The main attractions in Thessaloniki. Useful information about the city of Thessaloniki. Arch and Palace of Galeria

Thessaloniki

- one of the most famous resorts in Greece, the capital of Macedonia. Legends say that the city was founded in honor of Thessaloniki- the king's wife Cassandra in the 4th century BC.

The city is filled with various attractions of interest to tourists. It is not for nothing that Thessaloniki has been awarded the title of European Capital of Culture. There is always a huge selection of attractions in Thessaloniki that tourists with any wishes can visit.

What is the first thing to see in Thessaloniki?

White Tower. Perhaps the most famous landmark in the city of Thessaloniki in Greece. The White Tower was erected by the Turks in the 15th century. There were three of them built in total. The main purpose of building such towers was to strengthen the fortress wall.

Later the paint washed off and now this landmark can be seen in its true color. The tower houses exhibitions of the city's history and art museum. Also, you need to know that the tower is closed on Mondays.

Rotunda

The building was built as a mausoleum for the emperor Gallery. But he was buried elsewhere. And the rotunda became a Christian temple. Today the Rotunda is one of the oldest temples in the world.

Construction dates back to the 3rd century. In the 16th century, the rotunda became a mosque. And since the beginning of the 20th century, the mosque was turned into a museum. The walls of the Rotunda were made of marble, but have not survived to this day. Mosaics were also created on the walls, which are considered the most ancient wall mosaics that have survived to this day. They date back to the 4th century.

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Arch and Palace of Galeria

Arch- This is a symbolic sign of victory. Galerius ordered the construction of an arch in honor of the victory over the Persians in 297. Construction began in 303. The arch is decorated with bas-reliefs depicting battle scenes.

Near the arch is located Galeria Palace. The partially surviving building allows you to imagine how beautiful the palace was during the reign of Galerius. The palace is best preserved from the side of Navarino Square. It is also interesting that mosaic floors have been preserved in some parts of the palace.

Also, in the palace was found Octagon. It confirms the importance of the palace in those days. According to its layout, the palace has a courtyard surrounded by galleries, halls and corridors. The city hippodrome has also been partially preserved.

Museums in Thessaloniki

What else to see in Thessaloniki in Greece?

Church of Panagia Chalkeon. The church was built around 1028 by the official Christopher of Lombardy for the remission of sins of himself and his family members. The Church of Panagia, or, as it is also called, the Church of the Copperworkers, is included in the list of World Heritage Sites. In 1430, the church was converted into a mosque - Halkeon.

The church is built of brick. The dome is on four columns. Until 1934, the church was partially underground.

In the church you can see ancient frescoes; column capitals decorated with bas-reliefs have also been preserved.

Today, services are held in the church, as well as excursions.

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Latonou Monastery

Another World Heritage Site is located in the central part of Thessaloniki. Of all the buildings of the monastery, only one has survived St David's Church, which is still a functioning temple of the monastery.

The construction dates back to the end of the 5th century. The church received its name only in the 20th century, and before that it was dedicated to Christ the Savior.

The temple, like many other church buildings, was converted into a mosque in the 15th century. It is noteworthy that at that time the frescoes located on the walls of the church were covered over, and they were found only during restoration in the 20th century. During the work, burials of monks under the floor were also found.

Church of Hagia Sophia

Since 1987, the temple has been included in the list of World Heritage Sites UNESCO. Church consecrated in the name Saint Sophia of the Wisdom of God, is a rare example of a temple from the iconoclastic period.

The construction of the temple is presumably dated to the period between 690-730. The temple has a minimal amount of mosaic decoration. This is due to the period of the reign of Leo III, during which iconoclasm began.

IN Hagia Sophia you can see mosaics with images of the Ascension and the Virgin Mary. Also, the interior of the temple is decorated with frescoes depicting the faces of saints.

Church of the Holy Apostles

Church of the Holy Apostles or the Church of the Twelve Apostles is named so according to legend that previously the cathedral had 12 domes, symbolizing the apostles of Christ. There are 2 assumptions about the date of construction: XII and XIV centuries. Like most Christian churches in Greece, the Church of the Holy Apostles was converted into a mosque in the 15th century.

The interior decoration is striking in its beauty: the wealth of mosaics and frescoes speaks of the work of great masters on the church. The mosaics are considered to be the last works in Greece before the Turkish capture. Mosaics are particularly realistic.

Dormition of the Virgin Mary, Savior Not Made by Hands, and Candlemas And Annunciation have survived to this day.

Mosaic Transfiguration very well preserved. Most likely, this is due to the fact that during the conversion of the church into a mosque, the Transfiguration was plastered over, and the gold parts were carefully removed and stored.

Photos of the main attractions of Thessaloniki in Greece

Thessaloniki is a city filled with unique attractions. The described temples and museums are only a small part of everything that can be seen. Children, teenagers, and older people will have something to see. And you can understand the culture of a great country only by seeing its history.

You can walk endlessly in this city. The atmosphere somewhat reminds me of St. Petersburg, more in terms of sensations than in appearance. Although it is also the northern capital, but... not of Russia.

Thessaloniki is no less a symbol of Greece than Athens, and its attractions are not inferior to those of the capital. They are just a little different... This city leaves some people indifferent, but if you like it, you will fall in love with it immediately and forever. With all its pros and cons, touching little details and the close breath of the sea.

Full name of the city - Thessalonica (Θεσσαλονίκη), usually the Greeks themselves call it that. And since the name is feminine, many affectionate addresses to “Her” have been invented: Bride of the North, Bride of Thermaikos (Thermaikos Gulf), Mother of the Poor, etc.

Thessalonica itself was the wife of King Kassander, the founder of the city, and the sister of Alexander the Great. In ancient times, rulers had the custom of giving their cities their names, and Cassander named his new city in honor of his beloved wife. Of course, before that there were already various settlements and people living there. These settlements, numbering 26, merged into the new city.

Sights of Thessaloniki: how to see the main ones in an hour

And so that when you find yourself in Thessaloniki, you can get a first impression of the city, you should take advantage of the opportunity it provides. Namely - bus route No. 50, which for 2 euros will take you around the most famous sights of the northern capital.

The tour begins on the Thessaloniki embankment, at the White Tower, and ends there. Fifteen stops of the 50th bus are like traveling in a time machine with stops in different eras.

White Tower

This symbol of the city was built in the 15th century, probably during the period 1450-1470. The White Tower is all that remains of the Ottoman defensive fortifications of that era. In its history there were several names - the Lion Tower, the Janissary Tower, the Bloody Tower... At some point in the late 19th century it was whitewashed, and the tower received its final name. Now there is a museum here.

There are several interesting buildings around the tower, including the Royal Theatre.

City museums

The Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki houses priceless historical exhibits, including from the Halkidiki peninsula. Adjacent to it is the no less interesting Museum of Byzantine Culture. There are other impressive buildings at the same intersection, including the OTE (telephone service) tower nearby. There is a cafe at the top where you can sit and admire the panoramic views of the city.

Behind the tower is the entrance to the International Exhibition of Thessaloniki, where you will also find the Macedonian Museum of Contemporary Art.

Palace of Galeria and Camara

In Piazza Navarino there are excavations of the palace of the Roman Emperor Galerius. It was a whole complex of buildings, a real town.

There are also ruins of the Roman Hippodrome, and a little higher is the Triumphal Arch of Galerius, simply called Kamara.

Byzantine temples of the center of Thessaloniki

Agia Sofia

Built in the 7th century AD. and ennobles the Ermou – Agias Sophias crossroads square, which is one of the most significant Byzantine monuments of Thessaloniki. A little higher, towards Egnatia, stands the early Christian Church of Our Lady Not Made by Hands. At the top of Aristotelous Square is the 11th century Temple of Our Lady of the Medals.

And even higher, on St. Demetrius Street, is the main temple of the city, dedicated to its heavenly patron - St. Demetrius of Thessalonica. This temple is one of the most significant buildings of Thessaloniki, a UNESCO cultural heritage site, it dates back to the 5th century and it is said that it was here, in the catacombs of the temple, that Saint Demetrius was martyred.

In the city center are also two of Thessaloniki's most significant monasteries. The first is next to Aristotelous Square, the monastery of St. Theodora on Ermou. The second is the Vlatadon Monastery (named after the founders) of the 14th century in the Upper City, next to the entrance to Eptapyrgos. The monastery offers stunning views of the city estuary.

Aristotelous (Aristotle) ​​Square

One of the symbols of Thessaloniki, the square was designed by the French architect Ernesto Hébrard. A strong fire at the beginning of the last century almost destroyed the city, and much had to be rebuilt. Around this huge, extended area there are many interesting places and ancient monuments. Nearby is the famous Kapani market, where you can find literally everything, stroll along the cobblestone streets of the market and surrounding streets, and sit in a traditional Greek coffee shop.

Roman Agora

If you go up from Aristotle Square, cross Egnatia Avenue and go higher, we will come out to the Roman Agora. During the reign of the Romans, this place was the center of all events; it was the commercial and cultural center of the city starting from the 2nd-3rd century AD.

Where Egnatia and Via Venizelo meet, the 15th-century Muslim monument Alcazar is in the process of being renovated. True, no one knows when it will end...

And a little further north we meet Bezesteni, a popular shopping area in the Middle Ages. A little higher above the ancient Agora rises an ancient building that now houses the Ministry of Macedonia-Thrace. Next to it on the square there are excavations with interesting finds of archaeologists.

Upper Town - Ano Poli

As you go higher and higher along St. Demetrius Street, you increasingly come across examples of folk Macedonian architecture - picturesque houses of this part of the city. Narrow streets, balconies and windows are lovingly decorated with flowers.

In the Kule Cafe area, go to Terpsithea Square with a Muslim monument on it, about which there are terrifying legends. This is the octagonal Turbes (Mausoleum) of the holy dervish Musa Baba, built in the 16th century. The square itself is cozy and always full of life.

Not too far away in the same area are the ruins of the Byzantine Baths, named after the place - Kule Café, and which served the inhabitants of the city from 1300 for seven centuries without interruption. It is one of the most important monuments of the Byzantine era, the only one of its kind, and belongs to the cultural heritage of UNESCO. This year, the restoration of the monument was completed and in June cultural events were held there as part of the 5th Biennale of Contemporary Art.

Castra

Kastra, or Eptapyrgio (Seven Towers) is the fortress-acropolis of Thessaloniki, its eastern side once faced the White Tower.

Passing through the first gate, you can see the highest point of the fortress - Gedi Kule, “seven towers” ​​in Turkish. In the last century, until 1988, Gedi Kule was still used as a prison.

Wander through the picturesque streets of the fortress, admire the magnificent views of Thessaloniki and the “Pasha Gardens” on the eastern side, enjoy traditional Greek cuisine in local taverns overlooking the estuary...

Return

When going down to the center on foot or on the same 50 bus, go near the eastern wall, so you won’t miss the house where Kemal Ataturk was born on your right hand. Now there is a museum in this building.

Walking from the western side of the University City, you will come to another famous landmark of Thessaloniki. The round building of the Rotunda was once intended for the Mausoleum of Emperor Galerius, but eventually became a temple. Now the Rotunda is a museum and is included in the list of Byzantine monuments of Thessaloniki included in the UNESCO International Cultural Heritage.

Bus No. 50 goes through its route, accompanying the views from the window with audio and video materials; there is an accompanying person on the bus. They don’t speak Russian, only Greek and English. If you get off at some stop, you will then have to travel further on the next flight and pay for the ticket again.

Bus schedule and stops

Naturally, this is only a sightseeing tour of Thessaloniki, taking approximately 50 minutes by bus. But you can definitely get the first impression of the city. And then return to particularly memorable places. But is it possible to describe this ancient and beautiful city in one article? Of course not! And in order to study it even a little, you will need much more than one day.

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After all, Thessaloniki is not only about antiquities, although the city is literally filled with them and stands on them, because it is one of the few cities in the world where people have lived continuously for more than 25 centuries. There is also Thessaloniki shopping with excellent shops for shopping, Thessaloniki evening with lots of entertainment. There is also underground Thessaloniki, which only the most persistent adventurers can explore - the city is full of ancient catacombs and tunnels.

What can I say - come and pay close attention to this unique city and its historical places!

Thessaloniki, in fact, is the very city from which tourists begin their journey through this wonderful country. After all, it is in this city that the largest international airport is located - Macedonia. Thessaloniki is not only the second largest city in Greece with a population of over one million people, it is also a convenient starting point for traveling around northern Greece.

In principle, if you’re just looking at it quickly, you can easily get around the city’s main attractions in one day on foot, even without using transport. Walking through the ancient streets of Thessaloniki, you will get great pleasure and will be able to see absolutely all the places that the locals are so proud of.

In the very heart of the city - in its historical center, there is one of, perhaps, the most significant Greek attractions - the Roman Forum. Naturally, today you can only see the ruins of this grandiose structure, which was considered literally until the 5th century AD the administrative center of the city of Thessaloniki. It is obvious that in those ancient times the Roman Forum included many different buildings - government institutions, various workshops, shops and public baths.

The total area of ​​these buildings was an impressive figure - 2 hectares, but that’s not all. It had two levels. At the lower level there were semi-underground buildings. Nowadays, this wonderful landmark of Thessaloniki is a kind of museum, which local authorities were able to open to the public after archaeological excavations in 1960.

Another interesting landmark of Thessaloniki, only partially preserved to this day, is the arch and the Galeria Palace. The arch itself was erected back in 303 after the victory over the Persians. It was connected by galleries leading directly to the Galeria Palace, which was built literally not far from the arch. Almost all tourists and guests of the city, looking at this architectural masterpiece, note the extraordinary beauty of the structure.

The columns of the arch are entirely decorated with bas-reliefs depicting memorable scenes from the campaign against the Persians by ruler Galerius. The palace itself was also only partially preserved; its walls were especially badly damaged. There is a version among scientists that this palace may be the tomb of the ruler. It is also very likely that in the 5th century the palace (tomb) became a church consecrated in the name of St. George the Victorious, so this attraction has another name - the Rotunda of St. George. In 1988, the World Organization UNESCO included the Rotunda in its list of protected sites.

Still, the most recognizable landmark, which is also considered the face of the city, is the White Tower. Many tourists are surprised by this name, because the color of the tower walls is completely different from white. It is generally closer to a beige shade. This beautiful attraction is located near the Aegean coast. The tower, erected in ancient times by the Turks, was used for a long time both as a defensive structure and as a prison, in which, as expected, executions of prisoners were carried out. Therefore, even the tower had a “bloody” reputation.

In 1912, to commemorate the power of the Greek state, the tower was restored and whitewashed on the outside. After this, it received its current name - the White Tower. But, unfortunately, over time, all this external whitewash was washed away and the tower acquired its original appearance, as well as color. At the top of the White Tower there is another small tower, and at the very top there is an observation deck with a stunningly beautiful view of Thessaloniki and the sea. Since 1985, inside the White Tower there has been a museum of the history and art of Thessaloniki of the Byzantine period.

Among all the city attractions of Thessaloniki, its most important church is still considered the Basilica of St. Demetrius. And this is no coincidence, since for the residents of the city, Saint Demetrius is its patron and protector. In 303, the great martyr was imprisoned in the city prison of Thessaloniki, and then, on the personal orders of the ruler Galerius, he was executed. After this, pilgrims from literally all corners of the Byzantine Empire began to come to Demetrius’s grave.

The church building itself in honor of the Great Martyr Demetrius was built on the very spot where the Roman baths were previously located, which collapsed over time. The temple was built in the very place where the basilica with Saint Demetrius buried in it is located. The appearance of the church is extremely attractive - the walls are covered with marble, decorated with frescoes and mosaics, which depict scenes from the life of Demetrius.

In 1963, the Archaeological Museum was inaugurated in Thessaloniki, which later became one of the most interesting attractions of the city. The real pride of this museum is the collection of exhibits found during excavations directly inside the city limits and on the territory of former Macedonia. Here you can find artifacts that reflect the entire history of the state of Macedonia during that period, including a lot of gold objects that were discovered directly in the cemetery located near the museum. The most valuable museum collection is considered to be treasures from the tomb of the Macedonian king Philip II, which occupy the central part of the building.

The Church of St. Nicholas occupies a special place among the city attractions of Thessaloniki. In former times, it was considered the main temple of the upper part of the city. The frescoes in this church, painted around 1320, are considered especially valuable. They depict various scenes from the Christian Bible.

You should also definitely visit the Upper Town of Thessaloniki or the Ano Poli area. It is surrounded by walls from the Byzantine period, listed as a UNESCO site. Once you are here, you will feel like you have entered a completely different world - narrow winding streets with vineyards growing everywhere, Greek music from taverns often found along the way. Here you should visit the observation deck near the Trigoniu Tower and admire the wonderful views.

Be sure to take a walk along the city embankment, stretching from the central port all the way to the White Tower. It offers stunningly beautiful views of the bay and in clear weather you can see the famous Mount Olympus from here.

And, of course, you can’t help but visit the most important square of Thessaloniki – Aristotle Square. All the most important events of the city are held here - both political and cultural. In addition, there is a monument to the great teacher and educator, the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle. There is a legend invented by no one knows who says that if you rub Aristotle’s leg, you can become a little smarter. Or you can just take a photo next to the philosopher’s sculpture.

Today we will get acquainted with the largest Greek port city of Thessaloniki and find out what you can see in this city and which hotels are best to stay in.

Thessaloniki- the second largest Greek port city on the Aegean Sea. The city is located near the famous Greek trident - Chalkidiki. There are regular flights from Moscow. In the summer, they are joined by charter flights from many Russian cities. The cost of an air ticket for a direct flight Moscow - Thessaloniki is from 145 Euros in two directions. Thessaloniki is a port city and does not have a beach. Don't forget this when you plan your vacation.

Thessaloniki is a rapidly developing cosmopolitan city. It has a developed bus network, and a metro is planned to be launched in 2017. The combination of ancient monuments with modern buildings gives the city a special charm. Thessaloniki will be best explored on foot, because... literally at every step there are ancient ruins and buildings that deserve attention.

Sights of Thessaloniki

One of Thessaloniki's most famous attractions are the churches, temples and monasteries scattered throughout the city and preserved from the times of the Byzantine Empire. The city was under Turkish rule for a long time, so Turkish influence can be seen in the architecture. In some places I felt like I was in Turkey: the monuments and skyscrapers of Thessaloniki are so similar to Turkish ones.

For a long time, Thessaloniki was a recognized center of Christianity. This is where Saints Cyril and Methodius came from, who contributed to the spread of Christianity and created the Old Church Slavonic language.

The most popular attractions of Thessaloniki are Basilica of Saint Demetrius, Hagia Sophia And Rotunda of St. George. All of them are under the protection of UNESCO.

Also deserves special attention Roman forum and the visiting card of the city - White Tower on the Thessaloniki waterfront. Museum lovers will also have a place to turn around, because Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki considered one of the best in Europe. Visits are also worth Museum of Byzantine Culture to Thessaloniki and the Jewish Museum. The city is rightfully considered the cultural capital of Greece, therefore, if you are vacationing at one of the nearby Greek resorts, then visiting Thessaloniki is a must.

Closer to the waterfront in Thessaloniki is the famous Aristotle Square With monument to Aristotle. There is a superstition that if you rub the big toe of his left foot, you will inevitably become wiser. Aristotle was born in these parts: in the region of Chalkidiki.

The location of Thessaloniki's attractions on the map can be seen below.

Where to stay in Thessaloniki?

Tourists visit Thessaloniki most often while passing through or upon arrival at Macedonia International Airport. Therefore, it will be most convenient to settle in the very center of the city with a view of the sea or shopping streets. As in any major city, you can find a hotel here to suit any budget. There are no all-inclusive hotels in Thessaloniki. I can recommend you the following hotels located in different parts of the city:

• Three-star Mandrino Hotel, hotel address: Thessaloniki, 2, Adigonidon Str.-29, Egnatia Str. This budget hotel is located in the heart of Thessaloniki, close to the main attractions. It is very conveniently located for walking around the city and shopping in Thessaloniki. The embankment is located not far from the hotel. Cost of a double room for two per night with breakfast: from 41 Euro.
• Five-star hotel Grand Hotel Palace, hotel address: Thessaloniki, Monastiriou 305-307. Luxurious hotel located 2.5 km from the city center. There is a supermarket next to the hotel. Businessmen often hold their business meetings at the hotel, but it is also suitable for families. For families with children, the hotel offers spacious family rooms. Cost of a double room for two per night with breakfast: from 100 Euro.
• Hotel 5 stars Electra Palace Thessaloniki, hotel address: Thessaloniki, 9 Aristotelous square. Luxury hotel located on Aristotle's Square in the heart of Thessaloniki by the sea. The hotel's rooms offer breathtaking panoramic views of the sea and Thessaloniki promenade. There is a swimming pool on the roof of the hotel. Breakfast is served at the rooftop restaurant, which offers the best views of Aristotle Square in the city. But you will have to pay well for the amenities: the cost of a double room for two per night with breakfast: from 129 Euros.
• Hotel 4 stars Royal Hotel Thessaloniki, hotel address: 17th klm Thessalonikis - Peraias. This hotel, located 3 km from Thessaloniki International Airport, is suitable for you if you have arrived for a business meeting or if you need to spend one night in Thessaloniki and then fly onwards. There is a free transfer from the airport to the hotel. The hotel has a restaurant, an indoor swimming pool and is 9 km away from the famous Mediterranean Cosmos shopping centre, where you can go shopping. Cost of a double room for two per night with breakfast: from 59 Euro.

If you want to feel like a local in Thessaloniki, I recommend renting an entire apartment from locals on Airbnb. You will receive a 23 Euro discount on your first booking and can book yourself a beachfront apartment in Thessaloniki for prices ranging from 25 to 50 Euro per night! I like to book apartments with locals because... This is how you can get to know the country and its people better, and learn first-hand about the most interesting corners of the city. In the apartments you can save on food and prepare lunches and dinners yourself. I have already talked about how to rent an apartment on Airbnb in the article.

Where to eat in Thessaloniki?

There are many cafes scattered around the city where you can drink coffee or fresh orange juice, but there are quite a few restaurants where you can eat in the traditional sense of the word. Restaurants are mainly concentrated in the vicinity of Aristotle Square. Meals in these restaurants are not cheap: 10-12 Euros per portion of the second course.

Numerous kebab shops scattered throughout the center come to the aid of budget tourists. Kebab is called "gyros" in Greek. A kebab with potatoes and tzatziki sauce costs about 3.5 Euros per serving. To go with the kebab, you can take Greek beer Mythos, which, by the way, is produced in Thessaloniki, at a price of 2-3 Euros per bottle (this is the price in a kebab shop, beer will cost you less in a store).

Where to go on an excursion from Thessaloniki?

If you are an independent tourist who does not want to stop exploring Thessaloniki and move on, I can recommend you the following places in Greece where it will be convenient to go from Thessaloniki:

• Monasteries of Meteora. The Meteora Rocks are recognized as the eighth wonder of Greece. The monasteries are located on separate rocks and seem to float in the air. Visiting monastery cells is possible only as part of an organized group.
• The peninsulas of Sithonia and Kassandra and their beaches. Thessaloniki does not have its own beach, so I advise you to visit the peninsulas of the famous “Trident” region of Halkidiki, the beaches of which have been awarded the blue flag.
• Monasteries of Athos. Athos is the third “finger” of the trident of Chalkidiki, on which 20 Orthodox monasteries are located. Athos is the largest center of Orthodoxy. Mount Athos and the monastery are closed to visitors, so during the excursion you will take a boat ride along the shores of the peninsula and show you some of the monasteries from the water.
• Olympus. The most famous mountain in Greece has long been known to many of the myths of Ancient Greece. According to legend, Greek gods lived on this mountain. At an altitude of 950 meters there is an observation deck that offers amazing views of the surrounding area.
• Athens. Tourists head to the capital of Greece to see the Acropolis and the ancient Agora with their own eyes. I would only recommend visiting Athens if you are a lover of antiquity and excavations. Otherwise, the 500 km distance from Thessaloniki to Athens will exhaust you greatly.
• A trip to buy a fur coat in Kastoria or. As many people know, Greece is famous throughout the world for its fur coats, and Kastoria and Nea Kallikratia are famous for their shops and factories producing fur products.
• Trip to the capitals of neighboring countries: Sofia (291 km), Skopje (243 km). If you are flying to Greece on vacation, then you already have a Schengen visa, and you can use it to visit the capital of Bulgaria, Sofia, or the capital of Macedonia, Skopje.

Public transport in Greece is extremely poorly developed, so I recommend that you rent a car for traveling long distances. The only thing you need for this is to be an experienced driver, because... Greece has a lot of winding mountain roads. I recommend renting a car through the Rentalcars website, where prices and conditions of all rental companies are compared.

Some final conclusions

The city of Thessaloniki made a dual impression on me: on the one hand, beautiful buildings and well-preserved architecture, on the other, a lot of homeless people and beggars. They say that in Greece there are more homeless people only in Athens. We happened to visit the Thessaloniki bus station at night, and I want to say that we felt extremely uncomfortable precisely because of the incomprehensible, strange people. In central Europe there is no such sensation when walking in the evening.

Don’t even come here with a car: there will simply be nowhere to park it, and the streets are very narrow and not designed for parking by an inexperienced driver. Perhaps this is why motorcycles are so common here. You should only take a car if you have planned to visit places in Greece that are remote from Thessaloniki.

Thessaloniki - one of the largest cities in Greece, the “Holy City” and “Blessed Capital”, as the Greeks themselves call it, crossed the 2033-year mark in 2018.

Sights that have survived centuries, snow-white houses descending to the very waters of the Aegean Sea, many kilometers of sandy beaches in the suburbs, a mild climate and a relaxing atmosphere in the capital of Greek youth - here everyone will find a vacation to their taste!

As legend has it, the city of Thessaloniki was founded by the Macedonian king Kassander in 315 BC, and it received its beautiful name in honor of his wife - Thessaloniki. For more than two thousand years of history, the city was under the rule of the Romans, was part of the Byzantine Empire, was even the capital of a separate state - the Kingdom of Thessalonica, and spent more than 500 years as part of the Ottoman Empire.

Only in 1912-1923. The Greeks managed to win independence. Today Thessaloniki is one of the largest ports in the Balkans, the second largest and most economically important city in Greece, a cultural and youth capital and a famous tourist center.

Due to the predominance of white in the architecture of buildings, the city looks almost completely snow-white from the air or from the sea, which is why it is also called the “Bride of Thermaikos” (Thermaikos Gulf of the Aegean Sea, on the shores of which Thessaloniki is located). Also, Thessaloniki has a reputation among tourists as a city that never sleeps - many bars, cafes, nightclubs, discos are open and operating at night - so that lovers of club holidays will be satisfied. At the same time, on the outskirts of the city and in the suburbs you can fully relax for those who like silence and solitude.

Attractions

There are a lot of recommended places to visit here. Of course, it is better to devote at least 3-5 days to this city, but you can see the main attractions in just one. In this case, we recommend visiting the embankment, Aristotle Square and a number of monuments of early Christian and Byzantine culture located nearby.

Perhaps the most famous landmark and one of the symbols of the city.

The tower, 34 meters high and almost 23 meters in diameter, is located right on the shores of Thermaikos Gulf on the street. Victory.

It was part of the fortifications of the city walls during the reign of the Ottoman Empire. Built or rebuilt from earlier Byzantine fortifications during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent in 1530-1535.

According to legend, at the time when the tower was a prison (1820s), one of the prisoners bet with the jailers to be released that he could whitewash the tower alone in a short time. The daredevil succeeded and was released, and the name “White” was assigned to the tower.

Nowadays, its color is not white, but rather light beige with scorch marks, it has 6 floors, and at the top flutters the Greek flag, mounted on the mast of a ship that participated in the liberation battles with the Turks under the command of Admiral Nikolaos Votsis.

Inside the building there is an interactive museum dedicated to the history of the city. Particular attention is paid to traditional crafts, the structure and life of the Byzantine home, jewelry and cosmetics, as well as the travel of city residents to all corners of the world. At the top there is an observation deck overlooking the city and Thermaikos Gulf.

• Address: End Nikis Av, GR 54621, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
• Opening hours: November – March – 9.00-16.00, ticket price 4 euros.
• April – October: 8.00 – 20.00, ticket price 8 euros.
• Every day, except holidays - December 25-26, January 1, March 25, Easter Sunday, May 1.

The main square of the city, which rises from the Thermaic Gulf embankment up into the city, to the avenue of the same name, leading through the park to the ancient Roman forum. The square was designed by the French architect Ebrard in 1917. The perimeter is surrounded by beautiful buildings in the neoclassical style, and at the intersection with Tsimiski Street there is a huge flower clock - as usual, a favorite place for tourists to take photos.

The main figure in the square is a bronze Aristotle sitting on a granite pedestal. According to tourist customs, you need to rub his sandaled toe to become wiser!

Entrance to the square is free at any time of the day or night, especially since there are many cafes, shops, bookstores and other interesting establishments there.

The Thessaloniki embankment is the number one attraction on any tourist’s list, especially for those who prefer to leisurely explore the city on their own, without the fuss of a sightseeing tour.

Five kilometers along the edge of the sea, incredibly blue and beautiful. A leisurely walk will remind you of sea voyages, which, by the way, can be done right there.

Boats in the style of a small sailing ship ply along the embankment, entry to which is free, but ordering a drink is required: from 2.5 euros for water and from 4.5 euros for coffee. The duration of the boat trip along the embankment is 30 minutes. An excellent option for a boat trip with small children - they will love a real “schooner”!

Installation “Umbrellas”

Another popular place for photos, right there on the embankment. Open umbrellas are suspended on long “flagpoles” stretching into the sky, as if floating in the air. A very romantic and tender composition, installed in 1997 in honor of the city’s victory in the “European Capital of Culture” competition. In the evenings, the umbrellas are beautifully illuminated in lilac-pink tones.

Just a few blocks from Piazza Aristotle is the central market of Modiano - an abundance of fruits, vegetables, fresh fish, honey, cheese and spices, seasoned with local colorful accent, market noise and bustle. The best place to choose souvenirs from Greece for family and friends.

In addition to food products, at the market you can find handmade soaps, fabrics and scarves, medicinal cosmetics, Greek souvenirs, etc. In addition, you can sit in one of the small cafes and try dishes from products purchased there.

An early Christian temple built in 634 AD. at the place of execution of the holy martyr Demetrius of Thessalonica. Over its centuries-old history, the basilica burned in fires, was destroyed several times, restored, rebuilt into a mosque, and finally was returned to the Greeks in 1912.

Currently, the church is operational, Christian services are held, the relics of St. Demetrius of Thessalonica and some other saints are buried in it, the remains of ancient frescoes and mosaics of the 7th-8th centuries are preserved.

• Address: Agiou Dimitriou, 92-96.
• Admission is free; if you wish, you can leave a donation for the needs of the temple.
• Opening hours: Tue-Sat. – 8.00-20.00, Mon. – 12.30-19.00, Sun. 10.30 – 20.00.

Arch and rotunda of Galeria

A grandiose funeral complex was erected for the Roman Emperor Maximilian Galerius, who ruled in the 3rd-4th centuries. A part of the wall with bas-reliefs and two arches and a round tower - a rotunda, in which from the 5th century have been preserved to this day. n. e. was the church of St. George, and currently a museum of Christian art is open, and services are held only on holidays.

Many fragments of ancient frescoes have been preserved on the walls and dome of the rotunda.

• Address: Pl. Agiou Georgiou Rotonta, 7, Thessaloniki, 546 35, Greece
• Free admission.
• Opening hours: daily 8.30-15.00.

Another temple in the central part of the city, not far from the Arch of Galeria, a monument of Byzantine and early Christian art.

Built in the 13th century, during Turkish rule, it was naturally converted into a mosque. Despite the fact that part of the building was destroyed, it was possible to preserve and restore the unique wall painting inside.

• Address: Ekklisia Agios Panteleimonas Thessaloniki 543 51 Greece. (intersection of Egnatia and Iasonidou streets).
• Free admission.

Located within walking distance from Aristotle Square. From 2nd to 5th century. e. was the administrative center of the city with many buildings, a mint, an archive, public baths and craft workshops. Currently, the Odeum Theater and part of the walls have been preserved.

Entrance to the forum is free every day except Mondays from 8.30 to 15.00.

If you stay in Thessaloniki for several days, you can completely devote one of them to cultural and educational leisure and visiting museums:

Known as one of the most interesting museums in Greece. Ten rooms dedicated to archaeological finds from the Iron Age to the late Roman period of the city's history. It is especially famous for finds from the tomb of the Macedonian king Philip II, including the entirely golden coffin in which he was buried. One of the most famous exhibits is also the golden head of the gorgon Medusa.

Many examples of pottery have been preserved, from the simplest to the richly painted, as well as unique wall and floor mosaics and jewelry of amazingly fine workmanship for that time.

Descriptions of most of the museum's exhibits are made digitally on interactive boards.

• Address: Thessaloniki, Manolis Andronikos St., 6, GR 54621.
• Ticket price: 8 euros for adults, 4 euros for children.
• Opening hours: Mon. – Sat. – 8.00-20.00.

The largest museum of this type in Greece and, perhaps, the most interesting! A modern building reminiscent of a spaceship with diverse interactive exhibitions: ancient Greek technologies, a technology park, a collection of classic cars. Many devices can be controlled independently.

You can spend the whole day in this museum with children! Moreover, there is a cosmotheater, a digital planetarium and a virtual reality stimulator, where unusually beautiful films about space are shown, including in English.

• Address: 2nd Road, Building 47, Industrial Zone of Thessaloniki, Sindos, GR 57022, Thessaloniki Prefecture
• Opening hours: Mon-Fri. 9.00-16.00, Sat. 10-14.00.
• Ticket prices: adults – 5 euros, children – 4 euros, children under 5 years old free.

The main exhibitions are dedicated to the collections of the Russian avant-garde collected by the Greek collector George Costakis (including works by Kazimir Malevich and Wassily Kandinsky), and works by contemporary Greek artists are also exhibited.

• Ticket price: 3 euros, schoolchildren and students – 1.5 euros.
• Opening hours: Tue-Sun. – 10.00-18.00.

You can get to that legendary mountain from Thessaloniki in 2-3 hours by train or bus. You need to get to the town of Litochoro, located almost at the very foot of the mountain.

The fare is 7-9 euros.

From the railway station to Litochoro it is about 5 km on foot, the bus goes to the town itself. From Litochoro to the foot there are another 17 km, which can be covered on foot as a trek, or by taxi for about 25 euros.

Olympus has 4 peaks: Mitikas Peak, Skolio Peak, Stefani Peak and Skala Peak, each with a height of about 2900m.

Stephanie Peak from afar resembles the throne of Zeus and it is impossible to get there, just like hundreds of years ago, although now not because of the celestials, but because of the location of the British military radar. You can climb the remaining peaks on your own if you have the appropriate physical and tourist training. There are several shelters along the way for tourists to relax.

From January to March, ski resorts operate on Olympus.

One of the most picturesque in the vicinity of Thessaloniki. Located 22 km from the city.

• You can get there by buses No. 71, 71A, 72, 72A, 76 in 30 minutes.
• The fare is 1 euro, buses run from 5 am to 11 pm.

The beach is sandy, the water is clear, and on sunny days (and they are almost always sunny!) it has a light blue hue.

By the way, you can also get to the beach by water! Boats sail from the port of Thessaloniki for only 3 euros. The boat trip will take a little over an hour.

Half a meter storm waves, an artificial mountain river with waterfalls, many different water slides, slides with springboards, comfortable sun loungers for relaxation - here everyone will find entertainment to their taste. For the little ones there are special pools, mini slides and inflatable vests.

There is also a mini zoo on site.

• Address: Thessaloniki, 5th Road - Tagarades.
• Ticket price: 13.5 euros for adults, 10 euros for children from 4 to 14 years old.
• Children under 4 years old are free.
• Opening hours: all year round! from 1.09 to 15.06 - 10:00 – 18:00, from 16.06 to 15.07 - 10:00 – 19:00, from 16.07 to 15.08 - 10:00 – 20:00, from 16.08 – 31.08 - from 10:00 to 19:00.

What to see with children?

If you are here for just one day, then the ideal option is a walk along the embankment with a boat ride and a photo shoot at the “Umbrellas” installation. You can have time to visit the White Tower and go to the local market, where a lot of fruits and souvenirs are sold.

If you are vacationing in Thessaloniki for several days, Be sure to take your children to the technology museum. It will be an unforgettable experience! The most suitable entertainment options are the Waterland water park and a boat trip to one of the beaches in the surrounding area.

Thessaloniki (Greece) - the most detailed information about the city with photos. The main attractions of Thessaloniki with descriptions, guides and maps.

Thessaloniki city (Greece)

Thessaloniki (Thessaloniki) is the second most populous city in Greece, located in the north of the country in the historical region of Central Macedonia. It is the administrative center of the decentralized administration of Macedonia - Thrace and a major seaport. Thessaloniki is a beautiful city with a pleasant cosmopolitan atmosphere, where you can find many ancient monuments, admire ancient Byzantine churches listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites, sit in cozy cafes and enjoy traditional Greek cuisine.

Thessaloniki is considered the cultural capital of Greece. The city is famous for its vibrant and rich cultural life. It is also home to the largest university in the Balkans, which attracts many young people. Thessaloniki is a city with an ancient and rich history. The appearance of the old city was shaped by the ancient Greeks, Romans, Byzantines and Ottomans. Therefore, here you can see both ancient monuments of the ancient period and much more modern structures.

Geography and climate

Thessaloniki is located on the northern edge of the Thermaikos Gulf (Aegean Sea) and is bordered in the southeast by the Chortiatis Mountains. The climate is subtropical. Summers are quite hot and dry with average temperatures of 25 - 27 °C. Winters are cool with rare negative temperatures. The sea water temperature from July to September is 24 - 26 °C. You can swim from May to October.

Practical information

1. Population - more than 300 thousand people (agglomeration - more than 1 million people).
2. Area - 19.31 km².
3. Currency - euro.
4. Visa - Schengen.
5. Language - Greek.
6. Time - UTC +2, in summer +3.
7. Thessaloniki is famous for its shopping streets. The main ones are Tsimiski and Proxenou Koromila.
8. Thessaloniki cuisine has an oriental character and is distinguished by a large number of spices. The Greeks consider the city one of the gastronomic capitals. This all refers to local delicacies and inexpensive traditional dishes, and not to haute cuisine.
9. Thessaloniki is a youth city. Therefore, street food is very common here: souvlaki, gyros, crepes, roasted chestnuts. Young people often prefer the Goody's fast food chain.
10. Popular areas with many cafes and restaurants: Ladadika, Athonos, Ano Poli.

Story

Thessaloniki was founded in 315 BC. Macedonian king Cassander. He named the city after his wife Thessalonica, who was the sister of Alexander the Great. In 146 BC. Thessaloniki was captured by the Romans. After the collapse of the Roman Empire, the city became part of Byzantium. Thessaloniki was at the intersection of important trade routes from Constantinople to Rome and from Athens to the Black Sea region. This provided the city with rapid growth and wealth.

In the 6th-8th centuries, the Goths and Slavs tried to take Thessaloniki several times. In 904, the city was captured and plundered by Saracen pirates. Most of the inhabitants were sold into slavery. At the end of the 10th century, Thessaloniki was captured by the Bulgarians, and at the end of the 12th century by the Normans. In 1204 the city became the capital of the Kingdom of Thessalonica. However, already in 1246 this state was subordinated to the Nicaean Empire. In 1387 the city was captured by the Turks. The Ottomans ruled Thessaloniki until 1402, when, after their defeat in the war with Tamerlane, the city returned to the Byzantine Empire.

Old Byzantine walls

In 1430, the Ottoman Empire regained control of the city. During the period of Ottoman rule, Thessaloniki became one of the largest cities in Greece. At the same time, the ethnic and religious composition has changed greatly. The Greek nobility assimilated with the Turks, learned the Turkish language and converted to Islam. More than half of the population were Spanish Jews. Ladino became the main language in the city. The Greeks made up only 1/5 of the city's inhabitants. Most of them died during the military conflicts of the Middle Ages. Many Turks also lived in the city. Here, for example, the famous Mustafa Kemal Ataturk was born.

The Greeks regained control of Thessaloniki in 1912. During World War II the city was occupied by German troops. As a result of the outflow of the Turkish population and the genocide of the Jews by the Nazis, Thessaloniki became completely Greek.

How to get there

Thessaloniki Airport is located 15 km southeast of the city center and is connected to the following national and international destinations: Athens, Heraklion, Corfu, Santorini, Rhodes, Berlin, Düsseldorf, Frankfurt, Hamburg, Munich, Zurich, Vienna, Basel, London, Stockholm, Oslo, Paris, Milan, Rome, Bergamo, Prague, Budapest, Warsaw, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Krasnodar, Minsk, Bucharest, Yerevan. From the airport to the city you can take 24-hour buses 01X / 01N.

Trains and buses connect Thessaloniki with Athens, Sofia and Belgrade. Easily accessible by car from Athens, Istanbul, Belgrade, Tirana, Sofia.

Attractions

The central part of Thessaloniki, located inside the Byzantine walls, forms the oldest part of the city. It is divided into two parts: the main commercial area and, in fact, the historical center. The historical core of Thessaloniki is called Ano Poli or Upper Town and is declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The area was largely undamaged during the devastating fire of 1917.

Ano Poli is located on top of a hill. This atmospheric quarter is characterized by steep, winding streets, several artifacts from the Roman period, and a scattering of ancient Byzantine churches. Numerous Ottoman-era fountains recall Turkish influence. Odós Olympíados Street connects the Upper Town with the Lower Town, as well as with the old city walls and the citadel.

An interesting feature of the historical center of Thessaloniki are sections of the old fortress walls. The first walls were built around the city immediately after its foundation. They were further strengthened during the reign of Constantine. In the 14th and 15th centuries, the Ottomans already built additional defensive structures and towers. By the 19th century, Thessaloniki was completely surrounded by powerful fortifications. Their length was 8 km. Later, the Ottoman government decided to dismantle the ancient walls that were holding back the growth and development of the city.

The best place to start your tour of the old fortifications is from the Evangelistria cemetery north of the university town. Here you can see the massive 15th-century tower Trigonion, the Tower of Anna with a gate leading to the citadel, on the site of an ancient acropolis.

Heptapyrgion is a fortress of “seven towers” ​​located at the highest point of the Upper City. The northern towers are thought to have been built in the late 4th century, while the five southern ones are believed to have been built in the 12th century. Until the end of the 19th century, the fortress was a defensive structure, and then was used as a prison for 100 years.

The White Tower is the most recognizable landmark of Thessaloniki, located on the picturesque embankment. The tower was built in 1530 by the Ottomans to protect the city from the sea and was part of the city's fortifications. During the Ottoman period there was a prison and a place of numerous tortures. Because of this, the structure was called the “tower of blood.” Later it was symbolically repainted white and called the “White Tower”. Today you can climb the tower and enjoy a magnificent panorama of the harbor and the city. Inside there is a collection of the museum of Byzantine culture: early Christian coins, vases, mosaics, wall paintings.

Aristotle Square is Thessaloniki's main square, designed in 1918 by the French architect Ernest Hebrard.

Ladadika is a historic district near the port with colorful 19th-century buildings and provincial Mediterranean charm.

A few blocks from Aristotle Square are the ruins of the Roman Forum (most likely an ancient agora). The center of social and political life of ancient Thessaloniki, built in the 1st century AD. and discovered by chance, includes two Roman baths, as well as a small theater that was used for gladiatorial games.

The Arch of Galerius is an ancient Roman monument built at the end of the 3rd century AD. in honor of the victory over the Persians. This building was the main entrance to the city. The arch had four spans and a marble facade decorated with complex reliefs. Two spans and parts of the reliefs have survived to this day, which, by the way, are much better preserved than on the Arch of Constantine in Rome.

The Rotunda of Galeria (Church of St. George) is Thessaloniki's most magnificent ancient monument, built at the beginning of the fourth century as a mausoleum for the emperor of the same name. The Byzantine Emperor Theodosius turned the mausoleum into a Christian church at the end of the 4th century. During the Ottoman period, the building was converted into a mosque. In 1912, the rotunda again became a church. The rotunda has a cylindrical domed architecture similar to the Roman Pantheon. The dome has a diameter of 24 meters, and the height of the rotunda is 30 meters. The inside of the dome is decorated with magnificent mosaics.

Basilica of St. Dimitri

Basilica of St. Demetrius is the main religious building of Thessaloniki, located north of the Roman Forum. This magnificent Byzantine basilica was built in the fifth century on the site of an early Christian church near an ancient Roman bath. Fragments of the bathhouse are still visible on the north side of the building, and the remains of a Roman road can be seen in the crypt. The church was named after the city's patron saint, Demetrius, who was imprisoned and executed here in 306. For centuries, pilgrims came from all over the Byzantine Empire to venerate the saint's relics, which were kept in a sarcophagus in front of the iconostasis. The church has rich interior decorations. During the Ottoman period it was converted into a mosque.

The Church of the 12 Apostles is a beautiful 14th-century Byzantine brick church located on the edge of the old town, close to the Byzantine walls. During the Turkish period the building was used as a mosque. The church boasts exquisite frescoes and mosaics from the late Byzantine period, which were discovered during restoration work in 1940. On the north side there is a cistern that belonged to the former monastery.

Church of St. Sofia is one of the most important historical churches of the city. The first religious building was built in the 8th century. In the 9th-10th century, the church was decorated with expressive figured mosaics. From 1204 to 1430, the religious building had the status of a cathedral. During the Ottoman period there was a mosque here. The original building did not survive the great fire in 1917.

Church of St. St. Paul's is a majestic modern church in the style of historical Byzantine architecture, built in 1922 on the site of a small chapel from the second half of the 19th century. According to legend, the church is located near the source where the Apostle Paul drank water.

Church of St. Catherine is a late Byzantine church located in the northwestern part of the Upper Town. During the reign of Sultan Bayezid II it was converted into a mosque.

Church of St. Panteleimon is a religious building of the late Byzantine period, built in the 13th-14th century. Located in the eastern part of the old city near the Arch of Galeria.

The Temple of Hosios David is a small Byzantine church that was part of the Latomou monastery. It was built at the end of the 5th century and is famous for its magnificent mosaics and frescoes from the 12th to 14th centuries.

Church of St. Nicholas Orphanos is a small Byzantine church from the early 14th century, famous for its frescoes. Unlike most ancient churches, Thessaloniki was not converted into a mosque by the Turks.

Vlatadon Monastery is an ancient Byzantine monastery from the 14th century, which is considered one of the oldest and most important monuments of the Byzantine period in Thessaloniki. Known for its collection of Byzantine icons.

Basilica of Achiropiitos is an early Christian basilica from the 5th century. Considered one of the most striking examples of early Byzantine architecture, it is known for its impressive frescoes and mosaics.

Bey Hamam is the oldest of the Ottoman baths in Thessaloniki with colorful wall paintings and marble pools. It was built in 1444 during the reign of Murad II.

Alaka Imaret Mosque is a 15th century Ottoman mosque with wall paintings and interesting relief elements.

• Museum of Byzantine Culture - covers thousands of artifacts from the early Christian and Byzantine periods: frescoes, mosaics and wall paintings, ceramics and textiles.
• Archaeological Museum - collections from the Hellenistic, Archaic, Classical and Roman periods.