Exotic tours / 16.12.2023

Located in the South Kuril region of the Sakhalin region on the island of Kunashir and the adjacent Malaya Kuril islands. Kuril State Nature Reserve Presentation on the topic Kuril Nature Reserve

"Kurilsky" is a state nature reserve.

It was established by Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR dated February 10, 1984 No. 47 on the island of Kunashir and the islands of the Lesser Kuril Ridge in the South Kuril region of the Sakhalin region of the RSFSR.

Area: 65,365 hectares.

Protected zone – 73,475 hectares. The administration of the reserve is located in the urban village of Yuzhno-Kurilsk.

The purpose of creating the reserve is preservation and study of the natural course of natural processes and phenomena, the genetic fund of flora and fauna, individual species and communities of plants and animals, typical and unique ecological systems of the southern Kuril Islands.

The natural complexes of the reserve are unique and have no analogues in the world.

The reserve consists of three separate areas:

Northern Kunashir (area 49,899 hectares) - located in the northern part of Kunashir. The northwestern part of the site is located in the foothills and mountains of the Dokuchaev ridge, including the active Ruruy volcano (1485 m). The south-eastern part of the site is occupied by the Tyatya volcano (1819 m) with a coastal terrace rising 30-50 m above sea level;

Southern Kunashir (area 15,366 hectares) - located in the southeastern part of Kunashir. It differs from the Northern section in a calmer terrain with less elevation difference. The central part of the site is occupied by the caldera of Golovnin volcano (541 m). At its bottom there are two mineralized lakes - Hot and Boiling;

Malaya Kuril ridge (area 100 hectares) - located on the islands of Oskolki and Demina. It is characterized by the presence of small islands in area and height with signs of significant denudation, which are a geomorphological continuation of the Nemuro Peninsula (Hokkaido Island).

The territory of Kunashir and the Lesser Kuril Ridge is the subject of a territorial dispute between Russia and Japan.

Physiographical features

The mountainous nature of the relief is determined by volcanic structures.

Many rivers and streams of the reserve flow into the Sea of Okhotsk and the Pacific Ocean. Most of them can be classified as mountain type. The longest river in the reserve is Tyatina, which originates, respectively, in the foothills of Tyati.

There are 6 lakes on the territory of the reserve. The largest lake in area on the island and in the reserve is lake Sandy(7.14 sq. km).

The climate of the Kuril ridge is humid and maritime. In winter there are usually no sharp frosts; the average temperature in February is -5ºС. Summer is not very hot, the average temperature of the warmest month, August, is about +16ºC. In summer and autumn there are powerful tropical cyclones - typhoons, with heavy rains and stormy winds.

Diversity of flora and fauna

The basis of the vegetation cover in the reserve is forests, mostly dark coniferous, which cover almost three-quarters of the territory. They are represented on Kunashir and Shikotan, the rest of the small islands of the Small Ridge are treeless and covered with mixed-grass meadows.

It is interesting that 10 plant species listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation are found in Russia only in Kunashir. These are Japanese maple, Maksimovich birch, low wolffoil, Chonossky rhododendron and other plants.

Japanese maple

Chonossky rhododendron

Birch Maksimovich

"Ipritka", or oriental sumac

Spring flowering of Lysichiton Kamchatka

The fruits of Actinidia acute liana

Deciduous forest on Kunashir island

The uniqueness of the animal world of the reserve is due to the fact that here lies the northern border of the distribution of many species found in Japan, Korea and China. In addition, the fauna of the reserve includes several endemics, such as the Shikotan vole.

Kunashir is home to brown bear, chipmunk, sable, weasel and acclimatized European mink. Fox and mountain hare are also found on Shikotan.

Brown bear

Sea lion rookery on the rock Peshernaya

Shikotan vole

The bird world of the reserve is unique, since the Kuril Islands lie on the flight path of birds making seasonal migrations to the Arctic. During the period of seasonal migrations, summer migrations and wintering in the waters of the Southern Kuril Islands, tens and hundreds of diving ducks, loons, cormorants, and gulls are observed.

Bird market on the Malaya Kuril ridge

Eco-education and excursions:

The reserve provides exceptionally rich opportunities for photographing and videography of plants and animals, getting acquainted with volcanoes, waterfalls, hot springs, fumaroles, sea coasts, dark coniferous, mixed and deciduous forests with vines and bamboo, dense thickets of tall grass.

On the territory of the reserve and its protective zones, 66 archaeological and ethnographic monuments (sites of ancient people, Ainu settlements, Japanese buildings) were noted.

On the territory of the reserve and its protective zones there are 3 permanent tourist routes: the Stolbovskaya ecological trail, the Golovnin Volcano Caldera and Tyatya Volcano routes.

Hiking route “Ecological trail “Stolbovskaya”, runs from 16 km of the Yuzhno-Kurilsk - Golovnino road to the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk and around Cape Stolbchaty. The Stolbovskie hot springs are located in the central part of the route. Length - 7 km, duration - 6 hours.

Hiking route “Caldera of Golovnin Volcano” runs from 42 km of the Yuzhno-Kurilsk - Golovnino road to the Boiling and Goryachee lakes in the caldera crater. Length - 12 km, duration - 8 hours.

Hiking route "Tyatya Volcano" passes from the village. Yuzhno-Kurilsk to the top of the Tyatya volcano. Length - 30 km, duration - 3-5 days.

Natural objects

Volcano Tyatya

Bird Waterfall

Neskuchenskie springs

Back in the late 1940s, the question of creating a reserve on the Kuril Islands was raised to preserve sea otters and fur seals. By that time, the numbers of these animals had been reduced due to Japanese industrialists. Next, the need arose to protect the habitat of migratory and sea colonial birds, their wintering grounds and nesting grounds. It was also necessary to resolve the issue of preserving the unique communities of vegetation, fauna and many other natural objects of the South Kuril Islands.

As a result, the Kuril Nature Reserve was founded in the Sakhalin region in 1984 (South Kuril region). The article presents a short story about this amazing region of Russia.

General information about the territory of the reserve

The Kuril Islands are a unique peninsula containing on its territory a huge number of not only natural, but also archaeological attractions. There is an amazingly rich world of animals and plants here.

The pride of the Sakhalin region is the state Kuril Nature Reserve. It is not only a unique environmental zone in the region, but also a tourist attraction. Nowhere on the planet is there a place even slightly similar to this amazing Kuril Nature Reserve. It includes three natural zones.

Tyatinsky site- Northern part. The largest zone of the reserve (area 49 thousand hectares), occupying approximately 46.5% of the total area. This includes the Tyatya volcano and the active Ruruy volcano. At the foot of the latter there are hydrothermal springs.
Alekhinsky section- the southeastern part, measuring about 15 thousand hectares. This place is unique due to the caldera of the Golovnin volcano located there. At its bottom there are 2 lakes with hot mineral water.
Malaya Kurilskaya Ridge. Although this area occupies only 100 hectares, several rocks and islands (Demina and Oskolki) are concentrated on its territory.

Kuril Nature Reserve: photo, general description

A relatively young reserve was created on the island of Kunashir (the southernmost in the Kuril ridge), as well as on several small neighboring islands and rocks (Demina, Oskolki, Shishki, Fox and Parus rocks, Peshernaya, Kira, Svecha). The length of Kunashir, stretching from northeast to southwest, is 13 km, and its width varies between 9-30 km.

There are hills here from where you can see both the Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Okhotsk. Among the most outstanding objects of the Kuril Nature Reserve are 3 volcanoes (there are only 4 on the island). Tyatya and Ruruy are located in the wildest, northern part of the island. More detailed information about them can be found below in the article.

The total area of the reserve is approximately 65 thousand hectares.

Natural features

The protected area is mostly covered with forests. More than 200 species of birds live here, most of the species of birds and animals were listed in the Red Book. Many birds nest here, and some use these picturesque places as a stopover during migration. Many animals living in the reserve have found protection here from poachers.

Almost all natural objects located within the Kuril Nature Reserve are quite accessible to nature lovers and tourists. The central part of the southern section (Alekhinsky) is occupied by the volcanic caldera. Most of the streams and rivers flowing into the Sea of Okhotsk are of the mountain type.

Cape Stolbchaty

There is a special place in Kunashir called Cape Stolbchaty. This miracle of nature is a real natural masterpiece of the Kuril Nature Reserve. It is accessible for viewing even on the most foggy and rainy days. Some called such a structure a bamboo petrified forest, and some explained its appearance as the work of fairy-tale giants. In fact, this phenomenon is associated with ancient volcanic activity.

About fifty million years ago, molten lava emerged from cracks in the earth’s crust onto the surface, spreading in a thick layer (tens of meters). With its homogeneous chemical composition, the surface began to crack into hexagons of regular shape during the cooling process. Something similar happens to the muddy lake bottom as it dries out. The cracks subsequently spread into the depths of the lava, gradually splitting the entire basalt mass into vertical columns.

When the lava surface was not horizontal, inclined, curved, and even twisted pillars were obtained. This is how fantastic columnar structures arose, similar to organ pipes, cathedral spiers, etc. And such natural phenomena as tides and storms supplemented this indescribable beauty with “stairs”, “pavements” and many others. etc. This is one of the most beautiful sights of the Kuril Nature Reserve.

Lakes

Lake Goryacheye, which is the deepest on the island (62 meters) and coldest, was formed in the crater of the volcano explosion. Only at the lava dome is it warm (sulfur springs flow here) and very transparent with a beautiful turquoise tint.

There is another lake - Boiling Lake, which lives up to its name. The surface of this reservoir boils and smokes. Boiling produces black bubbles with a metallic sheen. It is dangerous to get close to it due to the unreliability of the ground.

Volcanoes

On the territory of the Yuzhno-Kurilsky Nature Reserve, as noted above, there are 4 volcanoes. Among them, the most notable are Tyatya (height 1822 meters) and Golovnin Volcano (541 m), accessible to tourists, as well as the active Ruruy (1485 meters).

Tyatyu is clearly visible from many places on the east coast. This is one of the most beautiful and well-shaped volcanoes in the whole world. It consists of two cones, one of which is an old volcanic structure (called a soma), and the second one grew inside the first one and, accordingly, is much younger. The first eruption of Tyati occurred in 1812, the second in 1973. The consequences of the last explosion are a 400-meter crater and thousands of hectares of burnt forest in the surrounding area. To climb to the top of the volcano, you need to overcome a long section of impassable “jungle” (dwarf cedar and Kuril bamboo). The reward for such a feat is a fantastically beautiful panorama of a magnificent picturesque island among the blue ocean from a bird's eye view.
Ruruy Volcano (1485 meters). It is an active complex stratovolcano. Its historical eruptions are unknown, but on its western slopes, at altitudes of 150-350 meters above sea level, fumarolic activity occurs, and hydrothermal activity is noted on its coastal parts.
Another object accessible to tourists is the Golovnina volcano. Named in honor of Admiral V. Golovnin, captured by the Japanese in 1811. He spent 2 years in captivity on the island of Kunashir. This volcano is most likely a caldera (“cauldron” in Spanish). The basin is of tectonic origin. Its diameter is 5 km. Inside you can see lava domes and a lake with springs under water, boiling cauldrons and fumaroles (holes in the crater) framed by bright yellow sulfur.

Flora

The flora of the Kurilsky Nature Reserve is represented by coniferous-deciduous forests (Sakhalin velvet, ash, oak, wild magnolia and elm) and spruce-fir forests, as well as aquatic vegetation (extensive “underwater meadows” of seaweed). The peculiarity of the reserve is that in these places there is a border of distribution of quite a few types of vegetation that are found in China, Korea and Japan. In addition, only here the Maksimovich birch, Japanese maple, low wolffoil and Chonoski rhododendron, listed in the Red Book, grow. Spruce-fir dense forests are characteristic of the slopes of volcanoes and the tops of hills.

The vegetation of the reserve is amazing. Of course, horse chestnut, which is more familiar to the European part, does not grow here. The Kuril Nature Reserve has both heat-loving and frost-resistant plants on its territory. Completely different species (antipodes) coexist on the island: southern wild grapes and northern dwarf cedar, hardy birch and capricious Japanese magnolia, fir and Manchurian liana, actinidia arguta and many others. etc.

Fauna

The rivers of the Kuril Nature Reserve are full of spawning salmon fish (pink salmon and chum salmon).

The rich fauna is represented by the brown bear (smaller than the Kamchatka bear), white hare, fox, sable, chipmunk, weasel, European mink, Shikotan vole and shrew. Among the birds that live here are diving ducks, gulls, cormorants and loons. Rare birds and animals: Steller's sea eagle, white-tailed eagle, Japanese crane, fish owl, sea otter (Kamchatka beaver).

In conclusion about the marine protective zone of the Kurilsky Nature Reserve

The protected marine zone of the reserve on Kunashir Island was created in 1996. It was at this time that the fishing of marine objects by Russian sailors intensified in the waters of the Southern Kuril Islands, in connection with the opening of the acceptance of marine products in Japanese ports. Crab, sea urchin, shrimp, etc. began to be exported to Japan in huge quantities.

Largely unexplored, untapped and untapped, the sea (compared to other parts of the globe) requires special protection (especially coastal waters) and protection. Otherwise, the merciless extermination of marine life by humans is inevitable. This is why the reserve was created.

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To view the presentation with pictures, design and slides, download its file and open it in PowerPoint on your computer.
Text content of presentation slides: Kuril Nature Reserve The presentation was made by a primary school teacher at MBOU gymnasium No. 3 of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Bespalova Lyubov Nikolaevna In 1984, the first Kuril Nature Reserve in the Sakhalin region was organized on the island of Kunashir and the small islands of the Lesser Kuril Ridge. Consists of 3 sections. Area 65,365 hectares. The territory exhibits active volcanic activity: thermal springs, hot gas outlets. There are many inactive volcanoes. On the island of Kunashir there is the Tyatya volcano, the cone of which is distinguished by its remarkable regularity of shape. Volcano Tyatya (1819 meters) is considered one of the highest on the island and most beautiful in the world in terms of beauty and regularity of form. Previously, there was a village called Tyatino in this area, but after a strong volcanic eruption in 1973, people left it.
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ppt_yppt_yppt_y Boiling lake in the caldera of Golovnin volcano. It, of course, does not boil, the water in it is hot, and it gurgles from the sulfur dioxide gases released. The smell near the lake is suffocating. Then the water flows down the stream into the Hot Lake.
A stream through which water flows into Lake Goryacheye. Hot lake.
Pacific coast. Ancient lava flows with a columnar structure. Cape Stolbchaty is a unique geological formation in the form of a solid stone ledge rising on the very shore of the sea like a high sheer wall. The erupted volcanic rocks formed narrow 4-, 5- and 6-coal columns, the so-called columnar units.

Fumaroles are cracks and holes located in craters, on slopes, at the foot of volcanoes and serving as sources of hot gases. Bird Waterfall. The largest waterfall on the island (12 meters), the most beautiful object in Kunashir. It was formed at the confluence of the Ptichaya River into the Sea of Okhotsk. Huge accumulations of fish form in the hole in front of the waterfall during the salmon spawning period.
ClimateThe climate is maritime monsoon, characterized by relatively warm winters and cool summers with many foggy days. The average monthly air temperature in the warmest month (August) reaches 15.5 degrees. The coldest (February) is -4.6 degrees. VegetationThe basis of the vegetation cover is made up of forests, which cover more than 70% of the protected area. Dark coniferous forests account for 60% of the forested area. Of the rare plant species included in the Red Book of Russia, the Kuril Nature Reserve includes cordate aralia, large-flowered and true slippers, Maksimovich birch, jagged and curly oaks, etc. Heart-shaped aralia
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ppt_yppt_yppt_y Grandiflora slipper (orchid)
style.rotation
style.rotation
style.rotation Maksimovich's birch Toothed and curly oak Japanese maple Rhododendron of Chonossky (ornamental shrub) Fauna The largest animal is the brown bear. The sable lives in coniferous forests. Foxes and white hare are numerous. Weasel and ermine are rare. Among the insectivores, there are clawed and Far Eastern shrews. Of the 227 species of birds recorded on Kunashir Island, 107 reliably nest, the rest are migratory, migratory and wintering.
The most protected speciesThe most protected species: Birds: Japanese crane, kloktuna, curlew, small swan, mandarin duck, eagle owl, fish eagle owl, Egyptian heron. Mammals: sea otter, humpback whale, killer whale, sea lion, sable, seal. Bony fish: chum salmon, masu salmon , Sakhalin taimen. Reptiles: Japanese skink

MANDARINKA small duck, weighs 0.4-0.7 kg. Remarkable for its coloring. Swims well. She rarely dives, only when wounded. It takes off easily, sometimes almost straight up. Unlike most ducks, the mandarin duck can often be seen sitting on tree branches or on coastal rocks (semi-arboreal lifestyle). The female has a more modest coloration. They feed on seeds, mainly acorns, and aquatic plants. JAPANESE CRANE Perhaps the most beautiful of the cranes: snow-white, with a velvet-black head and neck. He is also one of the largest cranes: height is just over 150 cm, weight of males is 10-12 kg. The Japanese crane feeds on mixed food, but among our cranes it is the most animal-eating. The food is based on fish, frogs and aquatic invertebrates - crustaceans, mollusks, larvae of aquatic beetles. The eagle owl has a total length of 62-72 cm, with a wingspan of 150-180 cm, with a wing length of 41-52 cm, and weighs 2.1-3.2 kg. Females are noticeably larger than males. The eagle owl is a nocturnal and crepuscular bird, but in the north it also hunts during the day. The eagle owl feeds on mammals - from hares to small mouse-like and insectivores. Rodents constitute the preferred food. Occasionally, eagle owls also attack larger animals (female roe deer, young mountain goats). Birds also occupy a large place in the eagle owl's diet. Occasionally, eagle owls feed on frogs and even fish. Otter Otter is entirely a sea animal. The sea otter (Kamchatka beaver) is a large animal: its length is 136 cm, its tail length is 30-36 cm and its weight is up to 40 kg. Sea otter fur is so valuable that this animal was mercilessly exterminated in the past. Catherine II had a fur coat made from a sea otter. Fur can last up to 300 years. The skin of the sea otter is extraordinary: it seems to “sit” freely on it. The sea otter's fur is black-brown, with gray hair, extremely dense, warm, and durable. In the water, the sea otter is in its native element, swims quickly (up to 12-16 km/h), dives deeply, and frolics.
The sea otter feeds mainly on sea urchins, all kinds of mollusks, fish, starfish, crabs, and algae. It grabs prey with its teeth and front paws, presses it to its chest, and when it emerges, it lies on its back and places food in the folds of its skin. From here he takes out one hedgehog after another, breaks off the needles with his paws and teeth, gnaws through the shell and eats away the soft tissue.
JAPANESE SKINK Young lizards of this species are blackish-brown above with five light longitudinal stripes that disappear on the tail. In adult skinks, these stripes disappear, and they acquire a single-color olive-gray color, against which only more or less wide dark stripes on the sides of the body stand out. The length of the Japanese skink does not exceed 18-20 cm. SAKHALIN TAIMEN Sakhalin taimen reaches more than 1 m in length and 25-30 kg of weight. Its meat is very tasty and fatty. In the sea, the color of taimen is silvery; in the river, the body acquires a reddish tint, like that of an ordinary taimen, and 5-8 light crimson transverse stripes are formed on the sides. Like other taimen, it feeds mainly on small fish. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

Kuril Natural State Reserve was created by order of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR on February 10, 1984. The territory of the reserve occupies 65,365 hectares. The protected area of the reserve is 73,475 hectares. The administration of the reserve is located in the village. Yuzhno-Kurilsk.

The purpose of establishing the reserve is to protect and study the natural course of natural phenomena and processes, genetic varieties of flora and fauna, individual species and ecosystems of flora and fauna of the region, unique and typical families of wildlife of the southern Kuril Islands. The natural complexes of this reserve are considered unique and have no similar ecosystems in the world.

General information, climate and topography of the reserve

Northern Kunashir section

Southern Kunashir section

Small section of the Kuril ridge

The climate on the territory of the Kuril Nature Reserve is very humid, maritime and characterized by strong and prolonged winds. This climate zone is characterized by various natural phenomena, such as fog, relatively large amounts of precipitation, snowstorms, and the like. This region does not suffer from harsh winters; winters here are always mild and relatively warm. As for spring, the sun shines very little here due to the large amount of precipitation. The sun pleases tourists in this region only in summer.

Flora and fauna of the Kuril Nature Reserve

In the protected area of the Southern Kuril Islands, 24 species of vascular plants are considered rare and are on the verge of complete extinction. They are included in the IUCN Red Book and are recommended for enhanced protection. Within the reserve grow 44 species of mushrooms, lower and higher plants, included in Red Book of the Russian Federation. IN Kuril Nature Reserve the largest number of rare vascular species for the territory of the Russian Federation is concentrated (33), the number of which the state reserve exceeds the larger number of reserves in Russia. In addition, 98 species are rare for the Sakhalin region.

Kunashir

The fauna of the Kuril Nature Reserve is as little explored as the flora. The reserve is home to 318 species of insects, of which 4 species are listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation, namely: mimevsemia similar, Maksimovich's beauty, rugose-winged ground beetle, and Asteropethes owl.

Contact Information:
Address: 694500, Sakhalin region, Yuzhno-Kurilsk, st. Zarechnaya, 5
Phone: +7 42455 21502

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Located in the South Kuril region of the Sakhalin region on the island of Kunashir and the adjacent Malaya Kuril islands. Kuril State Nature Reserve Presentation on the topic Kuril Nature Reserve