The meaning of the word “settlement.” Urban-type settlement in Russia Where is the town located?
ü Urban villages (Krasnoselsky, Shumilino, Ostrovets, Radashkovichi, Krasnopolye, Mikashevichi, Lelchitsy).
An urban village is a populated area where more than 3 thousand people live, industrial and other enterprises, social and cultural facilities are located.
ü Resort villages (Only 1 – Naroch).
A resort village is a populated area where at least 2,000 residents live and there are sanatoriums, holiday homes, boarding houses, and businesses.
ü Workers' settlements (Elizovo, there is a glass factory there).
Workers' village – this is a populated area where at least 500 people live and which is located near large enterprises, construction sites, power plants, etc.
We have a new concept: agricultural towns.
Test (for admission to graduate school):
Agrotown is:
1) city
2) urban village
Rural settlement
Rural settlements
Unlike cities and urban-type settlements, rural settlements never have the status of an administrative-territorial unit; they are territorial units. Divided into the following categories:
ü Agrotowns - this is a new type of settlements, the formation of which is associated with the implementation of the program for the revival and development of rural areas approved by the President for 2005-2010.
An agricultural town is a well-maintained rural settlement in which there are agricultural (collective farms), trading enterprises (shops), social and cultural facilities (school, library).
ü Villages (There are no clear criteria for distinguishing a village from an agricultural town. But a village is a less developed settlement).
A village is a rural settlement in which there are trading enterprises, social or cultural facilities and is not classified as an agricultural town.
ü Other rural settlements : village, farm. A village is a larger SNP than a village.
Administrative-territorial units that are not populated areas:
Region
A region is a large administrative-territorial unit consisting of districts and cities of regional subordination.
Neither the Constitution nor other acts of legislation of Belarus contain a list of regions, which means that decisions on the formation of new regions or the abolition of existing ones can be made by authorized state bodies (the President). The Constitution of the BSSR of 1978, on the contrary, contained an exhaustive list of regions of Belarus. Each region has an administrative center - a city of regional subordination (the center of the Minsk region is the capital).
Area
A district is an administrative-territorial unit consisting of village councils, cities of regional subordination, and other territories.
Today, one region of the Republic includes approximately 20 districts. The district has an administrative center, which can be a city or an urban-type settlement. There are 118 districts in Belarus today.
Village councils
Village councils are administrative-territorial units consisting of many rural settlements and the territory between them.
On average, one district of Belarus contains up to 10 village councils. The village council, in turn, can include up to 20 settlements. The village council as an administrative-territorial unit must be distinguished from the village council of deputies as a state body that exercises power on the territory of the village council.
All administrative-territorial units are combined into several levels, each level reflects the scale and significance of the administrative-territorial unit. There are 3 levels of administrative-territorial units:
Regions and the city of Minsk, districts and village councils are always administrative-territorial units, since local councils of deputies and executive committees are created in them. As for cities of regional subordination, cities of regional subordination, urban-type settlements, not all of them have the status of administrative-territorial units. This status is given only to those of them in which local councils of deputies and executive committees have been created. In the city of Khoiniki there is no city council of deputies and executive committee; the power of the Khoiniki district Council of deputies extends to it.
Historical and cultural heritage, according to UNESCO:
1. Struve Arc;
2. Mir Castle;
3. Nesvizh Castle;
4. Belovezhskaya Pushcha.
Of more than 30 cities of regional subordination, less than half have the status of administrative-territorial units.
The procedure for resolving issues of administrative-territorial structure:
In practice, there may be a need to form new administrative-territorial units, abolish existing ones, rename them, change boundaries, etc. These are issues of administrative-territorial structure. The administrative-territorial structure affects the implementation of the powers of both republican and local government bodies, therefore both of them participate in resolving the issue of the administrative-territorial structure.
The President has the greatest amount of competence. Where he doesn’t have it, I’m interested!)) In particular, the President resolves issues of administrative-territorial structure in relation to administrative-territorial units of the 1st and 2nd level. As a result, it is the President, for example, who can create a new region, abolish an existing one, change the boundaries of a district, or rename a city of regional subordination.
Regional Councils of Deputies resolve issues of administrative-territorial structure in relation to administrative-territorial units of the 3rd level.
The legislation determines the rule for renaming administrative-territorial units and territorial units:
1. Typically, the names of administrative-territorial units must be unique. But exceptions are possible;
2. Renaming units is allowed only in exceptional cases;
3. Even in exceptional cases, it is prohibited to rename units whose name constitutes the historical cultural heritage of the country;
4. Renaming of avenues, streets, squares, and other parts of settlements is carried out by decision of the relevant Local Council of Deputies, taking into account the opinion of the population.
I wondered about, it seems, the urban-type settlement Yantarny in the Kaliningrad region - after all village or urban type? There seems to be no contradiction, but what is curious here is that settlements in this category are simultaneously called villages and are the centers of “urban districts” or “urban settlements.” If you at least open an article on Wikipedia about, for example, the village of Idritsa in the Pskov region (in the photo below, by the way, it is he), then you can read that, being a village, it “is the center of the municipal formation of the urban settlement “Idritsa””.
Of course, there are a huge variety of types of settlements. It is enough at least that a village, a village and a town are different things. However, even from the point of view of legislation, they are in the same category (rural settlements), and there are only three of these categories. PGT legally, on the one hand, belong to urban settlements ("urban type"), and their residents, for example, do not have the benefits granted to rural residents, and on the other hand, they remain an "intermediate link". An interesting question arises: what should we call PGT in everyday life? For example, when you write a report about his visit. With villages/villages and cities, everything is clear - there is one short word that fits perfectly into the text or into colloquial speech. But texts with a rather awkward three-word term in the spirit of “I walked through this picturesque urban village” already somewhat complicate perception. Replacing it with the abbreviation “PGT” does not solve the problem either. Actually, the question is not even that, but what is PGT? village or still town?
And it seems that the answer to this question is individual in each case, and depends on what the local residents think. As I happened to experience experimentally, residents of some urban-type settlements say “my village” about their locality, and “my town” in others. The motives for this may be different, but as a rule, this is history (due to what it arose, whether it had the status of a city or village in the past) or size (population). If I haven’t come across such references to a particular urban settlement from its residents, then I try to determine it myself - intuitively (whether the atmosphere of a small town or village is felt in the locality) and based on history and size. In most cases, I still call urban settlements villages (since the criteria are suitable), but there is a small percentage of them that feel more like small towns. These are, firstly, those that were cities in the past (including, and even in most cases, before the revolution), and secondly, those whose population exceeds approximately 7-8 thousand people (at the same time These two criteria are independent of each other).
The list of those urban settlements I visited that I remember as small towns is quite small. Perhaps these are: based on the status of a city in the past - Kresttsy and Demyansk in the Novgorod region, Berezovo in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Kolyvan in the Novosibirsk region; based on a fairly high population size - Roshchino and Sovetsky in the Leningrad region (both in the Vyborg region, 14 thousand and 7 thousand inhabitants, respectively), Plesetsk in the Arkhangelsk region (10 thousand), Maksatikha in Tverskaya (8 thousand). There may be individual exceptions to this rule - for example, Loknya in the Pskov region seemed more like a small town than a village to me - apparently due to the large number of apartment buildings, as well as a trolleybus, despite the fact that only 3 people live there with a half thousand people (however, this discrepancy is probably explained by the fact that at the time of the collapse of the USSR there were six thousand - Loknya is one of the record holders for population decline in the Pskov region). Another interesting example is Palekh in the Ivanovo region, which generally seems more like a large village (however, historically it was just a village); I remember Lyubitino in the Novgorod region in a similar way. This is probably not a complete list, and I may remember some other examples later. And in absentia (that is, from those where I have not yet visited) to the list of “urban urban centers” based on urban status in the past, I would include Odoev in the Tula region and Lalsk in the Kirov region (it is likely that some examples will also come to the head).
Of course, we should not forget that the official status of a settlement is not assigned to it forever, and can be changed at any time. In this regard, over the past quarter century, a number of urban-type settlements (for some reason, a particularly high percentage of these in Karelia) have lost this status, becoming simply rural settlements. There are objective reasons for this, and mainly this is depopulation.
In general, since the above is about my personal perception, then everything said is my subjective assessment, and regarding, for example, Maksatikha or Lalsk, someone may disagree with me. However, examples of the use of the word “city” or “town” in relation to urban-type settlements are still sometimes found. And the question" village or urban type"To some extent even cultural.
Before the reform, in which such administrative units were given their current name, they were posads.
In order for a village to have an urban type, certain nuances must be observed. One of them is that at least 85% of the population of a given location should work in non-agricultural activities. In addition, the number of urban settlements occupies an average value between the number of people living in villages and cities. For example, previously, at least 2 thousand residents in Ukraine and 3 thousand in Russia had to live in an urban settlement.
In the Federation, in addition to the standard name, you can also hear other names in everyday life: dacha, resort or working village. However, from a scientific point of view, the listed structural units are a division of the general concept of an urban settlement.
Types of towns
Even during the existence of the Russian SFSR, classification procedures for urban settlements developed. Let's look at them below.
- Resort towns Such an urban-type settlement must have a population of at least 2 thousand people. It necessarily has several medical institutions on its territory. In this case, the number of vacationers must be at least half of the permanent residents.
- Workers in the village. An urban-type settlement must have at least 3 thousand permanent residents. Of these, 85% had to be involved in work at enterprises, in the railway sector, industrial sector, etc. Also, on the territory of the working town there are necessarily universities, schools and other educational institutions.
- Dacha villages Such an urban-type settlement is an area that provides summer recreation or recreation services.
Today, most of the towns remain in their category since the times of the USSR. However, at the moment, it is impossible to name exact criteria for classification, since they are not uniform. By the way, since the times of the RSFSR, the number of urban settlements has noticeably decreased (from 2100 to 1900).
As of 2015, Sunzha is considered the largest in terms of population. The urban-type settlement (see photo below) is located in Ingushetia, and is inhabited by more than 64 thousand people.
Sunzha
Sunzha is a town, which until 2015 was still considered a village. Before it was officially recognized as an urban village, it was considered the largest village in Russia and one of the largest in the whole world.
Being the largest urban settlement in the Russian Federation, throughout Ingushetia (including cities) Sunzha ranks second in population. Every year there is an increase in population, which, perhaps, in the next fifty years will turn it into a small city, and then into a metropolis. The national composition is, of course, represented by Russians (less than 1%), Chechens (7%) and Ingush (90%). The rest are from other minorities. It is worth noting that back in 2002 there were much more Chechens here - 50% of the total population, but by today this figure has sharply decreased.
Looking at the plan of an urban-type settlement, one can notice that on its territory there is an important facility for the economy - a creamery plant. There are also several schools, colleges and higher education institutions (there are even universities).
Nakhabino
Nakhabino is a town located in the Moscow region. According to (and 40 thousand people live here) it ranks second in Russia. Until 2015, he was the leader for 4 years, but then lost to Sunzha.
Surprisingly, according to historical reports, the population in Nakhabino was constantly increasing. And to this day there is an increase. It is not as large as we would like, but the very fact of the increase should please local authorities.
The economy of this urban village is constantly improving. This is due to the presence of a railway depot, various factories operating in the industrial sector, and there is also furniture production. Even some larger cities and towns cannot boast such a developed economy.
Goryachevodsky
In the Stavropol Territory there is the third largest urban settlement in Russia. By the way, it is located on a river called Podkumok. Thanks to road bridges (there are three of them), Goryachevodsky connects with Pyatigorsk.
Until 2010, the population in the urban settlement was steadily increasing, but for several years it has been declining. As of 2016, there are only a little more than 36 thousand residents here. The national composition is as follows: Russians (68%), Armenians (18%), others (12%).
In 2010, urban-type settlements in Russia were represented by Goryachevodsky, however, due to certain factors, the population began to immigrate to other settlements of the state.
Privolzhsky
Privolzhsky, located in the Saratov region, is one of the largest urban settlements in Russia. As of 2015, just under 35 thousand people live in it. Recently, the dynamics of population changes are unclear: over the course of several years it has increased, decreased and remained the same. Therefore, it is impossible to say for sure whether the number is declining or not.
Urban-type settlements are designed in such a way that there remains territory for development for schools and other educational institutions. Thus, in Privolzhsky there are 4 general education institutions and 9 kindergartens.
It was given the title of a workers' village back in 1939, and to this day it remains so.
Yablonovsky
The Takhtamukaisky district (Adygea) includes the village of Yablonovsky, founded in 1888. A little more than 32 thousand people live here. Considering the national composition, it is necessary to mention Russians, Armenians, Ukrainians, and Koreans.
The climate of this area is typical for the Russian Federation. Winter minimum -36°С, summer maximum +42°С. Precipitation is 700 mm per year. The urban village itself stands on the banks of the river. Kuban, opposite the well-known city of Krasnodar.
There are two markets in Yablonovsky that specialize in food sales. There is Russian Post and Sberbank branches. There are hospitals, hospitals, schools and kindergartens. A branch of one of the Russian technological universities was built.
Tomilino
Another urban village located in the Moscow region. It is inhabited by 31 thousand people. Founded in 1894.
This settlement has a very favorable economic location. A railway runs near it on both sides, and it itself “stands” on one of the Russian highways (route P105).
Tomilino became famous in the previous century for its excellent nature and infrastructure. This allows us to call it a holiday village. People are attracted to permanent residence by the fact that it is close to Moscow and the Moscow Ring Road.
According to one version, the name appeared when the town passed into the possession of the merchant Tomilin.
Inozemtsevo
This resort town, located in the Stavropol Territory, has a population of 27 thousand people. The classification was assigned to it in 1959. Mostly Russians, Armenians and Greeks live here. Near the village there is a mountain called Beshtau.
Since 2010, the population began to decline sharply, which is observed to this day. As of the same period, it was revealed that men live in Inozemtsevo less than women, by almost 10%.
If we consider cellular communications, then there are 2G, 3G and 4G networks. This is a huge advantage that not all urban-type settlements in Russia have. There is also a sufficient number of kindergartens (6 pcs.), schools (4 pcs.); there is a lyceum, an orphanage and two technical schools.
Vlasikha
Vlasikha, located in, has a population of 25 thousand people. This urban-type settlement has a unique feature - until 2009 it was considered a closed military facility.
There are 8 schools of various profiles, 3 sports clubs and 2 cultural centers here. Moreover, the city has its own television channel. Previously (until 2008) there was a large shopping center in the village, but it burned down, and, unfortunately, to such an extent that it cannot be restored.
The appearance of new towns and cities on the world map is closely related to the problem of urban formation. The village is considered the lowest stage of this process. As the village expands it becomes a town. The next stage is the village. Several villages form an urban-type settlement among themselves, which after the construction of certain objects receives the status of a city.
A village is a small settlement of people. It is larger than a village, but its main difference from a village is that more people live there and it is located next to a city or larger settlement. Villages occupy small areas around larger formations.
The main difference between a settlement and a village is the presence of a school or other social infrastructure. In the villages, none of this may exist. A village, especially if it is located far from the city, always has a kindergarten, a clinic and a school.
The next type of terrain after the village is the village. The village has its own church. In the village it may not exist, but in the village it is always there. Villages can appear anywhere, not necessarily near a large agglomeration; a village is usually located near some center.
Usually, as a village enlarges, it immediately becomes a village, passing by the status of a village. A village is a settlement associated with a city. A typical village is Pavlovskaya Sloboda near Nakhabino, or the Tushinsky village there. Such villages can be formed as a place to live for workers from a manufactory located nearby in the city or as a place of residence for personnel servicing highway or railway junctions.
An urban-type settlement is such a large formation that it is practically no different from a city. For example, in the city of Uglich, which was at one time a princely center, 8 thousand people now live, and in an urban village Nakhabino 45 thousand people live. The population of the urban village is 5.5 times greater than that of the ancient city.
An urban-type settlement differs from a city in that there are few places for recreation and entertainment. There are no hospitals, theaters, museums, scientific institutions, etc. If we compare a village and an urban-type settlement, then an urban-type settlement must have a clinic, several schools, more than a dozen streets, a railway station, a nightclub, parks and other leisure places. A village may not have all this, it may not even have a church, because it is a village, not a village. An urban village usually has several churches.
Urban-type settlements appeared in the 19th century, when ordinary settlements began to expand. This happened so quickly that no one began to rename them as villages, but they did not dare to give them city status either. A settlement rarely has a population of more than 20 thousand people, but, as a rule, there are 1-2 thousand. An urban-type settlement can have 200 thousand and not receive city status, although most often there are 15-20 thousand. City status is such villages do not receive it because the city is obliged to include all the main places a person needs to live, including hospitals and theaters. An urban-type settlement can be very densely built up, but there is a problem with the social infrastructure there.
There is no need to talk about an ordinary village at all. Not every village has a high school. For example, in the Tushinsky village you can only study up to the 9th grade, and if you go to the 10th grade, you will have to go to study at a school located nearby in the urban village of Nakhabino. This example clearly shows the differences.
An urban-type settlement is usually so large that there are at least 3-4 highways running through it. For example, 4 major roads pass through Nakhabino. There is always one, maximum two roads leading to the village. An urban-type settlement occupies 5-10 times more territory, especially when it is spread out in several clusters, between which there is a forest and a park area.
The main differences between a village and an urban settlement
There are few places for entertainment in the village. Usually there is a disco, a library, and a couple of leisure places at the discretion of the residents. In an urban village there is almost everything like in a city, except for very urban types of recreation, such as the circus.
Parks, attractions, sports bars, bookmakers, hardware stores are all attributes of an urban village. In the village this is usually not the case. There may be exceptions, but for one or two types of infrastructure. An urban village has it all.
Another difference number of storeys of buildings. In the villages there are rarely five-story buildings; in some places there are nine-story buildings. In urban settlements you can even see thirty-story buildings, like in large cities. Nowadays they do not save on the number of floors, unlike social infrastructure. Although in Nakhabino the tallest buildings are limited to 17 floors, in the nearby Tushinsky village there are no houses higher than five floors.
They also differ in management. In an urban village there is a head of the village who governs it as a mayor and there is its own local administration, which is subordinate to the head of a larger entity. There is no such administration in the village, and it reports directly to a representative of a larger entity.
The urban village has police, fire and gas service departments. Many villages also have them, but this is not a mandatory attribute of the village. There are villages where only district police officers work, but there is no police building, there are villages without a fire department, not to mention gas. Although, recently the state has been struggling with this, and such cases do not occur often.
The main difference between an urban settlement and a village is its size. And size entails everything else. For more residents of an urban village, more organizations are needed to serve their leisure time. A smaller number of residents are not interested in building buildings where people will not go, so in the villages something that is interesting to a resident of a particular entity usually appears.
Urban-type settlement
Russian spelling dictionary. / The Russian Academy of Sciences. Institute rus. language them. V. V. Vinogradova. - M.: "Azbukovnik". V. V. Lopatin (executive editor), B. Z. Bukchina, N. A. Eskova and others.. 1999 .
See what “smt” is in other dictionaries:
PGT- steam and gas turbine; steam-gas turbine energy Example of use department of PGT p.g.t. urban-type settlement urban-type settlement. Dictionary: S. Fadeev. Dictionary of abbreviations of the modern Russian language. St. Petersburg: Politekhnika, 1997. 527 pp....
village- p.g.t. urban-type settlement urban-type settlement. Dictionary: S. Fadeev. Dictionary of abbreviations of the modern Russian language. St. Petersburg: Politekhnika, 1997. 527 pp.... Dictionary of abbreviations and abbreviations
PGT
town- Urban-type settlement (urban-type settlement, urban-type settlement) a type of settlement identified during the times of the USSR. In terms of population, it occupies an intermediate position between the city and the village. Unlike villages, in such settlements the bulk of the population (at least 85%) is not... ... Wikipedia
PGT- urban-type settlement, soil-hydrogeological body... Dictionary of Russian abbreviations
The town of Novi Belyary- urban-type settlement Novi Bilyary Country: Ukraine ... Wikipedia
Town.Chernomorskoe- urban-type settlement Chernomorskoye, Ukrainian. Chernomorsk Country: ... Wikipedia
Pesochin village- Panorama of the city of Pesochin, Ukrainian. Pisochin Status: urban-type settlement ... Wikipedia
Smt. Sosnovoborsk- Sosnovoborsk: Sosnovoborsk is a city in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Sosnovoborsk is an urban-type settlement of the Penza region, Sosnovoborsk district ... Wikipedia
Former Russian towns- Former urban-type settlements in Russia, urban-type settlements (working, resort and dacha), which lost this status due to administrative-territorial transformations. Complete data for 1989–2007 are provided. According to earlier events... ... Wikipedia
Books
- village Eternity Buy for 545 RUR
- village Eternity, Osipov Maxim. The collection includes works of different genres: essays, short stories, a novella and a dramatic monologue - all of them were written in modern times, when politics began to strongly interfere with everyday life. IN…