Crimea has unique recreational resources. Presentation on the topic: "Natural resources of Crimea Crimean War Resorts of the Crimean peninsula Cave cities of Crimea Mountain peaks of Crimea Fortresses of Crimea Old and new Simferopol Pages of the military history of the Crimea
1. Expanding the horizons of students in studying the territory of Crimea.
2. Fostering a caring attitude towards the recreational resources of the peninsula.
3. Study of basic terms and concepts on the topic being studied.
The climatic conditions of Crimea are very diverse. Crimea is surrounded by a water basin, crossed by a mountain plateau, with gentle slopes to the north and steeper slopes to the south (towards the Black Sea), which is protected from the influence of northern winds. The mountains are cut by valleys. At different altitudes above sea level, there are different conditions that influence the nature of the climate.
- The climatic resources of the peninsula are generally favorable for the development of agriculture and are successfully used for climatic treatment at resorts.
In Crimea there are 1657 rivers and temporary watercourses with a total length of about 6000 km belonging to the Azov-Black Sea basin. Most of them are small rivers with a length of up to 10 km.
The food of the Crimean rivers is mainly mixed (snow and rain). In many areas, river regimes have been changed and regulated, and reservoirs have been created that are used for water supply and irrigation.
On the territory of Crimea, 5 deposits of underground mineral waters have been explored with approval of reserves in the State Reserves Committee (total reserves are 29,299 m 3 / day): Sak-Evpatoriya thermal mineral waters, Feodosiyskoye, Chokrakskoye mineral hydrogen sulfide waters, Evpatoriyaskoye mineral waters of the “sea” type, Novoselovskoye thermal waters .
Cultural and historical resources of Crimea
On the territory of Crimea there are over 11.5 thousand historical, cultural and architectural monuments belonging to various historical eras, civilizations, ethnic groups and religions. The most unique of them, for example, a complex of cave cities and monasteries, Genoese fortresses, holy places of various faiths and others are used as tourist sites.
Environmental problems of Crimea
1 . Pollution of the Black and Azov Seas.
2. Increased load on transport routes (state the reason).
3. Developments in environmental protection zones.
4 . Secondary soil salinization (explain the reason).
5 . Erosion processes.
6. Increased carbon dioxide emissions.
7. Insufficient amount of fresh water for agriculture (determine the consequences of closing the North Crimean irrigation canal).
Class assignment
Suggest ways out of emerging environmental problems (work in groups) for specific regions of the peninsula.
Homework
- Preparation of design work on the environmental situation in Crimea (work in groups).
Natural recreational resources of CrimeaPrepared by: 4th year student
Cherepakhina Ekaterina
Geographical position
o Area about 27 thousand square meters. mindo Crimea is connected to the mainland by the Perekop Isthmus, the largest
whose width does not exceed 8 km.
o On the territory of Crimea there are two small peninsulas –
Kerch in the east and Tarkhankut in the west
o The length of the coastline is about 1 thousand km.
o Land and sea borders – approximately 2.5 thousand km.
o By land, the peninsula borders the Kherson region of Ukraine
o By sea – with Bulgaria, Turkey, Romania, Georgia
o Mountains occupy approximately 1/5 of the entire area of the peninsula
o The highest point of Crimea is Mount Roman-Kosh with a height of 1545 m.
Balneological and mud resources
Mineral medicinal waters are confined to three regionsdistribution of mineral waters:
1. Plain Crimea
2. Folded region of the Crimean Mountains
3. Kerch Peninsula
There are 120 known springs and more than 30
promising areas for the manifestation of mineral waters
In spa practice the following are widely used:
1. Waters of the Saki region2. Waters of Evpatoria
3. Waters of Feodosia
4. Source "Adzhi-Su" Bakhchisarai region
Mud resources
More than 30 mud deposits belong to five groups of salinelakes - Evpatoria, Tarkhankutskaya, Kerch, Perekopskaya and
Chongaro-Arabat (Prisivashsky district), but recreational value
have the first three.
Unique mud
Saki resources
lakes are
basis
functioning
resort health resorts and
provide it
international
specialization.
Geomorphological resources
The relief of Crimea provides opportunities for the development of various types ofsports, educational, fishing and other types of tourism.
The most popular areas to visit are the Main
and the Inner Cuesta Ridge of the Crimean Mountains.
They meet the requirements of mountain hiking tourism of categories I and II
difficulties. As basic objects for training, climbing and carrying out
sports competitions are used and can be used
more than 30 peaks. The greatest value in terms of rock height
outcrops and technical difficulty of climbing have:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Rocks of the South Coast
Rocks of Southwestern Crimea
Rocks of South-Eastern Crimea
Rocks of Central Crimea
Water resources
SeasSea of Azov
Black Sea
Strait and Bay
Karkinitsky
strait
Kerch Bay
Lakes
Aktashskoe
Dzharylgach
Donuzlav
Karagol
Red
Kizlyarskoe
Moinakskoye
Saki
Tobechinskoe
Uzunlarskoe
Chokrakskoe
Yarylgach
Rivers
Salgir
Maly Salgir
Alma
Auzun
Beshterek
Belbek
Biyuk-Karasu
Bulganak
Derekoyka
Sary-Su
Black
Churuk-Su
Kacha
Waterfalls
Jur-Jur
Wuchang-Su
The most potential for diving are:
1. Water areas of the South-Western Crimea from Cape Lukull to Cape Sarych2. Water areas of the South Coast (South Coast of Crimea)
3. Water areas of South-Eastern Crimea
4. Water areas of the Tarkhankut Peninsula Recreational tourism is poorly used in Crimea
potential of fresh water bodies. Due to low water
Crimean rivers are used exclusively in
for natural educational purposes.
Forest resources
Use of forest resources in recreational managementdefined:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The degree of forest cover of the territory
Transport accessibility
Economic development
Status of forest lands
Other factors. According to the State Forestry Committee of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, the area of forest fund in Crimea is
341.4 thousand hectares, incl. forested - 278.5 thousand hectares; average forest cover is 10.7%.
In the steppe zone of Crimea, an important recreational resource is
forest belts. Their area over 50 years has increased from 7.7 thousand hectares to 40 thousand hectares.
Examples of artificial forest resources are forest parks. Most
a large forest park in the steppe Crimea stretches along Kazantipsky
The bay is 18 km long, its area is more than 2.7 thousand hectares.
Animal resources
Hunting resources are represented by 25 species of mammals and 56 speciesbirds, of which the greatest value is for sport and amateur hunting
have deer, roe deer, wild boar, brown hare, fox, pheasant and gray partridge.
The total area of hunting grounds is 2018.6 thousand hectares.
The fund of fishery reservoirs of Crimea includes the Black Sea and
Azov coast, 21 rivers, 15 lakes, 24 reservoirs.
Resorts and tourism in Crimea Crimea Peninsula
- The Crimean Peninsula is located in the south of Eastern Europe and occupies a favorable economic, geographical and strategic position. From the west and south, the peninsula is washed by the Black Sea, from the east by the Kerch Strait, and from the northeast by the waters of the Azov Sea and its Sivash Bay.
- On March 16, 2014, a referendum on the status of Crimea was held. 96.77% of residents voted for reunification with Russia in the referendum in Crimea.
- On March 17, 2014, after a referendum, the Republic of Crimea was proclaimed, and on the same day the Sevastopol City Council asked the Russian authorities to include the city in the Russian Federation as new entities.
- March 18, 2014 An agreement was signed in the Georgievsky Palace of the Kremlin on the accession of the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol to the Russian Federation as new subjects.
- March 21, 2014 The Federal Constitutional Law “On the admission of the Republic of Crimea to the Russian Federation and the formation of new subjects within the Russian Federation - the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol” was ratified.
- Crimea is a land of amazing beauty that leaves no one indifferent who has visited this friendly land at least once. “A magical land, a delight!” - young Pushkin admired. Lesya Ukrainka called Crimea “the land of eternal sunshine,” and Adam Mickiewicz called it one of the most beautiful places in the world. “Crimea made such a strong impression on me... that I walked here as if in a dream,” wrote Mikhail Kotsyubinsky, who visited the South Coast more than once on business. Many poets, prose writers, artists, composers sang the beauty of ancient Taurida.
- The resort Crimea today is the health resorts of Big Yalta - a resort area stretching along the southern coast from Gurzuf to Foros, and Big Alushta, stretching from Alushta to Partenit - to the southwest and from Alushta to Privetnoye - to the northeast; Evpatoria, Feodosia and Sudak... These are hundreds of different sanatorium and resort institutions, large hotel complexes, tourist centers, children's health camps that can simultaneously accommodate more than 200 thousand people.
- Each resort area has its own characteristics. Yuzhnoberezhny (Alushta, Yalta) is famous for its healing microclimate, the resorts of the western zone - Evpatoria and Saki - for its mud. Feodosia has everything that the Caucasian resort is famous for: mineral water and healing silt mud. In addition, there is also a sea with beautiful sandy beaches.
- This is one of the best places on the planet for the treatment and recovery of children. Shallow, warm and safe Kalamita Bay, golden sandy beaches, healing mud and brine of salt lakes, thermal mineral springs, and most importantly - reasonable prices for accommodation and food.
- Hero city. The history of Sevastopol is the history of the Black Sea Fleet, battles and victories, tragic and heroic events on land and at sea. But the ancient land of the Heraclean Peninsula is also interesting for its ancient and medieval history; the local landscapes are picturesque and unique. Sevastopol is a city of modern industry, primarily shipbuilding, and a city of science.
- It stretches along the Black Sea from the city of Ayu-Dag to Cape Sarych for about 70 km. This includes the cities of Yalta and Alupka, several resort villages from Gurzuf to Foros, villages surrounded by vineyards, gardens and plantations, as well as the Yalta mountain forest reserve.
- It combines the comfort and aristocracy of the South Coast (in the west) and the freedom of the virgin resort land (in the east). The most convenient area in terms of transport, attractive for automobile, cycling, horseback riding and pedestrian tourism. The unusually clean air and the general feeling of calm well-being have always enhanced the impact of the local resort factors. Diseases of the respiratory system of a non-tuberculous nature, cardiovascular and nervous systems are treated here. In Alushta you can visit the Museum of Local Lore, the House-Museum of the writer Sergeev-Tsensky and the House-Museum of the writer I.S. Shmeleva. Near the city there is the Museum of Nature of the Crimean Reserve about all components of the nature of the Crimean Mountains, from minerals to animals. But the main thing is the museum’s dendrozoo with living plants and animals of the reserve, created in a landscape style, in natural conditions.
- In the South-Western Crimea there are interesting natural, archaeological, military-historical, cultural monuments; modern scientific, agricultural, industrial facilities follow your path in a continuous series. And each has its own “zest”: either these are original weathering figures - “sphinxes” (or simply, women), grottoes and canopies with ancient sites, or famous “cave” cities, or monuments of glorious battles and exploits, or exotic plantations essential oil crops.
- In the former Khan's palace in the center of the old city there is the famous Fountain of Tears - a place of pilgrimage for all who love poetry.
- The area is almost the same as Big Yalta or Alushta, but it is less populated, and the coastline is almost undeveloped. Sea excursions are good, especially at the foot of the Sudak fortress, past the wonderful bays of the New World or the “stone organ” - the Karadag volcano, which exploded in ancient times.
- The Sudak resort area was formed relatively recently, so there is freedom here for automobile tourism, and it’s no worse for pedestrian tourists (as well as “horse lovers” and lovers of all other active modes of transportation). A special “Cimmerian landscape”, an abundance of natural and historical monuments, fairly flavored with excellent fruits and wines.
- This also includes the village of Koktebel, famous for its cultural traditions and famous names. The Museum of Gliding, the house-museum of M. Voloshin - this, of course, is a must see. Well, try the local wines (as well as cognacs).
- In Feodosia itself, be sure to see the art gallery named after. K.I. Aivazovsky, Alexander Green's house-museum, towers of the Genoese fortress.
- A hero city that went down in the history of the Great Patriotic War with glorious and tragic events and the unparalleled courage of its defenders and liberators. In ancient times, the turbulent and dramatic history of the Bosporan kingdom took place on the shores of the Kerch Strait.
- Quite a crowded, unusually large (spreading) city. And at the same time, there are simply excellent opportunities for autotourism - sea areas are easily accessible: the Black Sea, the Kerch Strait, Azov, Sivash and a dozen healing lakes. And everywhere there is a different salinity and temperature of the water, and most importantly - its own special fish.
- Alupka Park (also known as Vorontsov Park) is a park on the territory of Alupka (Greater Yalta). A monument of landscape gardening art, founded in the first half of the 19th century under the leadership of the German gardener Karl Kebach. It forms a single ensemble with the Vorontsov Palace.
- Marble Cave is a cave in Crimea, on the lower plateau of the Chatyr-Dag mountain range, a popular tourist attraction. Visitors are greeted by huge halls with bizarre forms of sinter formations and rare types of crystals. The length of equipped excursion routes is about one and a half kilometers. The length of all explored halls is more than 2 kilometers, and the depth is 60 meters.
- The route begins with the Fairy Tales Gallery. It is richly decorated with stalactites, stalagmites and sinter draperies. The excursion path goes around the bizarre sculptures of stalagmites, reminiscent of fairy-tale characters.
- The Massandra Palace of Emperor Alexander III is located in Upper Massandra on the southern coast of Crimea. Nowadays it is a palace museum - a branch of the Alupka Palace and Park Museum-Reserve.
- These are, perhaps, all the main centers of tourism, but there is also the Black Sea resort (in ancient times - Kalos Limen, Beautiful Harbor); Perekop Isthmus with monuments to two heroic assaults of the Red Army; and in the depths of Crimea there is the White Rock (Ak-kaya) with a huge steep cliff and landscapes of chalk prairie, favored by Soviet filmmakers for Westerns. In addition to the “picture” value, Ak-kai is also an archaeological pearl: 17 sites of the Old Stone Age. Finally, it has significance in modern history; in 1783, Prince G. A. Potemkin took the oath of allegiance to the Russian Empire from the Crimean bais and murzas. In the Foothills there is Old Crimea with medieval monuments and Grinovsky places, and, of course, Simferopol. This is where acquaintance with Crimea usually begins and here they say “goodbye” to Crimea.
Slide 1
Recreational resources
Work of 11B class student Priidak Maria MBOU Secondary School 43, Khabarovsk
Slide 2
Recreational resources are resources of all types that can be used to meet the needs of the population for recreation and tourism.
Slide 3
Types of recreational resources:
Slide 4
Recreational and health resources
Recreational and health resources are used to prevent diseases or organize recreation. Mainly beach areas, national parks, nature reserves, picturesque natural landscapes, etc.
Slide 5
Turquoise Lake. Jiuzhaigou National Park, China.
NATIONAL PARKS
Slide 6
Plitvice Lakes
Plitvice Lakes is a national park in Croatia, located in the central part of the country.
Slide 7
Mexico, Islas Marietas. Beach of love.
Slide 8
Whitehaven, Queensland, Australia
Slide 9
Recreational and medicinal resources are resources used to treat diseases. The healing properties of natural objects and conditions are established on the basis of scientific research, many years of practice and are approved by the federal executive body in charge of health issues.
Slide 10
Mineral springs
Lake Proval in Pyatigorsk is a lake and natural cave on the southern slope of Mount Mashuk in Pyatigorsk. The cave is a cone-shaped funnel 41 m high, at the bottom of which there is a karst lake of pure blue mineral water. The depth of the lake is 11 m, the diameter is 15 m. The water temperature is from 26° to 42 °C. The blue color of water is given by the hydrogen sulfide contained in it and special bacteria.
Slide 11
Türkiye, Antalya district
Mineral spring in the Sheitan (Devil's) cave. The cave is located on the island of Sulu, in Adrasan Bay. The boat ride from the shore to the island takes only an hour. It is said that drinking this source of water internally on an empty stomach has a positive effect on the kidneys, especially if they have stones.
Slide 13
Geothermal source - the release of groundwater heated above 20 °C to the surface.
Since ancient times, hot springs have been used to treat the sick. The corresponding branch of medicine is called balneology.
Pamukkale - thermal springs in Turkey. Translated from Turkish as “cotton fortress”. Known since ancient times. Water flowing from the slopes of the mountain forms a cascade of oddly shaped reservoirs with limestone walls. The dazzling white terraces (travertine formations) appeared on the mountainside as a result of the deposition of salts from calcium-rich springs. In 1988, Pamukkale and the ruins of the city of Hierapolis were included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.
Slide 14
The Blue Lagoon geothermal complex, formed around a complex of natural pools, is one of Iceland's most popular natural attractions. About 300 thousand people visit the resort every year. The complex of volcanic origin has unique healing and healing properties, known since 1976. The minerals contained in the water, sea salt, sulfur and even blue-green algae can cure skin diseases. People can swim here even in winter: the water in deep reservoirs maintains a comfortable temperature from +37°C to +40°C throughout the year.
Slide 15
Mud springs
Jigokudani is a world-famous warm mud spring of volcanic origin. This place is located in northern Japan, in Nagano Prefecture and is known by its original name “Hell Valley”. Here you can meet Japanese macaques, also called snow monkeys, who while away the cold winter days by bathing in warm springs with tourists.
Slide 16
Brine is the water of estuaries, salt lakes and artificial reservoirs, which is a saturated saline solution.
Slide 17
Lake Sasyk-Sivash, Crimea. Sea salt from Lake Sasyk-Sivash has a pink color, thanks to the amazing microalgae Dunaliella saline, which has adapted to life in brine. Biochemical studies of lake water, carried out back in 1903, showed that the metabolic product of microalgae is beta-carotene.
Slide 18
Recreational and health and recreational-medicinal resources include resort towns and sanatoriums
Slide 19
Kislovodsk, Russia
The most famous patients: Pushkin, Lermontov, Tolstoy, Chaliapin The first recognition of the sources of Narzan belongs to the physician of Peter I, who mentioned a “fairly sour spring” in the Pyatigorye region, followed by another member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences - Peter-Simon Pallas - gave a detailed description of the water , accompanying it with the following remark: “It’s a pity that in Russia they manage the gifts of nature so poorly. Millions of liters of healing water are poured here, and Russians travel to Europe.” As a result, in 1803, the Decree of Emperor Alexander I “On recognizing the Caucasian waters as a healing area of national importance” was issued.
Slide 20
Spa town – Karlovy Vary, Czech Republic The most famous patients: Peter I, Bach, Beethoven, Turgenev
The town of Karlovy Vary, also known as Carlsbad, is the largest and most popular Czech resort, and has been world famous for several centuries thanks to its 13 springs. Moreover, it was Peter the Great who was the pioneer of the resort for our compatriots and introduced “water treatment” into fashion.
Slide 21
Leukerbad, Switzerland
The most famous patients: Goethe, Mark Twain, Maupassant Hot springs in the Swiss Alps were discovered by the Romans. And at the beginning of the 16th century, a magnificent guest courtyard with baths and swimming pools was built here, which, however, was sometimes demolished by avalanches. By the end of the 19th century, they learned to cope with this scourge, built a railway, ski lifts and built more than 30 indoor and outdoor thermal pools, which are filled from 65 springs in Leukerbad. By the way, this is one of the few places on earth where mineral water is cooled before entering the pool, and not vice versa.
The position of Crimea on the border of the temperate and subtropical zones, the nature of the relief, and the proximity of the sea determine the unique climatic conditions and the wealth of natural resources.
Of the total length of the sea coastline of the Crimean Peninsula (approximately 1000 km), beaches make up 517 km, including over 100 km of artificial ones. On the eastern and western coasts of Crimea, the beaches are natural and stretch in a continuous strip, and on the southern coast of Crimea there are mainly artificial beaches. The standard load on the beach is 20 cm of coastline per resident (or 5 sq. m./person). The determining factor in the use of beach resources is the water temperature and the nature of the sea waves.
Balneological and mud resources
An important component of the natural resource recreational potential of Crimea are balneological resources. Mineral medicinal waters are diverse in gas, chemical composition and temperature and are confined to three areas of distribution of mineral waters - Plain Crimea (mainly nitrogen, methane and hydrogen sulfide waters are distributed here), the folded region of Mountain Crimea (sulfate and chloride waters saturated with nitrogen, methane and hydrogen sulfide ) and the Kerch Peninsula (carbon dioxide waters in deep aquifers and hydrogen sulfide nitrogen and methane waters). On the territory of the peninsula, 120 springs and more than 30 promising areas of occurrence of mineral waters with a predicted flow rate of 151.1 thousand m3/day are known. The total flow rate of the sources is distributed unevenly across the recreational areas of Crimea: the Western region accounts for 48.2%, the Northern - 29.6%, the Northwestern - 14.8%, the Eastern - 4.3%, the Southern - 2.3%, the South -Eastern - 2.3%, Central - 0.3% (Appendix No. 3).
The annual use of mineral waters in Crimea is 2.2 million m3 (5.6% of actual reserves), and concentrated brines of salt lakes - 15 thousand cubic meters. m. In resort practice, the most widely used are:
1. waters of the Saki region, incl. “Crimean Mineral” (weakly alkaline hydrocarbonate-chloride-sodium water); used as bottled table water;
2. waters of Evpatoria (thermal sodium chloride, sulfide and iodine-bromine); indications - treatment of diseases of the peripheral nervous system, skin and gynecological;
3. waters of Feodosia, incl. mineral waters “Feodosiyskaya” and “Aivazovskaya” (sulfate-chloride-sodium and hydrocarbonate-sulfate-chloride calcium-sodium-magnesium water); indications - treatment of chronic gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, chronic diseases of the liver and gall bladder, kidneys, mild forms of diabetes mellitus and gout;
4. spring “Adzhi-Su” of the Bakhchisarai region (hydrogen-methane nitrogen, weakly radioactive water, contains iodine, bromine, lithium, iron, manganese, strontium and other elements); indications: treatment of rheumatism, diseases of the nervous system and joints.
The reserves of medicinal mud in Crimea are estimated at 24 million cubic meters. m. More than 30 mud deposits belong to five groups of salt lakes - Evpatoria, Tarkhankutskaya, Kerch, Perekopskaya and Chongaro-Arabatskaya (Prisivashsky district), but the first three are of recreational importance.
The unique mud resources of Lake Saki are the basis for the functioning of the resort's health resorts and ensure its international specialization. The reservoir is separated from the sea by a 2.5 km long and 500 m wide embankment and includes 7 isolated pools separated by cofferdams, performing various functions during the exploitation of the medicinal mud deposit.
Geomorphological resources
The relief of Crimea provides opportunities for the development of various types of sports, educational, fishing and other types of tourism. The most popular areas to visit are the areas of the Main and Inner Cuesta ridges of the Crimean Mountains. The Main Ridge is characterized by absolute heights of 500-800 m (with max - 1545 m, min - 0.4 m), density of erosional dissection - 2.6-4.2 km/sq. km. with a depth of vertical dissection - 35-500 m, average slope angles - 8-220. For the Inner Ridge, similar parameters are equal: prevailing heights - 280-500 m (max - 800; min - 20), density - 2.4-3.7 km/sq. km, slope angles - 4-160. It is the listed parameters that largely meet the requirements of mountain hiking tourism of categories I and II of complexity. Many amateur tourist groups are now celebrated on the plateau of Chatyr-Dag, Demerdzhi, Karabi-yayla, Ai-Petrinskaya yayla, etc. Sports-tourist and sports-training routes can cover five large areas of the Mountain-Piedmont Crimea with linear and radial visits to more than 60 natural objects (Appendix No. 4).
Among geomorphological recreational resources in Crimea, a prominent place belongs to rock climbing objects, which are promising in the context of achieving inter-regional and international specialization in the Crimean Mountains. More than 30 peaks are and can be used as basic objects for training, climbing and sporting competitions. The greatest value in terms of the height of the rock outcrops and the technical complexity of the climb are: the cliffs of the South Coast (Paragilmen, Nikitskie, Alim, Krasny Kamen, Ai-Nikola, Khagiani); rocks of the South-Western Crimea (cape Aya, cape Sarych, Ilyas-Kaya, Khush-Kaya, Parus, Mshatka-Kayasy); rocks of the South-Eastern Crimea (South and Northern Demerdzhi, Tyrke, Sokol, Kok-Tash, Karabi rocks, Karaul-Oba, Orel); rocks of Central Crimea (Syuryukaya, Staroselskaya, Storozhevoy cliff, rocks of the Zmeinaya Balka tract, Angara-Burun).
The development of karst formation processes in Crimea determines the significant potential of caving tourism. Within the peninsula, there are two karst regions - Mountain Crimean and Plain Crimean and nine karst regions with a total area of karst territories of 21,260 sq. km. (84% of the territory of Crimea).
For the development of educational recreation, 60 caves of Crimea can be recommended; almost all caves of the Crimean Mountains are promising for sports speleotourism, but only 120 caves have different (from 1 to 4) categories of complexity and 43 caves have increased complexity. 103 caves on the peninsula have environmental significance, but the official list of caves and natural monuments includes 3 times fewer objects. In the Plain Crimea there are few caves of natural origin; artificial cavities have a certain educational and excursion potential (for example, the Adzhimushkai quarries near Kerch).
The relief of the Crimean Mountains is suitable for organizing ski tourism, but the factor limiting its development is the instability of the snow cover. In this regard, the possibilities of creating ski resorts of inter-district and international significance are limited; lands with relatively favorable conditions for skiing are concentrated in the Alushta region (Angarsk Pass) and on the Aypetrinsky massif. With sufficient investment in engineering training and the creation of tourist infrastructure, these territories will be able to provide short-term recreation for residents of Simferopol, Bolshoi Yalta and Bolshoi Alushta, as well as contribute to the expansion of the species diversity of activities of year-round recreationists.
Relief resources, in addition to the “classical” mountain types of tourism, can provide many alternative types of active tourism. The mountain ranges near Alushta, Yalta, and Sevastopol have an extensive network of roads and forest trails that can be used for organizing auto and motorcycle tourism. Particularly promising are Chatyr-Dag, Demerdzhi, and the old Romanov road near the Seraus rock. The terrain allows for a wide selection of trails of varying difficulty for cycling tourism, incl. downhill trails, and long traverses running along mountain slopes.
Water resources
The waters of the Black and Azov Seas are traditionally used for organizing swimming and beach activities; in the coastal zone there are also prerequisites for expanding the grounds for water sports and water entertainment activities. Almost along the entire coast there are conditions for the development of sailing, but the best areas for creating marinas are located in Sevastopol and Balaklava.
The highly rugged coastal topography, the richness and diversity of underwater landscapes, the abundance of archaeological finds dating back to different historical periods, and the presence of numerous wreck objects represent a diving resource. Most potential:
1. the waters of the South-Western Crimea from Cape Lukull to Cape Sarych (elements of fortifications and fragments of antique pottery near Chersonesus, the site of the death of the English frigate (1854), the Soviet Il-16 aircraft (1944), the downed German the Airacobra aircraft (1942), the Doob minelayer (1942), the cargo ship that sank in Batiliman in 1932, underwater rocks and canyons, the underwater museum in Balaklava);
2. water areas of the South Coast (caves and small grottoes of the Swallow's Nest and Cape Ayu-Dag, the originality of the Black Sea flora and fauna in protected water areas near Cape Martyan, a cluster of ancient anchors at the bottom of the Gurzuf Bay, the remains of the ships "Rostov" (near Foros), " Alexander I" and the sunken Willys jeep);
3. waters of the South-Eastern Crimea (underwater landscapes of the New World, Karadag, Kiik-Atlamy and Cape Meganom; many sunken ships - a torpedo boat, torpedo boats, Soviet minesweepers T-402 "Minrep", "Tender No. 42" and the transport "Zhan" -Zhores", German minesweeper "R-35", Romanian barges);
4. water areas of the Tarkhankut Peninsula (underwater landscapes of the Atlesh tract, sunken German transport and combat ships, including “Santa-Fe”, “UJ-102”, Bulgarian transport “Varna”, Russian steamer “Tsarevich Alexey”, Alley of Leaders ).
The development of international cruise tourism in Crimea has prospects provided that the technical modernization of the port facilities of Sevastopol, Yalta and Feodosia, and, in particular, solving the problem of deepening berth fronts to receive ships with a draft of more than 8 m. Reconstruction of a small port fleet in many coastal cities and towns will create new opportunities for the development of domestic cruise tourism and coastal recreation.
In Crimea, the recreational potential of fresh water bodies is poorly used. Due to their low water content, Crimean rivers are used exclusively for natural educational purposes. The picturesque waterfalls of Uchan-Su (Uchan-Su river, height 98.5 m), Jur-Jur (Ulu-Uzen river, height 17 m), Golovkinsky (Uzen-Bash river, height 12 m) are especially popular among tourists. , the capacity of each facility is up to 30 thousand people. in year.
Large fishing sites are lakes Donuzlav, Sasyk, and a pond near the village. Uvarovka of the Leninsky district, Mezhgornoye, Taiganskoye, Frontovoye and other reservoirs, the North Crimean Canal. The area of fish ponds is 8 thousand hectares.
Water parks have become a new type of natural-anthropogenic water resources. The Blue Bay water parks (Simeiz) are already operating; "Water World".
Forest resources
Crimean forests, along with water and soil protection functions, perform recreational and aesthetic functions and act as sites for the development of sports tourism, nature-educational and ecological tourism, fishing and health-improving recreation.
The use of forest resources in the recreational sector is determined by the degree of forest cover of the territory, transport accessibility, economic development, status of forest lands and other factors. According to the State Forestry Committee of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, the area of the forest fund in Crimea is 341.4 thousand hectares, incl. forested - 278.5 thousand hectares; average forest cover - 10.7%.
Recreational activity is most intense in the forestry enterprises of the foothills of Crimea - Simferopol, Belogorsk, Kuibyshev and Bakhchisarai (53.2% of the total area of forestry enterprises), which is associated with good transport and pedestrian accessibility and proximity to large urban settlement systems. Peak visits occur in May and September; During the summer season, access to forests is limited due to the high fire danger.
Excursion routes often include individual trees, the attractiveness of which is associated with uniqueness, endemism, age, size, historical events, life and activities of famous people (for example, an oak tree in the Children's Park of Simferopol, which is associated with the name of A.S. Pushkin, a unique a specimen of a 1000-year-old berry yew on the Pushkin cypress alley of the Karasan park).
In the steppe zone of Crimea, forest belts are an important recreational resource. Their area over 50 years has increased from 7.7 thousand hectares to 40 thousand hectares. Examples of artificial forest resources are forest parks. The largest forest park in the steppe Crimea stretches along the Kazantip Bay for 18 km, its area is more than 2.7 thousand hectares.
The commercial potential of the Crimean forests is great. The local population and tourists collect medicinal plants (about 600 species), berries, nuts, and mushrooms. A factor hindering recreational, recreational, sports, tourist and fishing activities in the mountain-forest zone of Crimea is the closed regime of many forest areas and the widespread spread of ticks - a carrier of encephalitis.
Animal resources
Faunal resources (resources of the animal world) provide commercial tourism. Hunting resources are represented by 25 species of mammals and 56 species of birds, of which the most important for sport and amateur hunting are deer, roe deer, wild boar, brown hare, fox, pheasant and gray partridge.
The total area of hunting grounds is 2018.6 thousand hectares, distributed between 9 farms of the Republican Committee for Forestry and Hunting of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, 18 organizations of the Crimean Republican Society of Hunters and Fishermen, 2 military partnerships and 11 hunting clubs.
The numerical composition and species diversity of hunting resources in different regions of Crimea are heterogeneous and are determined both by natural and geographical factors, as well as by the dynamics of the ecological situation and the intensity of fishing. The lands of the mountain-forest zone of the peninsula are characterized by the highest productivity; the Sivash region is rich in game birds.
The stock of fishery reservoirs of Crimea includes the Black Sea and Azov coasts (843.8 and 192 km), 21 rivers (length - 1163 km), 15 lakes (area - 25,785 hectares), 24 reservoirs (4,700 hectares). The objects of amateur fishing are about 20 species of fish, of which the main catches are Azov and Black Sea anchovy, Azov sprat, horse mackerel, sawn gas, gobies, crucian carp, and brook trout. Due to a reduction in the volume of artificial fish farming, an increase in poaching and water pollution, fishing conditions for many fish species have worsened.