Nativity of John the Baptist. You all know that on November 4 we now celebrate National Unity Day. Did you know that this We owe this holiday to Nizhny Novgorod? The fact is that this day coincides with the day of the liberation of Moscow, and it was liberated thanks to the Nizhny Novgorod militia, which was gathered by the town mayor Kuzma Minin right at the foot of the Church of the Nativity of John the Baptist. And the militia was led by Dmitry Pozharsky.

Everyone knows Monument to Minin and Pozharsky on Red Square in Moscow? There is also an interesting story with this monument.

In 1808, Nizhny Novgorod residents wanted to erect a monument to the leaders of the militia in Nizhny, and began to collect money for it. However, in 1811, the Committee of Ministers decided to erect this monument in Moscow, and to build an obelisk in Nizhny Novgorod, on which to spend the money collected by Nizhny Novgorod residents.

Zurab Tsereteli made a copy of the famous monument, and on November 4, 2005, on the day when National Unity Day was celebrated for the first time in our country, this monument was inaugurated near the Church of the Nativity of John the Baptist, and the square near the temple was named National Unity Square. So the return of this sculpture to Nizhny is an act of historical justice!

Sights of Nizhny Novgorod

One of the main attractions of Nizhny Novgorod is certainly. This the longest staircase on the banks of the Volga. It has 560 steps! Everyone who swims along the river to our city admires this beauty. The staircase goes down the slope in the form of two large rings. The staircase was built from 1943 to 1949. German prisoners of war.

And at the top of the stairs rises a bronze monument to Valery Chkalov- the pilot who made the first flight over the North Pole, born in the Nizhny Novgorod province. It is interesting that the monument stands in the place that Chkalov himself chose for the monument to Maxim Gorky when he was walking with his friend, the sculptor Isaac Mendelevich. But fate decreed that in this place a monument to Chkalov himself appeared, the author of which was Mendelevich.

The monument to Chkalov looks at Minin and Pozharsky Square, on one side of which there is the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin, and on the other there are 2 universities - the Medical Academy and the Pedagogical University.

In total in our city 49 higher education institutions(including branches, mainly of Moscow universities). But among them it is worth noting Lobachevsky University ( the first university in Soviet Russia, opened in 1918) By the way, I graduated from this very university, Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics.

I would also like to mention the Nizhny Novgorod Linguistic University ( the first university in the country to study foreign languages).

The Technical University is also famous. The shipbuilding department of this university was graduated from a famous person, whose portrait, among the portraits of outstanding figures of the world, hangs in the National Library of Congress of the United States - this is the inventor and designer of hydrofoil ships and ekranoplanes, Rostislav Evgenievich Alekseev. A monument to one of these ships - "Meteor" - stands in our city on Burevestnik Square.

The first "Rocket", designed by Alekseev, was built in our city at the Krasnoye Sormovo plant, and its first flight on the Gorky-Kazan route took place in 1957.

By the way, even in our city it was launched the first tram in Russia. This happened in 1896. I remember that in 1996 our whole family went to the “100th Anniversary of the Nizhny Novgorod Tram” celebration. At that celebration we even got to ride on that vintage tram!

Since we touched on the topic of transport, I would like to mention our metro. He has the widest metro station in Russia. It consists of 2 platforms and 4 paths. Thus, passengers move from one line to another without additional transitions.

And what an unusual one we have River Station! Its building looks like a sailing ship!

The two central squares of Nizhny Novgorod - Minin Square and Gorky Square - connect pedestrian street Bolshaya Pokrovskaya. Along the entire street you can admire and take pictures with bronze figures, which is what tourists in our city do with pleasure. There is a policeman, a photographer, a violinist, a lady in front of a mirror and a lady sitting on a bench with a baby, a “Jolly Goat” and many other figures.

I would like to note the figure of Evgeny Evstigneev, sitting on a bench near the Drama Theater, where he began his career.

On Bolshaya Pokrovskaya Street there is another attraction of our city - this majestic State Bank building, reminiscent of a rich medieval castle and at the same time boyar chambers. This building was built in 1913.

Of course, in such a big city there are many theaters. The oldest is, which opened in 1896 with the premiere of Glinka’s opera “A Life for the Tsar,” where Fyodor Chaliapin performed the main role.

Since 1928, it has existed in our city. It was originally located in the building where it is now located Comedy Theater. And for its 50th anniversary, the Youth Theater received a new building.

The kids enjoy going to. The façade of the theater building is designed in the form of a stage on which a performance of figures of dolls forged from copper is performed.

Since 1935 it has been operating in our city Opera and Ballet Theatre.

There are enough museums in our city. But I would like to focus on an unusual museum - this Museum "Steam Locomotives of Russia". This is an open-air museum where real steam locomotives are collected, you can even climb on them. Moreover, entrance to the museum is completely free, and there are no staff there. My son and I went there at one time. Very interesting! And not only for children!

It also deserves attention Museum of the History of Arts and Crafts Nizhny Novgorod region. And we have a lot of crafts in our region - Khokhloma, Matryoshkas, Gorodets painting, Kazakovsky filigree, wood, bone and stone carving, embroidery and much more.

In general, there is a lot to see in the city! I understand that despite the fact that the article turned out to be quite voluminous, I did not tell even a hundredth part of what can be told about our city. But I hope you still got some idea about my city Nizhny Novgorod.

And for those who are interested in getting to know Nizhny Novgorod, I advise you to watch the very well filmed documentary about our city. True, this film was shot back in 2007. But the history of the city has not changed, and in recent years the city has become even more beautiful and modern.