To understand and comprehend the secrets of successful fishing, a fisherman’s knowledge must be versatile. You need to be an observant person, passionate, and at the same time self-possessed, collected and resilient. In addition to the scrupulous preparation of expensive or not so expensive fishing rods, branded spinning rods, bait, live bait, feeding, in a word, fishing gear, you will need basic knowledge, if not an ichthyologist, then at least a naturalist.

You will have to understand what atmospheric pressure is, water temperature, current, direction and strength of wind, degree of lightness and humidity, precipitation, period of year, day, etc. And how these natural factors affect the amount of your catch! It will not be superfluous to arm yourself with knowledge about the lifestyle, habitat, habits and preferences of the fish you are interested in, with the help of literature and the Internet.

Spring is the time when all the nature around comes to life, so for fish this is the time of Renaissance. Some are waking up after hibernation, others are already actively searching for food and a favorable place for spawning. Moreover, sometimes fish make spawning migrations, covering tens, hundreds, thousands of kilometers, because each type of fish requires individual factors for reproduction, such as the level of bottling, water temperature, its flow and transparency. The spawning period usually occurs in early spring!

Every angler must keep in mind that during the spawning period, recreational fishing is permitted only from the shore, within populated areas, with a float rod, or spinning rod, and not in spawning areas.

How to catch

But May, according to avid fishermen, is the most favorable time for fishing! This is due to the fact that the water, having warmed up sufficiently, promotes the growth of bottom vegetation, the day increases and the fish begin their “post-spawning” meal. This is a good time to go pike fishing. It is found in clean and fast waters, instantly reacts to temperature, and is caught with a medium-length spinning rod, preferring metal spoons or small “lifeless” fish as bait.

When going for carp, arm yourself with a fishing rod or spinning rod; half-raw potatoes, cut into cubes, are suitable for bait. When fishing for pike perch in May, a dark-colored “vibrotail” bait with silver scales or a “wobbler” is suitable. You will need a medium spinning rod with a soft tip and shallow water. Catfish is a nocturnal fish; in May, it moves from wintering pits to shallow water and, like its nocturnal competitor, the owl, loves mice; even a toy fish will do as bait.

Have you caught pike with caddis? And you won't catch it! Fish are caught using various baits. These baits can be natural or artificial. It is only important that for the fish they seem already familiar and tried. For example, we catch gudgeons using caddis flies. This is a bait familiar and adored by minnows. He catches it well. Try catching a pike with a caddis fly!

Pike is a predator and is accustomed to eating fish. So they catch it with live bait or its imitation - a spinner. For grayling, insects are a completely natural food. So they catch him with an artificial fly. Crucian carp will never be caught with live bait. This is unnatural food for him. He eats a worm better.

About gear and methods of fishing

According to the bait and habitat of the fish, gear for catching it is selected. There are many tackles, devices and methods of fishing in the world. Somewhere people are forced to use any gear and devices just to catch fish and not go hungry. Some fishing methods are prohibited in some countries. In other countries, these fishing methods are considered the norm.

We, on the other hand, consider fishing in civilized countries, where it is more of a hobby rather than a source of food. And naturally, such fishing methods as fishing with nets, snouts, slaughtering fish with harpoons, lances and spears, and the like are considered poaching in many countries.

I was recently in the Altai Territory. At the forest museum in the village of Kolyvan, they told me an interesting story. It turns out that back in the middle of the last century the Belaya River was full of sturgeon. And now he's gone. And do you know why? The answer was right there, in the museum. On the stand hung a trident, which, as the guide explained, was used to catch these sturgeons. Since the sturgeon becomes sexually mature at the age of seven, and all the large fish were killed, it was not able to reproduce. He did not reach puberty! And now there are no sturgeon in the Belaya River.

In recent times, when cheap Chinese networks were brought to our country in unlimited quantities, many began to use them. And at the same time, they didn’t think much about fish and ponds. If only I felt good! The result was immediate. In many reservoirs and ponds, fish have almost disappeared. She was simply caught. There is no fishing! What to catch if there are no fish?

Therefore, when choosing a fishing method and gear, be sure to think about what I described above. Well, for those who are just starting to fish and sometimes don’t know how to catch this or that fish, I will give the most common fishing gear.

What gear to fish with

The table shows what fish are usually caught and with what gear. You can experiment, invent, try. Maybe you will find a new tackle for catching some fish.

This table is not dogma. You can be guided by it. It can and should be supplemented. Good luck to you! No tail, no scales.

08/04/2013 | Secrets of an experienced fisherman: How to catch fish

A real fisherman is not the one who caught a lot of fish, but the one who convincingly proved that there was no way to catch a fish this time.
(Catchphrase)

Otherwise, every fishing trip would be like going to a fish store and over time we would get bored. There are a number of features of fish that have been most likely proven by scientists during experiments and by fishermen during fishing trips. These qualities are suitable for almost all the fish that we catch in our country, with the only difference being that in some cases fish need to be divided into three classes: peaceful, predatory and moderately predatory (for example, ide, asp, chub, etc. ).

Types of fish and their behavior

So, what do we know about fish, and how can it be useful to us? Ichthyologists have certainly proven that fish have a number of complex reflexes and, in a sense, are “smart,” as fishermen believe. This “intelligence” is inherited, and it becomes clear why European fish, which have more experience communicating with fishermen, are more “smart” than, say, Siberian ones. Fish are quite easy to tame and can regularly come to feed, they respond to knocking, and with special low-frequency vibrations they can be lured to the same place. With age, fish “get smarter”; they have more skills and reflexes. Therefore, juvenile fish always behave more fearlessly, while large and experienced fish feed less often, spend their energy sparingly and behave more carefully, so as not to become prey to other, larger fish.

The vision of all fish in general is significantly inferior to that of humans, but fish have more developed contrast vision. This means that fish are good at distinguishing objects that blend into the background. It is for this reason that fish are able to discern the silhouette of a fisherman on the shore of a reservoir. But fish distinguish colors and their shades much worse than people. Therefore, it almost doesn’t matter what color clothes you’re wearing on the shore; seeing your silhouette is enough for her to be wary or immediately hide. Therefore, it is not necessary to dress in white to pass for a cloud in the sky, or in green to pretend to be a tree. All you need to do to avoid being seen by the fish is to hide behind the grass or bushes. Fishermen standing in the water or in a boat are much less afraid of fish.

It has also been proven that fish are attracted to a wide variety of objects while moving: rays of light, moving and stationary objects. The fish have developed a reaction during movement with greater sensitivity to perceive the smallest vibrations in the water. If this happens on a river, then they, having caught streams of water with less current strength, are displaced into these streams and, having swum to one underwater object, begin to move to another. This way they save energy and at the same time find shelter for themselves. Scientists call this a rheoreaction. In stagnant bodies of water, fish are also able to pick up various vibrations in the water, which, like an echo, travel through the water and transmit information to the fish about the presence of certain water bodies. Fish move, stopping near grass or snags, hiding in uneven bottoms, and walking in corridors between underwater vegetation. Only small things are spinning in open water near the shore or near the surface.

Fish trails

Moreover, most often, fish living in a certain area of ​​​​a reservoir do not move anyhow, but along some of their own “paths”. This fact has been proven many times by fishermen, and we know for sure that in a section of a reservoir with the same depth and bottom topography there are always “spots” where the fish bite better. Most likely, this is due to the presence of some kind of underwater plant, driftwood or stone, but more often - with the presence of that very fish trail. I was convinced of this many times when I found this very trail and caught crucian carp well. But as soon as the fishing rod was cast just a meter from the catching point, the number of bites decreased sharply, and sometimes the bites stopped altogether.

Scientific experiments also revealed that dark objects are more interesting to fish than light ones. In some reservoirs this rule works 100 percent, and, for example, fish are much better caught on red or black hooks. Moreover, this even applies to jigs, for which, it would seem, the color of the hook should not matter. Fishermen came to this conclusion experimentally, and most jigs are also painted in dark and even black colors. But it’s very rare to find dark hooks on jigs, so you either paint the hooks yourself or make jigs with dark hooks. The black color rule applies to most imitations of various underwater insects, and therefore “devils”, “witches” and most mothless jigs are black. As for simulating small fish with spoons and wobblers, in this case a completely different rule works, and therefore all these spinning baits either copy the color of the fish, or provoke the fish to bite with their provocative coloring and other characteristics.

The fact that dark objects attract fish is used, for example, by herons. The birds stand motionless in the water, and the fish instinctively gather around their feet and inevitably become prey for the heron. It has been proven that dark objects placed both in the water and on the surface of the water (for example, balls) can attract fish just as well as bait. Moreover, fish see surface objects even better. So, when fishing, pay attention to this fact.

They argue about tastes, fish - for sure

More than once in my youth I was surprised by fishermen who caught crucian carp or ide and claimed that they should be caught only with the largest worms. Reasoning logically, I understood that such large worms do not and cannot exist under water, and fish are accustomed to eating insects and worms of very small sizes. The experience of many fishermen and ichthyologists has proven me right. When catching peaceful fish, the bait and attachment should not be large (the exception is when small things prevail, and it is not a fact that this helps). As a rule, all peaceful fish do not swallow bait like predators, but rather suck it in. If they don’t like something about the bait, they immediately spit it out, and most often they fail to react to such a bite. A small nozzle (or rather, an ordinary one in size) will be swallowed sooner and more accurately. Moreover, the suction of the bait occurs during active biting, but it very often happens that the fish only lightly pinch the bait, which is why it is not only impossible to hook a fish, but such a worn-out bait has to be constantly changed. In such cases, you need to reduce the size of the hook and attach a very small piece of bait. If the size of the hook matches the fish, the sting also does not have to be hidden in the body of the bait or bait. Of course, this rule does not work for predatory fish - it is common for them to feed on large prey.

We smoothly approached the main trump cards of the fish. Most fish have an extremely developed sense of smell and touch, especially peaceful fish. The organs of smell and touch in fish can be located in various parts of the body, but most often they are found on the skin and antennae. Experiments were conducted and it was found that fish smell bloodworm extract in a ratio of one to a trillion. How much is this in real liters? Approximately one drop per 50 million liters of water. Of course, not all fish have such a sense of smell, but in general, this one does. During experiments it was proven that fish are more attracted to a weak smell. Therefore, 1-2 drops of extract for all the bait you mixed is more than enough. Just like delicious smells that can lure, there are smells that can scare away fish. Extracts with the smell of swimming beetles and other aquatic bugs were specially prepared, and it turned out that these smells repel roaches and crucian carp. It is clear why these fish are afraid of these insects - I have had the opportunity to remove live bait from the girders, which were eaten by swimming beetles by almost a third during the night.

And the fish have Morse code

Fish have a very strong sensitivity to electrical and seismic vibrations. Again, it has been experimentally proven that a pike living in an aquarium standing on a concrete floor picks up a signal from a match falling from a three-meter height (!). Fish react in the same way to earthquakes and thunder and lightning strikes. So the fish probably “hears” our stomping along the shore. Unlike humans, fish hear through the vibrations of water. In cyprinids, acoustic vibrations are transmitted through the swim bladder to the inner ear. The fish also detects water vibrations with other organs: the lateral line, nerve endings and balance organs. Thanks to all these organs taken together, coupled with vision, the fish can perfectly navigate in the water and move in a school as a single organism, while performing such coordinated maneuvers that you are simply amazed.

But not only do fish hear signals from other objects, they are also capable of creating electrical, chemical and acoustic signals themselves. Thus, they communicate at a primitive level and give each other signals of danger or the presence of food.

Well, and “for starters” the most difficult thing remains - this is the behavior of each fish individually: its characteristics and fishing tricks. Of course, we will not develop this topic, since this question in itself is worthy of several volumes of books, but there is no need to be afraid of the volume of information, because the vast majority of fishermen do not fish for all types of fish in a row, but prefer to catch certain species of their favorites. tackle using usual fishing methods.

Reservoir and search for the best place

Probably the most painful question for an angler is to identify a body of water where he can conduct his next fishing trip. After all, the type of fish, its size, its bite, and sometimes just a pleasant pastime directly depend on the reservoir, but in this case we are less interested in it. They choose a body of water based on their knowledge and information received from a variety of sources: the Internet, friends and acquaintances, and local residents. Many fishermen consider the choice of a body of water to be the main and decisive factor in the success of fishing, since the wildest body of water is often replete with not only large, but also “hungry” fish, which will forgive you all your shortcomings: bad gear and little experience. Sometimes this happens, and indeed, anglers do a great job of fishing in distant taiga reservoirs, but even in the fishing reservoir itself there are days when the fish stop biting. I myself have found myself in such situations more than once, and it was not always possible to “get away from zero.”

From personal experience and the experience of other fishermen, I know that no matter what natural disasters may occur, there will always be a fish and a treasured place on the reservoir that at least minimally satisfies the desires of the fisherman. But how can you find this “cool” place on a pond? Many fishermen, especially local residents, who fish on the same lake year after year, study the habits and lifestyle of some fish so thoroughly that they almost without fail go fishing at the right time and in a proven place, and almost always return with a catch. I have observed this picture many times when village men, upon meeting, for some reason looking at the sky, agree with each other: “It’s still early, but in a week it’s time”... And most often they turn out to be right.

Of course, you need to look for a fishing spot in a pond based on the type of fish and fishing method. Spinners are looking for one fish, and floaters are looking for something completely different. Anglers on a boat are always in a better position, or even better - on a boat with a motor and, in addition, an echo sounder. Having such an arsenal, it is not so difficult, especially in a relatively small and enclosed body of water (lake), to find fish. But what if you don’t have any fishing equipment? Start with the fact that fish are not evenly distributed throughout the pond. If you swim along the river with an echo sounder, you will find the greatest concentration of fish in the holes (the echo sounder will beep continuously). A considerable part of the fish lives in rivers and near the shore, especially in snags, creeks and various creeks. And although it is not always possible to get to such places by boat with an echo sounder, I assure you, there are fish there.

Another principle almost always works when searching for fish: fish must be looked for in prominent places in the reservoir. What are these places? In a shallow lake there are holes and exits from holes, in a deep reservoir there are shallows (especially not coastal, but underwater hills and “banks” far from the shore are especially good), also pay attention not only to the vertical, but also to the horizontal relief of the reservoir: breaks in the coastal lines, bays, mouths of streams and rivulets. And the third sign is various vegetation: grass, overhanging trees or snags sticking out of the water. The most inconvenient from the point of view of finding fish are some lakes with an almost flat bottom, gradually descending from the shore to the center of the reservoir.

Circumstances vary

But, in addition to the above “relief” principles, the distribution of fish throughout a reservoir also depends on many other circumstances. If you try to take into account all the reasons, then, to the surprise of many, there will be so many of them that your head will spin.

Features of the behavior of a particular type of fish. It would be wrong to look for perch in thickets of grass, and catch crucian carp in the current. Having studied the habits of a fish, you can make accurate assumptions about where a given fish can be and where it cannot be at all. With experience and practice you will realize that this is 99% true. We leave one percent for a miracle, which sometimes happens.

Fish size. Large fish are more careful, and it would be more logical to look for, say, a large pike in holes, at the exits from holes, and remember that only in the morning or late evening does this fish leave its usual places and go to smaller ones. Of course, there are exceptions, but they happen very rarely: that’s why they are exceptions. A common example, namely trolling for pike, proves the clear dependence of catching large fish on depth. Any troller will tell you this. Most often, medium-sized pike are caught along the shallow shore and at medium depths, while serious trophy specimens are periodically caught in pits, exits from pits, or when fishing around the perimeter of the pit. It happened, and quite often, to catch pike weighing 5-8 kg in thickets of coastal grass and in water lilies. But, as a rule, this happened in cases where the water depth in these places was at least 1.5-2 meters. Towards the end of summer, as the water level drops, large pike leave these places.

Fish nutrition. The fish changes its stopping places depending on the food item. Pike likes to lie in ambush, and you need to look for it where it is most convenient for it to attack from an ambush. Therefore, you need to throw the bait into clean corridors (“windows”) of grass, do wiring along the grass or snags, etc. Small pike like to stand almost right next to the shore. Perch often follows schools of small fish, and you can track them by the “perch fight” and seagulls hovering over a school of small fish.

Peaceful fish also move around the reservoir in search of food. In the spring, when the water floods, the fish first feed on the flooded meadows, where there is more food, the water is warmer and there is no current; When rivers enter the banks, for the same reasons, fish stay near the shores, where there are more insects falling into the water and shoots of underwater vegetation. The closer to autumn, the fish move deeper and deeper, because all the food begins to concentrate in the holes and in the kinks of the bottom. Of course, in the fall and winter, fish make forays into the shallows, but every fish instinctively fears all kinds of enemies, and such forays are short-lived. In order to understand where to look for a particular fish, you need to find out what it prefers to eat during a given period of the year (sometimes even the time of day matters). For example, an ide can be caught on a worm in the morning, on a horsefly in the afternoon, and in the evening feed on fry.

Nature has different “weathers”

Seasonality - we gradually approached this factor. Cycles of fish activity are associated with the change of seasons, including changes in where fish stay in the reservoir. In the spring, before spawning, on the last ice, the fish actively feeds, and the closer spring is and the thinner the ice, the better the bite. With the appearance of the first banks, fish rush from large rivers into small tributaries and begin to spawn. In lakes, fish spawn most often in shallows, in flooded hummocks, where the water is warmer. The last to spawn are the most heat-loving fish: crucian carp, tench, etc. After spawning, the fish comes to its senses within 1-2 weeks and gradually begins to “peck”. Summer is coming - the best time to catch all our fish (with the exception of burbot). But no matter how much we would like to stretch out the summer, autumn comes in due time. Heat-loving fish species are active only in the warm season, and as the weather gets colder, their bite becomes worse and worse. In winter, these fish go to pits or bury themselves in mud. Some types of fish hibernate, while others go into a somnambulistic state. Those fish species that remain active in winter are also caught quite unevenly throughout the winter. And winter is usually divided into three periods: first ice, deep winter and last ice.

It may seem to some that seasonality is such a well-known concept that everyone will guess that there will be no bite during spawning, but in the dead of winter you can not go fishing, but wait for a good bite on the last ice. There is, of course, some truth in this, but knowing about seasonality is only half the battle. Every year, depending on weather conditions, an experienced fisherman calculates the approximate timing of the onset of a particular period, for example, first ice, and is the first to get to this “celebration of life.” And there are many such examples. And if fishing is not possible in your area at a given time, you can always go to the north or south of our country. Moreover, such movements 300-400 km from the point of your regular fishing trips take you to other weather conditions and other seasons. Thus, you can shorten or lengthen this or that season. By moving north, we lengthen the period of last ice, and after that, moving south, we begin fishing in open water.

Water level

The water level affects the bite most directly, and is sometimes a decisive factor. The water level depends not only on the spring, and sometimes on the autumn flood, but also on heavy rains, the release of water from the reservoir, etc. As the water level on mountain rivers rises, the current becomes very strong, the water becomes cloudy before our eyes, and until the end of this flood, fishing is extremely difficult. Approximately the same thing happens on lowland rivers and lakes. During this period, fish are forced to change their mooring sites, change their behavior pattern and even their food supply, and therefore are inactive for some time. As the water level drops, the bite begins to gradually improve. In general, a gradual drop in water always has a stable effect on the bite.

How can an angler use a particular water level? Here is one example: fish instinctively know a certain water level at which, after a flood, they need to begin sliding from flooded meadows and from small rivers to large rivers. I regularly made such observations, and I must say that fish are distinguished by almost perfect scrupulousness. With an accuracy of 5 cm, you can predict the level when a particular fish will begin to slide. For example, I knew at what water level the ide begins to roll down from one small river to a large river. Such a move lasts only one, maximum two days, but if you get on this move, you can catch an ide, which I successfully did. Many fishing cooperatives have exactly the same experience; they know at what water level and what kind of fish can be caught in maximum quantities.

Of course, all this data on fishing in each reservoir needs to be remembered, or better yet, written down. Each body of water has its own biological clock. Therefore, if you go fishing in several reservoirs from year to year, try to keep records and record the following data.

• Date of.
• Water level.
• Fishing place.
• Weather.
• Tackle (lures or bait).
• Catch.
• Notes

As a child and teenager, I kept such notes, and it helped me a lot. Over time, he stopped taking notes, because he could already determine the water level and other characteristics by looking at familiar bodies of water. But over time and with frequent changes of fishing spots, I had to start keeping a diary again. I recommend it to everyone - this is a very, very useful thing that allows you to increase the efficiency of your trips several times.

Perhaps the last thing that can seriously affect the search for a good fishing spot in a reservoir is weather changes. But this is a big topic for a separate and very long conversation. We'll talk more about the weather and other factors influencing the bite next time.

Konstantin Fadeev

From this article you will learn how to fish with a spinning rod correctly; it is primarily intended for beginner fishermen who are just starting to get involved in this type of fishing. The main purpose of the article is to show how to properly fish with a spinning rod. When learning to fish, you are doing it solely for yourself, so buying a diploma is absolutely not necessary to show off your skills to friends and acquaintances.

But later you will be able to brag about your catch. Firstly, when you start fishing, you need to know how to cast a spinning rod correctly. Casting the bait must be done from the side, vertically or in a pendulum manner. Side and vertical casting is done in order to throw the bait as far as possible, and pendulum casting is done at a short distance, where filigree precision is needed when casting.

Jig fishing

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Probably not the easiest way is jig fishing. To do this, use a special lead head with a silicone bait mounted on a tee hook. The bait is thrown into the water and they try to move it in small jumps along the bottom of the reservoir. That is, we cast, wait until it sinks to the bottom, make a few turns of the reel handle, and again wait until the bait sinks to the bottom or gets to the fish. The weight of the bait should be such that when it falls, the pause is not too long or even insignificant.

Fishing with wobblers

How to increase your fish catch?

• Promotion gear sensitivity.

The bottom of the reservoir is not always level, sometimes there are holes, channel edges, and snags where the coveted fish can be found, and for newbie spinning anglers this will be difficult fishing, since in such conditions they can completely lose all their baits and be left with nothing. This is why it is worth fishing with wobblers. For example, if you are fishing for pike in the grass, surface wobblers can be used as poppers.

This type of fishing is interesting because everything happens in front of the fisherman’s eyes. The main task is to make the wobbler move jerkily and create a squelching or gurgling sound that reminds predators of prey. You jerk the tip of the rod, pick up the slack in the line, and then hook and everything is as usual. Fishing with wobblers should be carried out in calm, windless weather.

Spinner fishing

When fishing with spinners, the tactics used are the same as with wobblers: cast the spoon, jerk it almost to your feet, where the bite occurs. The bait should be cast along the grass, and choose not very deep places. Pike and perch swim in such places and will definitely not miss your bait.

As for choosing a place for fishing, everything is simpler here, just walk along the river and make fan casts in places where there is a good approach to the river. Don’t forget about places with grass, reeds, trees, snags where predators make their ambushes. If there is a bite, then stay in the same place, etc. This is all that a novice spinning angler should know.

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Spinning is called sports equipment for fishing using artificial or natural bait. This word comes from the English “spin” - to rotate. This tackle is a fishing rod that has guide rings and a mount for a reel on which the fishing line is wound.

• How to choose a spinning rod? ↓
• Main selection criteria ↓
• Spinning equipment ↓
• When, where and what kind of fish are caught? ↓
• Pike ↓
• Sudak ↓
• Perch ↓
• Chub ↓
• How to fish with a spinning rod? ↓
• Tips and common mistakes ↓

Used for catching predatory fish.

The use of this type of gear, compared to float gear, requires very intense and active behavior from the fisherman. The spinning angler is required to constantly search and test different baits, “fish” in several areas, and experiment with retrieving methods (fast, slow, even, or using jerks).

The main problem that a spinning rod solves is the ability to throw bait to the desired point in a river or lake.

When choosing fishing accessories, you need to remember that there is no universal spinning rod. Some rods are given the term “universal”, however, specialized ones have always been considered more convenient.

When choosing this type of fishing tackle, you should strive to ensure that the spinning rod is:

1. High quality, and not any kind of falsification. You should buy it from a good, trustworthy store. Its price cannot be cheap.
2. Easy. If the weight of a product exceeds three hundred grams, it is not very convenient to use, its characteristics become worse.
3. Comfortable. The rod should fit comfortably in your hand. You should install the reel right in the store and see what the weight distribution will be and how convenient it is to control. There you should also evaluate how high-quality the rod handle is.
4. Required size. When used on a small river, the length of the rod can be about two meters. Long casts and jigging are best done when the length is more than 2.7 meters. A length of 2.4 to 2.6 meters is considered universal.
5. With good sensitivity. The better the sensitivity of the rod, the more convenient it is to fish.
6. With the right test. It is better to choose a product that has a wider test for the lower weight range, for example, 5-25 grams. In this case, you can experiment with different baits, learn to exercise proper control over them, and use tackle when fishing in a variety of situations.
7. With the right structure. Many people prefer gear with a fast action for beginners. Although this limits the weight of the bait and prey, it allows for much more effective control of the bait.

The shorter the length, the shorter the casting distance. At the same time, the shorter the spinning rod, the more sensitive it is and the more convenient it is to use.

Thus, when choosing a spinning rod, the following can be highlighted as the main criteria:

• length;
• material;
• system;
• test and power;
• type of rings;
• specifics of fastening the reel and handle;
• type or type of structure;

The length can vary from one and a half to four meters. Everything will depend on the specifics of fishing and the possibility of using the boat.

For long casts, fishing in strong currents and significant depths, the use of a heavy spoon is required. It is necessary to ensure that the weight of the bait matches the weight of the rod.

The test refers to the range of attachment weights that can be used for a particular model. A test of 7 - 30 grams will mean that the smallest mass of the bait that can be felt when casting will be 7 grams.

The maximum upper level is 30 grams. With a heavier bait, the tackle may fail.

Usually the classification of fishing rods is as follows:

1. Heavy class, with bait weight from fifteen to sixty grams.
2. Middle class, from seven to thirty.
3. Easy class, from three to fifteen.
4. Ultra-light, from one to seven grams.

The power of the spinning rod determines the size of the fishing line used. A fishing line that is too strong can lead to the rod breaking in the event of a sharp hook or snag.

Action is understood as a characteristic of a spinning rod that affects the short-term response when the load increases.

Fast action makes the spinning rod more sensitive. Recently, the plug rod has been gradually replacing the telescopic rod, surpassing it in all characteristics.

Fishing rods are distinguished by their structure:

• slow;
• average;
• fast;
• superfast;

It is determined by the bend of the rod under load. Slow action allows the rod to bend equally over its entire length in the form of a parabola. With a fast system, only the upper section is bent.

The action is influenced by the geometry of the whip and the rigidity of the materials used. Fast action is ensured by large taper values ​​and wall thicknesses, as well as increased material rigidity.

The advantages of slow construction include:

1. Improved shock absorption when fishing for prey.
2. Reduced sharpness when casting, which helps baitfish survive.
3. Improving the throwing distance indicator.

Of the materials used for the manufacture of fishing rods: fiberglass and carbon fiber (carbon), the latter is preferred in many respects.

Bypass rings can be ceramic, silicon carbide and aluminum oxide. Silicon carbide rings are the most reliable.

Spinning equipment

Light class spinning rod

The most optimal for a beginner would be a light-class spinning rod, which allows you to feel the bite well and use a large number of different baits.

1. We choose a reel that should be in harmony with the fishing rod. A reel with a small or medium size is suitable for the light class. The smallest reel is considered to be 1000, which can hold a hundred meters of fishing line with a diameter equal to one tenth of a millimeter. The 2000 reel includes the same number of meters of fishing line with a diameter of two tenths of a millimeter. The reel should lay the line well. Winding can be in the form of a reverse or straight cone or cylindrical.
2. Choosing a fishing line. It is better to take a soft monofilament line, which is best placed on a bobbin. It does not form grooves and curls less. At the same time, with hard braid, you can more accurately control the wiring, and the bite will be more sensitive.
3. Select a fastener for the end of the fishing line. When using monofilament, the fastener at the end of the fishing line must have a swivel. When braiding, a swivel is not needed because it will not twist much.
4. We choose a leash that should have good strength so that it cannot be bitten.
5. We choose bait. For example, wobblers, silicone baits, depending on the fish being caught.

Definition

Fishing is an ancient craft. Archaeologists have found tools for this craft that are 30 thousand years old. Compared to those times, today there are a lot of technologies and devices that make the process of fishing easier, more comfortable and more efficient. There are many manuals for both amateurs and professionals, as well as a significant number of thematic clubs and specialized stores.

How to increase your fish catch?

Over 7 years of active fishing, I have found dozens of ways to improve the bite. Here are the most effective ones:

• Bite activator. This pheromone additive attracts fish most strongly in cold and warm water. Discussion of the bite activator “Hungry Fish”.
• Promotion gear sensitivity. Read the appropriate manuals for your specific type of gear.
• Pheromone-based lures.

Jig in the current

For effective jig fishing in the current, you will need the right gear, the choice of which depends on the strength of the current, the depth at the fishing site and the strength of the wind. For example, jig on a river with a medium flow requires the use of sinkers with a weight of 10-40 g and a step of 2 g. Incorrect equipment and incorrect weight of equipment are the main reasons why jig may be ineffective.

On small rivers with weak currents, jig fishing from the shore or from a boat can be equally effective. As for large rivers with medium and strong currents, in such conditions the prospects for fishing from the shore drop significantly.

Due to frequent hooks and limited fishing, it is much more convenient to fish on large and medium-sized rivers from a boat.

Tips for fishing with a jig in the current:

1. Use different jig weights in 2 gram increments
2. When retrieving, the pause while the bait falls should be 2-3 seconds.
3. The thinner the line, the less it will be carried downstream and the further the cast will be.
4. In strong currents, you need to avoid forming a large arc of the line, this will allow the bait to fall to the bottom faster.
5. Try to fish on the border between the main and reverse currents.

Where to fish

When fishing a deep hole with a jig, you should start from the entrance to it, going downstream 10-15 m. In such relatively small segments they reach the exit from the hole, but if the place is promising and bites have been observed, this section of the reservoir should be fished again along a different trajectory.

The direction of casting is downstream or at an acute angle to it. The smaller the angle, the easier it will be to control the movement of the bait.

Fishing rules

Everyone knows that over the past few decades, the ecological situation on Earth has only worsened, and some animal species have simply become extinct. The same goes for fish. Due to pollution of water bodies and indiscriminate fishing, beluga and sturgeon have practically disappeared from rivers, and the number of catfish, pike perch, pike and many others has decreased significantly.

Therefore, everyone, before taking a fishing rod and walking with it off the river bank, should learn how to fish correctly without breaking the law. In this regard, there are necessary criteria.

The main points of the fishing rules look like this:

• Free fishing for private purposes is allowed to everyone, on all bodies of water. In addition to nature reserves, corresponding nurseries and private reservoirs.
• Fishing is prohibited within 500 meters of dams, bridges or water locks. It is also not allowed to fish directly from such structures themselves.
• The catch during recreational fishing should not exceed 5 kg per person. This rule must be followed. Also, amateurs are not allowed to catch fish with nets or use sharp objects. The use of explosives or toxic substances is also prohibited.
• Fishing is permitted throughout the year. Restrictions and bans on fishing are introduced only during the spawning period. This is done in order to provide the fish with favorable conditions for reproduction. This ensures the maintenance of its numbers.

A fisherman who violates existing rules pays an appropriate fine.

Fishing in the river

Flowing water is rich in a variety of edible animals. But in order not to fail in this case, you need to be thoroughly prepared. It is necessary to know what the river chosen for this purpose is like. The fishing area should be studied thoroughly in order to know every bump on the bottom. You also need to prepare complementary food and know where it is best to fish.

You need to be careful when choosing gear. In this case, a large rod with dough weighing at least 50 grams is suitable. The reel should be selected based on the size of the potential catch, as well as the thickness of the line. It is better to choose a heavier load here.

On the lake

In this case there are also peculiarities. Fishing on a lake is fundamentally different from fishing on a river. These reservoirs have a different temperature regime due to the immobility of the waters. In summer, the abundance of the catch is greatly influenced by the weather. In any other season, a particularly good bite occurs 2-3 hours before bad weather.

Wind plays an equally important role on lakes. More precisely, its temperature and direction. The warm wind favors fishermen. Cold, on the contrary, can make fishing unsuccessful. Winds from the north or east are particularly unfavorable. Particularly in the summer.

Also, the behavior of fish depends on the size, shape, depth, type of coastline and other features of a particular body of water. In some lakes, even a light breeze creates a wave. In others, for example, located in a forest or among hilly areas, the water can stand for a long time without movement. This phenomenon is called temperature stratification. This is an important definition. It means the division of lake water into layers of different temperatures. And it is of great importance in the lives of the inhabitants of the lake.

If the layers are not mixed, the lower levels run out of air, which is needed by aquatic plants and other organisms located closer to the bottom. As they die, they release gas, which in some cases can poison fish. This is a negative factor.

If there are clear temperature boundaries in the lake, then the fish stays closer to the surface, so deep fishing may not bring results. This is important to know. In such cases, knowledgeable fishermen advise fishing with live bait. Such a bait will itself adhere to the required temperature layers.

You should know that in large standing bodies of water there are always small currents. As a result of this, fish often stay in those places where this phenomenon is more noticeable.

In winter, lakes become covered with ice much faster than rivers. That’s why you can start fishing earlier. To make winter fishing as effective and enjoyable as possible, you again need to thoroughly study the reservoir and the features of its regime in different seasons.

To have a rich, constant catch, you need to study the reservoir well and carefully monitor the weather. Only then will you have an idea of ​​where to fish. In case of failures, you can change the location of this fishery.

How to catch fish with your hands

How you can catch a fish without a fishing rod, namely with your hands, is theoretically known to many. This is the oldest method and it is sometimes very effective. In addition, it is very fun and interesting:

1. Find a suitable shallow reservoir with a depth of no more than 30-40 cm.
2. Go into it and stir up the water thoroughly (in such an environment it will be much more difficult for the fish to see anything).
3. Before the turbidity settles to the bottom and the water becomes clear, quickly start catching fish with your hands.

The object of fishing is very slippery, it will be difficult to catch and hold it in your hands, so you will have to squeeze the fish quite tightly.

You can successfully engage in this type of fishing in all bodies of water, especially in those where there is crucian carp, which likes to burrow into the silt and sit there as long as there is even the slightest threat to its safety. It is at this time that you need to catch him. It’s enough to just walk your palms through the silt and literally pick up the crucian carp with your bare hands.

How to fish at sea?

There are also many interesting points here. The sea is diverse and vast. It has always attracted tourists, travelers, and fishermen.

Only fishing in the sea is very different from this activity in fresh water. In this case, there are certain requirements.

Firstly, offering sea fish as bait something that their river relatives were good at biting on is absolutely wrong. In this case, an appropriate approach is required. After all, the local fish live in much more difficult conditions. There are many more predators here and the rule applies: “You eat it or they will do it to you.” You should know this. Most marine fish are predators. They are much more active and mobile than freshwater individuals.

A person who wants to try himself in this powerful element should first of all find out more about the fish he is going to catch. You also need to remember about the dangers that await a person: storms, etc.

Gear should be selected depending on the type of fish, weather and the place chosen for fishing. You can get a rich catch if you fish from the shore; it is also recommended to fish from a pier or boat. It is important to monitor the weather. Saltwater fish are very sensitive to the slightest changes. Therefore, you need to choose good weather for fishing. This way there will be no risk to life, and a rich catch is more likely.

Pit on the shore of a pond

How do the local population of many Asian countries fish, if not their favorite way is to dig holes connected to the shore of the reservoir. The process of catching fish without a fishing rod in this way is very simple and consists of three points:

Harpoon and sharp arrows

Even in ancient prehistoric times, spears and arrows were the main equipment for obtaining food. Today, not knowing how to catch fish without gear using other methods, the ancient ones are quite suitable.

The harpoon is used mainly by underwater hunters. Equipment for such a hobby must be of the highest level, because swimming underwater for several hours is not only tiring, but also dangerous, especially in autumn or winter. Firstly, you need a special sealed and very warm suit for spearfishing.

Such clothing should not allow the cold to pass through, must be light, strong, closely fit the fisherman’s entire body, and have high quality materials. Secondly, these are special high-quality and elongated fins for fast swimming. Thirdly, you need a diving snorkel or scuba gear, with which the hunter can stay under water for a long time in search of prey.

The harpoon itself is a special speargun for spearfishing. Today there are many types of harpoons, and their prices vary from hundreds of US dollars to several thousand conventional units. The main thing that should be in a harpoon is the presence of a reliable trigger mechanism made of high-quality metal and a solid handle that can withstand heavy loads and various types of impacts.

Those who have been involved in underwater fishing claim that this is one of the most interesting and exciting ways of fishing. The only disadvantage of such fishing is the high cost of equipment. In addition, you should be careful, because spearfishing is much more dangerous than fishing with a rod.

Fishing with a rod

Let's take a look at this process. Learning to fish with a fishing rod is quite simple. Although more complete success in this regard requires more than just skills. You should know well the fish that you plan to catch on a hook: its habits, spawning time, feeding. In this case, you should not neglect scientific encyclopedias. Everything, of course, will come with experience and observations. However, this will take a lot of time. The rod, hook, and line need to be chosen wisely.

- You should choose the right bait. In this case, you need to clearly know what you can use to catch fish of each type. This choice also depends on the season. For example, in the summer, fishing with a worm is considered not a very good idea. It is better to take bread, cereal or bloodworms with you.

— If the bottom of the reservoir is muddy, then you should carefully throw the hook with bait. After all, if it gets stuck in the mud, the fish won’t notice it.

— It is important to know where the fish stay. You also need to establish where it goes for feeding purposes.

— You should study the habits, habits and structural features of the fish in a particular body of water, as well as what, how and when it feeds. You should also know at what water temperature spawning occurs.

— In deciding how to fish with a fishing rod, knowledge of the reservoir itself is necessary. By the location of holes, stones, and snags, you can quite accurately determine where and what species lives.

— You should also know that there are summer and winter fishing rods. This is because different seasons require different baits and fishing methods. Progress does not stand still, so fishing tackle is becoming more convenient and practical.

In general, the behavior of the fisherman plays a very important role. Namely: sharp blows on the bottom of the boat, loud steps along the shore, sharp sounds - all this is not the best way to affect the efficiency of this process. How can you catch a fish if it swims away from the fishing spot, frightened by the noise? Therefore, in this case, silence is an important condition.

The fish usually reacts normally to a calm conversation on the shore. However, loud screams and sudden movements close to the shore will quickly leave the fishing spot. This is a reliable fact. In this case, the fisherman will be left with an empty bucket. Loud walking along the shore will have the same adverse effect on the catch as moving shadows near the float.

What you can use to catch fish, besides a fishing rod, is a plastic bottle. This method of fishing was invented relatively recently, but it has already become popular among children, for whom this is not only a method of catching a fish, but also an excellent way to have fun and laugh a lot. The instructions are very simple:

After about 1-2 hours, you can jerk the bottle ashore. Be sure to do this quickly so that the fish that swims in to eat the bait does not have time to swim out of the bottle. As a rule, this fishing method does not bring a huge catch, but patience is enough to catch 2-3 pieces. If you are very lucky, you can pull a dozen gobies or small crucian carp ashore.

It is not recommended to go fishing with several fishing rods at hand. This is unlikely to increase the chances of a bite. However, this will cause confusion. For example, when the float finally twitches, the fisherman may simply not understand which fishing rod to grab. In addition, in this case there is a high probability that the gear will get tangled.

For serious fishing, it is better to buy a boat. With it you can fish not only from the shore, but throughout the entire body of water. For some, this purchase may seem expensive and inconvenient (problems with transportation and storage). But this is a mistaken opinion. For example, inflatable boats are great for fishing. They are inexpensive and compact.

Butterfly net

As a child, everyone caught beautiful butterflies with a small net. But they can also catch not only insects, but also fish ranging from small bleak to kilogram pike. To begin with, take an ordinary medium net and select a suitable body of water (a narrow ditch is good). In rubber boots, so as not to injure your feet, walk along the groove with smooth, neat steps.

Usually pike, crucian carp, roach, loach, small silver bream and even catfish hide near bushes or under snags. They are very clearly visible. As soon as the object of fishing has been noticed, carefully lower the net into the water and smoothly bring it towards the prey. 20-30 cm from the fish, very sharply and quickly grab it with a net and lift it vertically into the air.

Fishing with an improvised donk

One of the oldest and most effective methods is donka fishing. We are not talking about professional gear, but about a simple fishing line with a diameter of 0.4-0.5 mm, a hook and the first metal nut that comes across. Having tied a weight - a nut and a hook of any size - to the end of the fishing line, you can go in search of prey, taking bait (bread, any bait of animal origin, or ordinary meat).

You shouldn’t count on huge catches, but you can catch enough sea goby, horse mackerel or regular perch. Children love to indulge in this way at sea, where minnows and gobies even bite on an empty hook sparkling in the water. Usually, after catching the first trophy, fishermen cut it into small pieces and string the pieces onto a hook. After this, the bite increases several times and you can return home with almost a bucket of fish.

Sea fishing with a spear

This method is quite ancient and was used by our ancestors thousands of years ago. A sharpened flat small stone or an iron point tied to a narrow light stick and a little strength in the hands is all that is needed for successful fishing on the seashore or small bays at high tide.

Catching fish in a lake or river this way is more difficult, even practically impossible, because the water there is cloudy and dirty, and the fish are hard to see. But you can be very successful in hunting sea creatures in a clear sea or ocean.

Of course, you need considerable skill and a huge supply of patience, because sometimes you have to wait a very long time until the fish becomes bolder and swims up. But then you can lunge with a spear and get the long-awaited trophy. Sometimes people use a sharp spear to catch sea fish weighing more than 10 kg.

Using unconventional fishing methods is very interesting and exciting. The emotions from such fishing cannot be expressed in words, and the adrenaline and impressions received will be remembered for a lifetime.

Several forgotten ways to lure and catch fish that our grandfathers used. Lures, attachments and lures that were once used for fishing are fishing tricks.

On the baked sand

A very interesting and effective bait (bait) is made from calcined sand.

To do this, sand was heated very strongly on a large baking sheet, then sunflower oil (natural, homemade) was added to it, and various natural flavors were added to the sand. They take parsley, mint, dill, hemp, oregano, anise, and so on and so forth.

Sand works for several days.

You can use a button to catch bream, silver carp, carp, and carp. A piece of bread crust or cake was tied as bait, and a round or oval button was tied a little higher on another fishing line or thread.

The trick is that the fish, having swallowed the bait, will swallow the button along with it. Since the button is inedible, the fish will spit it out through the gills rather than through the mouth.

Having emerged through the operculum, the button will hold the prey firmly enough in this simple trick. And now all that remains is to pull it ashore and cook the fish soup.

Porous clay bricks were boiled in a large pot in the courtyard of the house, and various aromatic herbs were added to the water (as with mint, hemp, anise, parsley, oregano, and so on).

As soon as the water boiled away, the herb was added again, water was added and again boiled for a long time, until the brick acquired a persistent smell of aromatic herbs. Then they delivered a hot brick and dipped it in sunflower oil. We used freshly squeezed homemade oil, where there is a smell of seeds.

Upon arrival at the fishing site, this so-called bait was thrown into the water where they were going to fish. The fish gathered near the deliciously smelling, herb-soaked brick, and the fishing rod was cast closer to the place where the brick lay.

Underwater wreath for fishing

In reservoirs where the bottom is pebbly or sandy and without reeds, mud and algae, in the spring, before spawning, pine wreaths are lowered to the bottom. They are made with a diameter of 2-3 meters from pine spruce branches, tied with ropes and a weight is tied so that the wreaths lie at the bottom.

When the fish come to spawn, they will spawn in these “nests” and naturally live here all summer, because their offspring are here and they need to be taken care of. And where there are ordinary fish, there are predators. So you need to catch them in this water area.

Forgotten baits of antiquity

Our grandfathers had equally effective baits, but of course no one knows about them anymore.

Here are a few:

Tail of a small crayfish– carp bites well at the end of summer.

Fresh squid and shrimp cut into strips– pike perch bite very well on them, even when there is not a single bite in the summer heat.

Ground raw into minced meat, fresh chicken or duck or turkey liver, frozen squid juice– a very attractive delicacy for pike perch and its relatives.

Entrails from freshly caught pike and thrown as bait - a huge chance to catch this predatory fish, since pikes do not recognize the smell of whose offal the water brings them.

Catching crayfish with a ring

But you can deceive crayfish even easier:

You need to attach a fishing line (strong thread or thin rope) to the end of the fishing rod, it can be an ordinary branch, rod or small stick, and to it a small ring of wire with a diameter of 5-7 centimeters. For a 99 percent result, attach a piece of raw lard to the ring, which has been left in the sun for several days to create a scent.

This device must be cast from a low but steep bank, preferably where there are snags or tree roots. You can attach something like a float for convenience. When the crayfish grabs the ring, you must pull slowly, without jerking, so as not to scare this underwater animal. Place the caught crayfish in a basket with fresh grass and.