Danube and Balkan countries presentation. Presentation on the topic of Romania. Presentation on the topic: Geography of Bulgaria
1 of 11
Presentation on the topic: Geography of Bulgaria
Slide no. 1
Slide description:
Slide no. 2
Slide description:
Bulgaria is “a country of a tribe formed from many tribes.” "Bulg" comes from a Turkish root meaning "mixed". Bulgaria is a country in the southeastern part of Europe, located on the Balkan Peninsula Capital: Sofia Bordered on the north by Romania, on the south by Turkey and Greece, on the west by Serbia and the former Yugoslavia Republic of Macedonia. In the east it is washed by the waters of the Black Sea.
Slide no. 3
Slide description:
Nature of Bulgaria. About 1/3 of the country is occupied by mountains. In the center of the country is the Stara Planina mountain system (Balkan Mountains), dividing the territory of Bulgaria into two parts: the northern plain (Danube Plain) and the southern, more mountainous. In the southwest of the country there is the Rila-Rhodope mountain range: the Rila mountains (Mount Musala - 2925 m - the highest point of the Balkan Peninsula), Pirin and Rhodopes. The climate is temperate continental, in the south it is transitional to Mediterranean. Approx. 30% of Bulgaria's area is covered with forests, ch. arr. broad-leaved (beech, oak); pine, fir and spruce grow in the mountains. The natural conditions of Bulgaria create favorable preconditions for the development of tourism and resort facilities
Slide no. 4
Slide description:
Economy of Bulgaria. Bulgaria is an industrial-agrarian country. GNP per capita. $1,334 (1995). The extraction of coal, oil, and natural gas is developed. The leading industry is mechanical engineering. Traditional export goods are canned fruits and vegetables, tobacco, wine, essential oils (1st place in the world in the production of rose oil). An important role traditionally belongs to foreign tourism (over 8 million people per year). Large ski resorts - Borovets, Pamporovo, seaside resorts - Golden Sands, Albena, Sunny Beach, etc. Monetary unit is lev.
Slide no. 5
Slide description:
According to their ethnic roots, Bulgarians belong to the southern group of Slavs. During the period of the formation of the Bulgarians as a nationality, one of the important components were the Bulgars (Bulgars) - a Turkic people of Asian origin, who in the 5th century. AD created his own states between the Volga and the Ural Mountains. Strong state union in the territory between the Don and Kuban 7th century. AD was called Great Bulgaria (Khan Kubrat). Under pressure from the Khazars, this alliance collapsed. One group of Bulgars, led by Kotrag, was pushed north - to the Middle Volga region. Here in the 14th–15th centuries. The feudal state of Volga-Kama Bulgaria emerged with its capital Bulgar (or Bolgar) - a large trading center that existed until its appearance in the 15th century. Kazan Khanate. The second group, led by Asparukh, the son of Kurbat, moved west along the Black Sea coast, and then up the Danube. They crossed this river and, together with the Slavic tribes, in 681 AD. created the Bulgarian state in Moesia and Dacia (now the northeastern part of Bulgaria). The nomadic Bulgars and local Thracian tribes assimilated with the Bulgars, adopted their language and, to a large extent, the way of life of the Slavic villagers.
Slide no. 6
Slide description:
Historical sketch of Bulgaria. The first people appeared here more than 500 thousand years ago. In 4 thousand BC. e. settlements of the ancient Aryans arose. One of their tribes, the Thracians, in the 5th century. BC e. created their own state here - Thrace. Thrace, located at the junction of modern Bulgaria, Turkey and Greece, was part of the ancient Greek states as a province, and in the 1st-4th centuries. - Roman Empire. The legendary gladiator Spartacus was a Thracian. In the 7th century The Slavs who came from across the Danube assimilated the local population and entered into an alliance with a small group of proto-Bulgarians, forming the First Bulgarian Kingdom in 680. At the turn of the 9th-10th centuries. it owned almost the entire Balkan Peninsula. Christianity was introduced in 865. But already in the middle of the 10th century. The Bulgarian-Slavic state was conquered by Byzantium. As a result of the uprising raised by the brothers Peter and Asen, the country regained its independence. The Second Bulgarian Kingdom collapsed at the end. 14th century, conquered by the Turks. The Muslim yoke lasted for almost 500 years and was destroyed after Turkey's defeat in the war with Russia (1877-78). In 1908, the independent Third Bulgarian Kingdom arose. In the First World War, Bulgaria became an ally of Germany and Austria-Hungary. During World War II, Bulgaria sided with Germany (in March 1941 it officially joined the Axis countries). After defeat in World War II, Bulgaria fell into the sphere of influence of the USSR, and power passed to the communists. From the beginning 1990s the construction of a democratic society began. Bulgaria became the first post-communist country where the former ruling dynasty returned to power (albeit through democratic means). In 2001, Simeon of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, leader of the Monarchist Party, won the parliamentary elections. But the positions of the Socialist Party (former communists) are also strong. Bulgaria is a candidate for NATO and the EU. The national holiday is March 3 (Day of Liberation from the Turkish Yoke).
Slide no. 7
Slide description:
Few people know that Bulgaria has the highest and most extensive virgin mountain ranges in south-eastern Europe and an exceptionally rich flora and fauna. The mountains of Bulgaria not only have the richest vegetation, but also rare species of birds, including vultures, eagles, and falcons. Many animals listed in the Red Book have found refuge in the mountains: bear, wolf, red deer. The first Bulgarian national park was opened in 1934. Today this is only part of the state-protected parks and reserves of amazing beauty, the total area of which is 498 thousand hectares. In Bulgaria, a lot of work is being done to preserve the rich traditions and culture of the people, and at the same time, new treasures of nature are opening up for tourists. For many years, the Bulgarian mountains have served as a place of relaxation and admiration for countless visitors who came there to climb, simply wander or admire nature.
Slide no. 8
Slide description:
Slide no. 9
Slide description:
Bulgaria has many national parks open to the public. A friendly and experienced guide is always available to visitors. Some parks have special nature reserves for which you must obtain a pass in advance to enter. Small hotels, hunting lodges and private houses fit well into the general joyful atmosphere of the mountains, where you can always reserve a room in advance. If you prefer to stay closer to nature, then camping is allowed along the perimeter of these mountain establishments. Rila National Park
Slide no. 10
Slide description:
Resorts in Bulgaria are a wide network of private and public hotels that meet all European standards. And in recent years, due to the development of tourism in the country, hotels in Bulgaria have reached a qualitatively new level. The picturesque nature and variety of entertainment on the territory of the complex are what everyone needs for a carefree holiday on the coast. Moreover, holidays in hotels in Bulgaria will appeal to both those who want to save money and those who love comfort in luxury conditions. Due to the fact that the country is famous not only for beach tourism, but also for first-class ski resorts, in Bulgaria you will have a choice of houses and small hotels in the mountains.
Slide 1
Slide 2
Slide 3
Slide 4
Salzburg is the second largest city in Austria and is known to most people as the birthplace of Mozart. However, the city gained fame long before the birth of the great composer. Salzburg, whose name is translated from German as “salt-hail,” arose not far from the rock salt deposit. It began to be mined in ancient times.
Slide 6
Austria is a country of alpine peaks, emerald meadows, mountain lakes and green, cool forests. It is located in the very center of Europe. This is a small country, its area is about 84 thousand square meters. km (like two Moscow regions). Austrians speak German. In total, there are just over eight million Austrians (2003) (less than in Moscow alone). Austria is surrounded on all sides by European countries: the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, Italy, Switzerland, Liechtenstein and Germany. It has no access to the sea.
Slide 7
Austria. View of the Danube. Panorama of the city of Korneuburg. The Danube is the main waterway of the country; on its banks are the capital of Austria - Vienna, the cities of Linz, and Krems. This river flows through the territory of nine countries. Within the borders of Austria, the Danube is navigable.
Slide 9
The capital of Austria - Vienna - is located on both banks of the “beautiful blue Danube”. Vienna is one of the most beautiful cities in the world, home to about two million people.
Slide 10
St. Stephen's Cathedral is one of the most beautiful not only in Austria, but throughout Europe. The cathedral is considered the symbol of Vienna.
Slide 11
The main attraction of Vienna is a masterpiece of Gothic architecture, St. Stephen's Cathedral, built in the 14th and 15th centuries. The Belvedere Palace, built in the early 18th century and the former summer residence of Prince Eugene of Savoy, is called the pearl of the Viennese Baroque. Another summer residence of the Habsburg imperial family, Schönbrunn (late 18th century) is distinguished by its magnificent state rooms and wonderful park.
Slide 12
Schönbrunn Castle is located near the capital of Austria, Vienna. This is the summer residence of the Austrian Habsburg emperors. A hunting castle was built here in the mid-16th century, and under Maria Theresa in the 18th century, Schönbrunn received its modern appearance. The castle was built on and, in accordance with the Rococo style, was decorated with a balcony, galleries, and a hall with columns.
Slide 13
Most of the country's territory is occupied by the Eastern Alps, where edelweiss (the symbol of Austria) grows. The Alps are especially beautiful in winter. The Austrian city of Innsbruck is one of the centers of alpine skiing. The slopes of the Alps are covered with beautiful forests. The climate in Austria is temperate, with fairly mild winters and warm summers. The Austrian economy has a high level of development. Transport and agricultural engineering are the most developed; the Austrians produce high-quality equipment for the mining, textile, and food industries. The leading branch of agriculture is dairy farming.
Slide 14
Upper Austria. On the shore of a beautiful mountain lake is the summer resort of St. Wolfgang. The lake is surrounded by gentle mountain slopes covered with forests. On the steep streets of the town there are many shops where they sell original souvenirs - figurines made of soap (an ancient craft of local Benedictine monks).
Slide 15
Tyrol. View of the Tyrolean Alps. South Tyrol is characterized by high alpine terrain with glaciers and snowfields up to 3774 m high (Mount Wildspitz). The Tyrolean Alps are good both in summer and winter, and Tyrol especially attracts skiers. The main city of Tyrol hosted the White Olympics twice (1964, 1976).
Slide 16
Since ancient times, the lands of modern Austria were inhabited by Illyrian tribes. Later they were conquered by the Romans. In the sixth and seventh centuries, during the Great Migration, Germanic tribes settled here. The Duchy of Austria proper was created in 1156. Since 1278, representatives of the Habsburg dynasty, who ruled in Austria until the beginning of the 20th century, established themselves on the ducal throne. The forty-year reign of Empress Maria Theresa (1740-1780) is considered the golden era in the history of Austria. In 1867, Austria united with Hungary, forming the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary under Habsburg rule. The Austro-Hungarian Empire collapsed in 1918. In 1938, Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany. After the end of World War II, Austria was occupied by occupation forces of the USSR, USA, Great Britain and France for ten years. Only in 1955 did foreign troops leave Austria and it became a federal republic, uniting eight federal states and Vienna. Officially, the head of the Austrian Republic is the President. All executive power belongs to the government headed by Chancellor Wolfgang Schüssel. Austria is a member of the European Union. In 2002, the national currency - the shilling - was replaced by the euro.
Slide 17
Serbia.
The Republic of Serbia is a state in Central and South-Eastern Europe, occupying the central part of the Balkan Peninsula and the southern part of the Pannonian Lowland.
The capital of Serbia, Belgrade, is one of the oldest European cities, dating back to the 3rd century BC, when the Celts founded their settlement of Singidunum at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers.
Serbs and Montenegrins, although two branches of the same ethnic group, differ markedly from each other in character and attitude. The tragic fate of the Balkan land, which from time immemorial served as a bait for all kinds of aggressors and occupiers, left an indelible mark on the character of these peoples, which is easily traced even today.
Sights of Serbia. The place where Belgrade came from, Belgrade Fortress occupies the top of a 125-meter hill at the confluence of the Sava and Danube. The territory inside the fortress walls is divided into two parts - the Lower and Upper Town.
The main temple of the Serbian Orthodox Church and the largest church in the Balkans, St. Sava's Cathedral is located in Belgrade's historic Vracar district.
The Tower of Skulls of Čele Kula is a scary landmark located in the eastern part of Niš. It is a tower made mostly of human skulls.
Under the romantic name “House of Flowers” lies, as one might assume, not a botanical park or a masterpiece of landscape design. The raison d’etre of the building is the mausoleum of the former ruler of Yugoslavia, the odious Josip Broz Tito, about whose name many copies have been broken.
The work was completed by 7th grade student Diana Selivanova.
1 slide
This mysterious country ROMANIA Lyceum No. 100 5 "G" class
2 slide
Romania is a country located in the south of central Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula. Geographical location and state symbols of Romania.
3 slide
2/3 of the country is occupied by mountains: the center and north - the Eastern and Southern Carpathians (the highest point is Mount Moddoveanu, 2544 m), the Transylvanian plateau; west - Western Romanian Mountains; southeast - Dobrudzha plateau. The mountains are bordered by a semi-ring of plains: from the south - the Lower Danube, from the west - the outskirts of the Middle Danube (Pannonian), from the east - the low Moldavian Upland. The main waterway of Romania is the Danube River with its tributaries Jiu, Olt, Siret, Prut. The capital of the country is the city of Bucharest. According to the constitution, Romania is a democratic republic. The head of state is the President.
4 slide
The population of Romania is now approximately 23 million people. The country is home to Romanians, Hungarians, Gypsies, Ukrainians, Germans, Russians, Turks, Crimean Tatars, Serbs, and Slovaks. 86.8% of the population are parishioners of the Romanian Orthodox Church, 7.5% are Protestants, 4.7% are Catholics, 0.9% are others (mostly Muslims).
5 slide
Middle Ages and modern times. There are many unique historical and cultural monuments on the territory of Romania. These are palaces and castles, monasteries of extraordinary beauty, churches and temples, natural reserves. Almost all the cities of Romania are ancient settlements that go back centuries and have priceless architectural monuments. Each of them has its own legend and is surrounded by an aura of mystery.
6 slide
7 slide
The cities of Transylvania are very similar to the cities of medieval Germany or Hungary. Orthodox monasteries in Moldavia and Bukovina are a tribute to the Byzantine style. Western Romania bears the imprint of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, while Constanta is a city in the Roman and Ottoman spirit.
8 slide
Slide 9
And, of course, the hallmark of Romania is the famous castles of Transylvania - Bran, Peles and others, with which the history of the country and the legend of Count Dracula are connected.
10 slide
Peles Castle The castle was founded in 1873 by order of King Carol I of Romania. The castle is surrounded by 7 terraces, has a central tower 66 meters high and includes 160 rooms with valuable collections of works of art, weapons and furniture.
11 slide
12 slide
The collection of weapons located in the castle includes more than 4,000 European and Oriental samples of the 15th-19th centuries, which have artistic, historical and documentary value. In addition, Peles Castle houses an extremely valuable collection of German equipment from the 17th century, as well as the only collection of Maximilian equipment for horses and knights in Romania.