Records marked with the atrocities of the Ukrainian fascists. Atrocities of Russian fascists in Donbas This is a scan of the pages of a Polish book.

On September 12, 1939, at a meeting on Hitler’s train, the head of military intelligence and counterintelligence, Canaris, was given the task: “... to prepare Ukrainian organizations working with you and having the same goals, namely, the destruction of Poles and Jews.” Under the "Ukrainian organizations" meant the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN). No sooner said than done. Two months later, 400 Ukrainian nationalists began training in the Abwehr camps in Zakopane, Komarna, Kirchendorf and Gakeshtein. In 1941, these thugs will become the core of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA), which, according to the Act of Proclamation of Ukrainian Statehood of June 30, 1941, “will enter the war on the side of Germany and will wage it together with the German army for as long as it won't win."

On the day of the adoption of the Act of Proclamation, the Ukrainian battalion “Nachtigal”, which broke into Lvov together with the German advanced units, under the command of Roman Shukhevych, shot more than three thousand Poles from Lvov, including 70 world-famous scientists. And during the week he brutally killed about seven thousand more Jews, Russians and Ukrainians.

• Banderlogs chose as their idol the dwarf-sadist Stepan BANDERA, who, due to rickets suffered in childhood, grew by only 1 m 57 cm. His classmates recalled how he caught and strangled cats to temper his character. Photo by Oscar Jansons/Komsomolskaya Pravda

While Lvov was being cleared of corpses, Metropolitan Andrei Sheptytsky held a service in the courtyard of the Svyatoyursky Cathedral in honor of "the invincible German army and its chief leader, Adolf Hitler." With the blessing of the head of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, the mass destruction of civilians in Ukraine by Bandera, Nakhtigalev, Upovtsy and warriors of the SS division "Galicia" began. The nationalists got down to business so vehemently that already on July 5, 1941, Hitler, shocked by the report of their atrocities, ordered Himmler to "clean up this gang." In the end, the Germans simply dispersed the leaders of the OUN, and Stepan Bandera was sent to rest for a couple of years in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp, however, in a cozy block for privileged prisoners. They released him only in the middle of the war, when the Red Army went on the offensive. And then the UPA, left without German control, showed itself in full force. Thousands of Ukrainians died a terrible, martyr's death every day. The nationalists seem to have broken the chain. Each murder they turned into a sophisticated torture, as if competing with each other in their brutality. Later, when the NKVD investigation teams were investigating the crimes of Bandera, they compiled a list of the 135 most frequently used OUN-UPA fighters to torture the civilian population: nail into the skull.* Punching with a sharpened thick wire through and through from ear to ear.* Crushing of the head, putting it in a vise and tightening the screw.

• Having occupied Lvov in the summer of 1941, Bandera massacred Poles and Jews. Women were raped before being shot and led naked through the streets

* Sawing the torso in half with a carpenter's saw. * Cutting the abdomen of a woman with a long-term pregnancy and inserting instead of the removed fetus, for example, a live cat and sewing up the abdomen. * Cutting the abdomen and pouring boiling water inside. * Tearing out the veins from the groin to the feet. entrails. * Inserting a glass bottle into the anus and breaking it. * Cutting the abdomen and pouring inside the food, the so-called feed flour, for hungry pigs, which pulled out this food along with the intestines and other entrails. * Nailing the tongue of a small child to the table with a knife, which later hung on it. * Hanging on a tree with legs up and singeing the head from below with the fire of a fire lit under the head. * Driving oak stakes between the ribs. * Nailing hands to the threshold of the dwelling. And then even worse ...

For some reason, they forgot in Russia ...

Chopped to pieces with axes

The testimonies about the atrocities of the militants of the Ukrainian rebel army were published in full, but for some reason not in Russia and Ukraine, but in Poland. They believe that their crimes have no statute of limitations and are surprised that the "bloody Stalinist regime" allowed thousands of former policemen to live quietly until retirement and receive benefits from the current government of Ukraine on an equal basis with the participants in the war, the liberators of their land from the Nazis.

* Two teenagers, the Gorshkevich brothers, who tried to call for help from the partisans, had their stomachs cut, their legs and arms cut off, the wounds were abundantly covered with salt, leaving them to die in the field. which was nailed to the boards of the table with a bayonet. The monsters put a half-eaten sauerkraut in his mouth. * The Upovtsy muzzled the two-month-old baby Iosif Fili, tore him by the legs, and put the parts of the calf on the table. * In the summer of 1944, a hundred "Igor" stumbled in the Paridub forest on a camp of gypsies who had fled from the persecution of the Nazis. The bandits robbed them and brutally killed them. They cut them with saws, strangled them with strangleholds, chopped them into pieces with axes. In total, 140 gypsies were killed, including 67 children.

* From the village of Volkovya one night, Bandera brought a whole family into the forest. For a long time they mocked the unfortunate people. Seeing that the wife of the head of the family was pregnant, they cut open her stomach, pulled the fetus out of it, and instead pushed in a live rabbit.

• ... and in Poland the victims of Ukrainian nationalists are remembered very well

At night, from the village of Khmyzovo, a village girl of seventeen years old, or even younger, was brought to the forest. Her fault was that she, along with other rural girls, went to dances when a military unit of the Red Army was stationed in the village. "Kubik" saw the girl and asked "Varnak" for permission to personally interrogate her. He demanded that she confess that she was "walking" with the soldiers. The girl swore that it was not. “And I’ll check it out now,” “Cube” grinned, sharpening a pine stick with a knife. In a moment, he jumped up to the prisoner and with the sharp end of the stick began to poke her between her legs until he drove a pine stake into the girl’s genitals. * Bandera came to our yard, grabbed our father and cut off his head with an ax, our sister was pierced with a stake. Mom, seeing this, died of a heart attack.* My brother's wife was Ukrainian. Because she married a Pole, 18 Bandera raped her. Waking up, she went and drowned herself in the Dniester.* Before the execution, the nationalists accused the teacher Raisa Borzilo of promoting the Soviet system at school. The Bandera people gouged out her eyes alive, cut off her tongue, then put a wire loop around her neck and dragged her into the field. In the alley, they "decorated" the trunk of each tree with the corpse of a child who had been killed before. The corpses were nailed to the trees in such a way that the appearance of a “wreath” was created. * We witnessed how the OUN people completely slaughtered entire hospitals of the Red Army, which at first they left in the rear without guards. They carved stars on the body of the wounded, cut off their ears, tongues, genitals.

• With the criminal connivance of Russian diplomacy, the official authorities in Ukraine in recent years, starting with the presidency of Viktor Yushchenko, sang the exploits of the Nazis, so is it any wonder their coming to power

Got a living heart

“We had five parents, we were all inveterate Bandera. During the day we slept in the huts, and at night we walked and drove around the villages. We were given tasks to strangle those who sheltered Russian prisoners and the prisoners themselves. Men were engaged in this, and we, women, sorted out clothes, took away cows and pigs from dead people, slaughtered cattle, processed everything, stewed it and put it in barrels. Once, in one night, 84 people were strangled in the village of Romanov. They strangled older people and old people, and small children by the legs - once, hit their heads against the door, and that's it. We felt sorry for our men, that they suffered hard during the night, but they would sleep off during the day and the next night - to another village .... In Novoselki, Rivne region, there was one Komsomol member Motria. We took her to Verkhovka to the old Zhabsky and let's get a living heart. Old Salivon held a watch in one hand, and a heart in the other, to check how long the heart would beat in his hand .... A Jewish woman was walking with a child, ran away from the ghetto, they stopped her, beat her up and buried her in the forest. We were given an order: Jews, Poles, Russian prisoners and those who hide them, to strangle everyone without mercy. They strangled the Severin family, and the daughter was married in another village. She arrived, but there were no parents, she began to cry and let's dig things out. Bandera came, took away the clothes, and closed the daughter alive in the same box and buried it. And her two small children remained at home. And if the children came with their mother, then they would be in that box ... "From the diary of Nadezhda VDOVICHENKO Bandera

Heroes of Babi Yar Like today, once the Bandera people were already the masters of Kyiv. They entered the city on September 23, 1941, and on September 28 they shot 350,000 Kyivans in Babi Yar, including 50,000 children! Among the 1,500 punishers at Babi Yar, there were 1,200 policemen from the OUN and only 300 Germans! In general, 5 million 300 thousand civilians died at the hands of the Nazis in Ukraine. But out of this number, Bandera brutally tortured: 850 thousand Jews, 220 thousand Poles, 500 thousand Ukrainians, 450 thousand Soviet prisoners of war and about five thousand of their own “insufficiently active and nationally conscious” members of the UPA.

The Savior of the Nation It is a paradox, but it was Stalin who turned out to be the man who civilly resolved the national question in Western Ukraine. Without cutting off heads and disemboweling children, by exchanging populations. The new communist government, established in liberated Poland, did not allow full-scale actions of revenge on the Ukrainians. On July 6, 1945, an agreement "On the exchange of population" was concluded between the USSR and Poland. 1 million Poles went from the USSR to Poland, 600 thousand Ukrainians - in the opposite direction, plus 140 thousand Polish Jews went to Palestine.

Just a fact On March 17, 1951, the UPA appealed to the US government to provide assistance to the Ukrainian rebels in the fight against the USSR.

• bullying victims

In Poland, the Volyn massacre is very well remembered.
This is a scan of the pages of a Polish book:

The list of ways in which the Ukrainian Nazis dealt with the civilian population:

. Driving a large and thick nail into the skull of the head.
. Ripping off the hair from the head with the skin (scalping).
. Carving on the forehead "eagle" (the eagle is the coat of arms of Poland).
. Eye gouging.
. Circumcision of the nose, ears, lips, tongue.
. Piercing children and adults with stakes through and through.
. Punching with a pointed thick wire through and through from ear to ear.
. Cutting the throat and pulling the tongue out through the opening.
. Knocking out teeth and breaking jaws.
. Tearing of the mouth from ear to ear.
. Plugging mouths with tow when transporting still living victims.
. Rolling the head back.
. Crushing of the head by placing in a vise and tightening the screw.
. Cutting and pulling narrow strips of skin from the back or face.
. Breaking bones (ribs, arms, legs).
. Cutting off women's breasts and sprinkling salt on wounds.
. Cutting off the genitals of male victims with a sickle.
. Punching the belly of a pregnant woman with a bayonet.
. Cutting the abdomen and pulling out the intestines in adults and children.
. Cutting the abdomen of a woman with a long-term pregnancy and inserting instead of the removed fetus, for example, a live cat, and stitching the abdomen.
. Cutting the abdomen and pouring boiling water inside.
. Cutting the stomach and putting stones inside it, as well as throwing it into the river.
. Cutting the belly of pregnant women and spilling broken glass inside.
. Pulling out the veins from the groin to the feet.
. Inserting a hot iron into the vagina.
. Insertion of pine cones into the vagina with the top side forward.
. Inserting a pointed stake into the vagina and pushing it up to the throat, right through.
. Cutting the women's front part of the body with a garden knife from the vagina to the neck and leaving the insides outside.
. Hanging victims by the insides.
. Inserting a glass bottle into the vagina or anus and breaking it.
. Cutting the belly and spilling feed flour inside for hungry pigs, which pulled out this feed along with the intestines and other entrails.
. Chopping/cutting off with a knife/sawing off hands or feet (or fingers and toes).
. Cauterization of the inside of the palm on the hot stove of a charcoal kitchen.
. Sawing the body with a saw.
. Sprinkling of bound feet with red-hot coal.
. Nailing hands to the table, and feet to the floor.
. Chopping a whole body into pieces with an ax.
. Nailing the tongue of a small child to the table with a knife, which later hung on it.
. Cutting a child into pieces with a knife.
. Nailing a small child to a table with a bayonet.
. Hanging a male child by the genitals on a doorknob.
. Knocking out the joints of the legs and arms of the child.
. Throwing a child into the flames of a burning building.
. Breaking the baby's head, taking it by the legs and hitting it against a wall or stove.
. Planting a child on a stake.
. Hanging a woman upside down on a tree and mocking her - cutting off her chest and tongue, dissecting her stomach, gouging out her eyes, and cutting off pieces of her body with knives.
. Nailing a small child to a door.
. Hanging on a tree with feet up and singeing the head from below with the fire of a fire lit under the head.
. Drowning children and adults in a well and throwing stones at the victim.
. Driving a stake into the stomach.
. Tying a man to a tree and shooting him like a target.
. Dragging the body along the street with a rope tied around the neck.
. Binding the legs and arms of a woman to two trees, and cutting her stomach from the crotch to the chest.
. Dragging on the ground mother with three children connected with each other.
. Pulling one or more victims with barbed wire, pouring cold water on the victim every few hours in order to come to his senses and feel pain.
. Buried in the ground alive up to the neck and later cut off the head with a scythe.
. Tearing the body in half with the help of horses.
. Tearing the body in half by tying the victim to two bent trees and then releasing them.
. Setting fire to a victim doused in kerosene.
. Laying around the victim with sheaves of straw and setting them on fire (Nero's torch).
. Putting a baby on a pitchfork and throwing him into the flames of a fire.
. Hanging on barbed wire.
. Ripping off the skin from the body and filling the wound with ink or boiling water.
. Nailing hands to the threshold of the dwelling.

In the ranks of the Ukrainian rebels - mostly radical nationalists from Galicia. These are three regions: Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk and the south of Ternopil. During the Great Patriotic War, a whole division of Ukrainian volunteers from these places - it was called "SS-Galicia" - fought on the side of the Third Reich. Today guys from the same region are also against Russia. What are radical Ukrainian nationalists capable of? In the USSR, many documents on this topic were classified, and not only documents - the topic itself was banned so as not to cast a shadow on the Soviet idyll of a friendly family of peoples. What is happening in Ukraine now needs to be explained with the help of historical examples.

One March morning in 1942, a detachment in the form of SS troops drove into the village of Velevshchina in northern Belarus. His fighters spoke, however, not in German, but in pure Ukrainian language. The 201st police battalion was commanded by the then little-known future hero of Ukraine, Roman Shukhevych. Punishers, having arrived, immediately got down to business. Shukhevych himself set an example.

"They shot both children and adults. Some of them were thrown alive into the pit," said Natalya Sadovskaya, a resident of Velevshchyna.

The 201st battalion was by far not the only Ukrainian formation that participated in the destruction of the inhabitants of Belarus. By the beginning of 1942, the Nazis had formed several dozen Ukrainian police battalions. And in total during the war years, more than 20 thousand Ukrainian nationalists participated in punitive operations against civilians in Belarus.

Seconded punishers did not shy away from the bloodiest work - they raped, killed and robbed. On their account, thousands of villages burned in Belarus. Khatyn has become a mournful symbol of the war crimes of Ukrainian nationalists.

It was already burned by other Ukrainian punishers - from the fraternal 118th police battalion, formed in Kyiv in the fall of 1942.

"Ukrainian nationalist organizations in this battalion are from the Bukovina kuren. A monument to the Bukovina kuren has been erected in Chernivtsi, and this is another evidence of what is happening in Ukraine. They took part in punitive operations, and now they are praised as if they were heroes," noted the chief archivist of the National Archives of Belarus Vyacheslav Selemenev.

By that time, the heroes from the 118th Ukrainian battalion had already become famous for the murders of Jews and the mass execution at Babi Yar. So trained punishers came to Khatyn.

The inhabitants of Khatyn - from young to old - were herded into a barn, overlaid with straw and set on fire. 149 people died in the fire, 75 of them were children. Those who tried to escape from hell were machine-gunned by the battalion's chief of staff, Grigory Vasyura.

The case of SS Hauptsturmführer and punisher Grigory Vasyura, a native of the Cherkasy region, is still classified as "top secret". In total - 17 volumes. Under the yellow roots are the crimes not only of Vasyura himself, but also of dozens of other Ukrainian nationalists.

After the war, Vasyura became deputy director of one of the large state farms in the Kiev region, he liked to speak to young people as a war veteran and even demanded an order for himself. Then the punisher was exposed.

The trial of Grigory Vasyura took place in 1986 at the Dzerzhinsky KGB Club of Belarus. All meetings were open, any resident of the republic, in which every third Belarusian died during the war, could attend them.

According to the verdict of the court, Vasyura was shot, but many Ukrainian punishers evaded responsibility. Another battalion executioner - Vladimir Katryuk - fled to Canada, where today he lives in full health and breeds bees.

However, after the liberation of Belarus, tens of thousands of punishers did not emigrate anywhere. In the north of the republic, they organized a bandit underground. Among the most odious organizers of the Ukrainian gangster underground in Belarus was a certain Taras Borovets.

"By the time of the liberation of Belarus in July 1944, about 12-14 thousand members of the armed underground continued to operate on its territory. From 1944 to 1952, the region was a war zone. We are talking about thousands of dead civilians, military personnel, police officers," - explained the head of the department of the Institute of National Security of Belarus Igor Volokhonovich.

It was possible to completely liquidate the Ukrainian gangster underground in Belarus only by the mid-1950s, but the spiritual heirs of the nationalists all these years did not leave hope for a historical revenge.

1997 Center of Minsk. Nationalists from Ukraine under the flags of UNA-UNSO are trying to arrange mass riots in Belarus, calling for a coup d'etat. Methods worked out: clashes with the police, mass fights, overturned cars. The leader of the radical nationalists Oleg Tyagnibok praises the punishers from the police battalions operating on the territory of Belarus.

“At one time, one of the founders of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army, well-known to all historians, Roman Shukhevych, aka Taras Chuprinko, stated the following: “We must be infinitely cruel. Only through cruelty can we come to power. If we destroy half of the population of Ukraine out of 40 million inhabitants, history will forgive us," said Georgy Sannikov, in 1952-1956 - an employee of the KGB of the Ukrainian SSR, a participant in the anti-terrorist operation in Western Ukraine.

On the territory of Belarus, UNA-UPA carried out two and a half thousand acts of sabotage. Most of the punishers evaded responsibility, and some still live safely on the territory of different states, including Ukraine.

The frightening extremism of the unrest in Ukraine, which the West prefers to ignore, is increasingly being spoken about in Israel. Shock squad nationalists sometimes openly display their anti-Semitic beliefs.

"When you see what is happening in Ukraine, it's hard to believe. Under no circumstances should you forgive anti-Semitism. Never," said Naomi Blumenthal, a member of the Israeli Knesset.

“In the history of Ukraine there were Babi Yar, Treblinka and many other places where Jews were killed. It is imperative to support the police, which must suppress such manifestations and establish order and law,” said David Frenkel, a former prisoner of the ghetto and the Bergen-Belsen camp. .

"When I hear about such manifestations of anti-Semitism, I remember the words of the Prophet: "We are all responsible for each other." The pictures of what is happening in Ukraine speak for themselves. We were sure that this horror would never return. Freedom and democracy are not anarchy and permissiveness," said Chief Rabbi of Israel David Lau.

5. CREATIES OF THE FASCISIAN OCCUPANTS IN UKRAINE

Mass extermination of civilians. The anger and confusion of the Nazis, caused by defeats at the front, resulted in merciless measures against the growing resistance of the Soviet people in the rear of the Wehrmacht. A new wave of mass bloody massacres fell upon the population of the occupied territories, including Ukraine.

In order to pacify the areas covered by the partisan movement, the fascist punishers daily destroyed hundreds and thousands of civilians. The punitive organs and troops of the invaders directed their blows not only against the direct participants in the anti-fascist struggle. Monstrous reprisals against the inhabitants of entire settlements have become a daily practice of the invaders. So, in December 1942, during a punitive operation, the Nazis drove into one room and burned 300 residents of the village. Ilintsy in Vinnitsa. In the Novobasanovsky district of the Chernihiv region, starting in the autumn of 1942, the invaders burned several villages, destroying their entire population. In the Rivne region, fascist fiends burned thousands of residents of the village in houses and barns. Borshchovka, Malina and other settlements. In the Slovechansky district of the Zhytomyr region, only in December 1942, eleven villages were burned, and the inhabitants who did not have time to escape were killed. On March 3, 1943, the Nazi executioners killed 1,300 residents of the village. Khmilniki, in Vinnytsia; April 2 - 2400 peasants from. Ternovka.

In an effort to deprive the partisans of support among the population, the Nazis made large areas deserted. Only in the course of a broad punitive operation against the partisan regions of the Zhytomyr, Rovno and Kiev regions of the Ukrainian SSR and the Polessye region of Belarus in the summer of 1943, more than 80 villages and farms were burned, many thousands of civilians were killed. In total, in Ukraine, fascist punishers burned over 250 settlements, destroying a lot of innocent people. The fascist killing machine worked at full speed - day and night shooting did not stop in Babi Yar, Darnitsa and on Syrets in Kyiv; in a forest park near Sokolniki and s. Yards near Kharkov; in the tracts of Krivolesovshchina, Roevshchina, Berezovy Rog near Chernigov; on Belaya Street in Rovno and in other places of mass executions of Soviet citizens.

In Nuremberg, at the trial of the main Nazi criminals, the German engineer G. Grabe told how massacres of local residents took place in Dubno on October 5, 1942: “... My foreman and I went straight to the pits. Nobody bothered us. Then I heard a discordant volley of rifles coming from behind one embankment.

The people who got off the trucks - men, women and children of all ages - had to undress on the orders of the members of the SS, who carried whips and lashes. They had to fold their clothes in certain places, so shoes, outerwear and underwear were sorted accordingly.

I saw a pile of shoes, from about 800 to 1000 pairs, huge piles of linen and clothes. Without shouting or crying, these people, naked, stood around in families, kissed each other, said goodbye and waited for a sign from another SS man, who was also standing near the embankment with a whip in his hand. During the 15 minutes that I stood there, I heard not a single complaint, not a single plea for mercy. I have observed a family of 8 men and women in their 50s with children aged 8 and 10 and two adult daughters aged 20 and 24. An old woman with snow-white hair held a one-year-old child in her arms, sang to him and played with him. The child cooed with pleasure. His parents looked at him with tears in their eyes. The father held the hand of a boy of about 10 years old and spoke softly to him. The boy fought back tears. The father pointed to the sky, stroked his head with his hand, and seemed to be explaining something to him. At this moment, the SS man at the embankment shouted something to his comrade. The latter counted out about 20 people and ordered them to go behind the embankment. Among them was the family I was talking about. I remember a girl, slender, with black hair, who, passing close to me, pointed to herself and said: "23." I walked around the embankment and found myself in front of a huge grave. People were crowded closely together and lay on top of each other, so that only their heads were visible. Nearly all had blood running down their shoulders from their heads. Some of those shot were still moving. Some raised their hands and turned their heads to show that they were still alive. The hole was already two-thirds full. By my count, there were already about a thousand people there. I looked around for the person who carried out the execution. It was an SS man sitting on the edge of the narrow end of the pit; his feet dangled into the hole. There was a machine gun on his lap, he was smoking a cigarette. People, completely naked, went down several steps, which were cut in the clay wall of the pit, and climbed over the heads of the people lying there to the place indicated to them by the SS man. They lay down in front of dead or injured people, some caressed those who were still alive, and quietly spoke to them something. Then I heard machine gun fire. I looked into the hole and saw that people were convulsing there; their heads lay motionless on the bodies laid before them. Blood flowed from their necks...

The next group was already approaching. They descended into the pit, lay down on the line against the previous victims and were shot. When I, returning, went around the embankment, I noticed another truck that had just arrived, loaded with people ... ".

In such actions, carried out by the occupiers, local bourgeois nationalists invariably butchered. So it was everywhere - in the Baltic States, Belarus, Ukraine. From this criminal environment, the occupiers formed auxiliary bodies. Thus, the protege of the Germans, the burgomaster of the city of Piryatyn, Poltava region, personally participated in the executions of more than 2.7 thousand Soviet citizens, helped to drive away Ukrainian youth to fascist hard labor in Germany. A bourgeois nationalist also took part in the execution of over 3,000 Soviet people and in the forced deportation of 2,000 residents of the Vasilkovsky district of the Kyiv region. The chief of the Rzhishchevskaya district government participated in the murder of 247 people and the expulsion of 6.2 thousand Soviet people to fascist hard labor.

The corpses of Soviet people, tortured and shot by the invaders. Kirovograd. 1944

After a radical change in the course of hostilities in favor of the Soviet troops, the regular units of the Nazi army were increasingly involved in the performance of punitive functions in the operational rear of army groups and in the deeper rear. On December 16, 1942, the head of the OKW, Field Marshal W. Keitel, gave the order: "Military units have the right and are obliged to use any means in this fight without restrictions, also against women and children."

Here is how this criminal order was carried out. After an unsuccessful operation against partisans in the Kozar forest of the Chernihiv region, over a thousand Nazi soldiers and officers broke into a large village. Kozary and destroyed it with almost the entire population. “September 11, 1943,” eyewitnesses said, “at about six o’clock in the morning ... they (the Nazis. - Auth.) Surrounded the village and began atrocious reprisals against women, the elderly, and children. Like animals, they broke into houses, shot residents with machine guns, set fire to houses ... threw grenades into the cellars. Inhuman cries rang over the village... That day there was a service in the church... The Germans took 270 worshipers out of the church, herded them into the village club and burned them. 150 people were also burned alive in a collective farm barn. Of the 4.7 thousand inhabitants of the village, only 432 people survived ... In the air, an unbearable stench from smoke and corpses. On the ashes there are charred skulls, next to small children's bones lie the bones of adults ... The village has turned into a cemetery. There are many such examples. The fascist military killed people, robbed livestock, peasant belongings. Assassins and marauders in military uniforms diligently carried out the orders of their command.

The Nazis burn the houses of civilians on the outskirts of Dnepropetrovsk. September 1943

The atrocities of the Nazi invaders in the village. Mikhailo-Kotsyubinskoe in Chernihiv region. 1943

In the days of mourning announced by Hitler for the 6th Army, destroyed near Stalingrad, in Odessa, a group of German officers broke into a prisoner of war camp and opened fire. 78 people were killed. In Mariupol, the Nazis filled 18 railway cars with wounded and sick Red Army soldiers, boarded up the doors tightly, drove the cars to a dead end and kept them there until all the prisoners were dead. Fascist monsters seemed to compete, trying to surpass each other in cruelty. So, in the Yanovsky prisoner of war camp, located in Lvov, commandant Vilgauz entertained his wife by teaching her from a balcony to shoot from a machine gun at live targets - prisoners of war working nearby. In April 1943, this executioner celebrated his Fuhrer's birthday by selecting 54 prisoners - according to the number of Hitler's years - and personally shot them.

Ukraine is covered with gallows. In Kharkov, Stalino and many other cities, the invaders killed their victims in "gas chambers" - trucks with a sealed body into which exhaust gases were discharged.

The Soviet government constantly exposed the criminal actions of the German fascist invaders to the international community. Official statements confirmed by trophy documents and testimonies of witnesses were published, painting nightmarish pictures of the bloody terror carried out by the invaders on Soviet soil.

The actions of the invaders were a blatant violation of the Hague Convention of 1907, the Geneva Convention of 1929 on the treatment of prisoners of war and civilians. In October 1943, the Moscow Conference of the USSR, USA and England adopted a Declaration on the responsibility of the Nazi executioners for the crimes they committed. The Declaration, signed by the heads of government of the three powers of the anti-Hitler coalition, warned the Nazi international criminals of the severe punishment that would befall them after their inevitable defeat. After the war, in pursuance of the Moscow Declaration, the main Nazi war criminals were punished by the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg. But justice did not fully prevail. The reactionary forces of the Western powers prevented the consistent administration of justice, took under the protection of many Nazi executioners and saved them from retribution.

Ukraine in the "master plan East". Even before the attack on the Soviet Union, the Nazis were developing a general plan for the Germanization of the territories captured in the East. Its essence was to eliminate the indigenous Slavic population and gradually replace it with immigrants from Germany and those European countries whose inhabitants the Nazis considered to belong to the Germanic race. The latter were supposed to be subjected to linguistic and cultural Germanization. After the attack of fascist Germany on the Soviet Union, its population and territory were also included in the criminal planning. The result was the "master plan Ost", the first version of which was prepared by May 1942.

The plan provided for the physical destruction of tens of millions of the indigenous Slavic population of the European part of the Soviet Union - Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians. Those who could survive were divided into two categories. The first - large - was to be evicted to Siberia, the second - smaller - had to remain in place to perform the most difficult work and serve immigrants from Germany.

The first stage of the implementation of the plan was designed for 25-30 post-war years. During this period, in the vast European part of the USSR, it was supposed to create a network of "stamps" - territories with a German population. Next to them there should have been economic administrative and military strongholds, also inhabited by the Germans. In the subsequent period, the number of "marks" was to increase, their network to become denser and, finally, to merge, covering the entire territory.

The local population was to be eliminated both through physical elimination and through exile far to the East in order to free up territory for new owners. The scale of the planned violent measures is evidenced by the fact that it was planned to expel 65% from the territory of Western Ukraine, 75% of the population from Belarus, etc. The Nazis prepared a particularly cruel fate for the Russian people, seeking to forever undermine their strength, their resistance and ability to fight. “Our task,” Himmler openly wrote in 1942 in the SS weekly Black Corps, “is not to Germanize the East in the old sense of the word, that is, to instill in the population the German language and German laws, but to ensure that people live in the East only people of truly German blood."

One of the central places in the fascist plans for the Germanization of Soviet lands was occupied by Ukraine. This is clearly evidenced by Hitler's instructions, which were shorthand and became directives for the entire Nazi leadership and its policies. “We will take the southern part of Ukraine, primarily the Crimea, and make it an exclusively German colony,” said the fascist Fuhrer, meaning by colony a territory with a purely German population. "It won't be hard to drive away the population that's here now." Further, these directives say: “In a hundred years, millions of German peasants will live here ... One hundred and thirty million people in the Reich, ninety in Ukraine.”

In the next 20 years, Hitler told his henchmen, Ukraine must be populated by twenty million Germans. The local population, which would have survived and remained in place after the physical destruction or expulsion of its bulk, was preparing for the role of slaves of the conquerors. Gradually it had to be reduced to the lowest cultural level. “The population,” Hitler said, “is to be given knowledge only to the extent sufficient to understand road signs.”

The authors of the "master plan Ost" did not belong to the top of the Nazi hierarchy and did not know exactly the plans of their Fuhrer. They suggested a different pace of implementation of the plan and even allowed for the lowest four-year education for the local population. Therefore, having approved the basic principles laid down in the plan for the policy of genocide on the occupied Soviet territory, Himmler in the summer of 1942 ordered that it be finalized in accordance with Hitler's guidelines. The racist planners continued their criminal work.

However, the Germanization of the Ukrainian land, the Nazis began, without waiting for the completion of the development of the "master plan Ost". Its first form was the creation of agricultural estates for the SS in Ukraine and other occupied areas. The fate prepared for the local population is eloquently evidenced by the fact that in July 1942 O. Pohl was appointed the chief manager of these estates - the head of the entire system of Nazi concentration camps, which was one of the links in the branched organization of the SS. In general, the whole matter of Germanization from beginning to end was to be under the jurisdiction of the SS organs, the most adapted to the implementation of massacres. It was no coincidence that the SS men became the first owners of new estates, the total territory of which, from Ukraine to the Baltic states, reached 600 thousand hectares. Occupying a privileged position in the state structure and the military machine of Nazism, they hurried to skim the cream of booty.

The schedule for the future enrichment of German soldiers and officers at the expense of the captured Soviet lands was a constant motive of fascist propaganda. “This is a war - not for the throne and not for the altar,” I. Goebbels cynically explained. “This is a war for grain and bread, for a plentiful dinner table, for plentiful breakfasts and dinners ... a war for raw materials, for rubber, for iron and ore.”

All participants in the war against the Soviet Union were officially promised that they would become the owners of the land conquered in the East - and not only the land: “The East, and above all Ukraine, should become the base for supplying Germany with food and raw materials,” explained the engineer who built airfields in the Rivne region. - All the land here will be distributed among the Germans, primarily among the participants in the war. Each German will own at least 50 hectares of land and 10 able-bodied slaves from the local population; The East must also become the base for supplying the Reich with gratuitous labor. The rest of the local population, as superfluous, must be physically exterminated.” "The German soldier," Koch crucified, "conquered Ukraine ... in order to be able to settle here."

SS officers wasted no time in acquiring estates in the occupied territory, trying to grab more. It got to the point that on October 26, 1942, Himmler was forced to issue a circular stating that some SS officers had lost their "sense of proportion." It established the size of land holdings in the East. They should not exceed 160 hectares. The creation of large estates did not meet the Nazi policy of colonization and Germanization of the occupied Soviet land. The goal was to transfer plots of several tens of hectares to millions of German colonists, primarily soldiers, and to create numerous kulaks on the conquered land as an inexhaustible reservoir of human contingents for future wars.

The unheard-of terror of the occupiers, the massacres of Soviet people fully corresponded to the main idea of ​​the "Ost general plan" - to destroy a significant part of the local population in the East, to clear the space for German settlers. The German fascist invaders began to carry out this part of their cannibalistic plan as soon as they found themselves on Soviet soil. In 1942, the first steps were taken in Ukraine towards the implementation of the next part of the plan - the replacement of the indigenous population by the Germans.

In the summer of 1942, in connection with the shift of the center of gravity of operations to the southern wing of the Soviet-German front, Hitler's headquarters was moved from Rastembork (East Prussia) to the vicinity of Vinnitsa. Himmler ordered the first 10,000 Germans to be resettled in this region of Ukraine after the harvest. In November 1942, the indigenous inhabitants of seven Ukrainian villages near the town of Kalinovka in the north of the Vinnitsa region were expelled to make room for representatives of the "superior race".

By order of the Reichskommissariat "Ukraine", the eviction zone extended to the southern part of the adjacent Zhytomyr region. It included about 60 settlements. The whole area was named Hegewald. On December 12, when the resettlement was basically completed, Koch issued an order to create a "German resettlement district of Hegewald" with a size of 500 km 2 with a population of about 9 thousand people. In accordance with the “master plan Ost”, the district ceased to be subject to the authority of the Reichskommissariat and was transferred to the control of the SS authorities.

The Nazis kept their criminal plans concerning the future of Ukraine, as well as other Soviet territories, in the strictest confidence. They were introduced to the most limited circle of people who directly led the Nazi policy in the East. Even the Reichskommissars were not allowed to have the text of the top-secret plan. He was not mentioned in secret documents either, all orders for this plan were given only verbally.

Initially, taking measures to increase emigration to the East, the Nazi leaders involved in this the German minorities in Banat, Bessarabia, "Transnistria", as well as the population of neighboring countries of Germany and more or less ethnically similar countries of Western Europe - Denmark, Holland, Norway. They were planned to be assimilated as quickly as possible and in this way to accelerate the formation of a German territorial-ethnic monolith from the Atlantic to the Volga. “The question should be considered,” Rosenberg wrote in 1942, “of the resettlement of Danes, Norwegians, Dutch and - after the victorious conclusion of the war - the British, so that during the life of one or two generations it would be possible to attach this territory, as Germanized, to the native German territory."

Not knowing about the existence of the top-secret "master plan Ost", the population of the occupied Soviet territories saw perfectly the true essence of the German fascist policy. “Although the practical resettlement experiments were small in scale and limited to a few villages in the regions of Zhytomyr and Kalinovka, rumors about them penetrated into the most remote corners of Ukraine,” one of those who implemented the fascist agrarian policy in Ukraine later admitted. “In the area of ​​the city of Zhytomyr and ... in other areas, German fascists are evicting Ukrainian peasants, and Germans are settling on their estates, to whom all the economy and property of the evicted peasants are transferred. The Germans either lock up the unfortunate Ukrainian peasants in concentration camps, or take them into slavery in Germany, or shoot them,” the gas newspaper wrote. "Partisan Truth".

The turning point in the course of the war, which came as a result of the Stalingrad victory of the Red Army, buried all the far-reaching plans of the Nazi invaders, including plans for Ukraine. After Stalingrad, they no longer remembered the “master plan Ost”. But their claims to Ukraine, its huge resources have not diminished from this. On the contrary, they increased even more, already in connection with the immediate needs of the war.

Hitler's total mobilization in Ukraine. The catastrophe of the Nazi army near Stalingrad caused panic among the fascist leadership. “It is clear that we misjudged the military potential of the Soviet Union!” - Goebbels shouted hysterically at a rally in the Berlin Sports Palace on February 18, 1943. - Now for the first time he has revealed himself to us in all his nightmarish size.

Huge losses in the Battle of Stalingrad, the winter campaign of 1942/43 undermined the strength of the fascist army. To avoid defeat, the Nazi leaders tried to recoup the losses and maximize the Wehrmacht. On January 27 and 29, 1943, Hitler issued decrees on the total mobilization of labor force to replace in industry the men drafted into the army. All able-bodied men and women who had previously worked less than 48 hours a week were subject to mobilization in Germany. Small industrial and commercial establishments were closed, their labor was transferred to large military enterprises.

The Nazi leadership shifted the main burden of total mobilization to the occupied countries. Back in March 1942, Hitler appointed the Gauleiter of Thuringia, the ardent Nazi F. Sauckel, Commissioner General for the use of labor. He was given an urgent task - to replace 2 million German workers who were called up for military service. Sauckel did not have his own apparatus - Nazi party, state and economic organizations associated with the mobilization and distribution of labor resources, including the Reichskommissariats of the occupied Soviet territories, became its executive bodies. Informing Rosenberg of their common task, Sauckel wrote that Germany needed "vast numbers of new foreign slaves - men and women".

The lion's share of "foreign slaves" was to be given by the occupied territory of the Soviet Union, primarily Ukraine, where 110 "recruitment" points were organized, and in reality - registration and organization of the forcible deportation of the able-bodied population to Germany. The demands of the fascist Reich for gratuitous labor were increasing. On September 3, 1942, Sauckel informed his subordinates: "The Führer has ordered the immediate involvement of 400-500 thousand Ukrainian women aged 15 to 35 years for their use in the household."

Hitler demanded that this new task of stealing girls and young women into slavery be completed in 3 months, endowing Sauckel with dictatorial rights for this. Earlier, Sauckel set the Rosenberg Ministry the task of “removing as much as possible the necessary additional labor force from the territory of the newly occupied eastern regions, from the Reichskommissariat “Ukraine”. Therefore, the Reichskommissariat "Ukraine" must provide 225 thousand workers by December 31, 1942 and an additional 225 thousand workers by May 1, 1943.

Sauckel and his henchmen had the "right" to carry out any measures and use any means to steal the able-bodied population from the occupied territory. The command of the Wehrmacht was instructed that all institutions of the military department should in every possible way assist the representatives of the General Commissioner in recruiting labor. The Nazi army had already shown itself capable of committing the most heinous crimes against the civilian population and was ready for new violence against defenseless people.

With the beginning of the total mobilization, the atrocities of the invaders in the occupied Soviet territory acquired a new, unprecedented scale. The fascist war economy demanded millions of new slaves. “German agriculture, as well as the implementation of the most important armament program, on the orders of the Führer, require the urgent export of labor,” Sauckel wrote to Rosenberg on March 17, 1943. “We need about 1 million workers - men and women, and they are needed in the next 4 months. Starting from March 15, 5,000 men and women must be taken out every day; starting from April, this number should be increased to 10 thousand. This is the most urgent program requirement ... I have provided control figures for individual territories, and in accordance with what experts have reported, these figures are as follows: commissariat Belarus - 500 workers, from the central economic inspectorate - 500 workers, from the Reichskommissariat "Ukraine" - 3 thousand, from the southern economic inspectorate - 1 thousand, a total of 5 thousand. Starting from April 1, 1943, daily control figures should be doubled ".

Thus, in general, Ukraine accounted for 4/5 of the entire contingent of people for theft into fascist slavery. It was a constant Nazi norm, based on population size. Until the end of the occupation, the Nazi ludolovs took out 2.8 million civilians from the entire occupied Soviet territory. Of this number, 2.4 million were stolen in Ukraine.

In Ukraine, times have come that have surpassed the nightmares of the old Tatar-Turkish invasions. Fascist cannibals hunted men, women and teenagers in towns and villages, on the streets and in houses. People mutilated themselves, inoculated themselves with contagious diseases, hid, fled from their homes - the invaders arrested their families, confiscated property, burned houses, shot the families of those who evaded, sparing neither adults nor children. Endless echelons, day and night, exported to Germany the main wealth of Ukraine - its people, doomed to unprecedented bullying, torment and death from overwork, hunger, disease and brutal reprisals of fascist executioners.

The total mobilization carried out with incredible cruelty gave its results: the number of the Wehrmacht by June 1943 reached a peak - 9555 thousand people against 8635 thousand a year earlier.

The need for a slave labor force prompted the Nazi leaders to temporarily impose even some "restrictions" on massacres in the East. The generals of the security service, who led the punitive operations in Ukraine, in the summer of 1943 received Himmler's instructions: “When searching villages, especially in cases where it becomes necessary to burn an entire village, the local population must be forcibly transferred to the disposal of authorized Sauckel. As a rule, children should no longer be shot. If we temporarily limit our strict measures ... this is done for the following reasons: our most important goal is the mobilization of the labor force.

Robbery of Ukraine. Having lost a significant part of the occupied Soviet territories as a result of military defeats, the Nazis summed up their predatory activities in the East. In October 1944, Rosenberg sent a summary report to the Party Chancellery from the Central Partnership Vostok, which had a monopoly in the collection, processing and supply of agricultural products. The report covered the period from the beginning of the occupation until March 31, 1944. It did not include exactions from the economic commands of the military authorities and non-centralized robbery. According to the report, the partnership took possession of 9.2 million tons of grain, 622 thousand tons of meat, 950 thousand tons of oilseeds, 400 thousand tons of sugar, 3.2 million tons of potatoes, 2.5 million tons of feed, 141 thousand tons of seeds, 1.2 million tons of other products, 1075 million eggs. It took 1418 thousand wagons to transport the loot. 472 thousand tons were transported by water transport.

Due to the occupied territory, not only the troops of the Nazi front were provided with food, but also the population of Germany. Nevertheless, the Nazi calculations for profit did not materialize. At the beginning of the occupation, Berlin economists planned to annually receive 7-10 million tons of grain from Ukraine alone. Hitler raised the figure to 12 million. Despite the efforts of the fascist "purchasers" and repressions against the rural population, the actual extraction of the invaders turned out to be much less than planned.

The bulk of food (over 80%) was looted in Ukraine. She, as the main supplier, accounted for the bulk of the "shortage". Having captured the Ukraine, the Nazis hoped to turn it into an inexhaustible source of agricultural products and thereby completely and forever solve the food problem for Germany. But the invaders did not take into account the main factor - the resistance of the population.

The main role in the disruption of the planned Nazi preparations was played by the widespread sabotage of work, which the invaders could not overcome even with the most cruel terror. Labor sabotage, together with the lack of taxation, led to a sharp reduction in sown areas in Ukraine and a drop in productivity. In 1942, the average grain harvest in the Ukraine was only 6.8 q/ha. Of these, 5.2 centners were taken by the invaders.

The disruption of enemy preparations in Ukraine intensified even more in connection with the rise of the partisan movement after Stalingrad. Fascist agricultural Fuhrers now did not dare to appear in the areas of operations of partisan detachments. The agricultural area subject to the occupiers was steadily shrinking. In the summer of 1943, even before the offensive of the Red Army, the Berlin press wrote about the presence of "an internal crisis in agriculture in Ukraine." The victorious offensive of the Soviet troops after the Battle of Kursk finally crossed out the enemy plans for the constant exploitation of the agricultural resources of Ukraine.

The Nazis are robbing Popovka (now - the village of Smirnov, Kuibyshevsky district, Zaporozhye region)

Even less were the "successes" of the occupiers in industry. Initially, convinced of the sufficiency of their own and captured Western European production capacities for the victorious end of the war, the Nazis did not intend to restore the industry of Ukraine. She was considered by them as a purely raw material appendage of the Reich, a source of food and minerals. The surviving industrial enterprises in the occupied territory were used only for the processing of agricultural products and partly for the repair of military equipment, means of transport, etc.

The building of the railway station Odessa-port, destroyed by the Nazi invaders. 1944

However, in the second half of 1942, after serious losses at the front, the occupiers tried to place the industrial potential of Ukraine at their service. On August 27, 1942, in his speech, Hitler stressed the importance of the same use of the entire industry of Donbass for the production of military products, as in France, Belgium, Czechoslovakia and other countries. The occupiers began to make feverish efforts to put into operation the largest metallurgical enterprises of the Donbass and the Dnieper region. At Hitler's request, their total production in 1943 was to be 1 million tons, in 1944 - 2 million tons of steel. However, these calculations remained on paper. The maximum monthly steel production that the invaders managed to establish in Ukraine did not exceed 3–6 thousand tons. This corresponded to an annual level of 35–70 thousand tons. .t steel per year.

The plans of the enemy were frustrated by the heroic resistance of the workers and engineering and technical personnel. By all means, risking their lives, the Soviet people slowed down the restoration of enterprises, disabled equipment, some of which the occupiers were forced to bring from Germany.

During the entire period of occupation, the Nazis tried in vain to satisfy their fuel needs in the East with Donetsk coal. By starvation and the most severe terror, they managed to force some of the professional miners who could not be evacuated, and tens of thousands of prisoners of war, to work at the mine. Nevertheless, at the beginning of 1943, the monthly coal production in the Donbass was only 250 thousand tons. The occupiers managed to reach the highest level before they were expelled from the basin in June 1943, when 400 thousand tons were mined. corresponded to the annual level of 3-4.8 million tons compared to 95 million tons mined in the Donbass in the year before the war.

To provide for their railway transport and other needs in Ukraine, the Nazis were forced to import coal from Upper Silesia.

Thus, the invaders were unable to use the industrial and natural wealth of Ukraine for their needs due to the heroic opposition of the Soviet people. This testified to the failure of the economic plans of the Nazi invaders in Ukraine.

The retreat of the fascist troops from the occupied territory was accompanied by a new, unprecedented wave of robbery. The Nazi military also sought to grab their share of the booty. Ahead of the retreating fascist troops rolled trains and wagon trains with property stolen on Soviet soil by German generals and officers.

Their allies did not lag behind the owners. During November - December 1943, the occupiers took out 1212 wagons of grain, 1086 wagons of livestock and poultry, 136 wagons of oilseeds and 6038 wagons of other foreign goods from Transnistria. The scale of the robberies of the invaders in Ukraine was colossal.

The ruins of the foundry shop of the Nikolaev shipbuilding plant. 1944

"Scorched earth". What the Nazis did not have time or could not take out of Ukraine earlier, they sought to destroy during the retreat. Leaving behind a desert zone, the enemy hoped to slow down the advance of the Red Army and paralyze the Ukrainian economy for decades.

These actions, called by the Nazis "scorched earth" tactics, were carried out jointly by the SS and the Wehrmacht. The order given by Himmler on September 3, 1943 to the commander of the SS and police in Kiev stated: “Not a single person, not a single head of cattle or a centner of grain, not a single railway car should remain. Not a single undestroyed house, not a single undestroyed mine that could be approached over the next years, not a single unpoisoned well ... The enemy must find a really completely burned and destroyed country ... The enemy should be left only completely unsuitable for a long time desert land.

At the same time, the high command of the Wehrmacht issued its order, in which it sought to outdo the main Nazi executioner in inhumanity and barbarism: and dugouts), cars, mills, windmills, wells, haystacks and straw.

Without exception, all houses must be burned, stoves in houses must be blown up with hand grenades, wells must be made unusable by destroying lifting devices, as well as throwing sewage into them (carrion, manure, droppings, gasoline); stacks of straw and hay, as well as all kinds of stocks - to burn, to undermine agricultural machines and telegraph poles, to flood ferries and boats. The destruction of bridges and mining of roads is the task of sappers.

The building of the Zaporozhye Regional Drama Theater named after. M. Zankovetskaya, destroyed by the Nazi invaders. 1944

It is the duty of all to ensure that the territory left to the enemy for a long time cannot be used by him for any military purposes and for the needs of agriculture.

The occupiers also sought to drive to the west the able-bodied and fit for military service Soviet population. On September 7, Goering, on behalf of Hitler, signed a secret decree that the territories that could fall into the hands of the advancing Soviet troops should be turned into a continuous zone of a deserted desert. "The population ...," the decree said, "should be expelled to the west."

The Wehrmacht and the fascist police apparatus, industrial firms and transport institutions of the occupiers joined in the implementation of the directives on the complete robbery and the transformation of Soviet territory into a zone of a deserted desert. Urgently developed instructions indicated in detail what to rob, how to disable what could not be taken out.

Special teams of fascist demolition workers, murderers and arsonists drove the Soviet people out of their homes onto the roads leading to the west, set fire to cities and villages, blew up bridges, railway stations, factories, mines, power plants, poisoned wells, laid mines, robbed and took away everything possible.

The forced expulsion of the population to the West often turned into massacres of Soviet people. So, on the eve of the German retreat from Sumy, representatives of the commandant's office drove through the streets of the city, announcing an order for the population to leave the city and leave the road to Konotop. After a while, the gendarmes began combing the streets. They went around house after house, beating and shooting the remaining Soviet people. In Poltava, the Nazis killed everyone who tried to evade the "evacuation", set fire to houses, threw people into the fire.

Assumption Cathedral of the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra, destroyed by the Nazi invaders. 1944

So they acted everywhere. In Artemovsk, a field gendarmerie detachment in September 1943 killed about 3,000 women, children, and the elderly. Some of them were shot, others were walled up alive in underground alabaster workings. In with. Velyki Lipnyagi in the Poltava region, the SS killed and burned alive 371 people, over 120 of them children. More than 400 inhabitants with. Rublyovka and the farms of Lukishchyna and Yezhakovka of the Poltava region, the Nazis drove into the school building, opened automatic fire on the trenches, doused the building with gasoline and set it on fire. Of all the victims of this brutal massacre, only two managed to escape. In Melitopol, the fascist executioners during the retreat drove over 250 women with children into prison and burned them. Several thousand civilians were shot during the retreat of the Germans from the city of Osipenko (now Berdyansk).

Destroyed by the Nazi invaders Khreshchatyk. Kyiv. 1943

The population of Kyiv, in a strip of three kilometers west of the Dnieper, was evicted by the invaders immediately after the Soviet troops entered the left bank of the river. Then the expulsion of the inhabitants of other parts of the city was carried out in stages. Some Kievans hid in the forbidden quarters. The Germans mercilessly shot those found out. The city was subjected to methodical destruction block by block.

In Kyiv, 940 buildings of state and public institutions, 1742 large residential buildings and 3.6 thousand private houses were destroyed, over 200 thousand people lost their homes. The whole center and many of the best quarters have turned into solid ruins. The Nazis blew up the power plant, disabled the power grid, water supply, sewerage, and urban transport. Bridges across the Dnieper, station and railway facilities of the entire huge Kyiv-Darnitsa junction were blown up. The largest Kyiv plants and factories, the university, hospitals, schools, buildings of theaters and palaces of culture lay in piles of smoking ruins. For 700 years, after the invasion of the hordes of Batu Khan, Kyiv was not subjected to such destruction.

Forced to retreat, the fascist army to the last possible tortured Ukraine, leaving behind mountains of corpses of its peaceful people, ruins and ashes.

Crimes of bourgeois nationalists. One of the consequences of the Nazi occupation was the activation of Ukrainian bourgeois nationalism in the western regions of the republic, where socialist transformations in 1939-1941. have not been completed. The population of the main territory of Ukraine, where Soviet power existed until 1939, not only did not succumb to nationalist propaganda, but also actively fought against bourgeois nationalists, as traitors and enemies of the Motherland.

The cooperation of Ukrainian nationalists with the Nazis intensified after the turning point in the course of the Patriotic War in favor of the Soviet Union. This circumstance emphasizes the treacherous nature of the activities of the nationalists, who stepped up their assistance to the occupiers just when they began to suffer defeat.

The OUN-Melnikovites groveled in front of the Germans like a lackey. In Krakow, the capital of the general government, Melnyk's "Ukrainian National Committee" operated, headed by the well-known nationalist geographer V. Kubiyevich. After the formation of the "district Galicia" in Lviv, a legal cell of this organization was opened. The nationalist gangs created by the committee received weapons from the Nazis and terrorized the population of the district, helping the invaders to suppress their resistance. From among the Melnikovites, auxiliary bodies of the occupation apparatus were recruited, burgomasters, elders, officials were selected, and police formations were created. Together with the Nazis, they robbed the wealth of the Ukrainian people, tortured and killed the Soviet people.

Melnikovites repeatedly raised the issue with the Nazi administration about the creation of Ukrainian nationalist military formations. However, they did not receive consent to this. At the beginning of 1943, the OUN redoubled their perseverance. A. Melnik wrote a letter to the head of the design bureau, Field Marshal Keitel, and Kubiyevich wrote to Himmler. In March 1943, after fascist Germany, having suffered a heavy defeat on the Eastern Front, launched a total mobilization. Himmler considered the proposal of the Melnykites to form a division of Ukrainian bourgeois nationalists from the "district Galicia" quite acceptable.

The military section of the Kubiyovych Committee, which until then had been engaged in the formation of nationalist anti-partisan gangs, launched an agitation for the entry of Ukrainians into the Nazi army. The campaign was not successful. Then the nationalists, together with the Nazis, found another way. In the division, they mobilized those who were threatened with a concentration camp for evading work in Germany. This is how the 14th SS Grenadier Division "Galicia" was formed. SS Brigadeführer Freitag became its commander, the officers, especially the highest, were recruited mainly from Germans, the commands were given in German.

The OUN-Banderites entered the Ukrainian land in the forefront of the Nazi troops, together with them they killed Soviet people. But after the unauthorized declaration of their “government” in Lvov in 1941, they lost the trust of their patrons, who did not intend to share power over

Ukraine. However, Bandera did not lose hope of reaching an agreement with the Nazis. To do this, they took measures to strengthen their position in the occupied territory. Having created a network of underground organizations, Bandera became the dominant force of the nationalist camp in Western Ukraine. At the end of March 1943, they organized the transition to the forest of almost the entire Ukrainian auxiliary police in Volhynia and Polissya. The leadership of the Bandera OUN launched the formation of armed gangs, still counting on cooperation with the Nazis, relying on their own "army". Gangs of other nationalist groups - Bulbov in Polesie, Melnikov in Galicia - were absorbed by Bandera.

During 1943, a military organization of the Bandera OUN was formed, which became known as the "Ukrainian Insurgent Army" (UPA). It relied on the branched OUN underground. In words, to deceive the population, Bandera gangs allegedly prepared to fight against the Germans, but in reality they fought only against partisans and Soviet underground fighters. “The political situation in these nationalist regions is so complicated that you need to be vigilant,” wrote S. V. Rudnev, commissar of the Kovpak unit, in his diary on June 21, 1943, during a raid in the Rivne region. On June 22, a new entry appeared: “There are nationalists in these villages. In the middle of the village there is a mound, on the mound there is a cross decorated with a nationalist flag and a trident. You bastard, the bourgeois intelligentsia fools the heads of the peasants, while they themselves are led by the Germans. They call themselves Ukrainian partisans, but cover up the real bourgeois guise of their movement.” On June 23, it was continued: “Nationalists often shoot from around the corner, from behind the bushes, from the pit. Young people are forcibly taken away and driven into the forest for training, and then put in command positions ... The Germans create the Polish police to beat the Ukrainians.

The backbone of the UPA became policemen, deserters, and criminals. Its bulk was made up of kulaks and declassed urban elements. The anti-people program of the Banderaites provided for the elimination of Soviet power, the restoration of the bourgeois system, the separation of Ukraine from the fraternal Soviet peoples, and the creation of a corporate state on a fascist model.

"The atrocities of the German fascist invaders" The Nazis sought to destroy entire nations. Under occupation, they were not bound by any traditions or laws. As a result, they destroyed Jews and Gypsies literally by the tens of thousands. Nowadays, they are often placed under