Excursion around Kronstadt. The story of the fox's nose How the sun affects people

The history of Lisy Nos dates back to the 15th century, when on the site of the village there was the village of Lisichye on Koriny Nos. The word "korin" in Finnish means "reef" or "underwater rock". Over time, the word “korin” was lost and only the expression “Fox Nose” remained. There is a mention of this place in the Census salary book of the Novgorod Vodskaya Pyatina of 1500.

Under Catherine II, these lands were given to Count Orlov for private ownership. From 1844 to 1907, the count family of Stenbock-Fermor lived here. In 1905, the single estate was divided into separate plots for the purpose of selling them as summer cottages. This is how the villages of Olgino (in honor of A.V. Stenbock-Fermor’s wife Olga Platonovna), Vladimirovka (in honor of the owner; the central and coastal parts of the modern village of Lisiy Nos) and Aleksandrovskaya (in honor of the then owner of Lakhta Alexander Vladimirovich) arose. After the revolution, the name of the village of Vladimirovka and the Razdelnaya station were abolished, and the entire village began to be called Lisiy Nos.

Defensive structures

Under Peter I, a travel palace was built in Lisy Nos, surrounded by a park. This estate was called Srednie, or Old, Dubki and has not survived to this day. The successors of Peter I were more interested in the strategic position of the cape protruding deep into the Gulf of Finland. In 1808-1810, a continuous pile barrier was erected from it to Kronstadt, designed to protect St. Petersburg from penetration by the enemy fleet. This structure existed until 1844, and ten years later the construction of a weapons redoubt for 11 guns and a harbor began in Lisiy Nos. In 1921, Lisiy Nos became a springboard for Soviet troops marching to storm the rebellious Kronstadt. From here the artillery of the besiegers fired at the Kronstadt forts, and the local residents sat in the cellars in fear.

Railway

In June 1892, the project of the St. Petersburg - Sestroretsk railway with a length of 25 miles with branches was approved. The Razdelnaya station appeared in Lisiy Nos, so named because the rails were divided here. The main road went to Sestroretsk, and a three-kilometer branch went to the shore of the Gulf of Finland, to the harbor from which steamships went to Kronstadt. The development of transport infrastructure has led to the fact that Lisiy Nos began to be actively built up with dachas.

Temple in the name of the Holy Blessed Prince Vladimir

The beautiful temple in Lisye was built in 1908 on the initiative of the merchant A.I. Nefyodov. In 1937-1938, the temple was closed, but believers achieved the resumption of services, which did not stop even during the siege of Leningrad. Inside there are majestic stained glass windows, a round stove and large floor icons that were brought here by believers across the ice of the Gulf of Finland from Kronstadt after the destruction of St. Andrew's Cathedral.

Place of execution

During the revolution of 1905-1907, executions of revolutionaries were carried out in Lisy Nos (contemporaries called it the execution place of the revolution), and those executed were secretly buried here. By the way, at one time it was here that the Finnish sect of the Hikhulites settled, preaching the imminent end of the world and the imminent coming of the Antichrist.

Cottages, towers and public buildings

The main attractions of Fox Nose are the ancient dachas: made of wood and logs, with bizarre shapes, sharp spiers and turrets, carved shutters, they still amaze the eye with their former grandeur and beauty. By the way, among the summer residents there was also the Russian artist Ivan Shishkin, a big fan of these places. Now in Lisiy Nos there is a functioning public bathhouse with columns, as well as the former Chaika cinema.

After the revolutionary storms subsided, Lisiy Nos began to function as a fashionable resort. There were two theaters in Vladimirovka, and on the local beach there was a buffet where they rented umbrellas, sun loungers and even gramophones. In 1934, dachas were allocated in Lisy Nos for Lenfilm employees, among whom the Goluboi jazz orchestra was very popular.

Monument "Road of Courage"

Right next to the train station in Lisye there is a monument “Road of Courage”, dedicated to the besieged Leningrad and the famous Small Road of Life, which passed here during the Great Patriotic War. An armored train walked along an abandoned branch to the pier to Kronstadt, which fired at Finnish positions. With the help of the same pier, Kronstadt was supplied with ammunition and food. Naturally, as an important transport hub, Lisiy Nos was constantly exposed to attacks from Finnish artillery and German aviation. After the war, Lisiy Nos was classified as a workers' settlement, although in fact it continued to remain a dacha suburb. By the mid-1950s, 20 thousand people already lived here.

Soviet Disneyland project

Surprisingly, in the late 1980s, it was planned to build the first Soviet Disneyland here - a park with attractions, swimming pools, an aquarium, a zoo, a botanical garden, theaters with 850 and 450 seats, and a cinema with six halls with 300 seats each. Unfortunately, due to sabotage from the “democratic public,” this project was never implemented.

Beaches in the vicinity of Lisiy Nos

The sights of the village of Lisiy Nos are not only architecture, but also excellent beaches, which are highly valued by residents of St. Petersburg as a place to relax. There is the old Central Beach, which has a narrow strip of sand. The places here are not particularly cultivated, quite wild, but many Leningraders are happy to come here with tents or camping. Recently, a beach began to develop under the loud name Fox Beach. There are already bars, restaurants, and evening events: festivals and discos.

The history of Lisy Nos dates back to the 15th century, when on the site of the village there was the village of Lisichye on Koriny Nos. The word "korin" in Finnish means "reef" or "underwater rock". Over time, the word “korin” was lost and only the expression “Fox Nose” remained. There is a mention of this place in the Census salary book of the Novgorod Vodskaya Pyatina of 1500.

Under Catherine II, these lands were given to Count Orlov for private ownership. From 1844 to 1907, the count family of Stenbock-Fermor lived here. In 1905, the single estate was divided into separate plots for the purpose of selling them as summer cottages. This is how the villages of Olgino (in honor of A.V. Stenbock-Fermor’s wife Olga Platonovna), Vladimirovka (in honor of the owner; the central and coastal parts of the modern village of Lisiy Nos) and Aleksandrovskaya (in honor of the then owner of Lakhta Alexander Vladimirovich) arose. After the revolution, the name of the village of Vladimirovka and the Razdelnaya station were abolished, and the entire village began to be called Lisiy Nos.

Defensive structures

Under Peter I, a travel palace was built in Lisy Nos, surrounded by a park. This estate was called Srednie, or Old, Dubki and has not survived to this day. The successors of Peter I were more interested in the strategic position of the cape protruding deep into the Gulf of Finland. In 1808–1810, a continuous pile barrier was erected from it to Kronstadt, designed to protect St. Petersburg from penetration by the enemy fleet. This structure existed until 1844, and ten years later the construction of a weapons redoubt for 11 guns and a harbor began in Lisiy Nos. In 1921, Lisiy Nos became a springboard for Soviet troops marching to storm the rebellious Kronstadt. From here the artillery of the besiegers fired at the Kronstadt forts, and the local residents sat in the cellars in fear.

Railway

In June 1892, the project of the St. Petersburg - Sestroretsk railway with a length of 25 miles with branches was approved. The Razdelnaya station appeared in Lisiy Nos, so named because the rails were divided here. The main road went to Sestroretsk, and a three-kilometer branch went to the shore of the Gulf of Finland, to the harbor from which steamships went to Kronstadt. The development of transport infrastructure has led to the fact that Lisiy Nos began to be actively built up with dachas.

Temple in the name of the Holy Blessed Prince Vladimir

The beautiful temple in Lisye was built in 1908 on the initiative of the merchant A.I. Nefyodov. In 1937–1938, the temple was closed, but believers achieved the resumption of services, which did not stop even during the siege of Leningrad. Inside there are majestic stained glass windows, a round stove and large floor icons that were brought here by believers across the ice of the Gulf of Finland from Kronstadt after the destruction of St. Andrew's Cathedral.

Place of execution

During the revolution of 1905–1907, executions of revolutionaries were carried out in Lisiy Nos (contemporaries called it the execution place of the revolution), and those executed were secretly buried here. By the way, at one time it was here that the Finnish sect of the Hikhulites settled, preaching the imminent end of the world and the imminent coming of the Antichrist.

Cottages, towers and public buildings

The main attractions of Fox Nose are the ancient dachas: made of wood and logs, with bizarre shapes, sharp spiers and turrets, carved shutters, they still amaze the eye with their former grandeur and beauty. By the way, among the summer residents there was also a Russian artist Ivan Shishkin - a big fan of these places. Now in Lisiy Nos there is a functioning public bathhouse with columns, as well as the former Chaika cinema.

After the revolutionary storms subsided, Lisiy Nos began to function as a fashionable resort. There were two theaters in Vladimirovka, and on the local beach there was a buffet where they rented umbrellas, sun loungers and even gramophones. In 1934, dachas were allocated in Lisy Nos for Lenfilm employees, among whom the Goluboi jazz orchestra was very popular.

Monument "Road of Courage"

Right next to the train station in Lisye there is a monument “Road of Courage”, dedicated to the besieged Leningrad and the famous Small Road of Life, which passed here during the Great Patriotic War. An armored train walked along an abandoned branch to the pier to Kronstadt, which fired at Finnish positions. With the help of the same pier, Kronstadt was supplied with ammunition and food. Naturally, as an important transport hub, Lisiy Nos was constantly exposed to attacks from Finnish artillery and German aviation. After the war, Lisiy Nos was classified as a workers' settlement, although in fact it continued to remain a dacha suburb. By the mid-1950s, 20 thousand people already lived here.

Soviet Disneyland project

Surprisingly, in the late 1980s it was planned to build the first Soviet Disneyland here - a park with attractions, swimming pools, an aquarium, a zoo, a botanical garden, theaters with 850 and 450 seats and a cinema with six halls with 300 seats each. Unfortunately, due to sabotage from the “democratic public,” this project was never implemented.

Beaches in the vicinity of Lisiy Nos

The sights of the village of Lisiy Nos are not only architecture, but also excellent beaches, which are highly valued by residents of St. Petersburg as a place to relax. There is the old Central Beach, which has a narrow strip of sand. The places here are not particularly cultivated, quite wild, but many Leningraders are happy to come here with tents or camping. Recently, a beach began to develop under the loud name Fox Beach. There are already bars, restaurants, and evening events, such as various festivals and discos.

We continued the theme in Lisiy Nos, simultaneously noting interesting modern buildings and surviving historical buildings. But first things first.

You can get to the village by buses and minibuses from the metro station. "Chernaya Rechka" and "Old Village" or by train from Finlyandsky Station. We preferred the second “cork-free” option. One way fare for March 2016 is 50 rubles. Travel time is about 40 minutes.

Near the station in April 2015, the monument “Road of Courage” was erected in honor of the Little Road of Life, which passed along the Gulf of Finland through Kronstadt to Oranienbaum.

On Novotsentralnaya Street there is an abandoned, partly burned out from the inside, cinema "Chaika" (1958)

On Morskoy Prospekt, a functioning public bathhouse surprises with its columns.

New palaces and carved towers are being built nearby.

The temple in the name of the Holy Blessed Prince Vladimir with stained glass, a round stove and floor icons is pleasing to the eye.

And at the “tip of the nose” the most secret object is hidden. Next to the redoubt that once existed here during the Crimean War is the 18th arsenal of the navy. For the past half-century, the 1916 building has been used for rocket launcher projects. In 2013, the military moved out. In 2014, the former arsenal burned and was finally looted.

But let's return to the main goal of our trip: the old dachas.

The sun is the source of life on the planet. Its rays provide the necessary light and warmth. At the same time, ultraviolet radiation from the Sun is destructive to all living things. To find a compromise between the beneficial and harmful properties of the Sun, meteorologists calculate the ultraviolet radiation index, which characterizes the degree of its danger.

What kind of UV radiation from the sun is there?

Ultraviolet radiation from the Sun has a wide range and is divided into three regions, two of which reach the Earth.

• UVA. Long-wave radiation range
  315–400 nm

  The rays pass almost freely through all atmospheric “barriers” and reach the Earth.

• UV-B. Medium wave range radiation
  280–315 nm

  The rays are 90% absorbed by the ozone layer, carbon dioxide and water vapor.

• UV-C. Shortwave range radiation
  100–280 nm

  The most dangerous area. They are completely absorbed by stratospheric ozone without reaching the Earth.

The more ozone, clouds and aerosols in the atmosphere, the less the harmful effects of the Sun. However, these life-saving factors have a high natural variability. The annual maximum of stratospheric ozone occurs in spring, and the minimum in autumn. Cloudiness is one of the most variable characteristics of weather. The carbon dioxide content also changes all the time.

At what UV index values ​​is there a danger?

The UV index provides an estimate of the amount of UV radiation from the Sun at the Earth's surface. UV index values ​​range from a safe 0 to an extreme 11+.

• 0–2 Low
• 3–5 Moderate
• 6–7 High
• 8–10 Very high
• 11+ Extreme

In mid-latitudes, the UV index approaches unsafe values ​​(6–7) only at the maximum height of the Sun above the horizon (occurs in late June - early July). At the equator, the UV index reaches 9...11+ points throughout the year.

What are the benefits of the sun?

In small doses, UV radiation from the Sun is simply necessary. The sun's rays synthesize melanin, serotonin, and vitamin D, which are necessary for our health, and prevent rickets.

Melanin creates a kind of protective barrier for skin cells from the harmful effects of the Sun. Because of it, our skin darkens and becomes more elastic.

The hormone of happiness serotonin affects our well-being: it improves mood and increases overall vitality.

Vitamin D strengthens the immune system, stabilizes blood pressure and performs anti-rickets functions.

Why is the sun dangerous?

When sunbathing, it is important to understand that the line between the beneficial and harmful Sun is very thin. Excessive tanning always borders on a burn. Ultraviolet radiation damages DNA in skin cells.

The body's defense system cannot cope with such aggressive influence. It lowers immunity, damages the retina, causes skin aging and can lead to cancer.

Ultraviolet light destroys the DNA chain

How the Sun affects people

Sensitivity to UV radiation depends on skin type. People of the European race are the most sensitive to the Sun - for them, protection is required already at index 3, and 6 is considered dangerous.

At the same time, for Indonesians and African Americans this threshold is 6 and 8, respectively.

Who is most influenced by the Sun?

People with fair hair
skin tone

People with many moles

Residents of mid-latitudes during a holiday in the south

Winter lovers
fishing

Skiers and climbers

People with a family history of skin cancer

In what weather is the sun more dangerous?

It is a common misconception that the sun is dangerous only in hot and clear weather. You can also get sunburned in cool, cloudy weather.

Cloudiness, no matter how dense it may be, does not reduce the amount of ultraviolet radiation to zero. In mid-latitudes, cloudiness significantly reduces the risk of getting sunburned, which cannot be said about traditional beach holiday destinations. For example, in the tropics, if in sunny weather you can get sunburned in 30 minutes, then in cloudy weather - in a couple of hours.

How to protect yourself from the sun

To protect yourself from harmful rays, follow simple rules:

Spend less time in the sun during midday hours

Wear light-colored clothing, including wide-brimmed hats

Use protective creams

Wear sunglasses

Stay in the shade more on the beach

Which sunscreen to choose

Sunscreens vary in their degree of sun protection and are labeled from 2 to 50+. The numbers indicate the proportion of solar radiation that overcomes the protection of the cream and reaches the skin.

For example, when applying a cream labeled 15, only 1/15 (or 7 %) of the ultraviolet rays will penetrate the protective film. In the case of cream 50, only 1/50, or 2 %, affects the skin.

Sunscreen creates a reflective layer on the body. However, it is important to understand that no cream can reflect 100% of ultraviolet radiation.

For everyday use, when the time spent under the Sun does not exceed half an hour, a cream with protection 15 is quite suitable. For tanning on the beach, it is better to take 30 or higher. However, for fair-skinned people it is recommended to use a cream labeled 50+.

How to Apply Sunscreen

The cream should be applied evenly to all exposed skin, including the face, ears and neck. If you plan to sunbathe for a long time, then the cream should be applied twice: 30 minutes before going out and, additionally, before going to the beach.

Please check the cream instructions for the required volume for application.

How to Apply Sunscreen When Swimming

Sunscreen should be applied every time after swimming. Water washes away the protective film and, by reflecting the sun's rays, increases the dose of ultraviolet radiation received. Thus, when swimming, the risk of sunburn increases. However, due to the cooling effect, you may not feel the burn.

Excessive sweating and wiping with a towel are also reasons to re-protect the skin.

It should be remembered that on the beach, even under an umbrella, the shade does not provide complete protection. Sand, water and even grass reflect up to 20% of ultraviolet rays, increasing their impact on the skin.

How to protect your eyes

Sunlight reflected from water, snow or sand can cause painful burns to the retina. To protect your eyes, wear sunglasses with a UV filter.

Danger for skiers and climbers

In the mountains, the atmospheric “filter” is thinner. For every 100 meters of height, the UV index increases by 5 %.

Snow reflects up to 85 % of ultraviolet rays. In addition, up to 80 % of the ultraviolet reflected by the snow cover is reflected again by clouds.

Thus, in the mountains the Sun is most dangerous. It is necessary to protect your face, lower chin and ears even in cloudy weather.

How to deal with sunburn if you get sunburned

Use a damp sponge to moisten the burn.

Apply anti-burn cream to the burned areas

If your temperature rises, consult your doctor; you may be advised to take an antipyretic

If the burn is severe (the skin swells and blisters greatly), seek medical attention