Plague island in venice history. Shutter Island. Little-known facts about the Earth's atmosphere that are not taught in school
Car tuning - refinement (in order to improve consumer qualities) of cars, both by the manufacturer and by third-party companies and individuals.
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Little-known facts about the Earth's atmosphere that are not taught in school
The atmosphere is one of the most important components of our planet.
It is she who "shelters" people from the harsh conditions of outer space, such as solar radiation and space debris. However, many facts about the atmosphere are unknown to most people.
1. The true color of the sky
The true color of the sky is purple.
Although it's hard to believe, the sky is actually purple. When light enters the atmosphere, air and water particles absorb the light, scattering it. At the same time, violet color is scattered most of all, which is why people see the blue sky.
2. An exclusive element in the Earth's atmosphere
Free oxygen is one of the elements of the earth's atmosphere.
As many remember from school, the Earth's atmosphere consists of approximately 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and small impurities of argon, carbon dioxide and other gases. But few people know that our atmosphere is the only one on this moment discovered by scientists (in addition to comet 67P), which has free oxygen. Because oxygen is very reactive...
12 personality archetypes
©themindsjournal
The term "archetype" originates from the ancient Greek language. The root archein means "original or old".
Psychologist Carl Gustav Jung used the concept of the archetype in his theory of the human psyche. He believed that universal, mythical characters - archetypes - are in the collective unconscious of people around the world. Archetypes represent the basic human motives for our experience as we evolved. Hence, they evoke deep emotions.
While there are many different archetypes, Jung identified twelve basic types that symbolize basic human motivations. Each type has its own set of values, meanings and personality traits. In addition, the twelve types are divided into three groups, namely: "Ego", "Soul" and "I".
Ego Types
1. Innocent
Motto: Free to be yourself
Basic desire: to go to heaven
Goal: to be happy
Greatest Fear: Being punished for doing something bad
Strategy: do it right
Weakness: bored with their naive innocence
The mystery of the ghostly island off the Italian coast is indeed one of the most terrible. Poveglia is near Venice, Italy, and its dark shores are littered with smooth human bones. It must be so scary there that no tourist has ever dared to set foot on the island.
When the plague struck Italy in 1576, thousands of corpses filled Venice and there was a terrible stench.
The rotting corpses had to be stored somewhere, and drastic measures had to be taken.
The dead were taken to the island, and thrown into large pits, or burned in huge fires. But when the plague began to rage even more, people panicked, and those who showed signs of the Black Death were dragged out of their houses with screams.
These living victims, including children and infants, were taken to the island of Poveglia and thrown into pits of rotting corpses, where they died in agony.
The entire island is still covered in a layer of ash from the remains of charred bodies. Soon locals began to see strange things and hear strange sounds coming from the ghostly island.
Despite the notoriety, in 1922, a psychiatric hospital was built on the island. Patients immediately reported seeing ghosts with signs of rotting from the plague and hearing strange whispers echoing off the walls. But no one believed them because they were already seen as crazy and insane.
The hospital was run by a strange doctor who was interested in doing experiments on his living patients in an attempt to figure out what caused the insanity. His methods were crude, to say the least. Lobotomy was performed using a hand drill or hammer and chisel. Crazy patients were taken to the tower of the hospital, where they were subjected to terrible torment.
After several years of doing these horrific experiments, the doctor himself began to see ghosts afflicted by the plague. It is said that the ghosts rose from their graves, seized the doctor, and dragged him to the top of the bell tower. There they tortured him and forced him to throw himself off, and the doctor fell to his death.
As he lay on the ground, writhing in agony, breathing his last breath, a mist swirled around him, entered his body, and suffocated him. Rumor has it that the mentally ill, immured his body in the bell tower. There his spirit remained, wandering around the empty tower, to this day, and on quiet nights you can still hear the awesome sound of bells resounding over the bay.
A quarantine station, a common grave for victims of the plague, and more recently, by historical standards, a shelter for the insane - the tiny island of Poveglia, hidden from view in the Venetian lagoon, has managed to acquire many hard-hitting legends over the course of its long existence. But today it stands empty: a dismal collection of dilapidated and dilapidated buildings, eaten by nature, slowly fading into oblivion, along with their secrets, just two miles from the luxurious palaces of the Grand Canal.
Terrible legends about the island of Poveglia appear like weeds and are accepted by everyone on faith as a true story. They say that Poveglia was twice the last refuge for thousands of patients during the black plague epidemics, that its soil is 50% of the ashes of burned corpses, that local fishermen bypass the island, afraid to find in their nets a catch of human bones polished by waves, which in In the 20s of the last century, horrific experiments were carried out on mentally ill people here, that the head physician of the psychiatric hospital eventually went crazy from his deeds and committed suicide by jumping from the island bell tower, and a completely mystical version suggests that Poveglia is densely populated the spirits of tortured victims. During the entire existence of the island as a place of exile, it is estimated that about 160,000 people died on it.
The island has many nicknames: "gates of hell", "garbage dump of pure fear", "habitat of lost souls". The Venetians are doing everything possible to refute the terrible rumors about Poveglia and cool down the interest in the island on the part of lovers of the mystical. They claim that they are not at all afraid of this place, and in discussions of its history they bypass the topics of a psychiatric hospital and plague epidemics. Not so long ago, an article in one of the popular Venetian magazines says that the hospital buildings that dominate the territory are nothing more than former rest homes for the elderly.
But as long as the island remains inaccessible to tourists and its mysterious buildings slowly destroy the hard facts, rumors will spread like the wind.
Guide to the island of Poveglia
The first thing you will see when approaching Poveglia is the bell tower. It is the most visible and one of the oldest structures on the island, apart from the ruins of a 12th century church abandoned and destroyed hundreds of years ago. In the 18th century, the tower turned from a bell tower into a lighthouse, and now it is used only as a guide. It was from her, according to legend, that the mad doctor mentioned above rushed.
Following further, you will see a strange octagonal defensive structure erected directly near the island - this is the so-called "crystal or octagon". According to official history, it was built in the 14th century to repel Genoese attacks by the Venetians (there is no other way to repel those attacks, that's for sure!)
Passing one of the sides of the octagon, you find yourself in a narrow strait, above which, lost in a dense undergrowth of trees and bushes, rises the main building of the former psychiatric hospital. Of course, according to the Venetian authorities, the building could have been used for other purposes, but its gloomy appearance does not in any way be conducive to ideas about a rest home for the elderly. However, in one historical documentary book it is said that in last years it was used as a homeless shelter.
The house was abandoned in 1968, since then the island of Poveglia has been empty. Twenty years ago, in order to prevent complete destruction, the construction team hastily erected scaffolding, and left them like that, which adds even more expressiveness to the already gloomy look. By the way, look at the photo below, if the fishermen are so afraid of this place, then who puts the nets here, evenly spread along the concrete wall?
The Poveglia island performed the function of a shelter for the poor and disadvantaged only in recent years. The first and main purpose of its existence is a quarantine station for sea travelers, one of three in the Venetian lagoon. Lazzaretto Vecchio, the first of its kind, opened in 1403, is just around the corner from Poveglia.
The emergence of Lazzaretto (infirmaries) was due to urgent need. Plague and other diseases rampant in medieval Europe, especially in large shopping malls, which was Venice, presented a huge problem. And although in those days no one knew about germs and infectious diseases, people knew that the isolation of infected travelers and the sick could either prevent or reduce the severity of the epidemic.
According to Venetian law, travelers had to endure a forty-day quarantine in one of the Lazzaretto before continuing their journey and disembarking in the city. But this did not necessarily mean that a person would become infected and remain on Povella to wait for his death. Rather, the opposite is true. Their stay was more like a forced isolation: boring, although not always unpleasant. Most travelers were accommodated in separate rooms, ate well and often drank.
But during the outbreaks of the black plague, one of which covered Europe in the 16th century, Poveglia really turned into hell. Everyone who had already become infected was exiled to the island, whether it was a commoner or a member of the nobility. It also happened when not only the sick, but also all healthy family members were sent to a terrible exile. Thanks to such emergency measures, the death toll in Venice amounted to only a third of the population, while mainland Italy lost two-thirds.
At the height of the epidemic, the dying in large numbers were piled into common grave pits and burned. Undoubtedly, those are present on the island of Poveglia, although no one undertook to establish their location. Local historians believe that the part of the island reserved for growing crops was just used for such purposes, and the soil there consists of 50% of the ashes of burned corpses.
Here are the finds discovered by builders digging foundations on the neighboring island of Lazzaretto Vecchio...
But let's get back to the horror stories about the lunatic asylum built in 1922 and its inhabitants. At least some of the buildings were indeed set aside for a hospital, as evidenced by the following inscription and window bars, almost completely absorbed by ivy and shrubs.
A vague feeling of a hospital presence is added by the interior decoration of the room: dull, peeling paint, bunk beds and cornices torn from the walls. Complementing the picture is a small chapel with moldy walls and broken benches, located in the same place.
The boundaries between the inner and outer spaces have been practically erased by time: the ceiling beams have collapsed, the ceiling and window openings have been covered with a dense wall of vines.
The floor of one of the rooms is one and a half centimeters covered with a dense carpet of book pages. Strange…
In addition to the living quarters, Poveglia was also home to a hospital facility, as evidenced by domestic facilities such as an industrial kitchen and a laundry room.
A little further away, behind the hospital walls, there are several houses, probably for staff accommodation. It may very well be that one of them just belonged to the "crazy" doctor.
This staircase is located in a building filled with some kind of sinister and frightening industrial equipment, the purpose of which is difficult to explain. It leads to the roof, where an incredibly beautiful view of the bay opens through the windows of small observation towers.
A small island between Venice and the Lido, Poveglia is one of the most famous and darkest in northern Italy. It is full of terrible events and shrouded in the most incredible, mystical rumors.
However, the mystery of the ghostly island of the Venetian lagoon is really creepy. It all started in those days when the ruthless "black death" walked around the country, devastating settlement after settlement. Then Poveglia became a kind of quarantine zone, where the plague patients were exiled.
It is said that during that period about 160,000 people were buried on the island, and many of the souls of the dead, turning into ghosts, are still wandering around the gloomy island.
In addition, the gloomy reputation of Poveglia is supported by a psychiatric clinic that opened here later, in 1922. Her patients assured that they saw the souls of the dead, whose bodies were mutilated by the plague, heard whispers and strange echoes. But who will believe the crazy?
At the same time, the doctor who treated the patients of the clinic actually conducted experiments on them, tortured them and doomed them to terrible torments. However, the fate of the local psychiatrist ended no less tragically than the fate of his wards. When they tried to arrest him, he jumped out of the belfry window.
Since then, the island has remained abandoned for about half a century, even the fishermen tried to swim around it. But in 2014, Povella caught the attention of Italian businessman Luigi Brugnaro, who even purchased it. The Italian decided that the creepy island is a great investment, and now he expects to develop it in order to subsequently attract tourists.
Meanwhile, the notoriety of the Italian island continues to persist. According to paranormal researchers, Pavella is one of the most terrible places on the planet. For a long time, none of the people who visited here could hold out on the ill-fated piece of land for more than a day.
Venice is a city on one hundred and twenty-two islands, the quarters of which are separated not by avenues and streets, but by graceful canals, and are connected to each other by amazing bridges. This is a city-monument, a city-legend, a city-fairy tale. However, among this magical paradise there is a truly diabolical place - the island of Poveglia.
The island of Poveglia began to be actively settled in the ninth century and flourished for more than six centuries. However, at the end of the sixteenth century, bubonic plague swept Italy. And when so many fetid corpses accumulated on the streets of Venice that they did not know where to put them, it was decided to take them to the island of Poveglia. And soon they began to send not only corpses, but also living people - infected with the plague.
On the island, they were burned on huge bonfires along with their corpses, or simply left to die in agony. In total, almost two hundred thousand people were killed - restless souls, who later turned the island of Poveglia into a real nightmare. It is no coincidence that at the end of the seventeenth century, when the descendants of the inhabitants of the island were offered to restore the lost settlement, they flatly refused to do so...
Island for the mentally ill
Poveglia remained a deserted island almost until 1922, although some attempts were made to revive life on it, say, in the form of a checkpoint for ships. But unsuccessfully. And only in the twentieth century, on the orders of Mussolini, a hospital for the mentally ill was created here.
Patients, among whom were people who were simply objectionable to the fascist regime, said that they heard crying, groans, saw the shadows of the dead. Sometimes there were crowds of ghosts in the fire of fires ... But few people believed in the stories of the mentally ill, especially since they were not even considered people here. For example, the head physician of the hospital performed sadistic experiments on them and terrible operations without anesthesia.
True, soon the hospital staff began to notice the devilish things happening on the island, and the head physician dies a few years later under strange circumstances. After that, for some reason, they don’t bury him, but wall him up in the wall of the bell tower from which he fell - either by himself, or by the patients who hated him, or by the ghosts of the people he tortured. Since then, a terrible bell alarm has been heard on the tower at night, although there has not been any bell here for a long time.
The psychiatric hospital interspersed with the agricultural artel lasted on the island until 1968, after which this damned place is again abandoned. Since then, the island of Poveglia has attracted the attention of only thrill-seekers and ghost hunters who make their way here at night, despite any prohibitions from the city authorities.
Isle of True Evil
It seems that a lot of daredevils swam to the island, but only few of them could then boast of their bravado. The island, as it turns out, changes the consciousness of a person dramatically. Here is how, for example, one of the group of Americans describes his visit to Poveglia.
“Night, pitch darkness, the closer to the island, the worse and worse it becomes. Everyone is silent. And suddenly an exclamation: cellular does not work, oh, damn it! As it turned out, mobile phones do not work for everyone, and not that there is no connection, gadgets just went out - and that's it. It's like they all broke down at once. True, this did not particularly surprise anyone, since each of us felt at that moment that we had passed through a certain energy barrier, after which something beyond began.
The driver moored the cutter and remained in it, categorically refusing to leave his place with a searchlight on the bow of the boat. We jumped onto the beach. It was very dark, and this darkness seemed sticky and dense, even the moon and the searchlight of the boat did not penetrate it. At the same time, the island was absolutely dead - no animals rustling in the grass, no birds, not even insects. And only the feeling that something sinister surrounds us, and someone is constantly looking at the back of your head.
We tried to enter the buildings, but the doors and windows were closed. And then ... there was a heart-rending cry, like a knife in the heart. We rushed to the boat in horror, feeling as if we were inside this unbearable scream. The motor, as luck would have it, would not start, which completely finished us off, everyone was on the verge of insanity. But when the engine, as if taking pity on us, nevertheless started up, and we set sail from the island, the alarm bell rang. And this shocked us even more, because we knew perfectly well that there was no bell there.
When we crossed that terrible energy barrier, the mobile phones “woke up”, it became calmer in the heart. However, something dark remained in the soul forever. Strange things began to happen to all the participants of this night adventure: someone was tormented by nightmares, someone constantly felt that he was being followed, some heard the sound of falling drops everywhere ... Personally, I think that this is not a haunted island, as some advertise it , this is the place of true evil…”
Will the island of Poveglia ever revive?
In 2014, the Italian authorities decided to once again sell the island, or at least rent it out. And this time, despite the protests of the Italians, Poveglia was offered even to foreign citizens. The case ended with the fact that during the auction the island was purchased for a period of ninety-nine years by the Italian Luigi Brugnaro, who decided to make this place a popular tourist attraction by turning the building of the former mental hospital into a luxury hotel.
Two years have passed. Of course, the crisis that broke out in Western Europe prevented some of the grandiose plans of the Italian businessman, but is it only a crisis? Will the island of Poveglia ever come back to life? The inhabitants of Venice itself doubt this very much, especially those of them who have ever visited this accursed place ...
When the Hawaiian Islands became a US state, it was customary for the local government building, the Capitol, to allow residents to erect a monument to two of their most significant figures. The first was the national hero, King Kamehameha. The second monument was erected in honor of the Catholic priest Damian de Wester.
Born into a wealthy Flemish merchant family in a Belgian countryside, Damian became a monk and was soon sent to Hawaii as a missionary. In the middle of the 19th century, the picturesque volcanic archipelago was far from the modern image of a tourist paradise. Infectious diseases raged on the islands, the terminally ill referred to remote islands, where they eked out a miserable existence without housing, hospitals, churches and an established life. Especially strong was the epidemic of leprosy, an infectious disease known since biblical times.
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Moved by compassion for the perishing, Damian arrived on one of the islands where leprosy patients were exiled, and began building infrastructure - roads, warehouses, piers, hospitals. About a thousand colonists got the opportunity to live with dignity and depart to another world - under the leadership of de Vester, the church of St. Philomena was erected and four “brotherhoods” were organized (modern Christians would call it “ministries”). The "Funeral Brotherhood" helped with the funeral of the dead sick, the "Brotherhood of Holy Childhood" took care of street children, the "Brotherhood of Saint Joseph" treated the sick at home, and the "Brotherhood of the Madonna" brought up the girls in the instruction of the Lord.
After 12 years in the leprosarium, Damian himself fell ill with leprosy, which, however, did not prevent him from continuing his active pastoral and social activities. A few years later, covered from head to toe with leprosy, weakened de Wester was transported to a hospital in Honolulu. Before his death, he was visited by members of the Hawaiian royal family and other famous people, admiring his dedication to works of mercy. The work of the priest was continued, and the disease eventually subsided. Not least thanks to the example of Damian, who inspired many of his followers.
With his life, Damian de Wester in many respects repeated the path of Christ, followed in His footsteps. After all, the Son of God also left the Father's house, eternal bliss, in order to descend to us, sick with the leprosy of sin, to give Himself as a sacrifice and die so that we might live. By His stripes we are healed. This means that when the Bible speaks of Christ as the Way, it is not just a plan or route. This is a daily life of likeness to the Savior in His mercy, compassion, sacrifice, selflessness. Perhaps few of us are destined to be sent to the terminally ill (though who knows?), but we are all called to have the same feelings that He had. To all neighbors, no matter how unclean and sinful they may seem to someone.