Pass 1a category of difficulty. Below is a list of mountain passes in the Western Caucasus. In parentheses are the category of the pass and the height of the pass. Technical description of the route

Report
about the mountain tourist training
hike of the second category of difficulty
in the Western Caucasus,
committed by a group of tourists from the mountain tourism club "Serpentin" (Sochi)
from 11 to 24 July 2008

2.8. Technical description of the route

Wake up at 6:20. Partly cloudy. The state of the group is combat.

Pass Duritsky was visible to us from the lane. Ak-Ayry Vost., now, respectively, we see it from the parking lot.

We leave at 8:00. Directly in front of us is a U-shaped scree-grass saddle. This is the false pass of Duritsky, it leads to the valley of the Belaya River. Our pass is located to the left (west) and is hidden from us by a destroyed rocky ridge. We go along the path along the bottom of the circus and climb to the next terrace of the valley. We keep to the left side in the direction of travel. Tours are stacked in places where screes come out. At 8:48 we stop for a 10-minute halt on the next terrace. Having passed along a wide snow-covered gutter formed by the main ridge and an old ram's forehead at the bottom of the circus, we exit under the pass take-off.

The pass rise from the east is a conglomerate scree with a steepness of 30-40 degrees and a length of about 100 m, flattening upwards. At the moment of passing in the upper part there was a small snowfield.

At 10:10 the group climbed the pass. Pass Duritsky 1A *, 3000 m, located in the Arkasar ridge, connects the valleys of the Amanauz and Burnaya rivers (a tributary of the Bolshaya Laba), has an E-W orientation. Represents a wide (about 50 m) scree saddle of destroyed rocks. Tour in the middle.

In the east we see the dominant c. Pshish, to the right of it is visible the city of Chuchkhur, even to the right of the city of Sofia. In the west, the city of Dukka-Bashi is visible in the Arkasar ridge, per. Dorbun, d/r Burnaya, d/r B.Laba.

In the tour, a note was found from a group of tourists from the tourist club "Citadel", Belarus, Brest, dated August 18, 2008, who made a trip of the 2nd grade.

At the pass we eat a chocolate bar, take a photo, leave a note and at 10:50 we begin the descent.

The descent begins in the southwestern part and is a scree 50 m long.

The steepness is up to 40 degrees, the scree is small, mobile. Then an exit to a snowfield of the same steepness, which flattens down the valley. Crossing a couple of snowfields and scree, we make a halt at 12:25 at the bottom of the valley of the right tributary of the river. Stormy under the lane. Dorbun.

We confer with the whole group about the further path of movement. There are two options. First: go down to the confluence of the right and left tributaries of the river. Stormy, then go up the left tributary to the circus of the passes of Poachers and Vorontsov-Velyaminov. Second: Going down to the confluence, cross the buttress separating the right and left rivers. Stormy.

After consulting, we accept the second option, considering it more interesting and panoramic.

Then we go to the south, starting the traverse of the scree spur of the ridge. Climbing the spur, we find out that the ridge is single, but cut by scree couloirs into rays converging in the upper part. We are on the northernmost beam. The extreme southern beam is turned towards us by a large number of simple rock outcrops on a steep grassy slope, overcoming which will require a significant expenditure of effort. Therefore, we climb up our ridge to the place where the rays converge. The steepness of the slope is about 20-30 degrees. Crossing the snowfield.

We walk along the snowfield of the ridge that has not melted the supercharging and cross the supercharging of the upper part in the place of its flattening and go out to the ridge dividing the tributaries.

We cross the ridge, which is a large stone scree of medium steepness, and we have a panorama overlooking the Vorontsov-Velyaminov glacier and the valley of the river. Stormy. The path of the ascent to the lane is completely visible. Vorontsov-Velyaminov.

At 13:20 in this panoramic place we stop for a halt to enjoy the beauty of the views. At 13:40 we start descending from the ridge, represented by a grassy-scree slope with a steepness of about 30 degrees. At 14:00 we stop on a gently sloping grassy terrace, where we stop for lunch. From the terrace we have a great view of the lane. Poachers, where we soon notice a group of Timofeev D.V.

In the parking lot there is a powerful stream, where we take water.

We observe the group of D.V. Timofeev descending from the pass. When they descended below the level of our terrace, we establish a voice connection with them. After talking and learning the latest news, we return to our business. Because we have two half-walks left to go, during lunch we dry things, rest.

At 16:35 we go down from the place of lunch by traverse down the sloping medium stone scree to the lake in the circus per. Poachers. On the lake 16:50 a small halt.

At 17:00 we leave along the sloping scree plateau of the retreating glacier to the right of the nunatak, which separates the two branches of the Vorontsov-Velyaminov glacier. We plan to go to the left-bank moraine, where, according to the description, there are places for overnight stays. Steepness up to 15 degrees. Approaching the slope of the moraine, we find sites for three tents.

There is a stream nearby, so at 17:15 we stop here for a halt. As it turned out later, there are indeed many sites for tents on the ridge, but there is no water.

We set up camp and have dinner at 19:30. Partly cloudy. Tours approached the camp in the evening.

The group is in good condition.

In mountain tourism and mountaineering, there are categories of difficulty (c.s.), defined by the Unified All-Russian Sports Classification of Tourist Routes (EVSKTM) and Recommendations for the classification of climbing routes, approved by the Russian Mountaineering Federation.

The category of complexity of the trip consists of the number and complexity of local obstacles, the length of the route and its duration. In total, there are six categories of difficulty for hiking and for local obstacles - passes and peaks. Hikes are classified from the 1st to the 6th class, and for local obstacles the following gradations are introduced: uncategorized passes (n.k.), 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B.

"Uncategorized" (n.k.) hikes are used to prepare beginners and are available to everyone, as well as a hike of the 1st category of difficulty. They differ in that they lack the number of passes or they are too short. Usually, hiking n.k. and 1st K.S. take place in low mountainous areas, they are not dangerous for health and do not require special technical skills and special equipment.

Sections of the second - simple difficulty - are snow-ice sections with a steepness of 25-30 ° and not steep rocks. When passing, elementary climbing training is required.

Sections of the third - medium difficulty - are ice-snow sections with a steepness of 30-45 °. Mountaineering itself begins with this category of difficulty, since movement in such areas requires special mountaineering training and equipment to organize safe movement (insurance).

Sections of the fourth - above average difficulty (difficult). These are steep (40-55°) ice-snow slopes and ridges with a variety of snow cornices, the passage of which requires intense free climbing and a good command of the technique of moving along the piedmont terrain. Equipment: climbing shoes, crampons, ice axes, for the organization of insurance and self-insurance - various rock pitons, ice axes, bookmarks, carabiners, hammers, expendable cord, ropes.

The sections of the fifth difficulty are steep (more than 45°) ice-snow slopes, walls and ridges with various snow cornices, which are passed on the front teeth of crampons, but mainly require the creation of artificial support points. For the passage of these sections, good special climbing technical, tactical, physical and moral training is required. Equipment: special climbing shoes, crampons, ice axes, a large set of various rock pitons, embedded elements, drills, carabiners, hammers, auxiliary cord, ladders. Belay and self-insurance - only hook, descents are carried out only by rappels.

Sections of the sixth difficulty are smooth vertical and overhanging rocks with a very limited number of inconvenient and small-sized holds, stops, ledges, ledges necessary for organizing movement, and even cracks that allow organizing artificial points. There are practically no even short narrow (for one person) shelves for relaxation. The sections require for their passage an excellent command of the highest special climbing technique of movement, tactical, physical, psychological and moral preparation, possession of special climbing techniques and can be passed by a limited number of very well trained mountaineers.

It is not enough to know the categories of passes, they must be felt. On a non-categorical one, you calmly walk along the path uphill, then down the mountain, a kind of walking tour. 1A is the simplest of the categorical ones - self-insurance is enough. This is when you insure yourself - with an alpenstock or, because with a backpack our jumping ability and mobility suffer greatly. Well, constant attention - every step with your foot needs to be thought out, taking into account the slippery surface, and "live" stones and moving loose rocks. On more difficult passes, so carefully trained in knots, strapping and railings are already needed.

Emotions are also important in the mountains. With heavy loads, people are not so kind, someone holds back anger, someone tears. And then you watch the video of another group - the girl climbs the rope and smiles. - Why is she without a backpack? - She couldn’t, the boys raised her for her. And he smiles, and when you couldn’t drag your backpack, you didn’t want to smile at all.

The knees are a weak point, but not for everyone. The load on them is large, especially on the descent, and some wrap their knees with elastic bandages for prevention. Others suffer from hip joints and this is worse - you can’t wrap them up anymore.

There is another nuisance that can be encountered - a sprain in the foot. Neither saving nor caution helps - when you, along with a 16-kilogram, are literally blown away by the wind when moving along the slippery valleys of overflowing streams, you can get such a nuisance that you will feel six months after the trip.

Star means a possible increase in the categorization of the pass, depending on the conditions of passage.
exclamation mark means increased avalanche risk.
"Khibiny autumn"- November," Khibiny winter spring- December-April.
The classifier was created by Konstantin Beketov.

Notes:

1. The technical complexity of the sections given in columns 2, 3 and 4 and the ways to overcome them are characteristic only for this category of difficulty of the passes and do not occur when overcoming the passes of the previous categories. It is allowed to have sections of any length with the complexity typical for the passes of the previous categories.
2. Belay points are places (positions) for securing and etching the rope with an ice ax, hooks with carabiners, rocky ledges, ice columns, over the shoulder, lower back, etc. descent.
3. The presence of potentially dangerous areas (rockfalls, avalanches, ice falls) does not affect the difficulty category of the pass and should be taken into account in the tactics of passage and in the selection of equipment.
4. To pass passes of any category of difficulty in winter conditions or with deep snow cover on the slopes, it is additionally required to have avalanche cords (20 m) for each participant and avalanche shovels, one for every 2-3 people.

This list contains brief information about the passes located on the territory of the Caucasian Reserve. The eastern border of the Reserve runs along the watercourses of the river. Damkhurts and r. Bolshaya Laba, and captures the territory of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic; the southern one runs either along the side spurs, or along the Main Dividing Range within the Kasnodar Territory. The western border is located on the western and northwestern outskirts of the Lagonaki plateau. In the north, the border stretches along the systems of the Rocky and Peredovoy ranges.

This list was created on the basis of the previously published List of passes in the mountainous part of the Krasnodar Territory and the Republic of Adygea (Butvin I., Samoylenko A., 1997), taking into account the information and clarifications accumulated over the past decade.

This list provides information on 172 passes, while 71 passes (ie the largest number) have a difficulty category of "1A". These are natural obstacles that are easy to overcome: scree, rocky and snowy slopes up to 30 ° steep or gentle glaciers without cracks, or steep grassy slopes. There may be trails on the approaches to these passes. The simplest passes - non-categorical - are presented in the "List" in the amount of 45. The number of passes "1B" - "2A" of the category of difficulty is 43. These are simple and medium steep sections (up to 45 °), where sometimes it is necessary to use special climbing equipment. Difficult passes, "2B" - "3A" category of difficulty, are presented in the amount of 13, which is only 7.5% of the total number of all described passes.

The passes in the list are grouped according to local areas of large mountain ranges or their groups, according to established tourist and mountaineering mountain lists, and also depending on the absolute height. For each pass in the list, the following data are given: serial number within the subregion; the name of the pass; altitude in meters above sea level (data are given either according to marks on topographic maps, or according to altimeter readings); category of difficulty of the pass in the summer and the nature of the main areas determining the difficulty of the pass (rocks, scree, ice, snow, grass, forest); river valleys, lakes, glaciers that connect the passes. The note provides additional information: information about the first ascent (who and when), geographical features, historical and toponymic information.

The list includes the following local areas:

(Lagonaki highland, Fisht-Oshtenovsky massif).

(massif Amuko - Bolshaya Chura - Achishkho, Tybga massif - Dzhemaruk - Chugush, Assara ranges- Vorobiev - Jitaku - Urushten, Dzhuga-Bambak massifs).

3. Thachi arrays - Acheshbok.

4. Eastern part of the Caucasian Reserve (Pseashkha massif, Chelipsi-Alous-Yatyrgvarta massifs; Aishkha Ridge; Rocky massif; ridge Tsakhvoa (Herzen); Kardyvachsky mountain knot; Yukha-Damkhurts massifs: Imeretinsky mountain junction; Aibginsky and Atsetuksky ridges).

5. Magisho-Gentu massifs.

Let's briefly consider each of them.

1. Northwestern part of the Caucasian Reserve

Lagonaki Highlands stands out in the system of mountains of the Western Caucasus as a separate structure and adjoins from the north to the GKH in the area of ​​the Belorechensky pass and Chigursan pass. It is located in the interfluve of the Belaya and Pshekha rivers. The borders are drawn along the cliffs of the Nagoi-Chuk massif and the Montenegrin plateau in the west, rocky ledges of the Stone Sea and Azish-Tau ridges in the east; in the south, the border runs along the Guzeripl, Armenian and Belorechensky passes. The highest point of the highlands is Mount Fisht (2868 m). The total area is about 700 km2.

The Lagonaki Highlands is a small remnant of a vast middle mountainous country that once existed in the Caucasus. The modern surface is a kind of cuesta, due to the monoclinal occurrence of layers. Some of the passes (Maikopsky, Geimanovsky gates, etc.) are located in places where limestone rocks come to the surface, forming vertical walls.

The southern edge of the highlands is bordered by a mountain group Fisht-Oshtenovsky massif . This building resembles a huge impregnable fortress. The massifs of the Fisht and Pshekho-Su mountains are bounded on almost all sides by rocky cliffs and huge glacial cirques. A little far from them stands the Oshtenovsky massif, which is connected to the Fisht mountain by a bridge of the Fisht-Oshtenovsky pass (2205 m).

In total, we collected information on 15 passes on Lagonaki, including 13 non-categorical, 1 - 1-A, 1 -1-B k.t. Heights vary from 1463 m to 2675 m (Oshten Saddle).

For a long time, trade routes to the sea went through some passes. Before the war, the famous 30th All-Union route "Along Adygea to the Black Sea" began to operate, which crossed the Guzeriplsky lane (1965 m), Armenian (1852 m), Belorechensky (1782 m), Cherkessky (1836 m). A little later, the 825th All-Union Planned Route (Maikop-Lazarevskoye) began to function, starting on foot from the Lagonaki t / b and then following through the lane. Azishskiy (1775 m), Abadzeshskiy (2043 m), Oshtenovskiy (2117 m), Maikopskiy (1950 m), Chigursan (1889 m).

2. Western part of the Caucasian Reserve

Massifs Amuko - Bolshaya Chura - Achishkho. The Amuko ridge with the peak of the same name (1918 m) adjoins the GKH from the southwest in the region of Mount Bolshaya Chura. The length of the ridge from west to east is about 10 km. Pass 1 Amuko with grassy-scree slopes, located in the southwestern shoulder of Mount Amuko and connecting the rivers Agva (Sochi River basin) and Ushkha (Sochi River basin), has been classified. In the off-season, 1-A k.t.

The Bolshaya Chura massif is located in the axial zone of the Main Watershed and adjoins the Amuko Ridge from the east. The highest point is Mount Bolshaya Chura (2250.7 m). The massif has steep southern and western slopes, relative elevations are up to 1000-1100 m. Above the 2-kilometer isoline are open areas. The Achishkho massif also belongs to the system of GVH ridges and rises from the northwest above the village. Krasnaya Polyana, the highest point - Mount Achishkho - 2391.4 m. Cattle or hunting trails rise to the massif from different sides. The "List" includes 4 passes, simple and accessible. The Achishkho region is distinguished by the fact that it is considered the wettest place in the country. There are only 60-70 clear, sunny days here a year, and precipitation often exceeds 4-4.5 thousand mm per year.

Massif Tybga-Dzhemaruk-Chugush It connects with the Achishkho massif by a wooded lintel of the Colchis Gate Pass. Located in the northern spurs of the GKH. The highest point of the massif is Mount Chugush (3237.8 m). In our opinion, it is also one of the most western three-thousander peaks in the Caucasus. This is a real world of highlands with pointed peaks of rocks, relatively powerful (by the standards of the Western Caucasus) mountain glaciation, large scree, snowy slopes, “ram's foreheads”. It is difficult to get here from the south, from Krasnaya Polyana you need to spend 2.5 - 3 days to get to the Chugush glacier. From the north, from Guzeripl to Mount Tybga (3064.6 m) about 40 km. In total, 19 passes were passed and classified, the highest of which is K. Yu. Guzeripl. A major role in the development of this massif belongs to Maikop tourists-pedestrians. In honor of one of them - A. Kh. Bagov, the first master of sports in tourism in the Republic of Adygea, one of the passes was named.

Ridges Assar - Vorobiev - Jitaku - Urushten are located in the neighborhood to the south-east of the Tybga-Dzhemaruk-Chugush massifs. If the 1st ridge is located in the axial zone of the GKH, then the rest are its northern spurs. This is the heart of the reserve and, moreover, very inaccessible. Passes through this range lead mainly from the basin of the Achipse River to the basin of the Kish River. The length of the ridge, which has a horseshoe shape, is 7-8 km. Glaciers lie in cross-shaped depressions on the northern slopes. They, in combination with rocky-scree slopes, create certain difficulties in overcoming depressions in the ridge. The passes here can be rated 2A-2B k.t. In hr. Vorobyov knows 4 passes, the most difficult of them is 2A. In the upper reaches of the Kitaika River, the right tributary of the Kishi River, there are the lowest glaciers in the Caucasus, the tongues of which descend to 1710-1800 m. The paths to the Vorobyov and Vosmerykh passes run through them. In hr. Jitaku is one of the difficult classified passes - Camel (2690 m), estimated 3A k.t. It connects the sources of the Kitaika River and the bass. the river Laura. The main difficulty is overcoming the 150-meter rocky ice fault from the north side and the increased rock hazard of the slopes due to heavily destroyed rocks. Some of the passes in this part were first passed and described in the scientific and sports expedition "Caucasian Reserve-94", one of the leaders of which was the author. Among them: Sinerechensky (2A, 2750 m, s./s./s.), Nadozerny (1B-2A, 2682 m), Osypnoy (1A-1B, 2405 m, grass./s./s.) - in the ridge Jitaku; Koshkareva False. (1B, 2740 m, sk./s./grass.) in the ridge. Urushten.

To the north of the above is mountain junction Dzhuga - Bambak . From the south it borders on the Aspidny lane, from the north along the Solontsovy Ridge, the western border runs along the valley of the Kish River, the eastern - along the valley. Urushten river. The highest point is Mount Dzhuga (2975.9 m). Several small glaciers lie on the northern slopes of Dzhuga. Well-cleaned reserved paths lead to the junction from the side of the “Kish” cordon through the lane. Slate and from the lane. Damn Gate. In total, 7 easy passes were classified, including three 1A k.t. and three n/a.

3. Thachi-Acheshbok arrays

Thachi Ridge - Acheshbok - Chests is located in the system of mountains of the Front Range on the border of the Caucasian Reserve. The relief is cuesto-shaped, the northern slopes are mostly grassy, ​​steep (up to 40-45°), the orientation slopes are 150-250-meter rock bastions. A well-trodden path follows the crest of the ridge. In total, 5 n / a passes are known with heights of 1951-2150 m.

4. Eastern part of the Caucasian Reserve

Pseashkha massif relatively well studied by climbers, tourists, scientists because of its accessibility. From Krasnaya Polyana in 1.5-2 days you can get to the Kholodny camp (Urushten river valley) and to the upper reaches of Malaya Laba. From here to the peaks and passes within easy reach. The western boundary of the massif runs along a low depression in the Main Watershed separating the basins of the Urushten and Laura rivers. This is the Pseashkha pass (n / c, 2014 m). Back in 1845, the Russian officer Baron Tornau penetrated through it from the valley of the Urushten River to Krasnaya Polyana. He later wrote: "This plain, inconspicuously leaning on one side to the northeast, on the other to the southwest, formed a fracture in the terrain." The pass, as Yu.K. Efremov notes in his wonderful book “The Paths of the Mountainous Black Sea Region”, is really outstanding. It is of the valley type. You can go to the saddle for half a day and think to yourself: “When will we finally arrive?” So here, too, the pass point lies on a barely visible convexity of the bottom of a flat valley.

The Pseashkha massif stands out for its compactness, pointed peaks, by local standards, powerful glaciation (given by V.D. Panov, the area of ​​the Pseashkho lane is 1.8 km 2, and the length is 3.1 km). Here, 10 passes were explored, in addition to the simple pass described above. Pseashkha is trans. Builders (1B, 2800 m), per. Neftyanik (1B, 2940 m), per. Marble (1B *, 2800 m) and others. To the first two from the side of the Chisty River, the path often runs along the Kholodny glacier, one of the longest in the region. The Marble Pass presents an increased danger during rains (again from the side of the Chistaya River).

Massifs of Chelipsi-Alous-Yatyrgvarta very picturesque, but extremely rarely visited by people. The highest point is Mount Chelipsi (3097 m). The Alous Ridge, meridionally elongated from south to north, separates the basins of the Achipsta and Chelipsi rivers; there are practically no trails on it. In the array passed 15 passes, of which one of the most difficult - per. Chelipsi Zap. (2A, 2811 m). Through the lane Alous and Mastakan passed through the defense line during the war years, and in the 60-70s a planned tourist trail operated. Tryu pass (n / a, 2330 m), connecting the Yatyrgvarta massif and the ridge. Stack, - a classic example of the fact that the saddle is just below the height mark of the pass.

Aishkha Ridge- this is a section of the GKH from the Aishkha pass to the Five pass. This is a long (about 30 km) and seemingly gentle chain of meadow peaks, between which there are shallow depressions of saddles. A trodden path runs along the ridge. Here are known 5 passes n / a - 1-A k.t., the heights are in the range of 1965-2625 m.

Of particular interest is ridge Tsakhvoa (Herzen) - the watershed between the rivers Damkhurts and Tsakhvoa, located in the northern spur of the Main Range, adjacent to it in the area of ​​Mount Tsyndyshkha (3139 m) and having a length of 16 km. The highest point of the ridge is Mount Tsakhvoa (3345.2 m). This peak is considered the highest point of the Krasnodar Territory. There are several more peaks exceeding 3100-3200 m above sea level. The slopes of the ridge are very steep, and in places sheer, dissected by deep steep valleys, streams and gullies. The valleys of the tributaries of the Bezymyanka and Tsakhvoa rivers form crossbars, through which it is very difficult to climb. Only 12 passes from 1A to 3A k.t. have been passed in the ridge.

Relatively well researched Kardyvach mountain knot - a well-known tourist and mountaineering area. 18 passes have been mastered, including n / a -3, 1A - 12, 1B - 2, 2A - 1. The maximum height is 2850 m, the lowest mark is 2100 m.

Imereti mountain junction for a long time it remained a little-studied and remote area of ​​the reserve. However, over the past decades, the situation has changed, and by now there are 16 passes from n / a to 2B k.t.

Ridges Aibginsky and Atsetuksky merged into one subregion. Its length is 35 km, the highest point is Mount Agepsta (3257 m), it has a general Caucasian strike and stretches south of the GKH, separated by the Mzymta valley. 10 passes of various difficulty categories have been certified: from n / a to 1B k.t., the height of the passes ranges from 1500 to 2600 m.

5. Magisho and Gento massifs

Mountain junction of Magisho - Gentoo located partly on the border with the Republic of Karachay-Cherkessia. The highest point is Mount Magisho (3160 m). From the side of the valley of the river Bolshaya Laba - good transport entrances. Cattle and tourist trails have long passed through the Umpyr and Magisho passes. Alpine meadows are natural pastures for livestock: horses, sheep.

Conventions and abbreviations

1953,9 precise elevation
1950 approximate elevation
~2600 approximate elevation
(Zero Picket) or /ur. Agepsta/ variant of the name, usually equivalent
(bass river Belaya) explanation of the location of the object
[Jish] historical name (toponym)
"flowerbed" rarely used toponym
[?] no exact localization of the toponym
FROM- north, Z- west, YU- south, AT- East
sowing- northern, app.- western, south- southern, east- eastern
ch.- main[-th], center.— central[th], node- nodal[-th] B.- big[-oh], M.- small[th] upper- upper[-yay], lower- lower[-th] rights.- right[th], a lion.- left[th],
per.- pass, ice.- glacier [ice. № 21 — glacier number according to the ″Catalog of glaciers…″] G.- mountain, in.- top, P.- peak, ridge- ridge, GVH- Main Dividing Range
lake- lake, R.- river, manual- stream, d.r.- river valley bass. R.- river basin
ur.- tract

Conditional reductions in the category of difficulty of passes

herbs, (tr.) grassy
sk. rocky
os talus
forest. forest
ld. ice
sn. snow
n/a. not categorized

Note: All heights and references are given according to the topographic basis of the scale М 1:25000

All maps open on click in large size (2-3mb)

Article navigation:

Lagonaki, Fisht-Oshtenovsky massif

Amuko - Bol. Chura - Achishkho

Tybga - Dzhemaruk - Chugush

Assara - Vorobieva - Jitaku

Juga - Bambak

Thach — Acheshbok

Pseashkha massif

Chelipsi – Alous – Yatyrgvarta

Rocky massif, Aishkha ridge and Tsakhvoa (Herzen) ridge

Kardyvach mountain knot

The Ozerny Ridge, the Imeretinsky mountain junction and the Shepsi massif

Massifs of Damkhurts, Juha, Magisho and Dzhentu

Literature

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2. Akimchenkov G. F. Report on a mountain tourist trip of the 3rd category of complexity. (Materials of the expedition "Caucasian Reserve"). – Krasnodar, 1994
3. Albov N. M. Report on the botanical research of Abkhazia in 1890 // Notes of the Caucasian Department of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society. 1893. Book. fifteen
4. Albov N. M. Journey in the Black Sea Mountains in 1894 // Notes of the Caucasian Department of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society. 1896. Book. eighteen
5. Apostolov L. Ya. Geographical sketch of the Kuban region. - Tiflis, 1897
6. Apostolov L. Ya. Kuban-Black Sea region. - Krasnodar, 1924
7. Bagov A. Kh. Report on a hiking tourist trip of the fifth category of difficulty in the Western Caucasus in the period from September 25 to October 18, 1971 - Maykop, 1972
8. Bagov A.Kh. Report on a mountain and hiking tourist trip through the Western Caucasus in the period from April 12 to April 30, 1963 - Maykop, 1963
9. Bondarev N.D. In the mountains of Abkhazia. - M., 1981
10. Bormotov I. V. Report on a walking tour of the IV category of complexity in the Western Caucasus. – Maykop, 1979
11. Bormotov I. V. Mountainous Adygea. – Novosibirsk, 2009
12. Borchevsky S.I. Through the Pseashkha Pass to Krasnaya Polyana // Kuban and Chernomorye. - Krasnodar, 1927
13. Butvin I. V. Chugush mountain range: toponymy, passes and modern glaciation // Bulletin of the Krasnodar regional branch of the Russian Geographical Society. 2000. Issue. 2. Part 2
14. Butvin I. V. Materials of the tourist club of the Krasnodar Polytechnic Institute for 1953 - 1965 (From the personal archive of I. V. Butvin). – Krasnodar, 2000
15. Butvin I. V. Report-diary of a scientific and sports expedition of the 5th category of complexity in the Caucasian Reserve (September - October 1989). – Krasnodar, 1989
16. Butvin IV Report on the glaciological, limnological and geomorphological survey of the basins of the right tributaries of the Belaya, the Kishi and Chessu rivers. – Krasnodar, 1995
17. Butvin I. V. Preliminary report on the survey of lakes and glaciation of the Bambaka, Dzhuga and Urushten massifs (August 11 - 21, 1995). – Krasnodar, 1996
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