UNESCO heritage. Austria. UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Austria World Heritage Sites in Hungary 4

This huge lake with slightly salty-tasting water was formed during the Ice Age. It is located on the very border of Austria and Hungary. The Austrians call it Neusiedler See, and the Hungarians call it Fertő. The unique landscape and microclimate of this place has long become a national treasure of Austria and is under the protection of UNESCO. There are more than 15 valuable species of fish in the water, and along the shores of the lake many rare plants grow and a large number of a wide variety of birds live. Today there is a large biosphere reserve here, where young biologists and ornithologists learn the basics of their science.

But this is not to say that this area is uninhabited. Settlements have existed here since the time of the Celts, and today, along the picturesque shores of the lake, here and there you can find pretty villages. There are also many tourists here who are allowed to swim in the lake, windsurf and even do a little fishing. The ancient quarries, where limestone was mined for many centuries, now host interesting performances; in addition, local aristocratic estates - the Esterhazy Palace and the mansion of Count Szechenyi - are open to the public.

Cultural landscape of Hallstatt-Dachstein

The Salzkammergut area is located east of Salzburg and includes the Dachstein mountain range as well as the surrounding lands. This region is famous for its stunning landscapes, clear mountain lakes and mysterious caves, most of which have not yet been explored. In the famous Ice Cave, you can see many natural ice sculptures, which constantly change their shape due to the melting of ice.

Many centuries ago, huge salt deposits were discovered in the Dachstein area, and the life of all settlements is closely connected with salt production. The small picturesque town of Hallstatt is known throughout the world for its unique architecture and rich history. A medieval saltworks and a unique salt pipeline, which consists of several thousand pipes, still operate here.

Cultural landscape of Wachau

The Wachau Valley is a section of the Danube valley between the towns of Krems and Melk, which is located in Lower Austria, approximately 80 km west of Vienna. The mild climate of this region served as an impetus for the development of gardening and viticulture in these places. Due to the rather difficult terrain, local vineyards are still processed only by hand, but the harvest produces amazing wine. Fruits are also grown here; apricots are especially famous. We do not sell them because they are collected overripe and no longer suitable for transportation. But they make delicious apricot jam, which is used to soak the layers of the traditional Viennese Sachertorte.

The ancient town of Melk is famous primarily for its famous monastery. Melk Abbey was founded in the 11th century, and a century later a library with a large scriptorium was opened here, which served as the prototype for the setting of Umberto Eco's novel The Name of the Rose. It was in the depths of this library that the first manuscript of the “Song of the Nibelungs” was discovered.

There are many castles in the Wachau Valley, each of which has interesting legends. The neighboring town of Durnstein is famous primarily for the fact that the English king Richard the Lionheart spent some time in captivity in the town castle. And although historians claim that the king was imprisoned in Vienna, interest in the castle and the city among tourists does not decrease.

The Wachau Valley is an amazing region that you can explore endlessly. Many interesting sights, magnificent views, an abundance of delicious food and wine - this is a real paradise for tourists, where everyone can find something interesting for themselves.

The railway line runs through the Semmering Pass. Its oldest section, 42 km long, was opened back in 1854 and is considered the world's first high-mountain railway.
From an engineering point of view, laying tracks through an area with such complex terrain was almost impossible, but the architect Karl von Gega nevertheless managed to find the necessary solutions and implement this project, unprecedented at that time.

Most of the route lies at an altitude of more than 900 m above sea level. To connect the individual sections, builders had to cut more than a dozen tunnels, build about 20 viaducts, many of which have two levels, and build more than 100 conventional bridges. A locomotive of a special design was invented especially for this road, capable of overcoming steep inclines.

Today, traveling on the Semmering railway has become a popular entertainment among tourists; it runs through exceptionally picturesque places, and along the route there are many modern ski and balneological resorts.

Historic city center of Graz and Eggenberg Castle

Graz is the capital of Styria and the second largest city in Austria. It is often called the city of students, as four famous Austrian universities operate here. The city is also famous for its arsenal, which now houses a museum. Its rich collection tells in detail how bladed weapons and firearms developed over the centuries. However, Graz is attractive not only for its attractions; even a simple walk through the narrow streets of the Old Town can give an unforgettable experience, since many houses have been preserved here since the heyday of the Middle Ages.

Eggenberg Castle is located on the outskirts of Graz and is considered the most famous aristocratic residence in Styria. It was erected in the middle of the 17th century for Prince Eggenberg, who was interested in astrology all his life. That is why many elements of the building and its interior are designed to remind us of the passage of time and the movement of the stars. Now the building belongs to the Graz Art Museum, one part of it is occupied by the Hunting Museum, and the other by an interesting archaeological exhibition.

Until the mid-19th century, Vienna was surrounded by a stone wall. This part is still considered the historical center of the city. The wall was dismantled only in 1850, when 34 suburbs were included in the capital of Austria. In the place where the stonework was, the Ringstrasse street now runs, on which all the most famous museums in Vienna are located.

The heart of the old city is rightfully considered St. Stephen's Square and the famous cathedral of the same name. All excursions begin from this square; it was formed in the 15th century and has since been the cultural center of Vienna. Under the square there is a metro station, during the construction of which an ancient chapel was discovered. Now this interesting archaeological site can be seen directly from the platform. And on the square itself, the contours of the underground chapel are lined with white stone.

In the center of the square stands St. Stephen's Cathedral - the most important cathedral in the whole country. It is distinguished from all other Gothic churches in Europe by its multi-colored tiled roof. The inside of the cathedral is as magnificent as the outside, and among the relics stored in it, the miraculous icon of the Madonna of Pecs and a piece of the tablecloth of the Last Supper enjoy special honor.

Schönbrunn Palace and its parks

Located in Vienna, the majestic palace of the Habsburg dynasty is considered one of the most beautiful palaces in Europe and the most visited attraction in Austria. It is not for nothing that the entire complex of buildings and adjacent parks became the first Austrian site taken under UNESCO protection. This event happened in 1996.

The palace was built according to the design of Fischer von Erlach and was completed in 1713. For two centuries it served as the summer residence of the emperors of Austria-Hungary, and after the fall of the monarchy it was turned into a museum and open to the general public.

Historic center of Salzburg

The city of Salzburg grew up on the site of a workers' village; from the first centuries AD, salt mining was carried out on the banks of the Salzach River. Salt at that time was worth its weight in gold, and the city was built with the proceeds from its sale.
The historical center of Salzburg is quite small in area and occupies a narrow strip of land between the river and the Alpine slopes, and above it, on the nearest mountain, the beautifully preserved medieval fortress of Hohensalzburg proudly rises.

In Hungary, Germany, Italy, Argentina and many other countries they are of exceptional interest to the world's population. Just under a thousand of these unique corners, distinguished by their natural, historical or cultural value, have been preserved. Hungary, a country that represents Europe at its best, is home to eight of these special sites.

World Heritage of Hungary

Eight objects from the list are included in it according to cultural criteria, another one - according to natural ones. World Heritage sites in Hungary include:

1. Sights of Budapest - the capital of the Hungarian Republic. The monuments date back to the 12th-18th centuries, and were added to the list in 1987.
2. Ethnographic open-air museum in the village of Hollokö. It was included in the list of Hungarian World Heritage Sites in 1987, as was the capital.
3. Caves of the Slovak Karst and Aggtelek. The mountain range in Hungary and Slovakia was awarded special site status in 1995.
4. Monastery of the Benedictine Order in Pannonhalm. Added to the list in 1996.
5. Hortobágy protected area. The unique natural area appeared on the Hungarian World Heritage List in 1999.
6. Necropolis in the city of Pecs. Created in the fourth century AD, the site was added to the heritage list in 2000.
7. Landscape of Fertö - the westernmost flat salt lake in Europe. Appeared on the list in 2001.
8. Tokaj wine region. Wine has been produced here since the thirteenth century. The area was added to the heritage list in 2002. This is currently the last World Heritage Site in Hungary, while no new attractions have been added to the list.

Budapest: bank of the Danube, Andrássy Avenue and other places

The first settlements on the territory of the modern capital appeared a very long time ago. In general, the city was formed from several small settlements located nearby. Today, the “birthplace of the waltz” and the “city of bridges”, which even has its own “Champs Elysees”, is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Andrássy Avenue is part of the historical center of Budapest. This street, built at the end of the nineteenth century, is today filled with many famous places. This is where the Postal Museum, Opera House, Old Palace of Art, Heroes' and Liszt's Squares are located.

The panorama of the Danube River embankment is breathtaking, and the city owes its inclusion in the Hungarian World Heritage List to its many bridges. The Szechenyi Chain Bridge is a large replica of the British Marlowe Bridge, Erzsebet is the longest bridge in Europe, the Freedom Bridge has elaborate decorations, and Margaret consists of two parts that connect on a small island. And these are just the most culturally outstanding structures; there are eight bridges in total in Budapest.

The residence of the Hungarian kings - the Buda Fortress - deserves special attention. The walls of the structure separated the old, historical part of the city from the modern one. This castle is of amazing beauty, and at night it is also illuminated favorably, which emphasizes the uniqueness of the architectural ensemble.

Hollokö: an open-air ethnic museum

The entire population of the village of Hollokö today lives the same life as it did several centuries ago. They practice crafts, preserve customs and traditions, wear national clothes, eat simple food and do housework. In mid-August, an almost real knightly tournament is held here, and in October everyone celebrates the grape harvest.

When the threat of an Ottoman invasion arose, the monastery was surrounded by strong walls, the structure became a powerful fort and fortified on all sides. But this did not save us from the Turkish invasion; the enemies ravaged the monastery, and some of the buildings were destroyed. The reconstruction of Pannonhalm became possible only in the eighteenth century.

Reserve (nature park) Hortobágy

This is the oldest reserve with a huge territory, in which live buffalos, rare breeds of sheep, goats, great white herons, bulls. But the most interesting thing here is not animals in the natural environment, but nomadic shepherds, practically no different from their ancestors. They perform their duties in national costumes, prepare traditional dishes and water their flocks from wells. Here you can get acquainted with the culture of Hungary, and also enjoy the natural beauty. There are excursions for tourists. There is also a spectacular horse show in the Hortobágy National Park.

Necropolis in the city of Pecs

The early Christian necropolis was at one time the center of an ancient Roman province. This place contains several burial chambers, a chapel and a mausoleum. This is the earliest Christian cemetery in Europe.

These places are distinguished by amazing architecture and historical value. The necropolis and mausoleum allow you to fully experience the spirit of antiquity and plunge into the era of early Christianity.

Lake Fertö and surroundings

The national park in northwestern Hungary consists of two large areas: the lake itself and the Hanszág region. Excursions are held in the protected area, and some are completely prohibited from visiting. The lake itself, which is included in the World Heritage List, is the fourth largest in Europe and a unique protected area. More than 300 species of birds can be observed here.

Both locals and tourists love to relax on the lake. The place is distinguished by the fact that three natural zones intersect on the mineral lake (alpine, continental and subtropical). You can improve your health here - there is a balneological hospital nearby. Also of interest to tourists is the once luxurious Esterházy Palace, where the great composer Joseph Haydn lived, and ecotourism.

Tokaj wine region

In the Tokaj Valley, which is often compared to the cradle, wine has been produced for centuries. The first evidence of this dates back to the sixteenth century. The geographical location and special climate make it possible to grow a good harvest of selected grape varieties here. Here, ideal conditions are created for the development of noble mold. The centuries-old traditions of Tokaj are preserved to this day.

Tokaj wines are distinguished by their softness, rich golden color, and characteristic flavor bouquet. The grapes are harvested in October-November; only four varieties are used in the production of the drink: zeta, furmin, yellow muscat, lipovina. The main types of wines produced in the valley are as follows:

1. Asu. Grapes affected by noble greens are harvested only by hand, placed in special containers, where they begin to produce juice under the influence of their own weight. Juice is added to the base wine; the quality of the drink depends on the proportion.
2. Asu essence. The same asu, but aged longer.
3. Edesh is native. This wine is produced in those years when, due to weather and other conditions, it was not possible to harvest a sufficient amount of grapes affected by noble greens.
4. Saraz currant. Dry white wine.
5. Furmint. Budget white wine from local grapes.
6. Harshlevel. Also an inexpensive drink made from the “linden leaf” variety.

Of course, there are claims on wine production from Slovakia, which, by the way, are justified (after the partition of Austria-Hungary, part of the vineyards went to the country), but this does not prevent Tokaj from being classified as a World Heritage Site.

Pecs (in Hungary) Pecs is a city in southwestern Hungary (see Hungary) at the foot of the southern slopes of the Mecsek mountain range, 32 km from the border with Croatia (see Croatia). Population 155.9 thousand people. (2001). The administrative center of the region (council) is Baranya.… … Geographical encyclopedia

PEČ (Pecs), a city in southwestern Hungary (see HUNGARY), at the foot of the Mecsek mountain range, the administrative center of the county (see MEDIE) Baranya. Population 158.7 thousand people (2004). Mechanical engineering, woodworking, chemical, shoe leather... encyclopedic Dictionary

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Europe- (Europe) Europe is a densely populated, highly urbanized part of the world named after a mythological goddess, forming together with Asia the continent of Eurasia and having an area of ​​about 10.5 million km² (approximately 2% of the total area of ​​the Earth) and ... Investor Encyclopedia

1) peak, Pamir, Tajikistan. Opened in 1932 1933 by the staff of the Tajik-Pamir Expedition of the USSR Academy of Sciences and named Molotov Peak, after the name of the owl. figure V. M. Molotov (1890 1986). In 1957 renamed Peak Russia. 2) Russian... ... Geographical encyclopedia

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This term has other meanings, see Dubrovnik (meanings). City of Dubrovnik, Croatia. Dubrovnik Coat of Arms ... Wikipedia

Capital of Hungary. Modern the city was formed in 1872 by adm. the unification of the cities of Buda and Pest, located on opposite banks of the Danube. The name of the new city was formed by adding the names of the merged cities: Buda Pest ... Geographical encyclopedia

- (Croatian Dubrovnik, historical name Latin Ragusa Ragusa) a city in Dalmatia, in the southern part of Croatia, on the Adriatic coast. Dubrovnik is the administrative center of the Dubrovnik Neretva County, a famous international resort, a major seaport.… … Catholic Encyclopedia

Capital of Austria. In place of the modern cities in the 1st century BC e. was Rome. military Camp Vindobona (Vindobona). Name from Celt, vindo white, bona fenced place, town. Modern Wien (Win), traditional. Vein. Geographical names of the world: Toponymic... ... Geographical encyclopedia

Austria has nine UNESCO World Heritage Sites. These include medieval fortresses, religious buildings, residential buildings, ancient monuments, gardens, and cultural natural landscapes. Each of them “proved” to the international commission that they needed special supervision and protection.

UNESCO World Heritage Site. This unique list includes the riches of the Earth created by the genius of man or the forces of almighty nature; priceless masterpieces of history, culture, architecture. Sites included in the UNESCO register meet strict criteria. Each of them “proved” to the international commission that they needed special supervision and protection.

There are nine such facilities in Austria. These include medieval fortresses, religious buildings, residential buildings, ancient monuments, gardens, and cultural natural landscapes.

The Austrian state has an ancient history. In the 1st century BC, the Romans occupied European lands, freeing the center of Europe from Celtic tribes. Austria eventually became a separate duchy, then an independent state. It developed at the intersection of three civilizations: Romanesque, Germanic, Slavic. Expressive natural and historical objects, like exquisite paintings, illustrate the history of Austria. The most striking of these “pictures” have become a UNESCO heritage.

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1. City of Salzburg. Historical Center

The brightness and originality of the historical center is formed by two styles of architecture - fancy baroque and “flaming” gothic. The view of Salzburg opens from the towers (Festung Hohensalzburg), an impregnable medieval stronghold that soars above the city at the 120-meter height of Mount Festunsberg. Old baroque residential buildings protect the peace of the market square.

2. Schönbrunn. Palace and gardens

“Beautiful spring” is what the Austrians call Schönbrunn. This Habsburg building, surrounded by beautiful gardens, is considered the apotheosis of the Viennese Baroque. The castle was founded in the 17th century. It survived changes of owners, destruction and reconstruction. Maria Theresa loved Schönbrunn and admired it. Under her rule, the gardens were expanded, greenhouses, a menagerie, and a theater were created.

Today Schönbrunn greets the public as a museum and architectural complex. It has more than 1,400 rooms; Forty of them house a museum. The Imperial Zoo is considered the oldest zoo in the world. Schönbrunn Park is a fusion of natural grace with garden architectural art.

3. Hallstatt-Dachstein – cultural landscape, the pearl of Salzkammergut

The unique landscape of Hallstatt-Dachstein is formed by the majestic peaks of Dachstein, a lake district of 76 reservoirs and a group of medieval towns.

The main city of this historical and cultural system is (or Hallstatt, German: Hallstatt). It is called the most beautiful lakeside city in the world. The territory of Hallstatt-Dachstein was inhabited by Celtic tribes four thousand years ago. Excavations near Hallstatt reveal new historical facts.

Salzkammergut developed thanks to salt mining. “The Pantry of Salt” is how this region is called to this day.

4. Semmering. First mountain railway

Narrow streets and tiny courtyards keep their historical secrets. Extraordinarily beautiful (Grazer Dom). The symbol of Graz, (Schloss Eggenberg) is a “pearl”, a vivid example of a harmonious fusion of Baroque and Renaissance styles.

A valley stretches between the ancient cities of Lower Austria (Melk) and (Krems). This (Wachau) is a historical territory developed by ancient tribes during the Paleolithic era. The Wachau landscape is bordered by the wooded hills of the Dunkelsteinwald and the leisurely flow of the Danube.

Archaeological, religious, architectural and agricultural monuments of these places clearly illustrate the history of civilization. In the local ruins, ancient monasteries, castles, vineyards and farmlands, features of the distant Middle Ages, Gothic, and Baroque times have been preserved.

7. Cultural landscape – lake district of Fertö-Neusiedlersee.

Around the lake (German Neusiedler See) (in Hungarian Fertő-tó), this is a federal land, a unique landscape has formed. The rural architecture of local villages is distinctive. There are three quarters of Austrian possessions here, one quarter of Hungarian possessions. In the area of ​​Fertö-Neusiedlersee one can see the contact of different cultures and different ways of life. On the banks of the Fertö-Neusiedler there are ancient monasteries, settlements, and fortresses. On the southern shore there is the Neusiedler-Seewinkel nature reserve. Local excavations have uncovered many Roman artifacts and remains of ancient buildings.

This small European country has many interesting attractions, some of which are World Heritage Sites. For example, the Aggtelek nature reserve, where a unique cave system is located. Inside them you can see ancient stalactite labyrinths, in which geologists were able to study the processes of rock formation. Ordinary tourists are amazed by the beauty of these attractions, especially Baradla, which is considered the largest stalactite cave in the EU.

The UNESCO natural heritage in Hungary is also represented by the Hortobágy National Park. Oak groves grow here, rare animals and over one hundred and fifty species of birds live here. In particular, herons, bustards, mounded eagles and cranes are found here. In addition, local residents have preserved the way of life of their ancestors. Time seems to have stopped here. Shepherds also lead a nomadic lifestyle. In the settlements there are crane wells, and food is prepared according to traditional recipes. Thus, Hortobágy represents not only natural, but also ethnocultural value.

The most important architectural sights of the country are located in the capital. Budapest is included in the list of UNESCO monuments in Hungary. In this city you can see ancient palaces; the famous Andrássy Avenue, built in the 19th century; churches and cathedrals, as well as beautiful bridges. In Budapest there are buildings erected in different styles - from Gothic to Baroque. The Hungarian capital had a great influence on world architecture, for which it was deservedly included in the World Heritage List.

In addition to the majestic Budapest, you can visit the ancient city of Pecs in the country. It is famous for its ancient buildings, which date back to the 4th century. During the Roman Empire, the city of Sopiana was located in its place. Archaeologists were able to find many interesting artifacts on the territory of Pécs. In addition, the largest early Christian cemetery in Europe has survived to this day. In its mausoleums you can see unique frescoes depicting the apostles and religious motifs.