Information and educational project: "National Parks of the Southern Urals." Protected places of the Urals History of the emergence of national parks of the southern Urals

Rich in natural beauty and historical sites. There are always a lot of tourists in national parks, because here you can not only admire the mountain peaks and observe representatives of the animal world, but also engage in all types of outdoor activities.

Briefly about each

In the Ural region there are six national parks where tourists from different regions and regions of Russia prefer to spend time:

• In the Pripyshminsky forests they are engaged in the protection of a unique natural complex of pine and birch forests. Here you can find such rare plants as lady's slipper and Siberian iris, listed in the Red Book. The city where the park administration is located is Talitsa.
• Yugyd Va in the Subpolar Urals is a national park with one of the largest territories in the country. The site of the park "Virgin Forests of Komi" is on the UNESCO list.
• The pine forests of the Buzuluksky forest were formed six thousand years ago. Today, recreation centers have been built here, and tours and excursions can be booked in the nearest city of Buzuluk.
• The Ural National Park Bashkiria is visited annually by at least 30 thousand people.
• The tourist sites of Zyuratkul Park are a high-mountain lake and five ridges along which hiking trails are laid.
• Taganay in the Southern Urals connects several natural zones, and therefore represents an interesting object for traveling and studying the local flora and fauna.

Try trout

The Urals Zyuratkul National Park offers its guests a variety of recreational opportunities. Here you can go hiking to the foot of the ridge of the same name along an ecological trail, and you can entertain little travelers in the mini-zoo at the “Ecopark Zyuratkul” recreation center. Not far from the village of Magnitsky, a deer breeding farm has been opened, where Altai deer are kept, and guests can taste fresh fish cooked on coals at their own trout farm.
The easiest way to get to the park is by bus from, or going to the city of Satka. By car you need to follow the M5 highway until you turn at the sign “Zyuratkul National Park”.
Guest houses are located in the villages of Zyuratkul, Sibirka and Tyulyuk, and prices for paid services, a schedule of events and a list of game programs are available on the website - www. zuratkul.ru.

Cave explorers

Bashkiria Park is of undoubted interest for speleologists. The special tourist route for cave explorers here is particularly diverse. 36 karst formations, sinkholes, wells, springs and tunnels are accessible to the curious and active, and for fans of equestrian sports, their own trails have been laid to natural monuments. The necessary information will be provided at the tourist offices of Ufa and Meleuz.

I hope, fellow Ural residents, you didn’t miss the last (as the forecast promises) truly summer weekend and went somewhere?

We were on Urenga. Mikha said that we should go and have a look - there is a good path there. He ran into the TransUral, now we’ll walk through those places and look at them in more detail. The weather was so velvety that at the top you could sleep, lounging on a pebble! I haven’t been to any peak yet so that I can look at it and not immediately fall down because of the cold wind, even in summer. And here there is such beauty!

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July on Big Nurgush (short note)

Photo 1. On the Great Nurgush plateau. View of the ridge. Moskal.

The Nurgush ridge is the highest in the Chelyabinsk region. The average height of the ridge is 1200 meters, the maximum is 1406 meters. The highest point of the ridge, Mount Bolshoi Nurgush, is the highest point of the Chelyabinsk region. At the top there is the largest mountain-tundra plateau in the Chelyabinsk region, the area of ​​which is about 9 square kilometers.

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Walk to Zyuratkul

Returned from another hiking trip in the Urals. The three of us went, me, Yulia and Fedya, without Sveta and a camera, all photos were collected from the Internet. On our last trip, we walked through an area with well-marked trails and equipped parking areas. 60 kilometers from Taganay on Zyuratkul, the trail markings are lost every third post, and the General Staff map, also the national tourist map. Zyuratkul Park lies about the presence of paths and clearings, many of them are overgrown or difficult to discern:

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Taganay, August 10-12, 2012

Taganay is a group of mountain ranges of the Southern Urals, in the Chelyabinsk region. Length 25 km, height up to 1178 m (Mount Kruglitsa). The ridges stretch in the meridional direction, approximately from the city of Zlatoust to the city of Karabash. On March 5, 1991, the Taganay National Park was formed on the territory of Taganay. The national park is located in the western part of the Chelyabinsk region, on the northeastern outskirts of the city of Zlatoust.

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In the Southern Urals for the May holidays. Zyuratkul National Park.

I managed to find 5 days off for the May holidays, and I wanted to make good use of these days. It wouldn’t be possible to travel far, but within 1500 km it’s just right! Last year, at the beginning of May, we were already in the north, this year we wanted something new, and the Southern Urals were ideal for this.

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Miass. Central Section Review (2012)

Miass is a city of regional subordination in the north-west of the Chelyabinsk region with a population of ~150 thousand inhabitants. Founded in 1773 as a workers' settlement at a copper smelter. It has a large railway station on the Moscow-Omsk highway (southern Trans-Siberian).

The city is very elongated. In the longitudinal section, its duration is about 15 km, in the transverse section, as a rule, no more than two. Moreover, the city consists of three rather separate districts: Center, Old Town (south of the railway) and Mashgorodok, separated from the Center by a rather respectful forest, through which, however, trolleybuses run.

This post contains photographs from various walks taken on different days in the period from July 11 to July 28, 2011. Unfortunately, the Old Town was practically not covered by our walks, so it is mainly the central part that is present here.

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Taganay in summer. Three brothers.

1. We woke up at 11, had a leisurely breakfast and went to the foot of the Bolshoi Taganay mountain. The road is smooth, but very rocky. We left our things at Strelka and went to look at the rocky outcrops of the Three Brothers. It’s impossible to climb them without equipment, so we walked around, looked around, met some kind of bird of prey that was unhappy with our presence, took pictures and went back. When we were almost asleep, the forester arrived and began to swear that we had pitched the tent in the wrong place, it should have been 50 meters to the side.

In the Middle Urals, in the highest part of its western macroslope, there is the picturesque Basegi mountain range, the very name of which in the Ural dialect means “beautiful, wonderful.” In 1982, the Basegi Nature Reserve was founded here to protect undisturbed areas of the indigenous mountain taiga of the Cis-Urals and Urals.
The area of ​​the reserve is about 37.9 thousand hectares. It is a nature reserve of federal significance.
The reserve was created to ensure the safety of the undisturbed taiga of the Urals and Urals. On the territory of the reserve lies the Basegi mountain range, which has three peaks, Northern, Middle and Southern Basegi. The highest of them is Mount Middle Baseg - 994 m above sea level. Their slopes, steep and rocky, are covered with a disorderly pile of stones and boulders. On the peaks, rock outcrops form picturesque outcrops of bizarre shapes - the result of frost and wind weathering. On the mountain slopes there are numerous terraces on which you can see scatterings of stones - the so-called “stone seas” and “stone rivers”.

The Bazhovsky Places Natural Park is a specially protected area of ​​regional significance. One of the main objectives of the park is the preservation of natural complexes and the development of ecological and educational tourism. The park was created in accordance with the decree of the Governor of the Sverdlovsk region dated March 22, 2007 No. 193-UG "On the creation of a state institution of the Sverdlovsk region "Natural Park "Bazhovskie Places", decree of the Government of the Sverdlovsk region dated 04/02/2007 No. 275-PP "On the organization specially protected natural area of ​​regional significance "Natural Park "Bazhov Places"Natural Park "Bazhov Places" is named after the famous Ural writer Pavel Petrovich Bazhov.

Bashkir State Nature Reserve

At the junction of Europe and Asia, in the picturesque mountain region of the Middle Urals, in the upper reaches of the Sulem River, the Visimsky Nature Reserve is located, created in 1971 to preserve in its natural state, protect and study the natural complexes of the mountain taiga. In 2001, the reserve was awarded the status of a UNESCO biosphere reserve; its territory is interesting from the point of view of organizing comprehensive research on the impact of economic activities on the nature of this region.

The area of ​​the reserve is 33.5 thousand hectares.
The location of the reserve is such that it is located simultaneously in Europe and Asia, and waters from the reserve flow into the Volga and Ob. The territory of the reserve is located within the axial zone of the Middle Urals and the residual mountains of its western macroslope. The relief of the region varies from low-mountain ridge to flat. The maximum altitude is Mount Starik-Kamen (754 m), located in the north of the buffer zone of the reserve.
Amazing natural monuments: “Old Man-Stone”, “Pebble”, “Cedar forest on the Notikhe River”, “Primeval forest near the village of Bolshiye Galashki”, “Outcrops on the Sulem River”, “Shaitanskoe Swamp”.

East Ural Nature Reserve

In the basin of the most beautiful of the Ural rivers - the Vishera, in the extreme north-east of the Kama region, lies one of the largest nature reserves in Europe - a land of untouched taiga forests, picturesque mountains and fast rivers, fraught with many fascinating secrets and mysteries - the Vishera State Nature Reserve. It was created in 1991 on an area of ​​241.2 thousand hectares for the protection of intact mountain taiga landscapes of the Northern Urals - 183.243 thousand hectares (76%), treeless mountain landscapes - 48.511 thousand hectares (20%), swamps - 8.789 thousand hectares (3.6%), water surface (rivers, streams, lakes) - 0.657 thousand hectares (0.4%).

The reserve is located between two other protected areas: the Pechoro-Ilychsky reserves in the north and the Denezhkin Kamen reserves in the south.

The Denezhkin Kamen State Nature Reserve is located in the north of the Sverdlovsk region. Its territory completely includes the Denezhkino Kamen massif, the eastern slopes of the Main Ural Ridge, the Khoza-Tump ridge, the upper reaches of the Ivdel, Taltiya, Shegultan, and Sosva rivers. The area of ​​the reserve is 80 thousand hectares.

The Denezhkin Kamen Nature Reserve is unique among others in a number of ways. This is the only reserve located entirely on the eastern slope of the main Ural watershed. It is located at the intersection not only of the ranges of some animals, but also of different types of ecosystems. Quite large areas of primary mountain taiga and tundra have been preserved here, which are a reserve for especially valuable, rare and endemic species of the Ural mountain taiga flora and fauna.
Despite the relative proximity and accessibility, there was no large-scale industrial development of forests and mineral resources in the territory occupied by the reserve. There are no settlements here, no logging roads. The former Solva mine, clearings along the edge of the territory, occupy a slightly small area. This territory already had the status of a reserve in the period from 1946 to 1961.
The reserve was re-established in 1991. Despite the difficulties of the period of collapse of the Soviet state, the new team of the Denezhkin Kamen reserve successfully took over the baton in the matter of nature conservation and scientific research from their predecessors.

The highest mountain lake in the Urals (724 meters above sea level) - Zyuratkul - gives its name to the park of the same name, on the territory of which it is located. Founded in 1993. Located in the Chelyabinsk region. Created to preserve one of the most beautiful lakes in the Urals - Zyuratkul. Translated from the Bashkir language, “yurak-kul” means “heart-lake”. The lake is surrounded by mountain ranges. This is the most mountainous part of the Southern Urals. The park is located at the junction of two natural zones - taiga and forest-steppe.
These lands began to be developed a very long time ago - sites of Stone Age man were discovered on the shores of the lake, including the remains of ancient dwellings. The old Kazan road is at least 3000 years old, which was used by many warlike tribes crossing the mountains.
The park is located in the highest mountainous part of the Southern Urals. The terrain is mountainous, heavily intersected by river valleys and small streams. The Nurgush ridge, located in the central part of the park, is the third highest in the Southern Urals, its highest point is 1406.2 meters above sea level.
Many rivers of the reserve carry their waters from mountain springs, which is why they are so clean and transparent. Some of these rivers are natural monuments: Bolshaya Kalagaza, Berezyak, and Bolshaya Satka in the upper and lower reaches

Ilmensky State Reserve

The unique mineralogical Ilmensky Reserve is the oldest research institution within the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and one of the first reserves created in Russia. By decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR in May 1920, the Ilmen Mountains “... due to their exceptional scientific significance” received the status of the only mineralogical reserve in the world. Located on the eastern slopes of the Southern Urals, in the northern part of the Chelyabinsk region.

A corner of nature that is remarkable in its beauty and unique in its diversity of minerals, the Ilmen Mountains, has long attracted scientists and stone lovers. The history of Ilmen exploration began more than 200 years ago, when it became known in Russia and Europe about the richness and originality of the Ilmen Mountains.The main value of the branch of the reserve, located in the steppe foothills of the eastern Urals, is the fortified settlement of the Bronze Age - the proto-city of Arkaim (XVII-XVI centuries BC) The reserve includes the entire Ilmen ridge with a length of about 60 km and the eastern foothills with lakes Argazi (western half) in the north and Big and Small Kisegachami and Argayash in the south.
The highest point of the reserve is Ilmen-Tau, located at an altitude of 750 meters above sea level.

The mysterious word “taganay” is interpreted by researchers in different ways. Most often, the translation from Bashkir sounds like “Moon stand”, or “Moon supply”, “lunar tripod”. There are also possible options such as “mountain of the rising moon”, “mountain of the new moon.” And if the word is of Kett origin, then the translation will sound like “comb”.
The national park itself was formed in 1991 with the aim of preserving the natural complexes of the Taganay mountain ranges and Lake Turgoyak, which have special ecological and aesthetic value. Another important work of the park is to ensure the development of sustainable tourism.

Olenyi Ruchi Natural Park

The Olenyi Ruchi Natural Park is a specially protected natural area under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Sverdlovsk Region. The Olenyi Ruchi natural park is located in the southwest of the Sverdlovsk region, 100 km from Yekaterinburg, in the lower reaches of the Serga River. The park was created in 1999 on an area of ​​12 thousand hectares in one of the most popular tourist areas of the Middle Urals. Tourists are attracted by the amazingly beautiful landscapes of the ancient river valley, replete with a variety of natural and historical sites.

The Serga River is a typical mountain river, one of the cleanest in the Middle Urals. The banks of the river are framed by high rocks, on which there are mysterious drawings of ancient people, many caves and grottoes, including the largest cave in the Sverdlovsk region, “Druzhba”, and a unique vertical cave, “Big Karst Failure”, 50 m deep. In the far part of the park You can visit the open-air landscape and historical museum "Mitkinsky Mine"

One of the most famous nature reserves in the Urals is Pechoro-Ilychsky. Created in 1930. Within modern borders since 1959. Located on the western spurs of the Northern Urals, in the southeastern part of the Komi Republic. Area - 721.3 thousand hectares, of which 6 thousand hectares are in a separate area on the right bank of the Pechora near the village of Yaksha. Includes as many as three landscape zones. Plains, foothills and mountains allow you to get acquainted with the diversity of flora and fauna of the area. The flat region is characterized by low altitudes and great monotony in relief. The foothill region is characterized by ridged terrain. The mountains of the Northern Urals within the reserve consist of a number of individual peaks, separated by deep longitudinal and transverse valleys through which rivers and streams flow. The largest of the peaks, Kozhimiz, reaches a height of 1195.4 meters.
The average temperature of the coldest month, January, is -17°C (absolute minimum -57.6°C). The average temperature in July is +16°C, the maximum reaches +35°C.
The reserve has biosphere status and is included (together with the Yugyd Va National Park) in the World Natural Heritage Site “Virgin Komi Forests”

The territory of the park is located in the southeast of the Sverdlovsk region and is part of a huge and, at the same time, fairly compact tract of steppe pine forests. The national park was established on June 20, 1993 with the aim of preserving the unique natural complex of pine and birch forests.

The total area of ​​the park is 49,050 hectares. Most of the territory is occupied by forest lands (about 90% of the area). The remaining part of the territory is occupied by swamps, ponds, and a very small part of the area is occupied by hayfields, arable lands and pastures

The regional state institution “Natural and mineralogical reserve “Rezhevskoy” is a state regional environmental institution that carries out activities to preserve and restore natural complexes, their components and maintain the ecological balance in the territory defined by the Regulations on the natural and mineralogical reserve. The territory of the reserve is located southwest of the city of Rezh in the valleys of the Adui and Rezh rivers, on the territory of the Rezhevsky district, including the following settlements: Lipovskoye, Firsovo village, village. Cheremisskoe, village Oktyabrskoye, Koltashi village. A special feature of the reserve is its relative inaccessibility, lack of paved roads, and swampy terrain.

Nature reserve "Shaitan-Tau"

The territory of the reserve includes forest lands with an area of ​​6,726 hectares in the Kuvandyk municipal district of the Orenburg region, on the border with the Republic of Bashkortostan.

The Shaitan-Tau Nature Reserve was created in order to preserve the standards of oak forest-steppe, the best in terms of the degree of preservation throughout the entire Eastern European forest-steppe. In addition, this is one of the few areas of the Southern Urals that is not affected by the influence of industrial activity. The organization of protected areas of federal significance is an important compensatory environmental measure in connection with the anthropogenic load on the natural ecosystems of the southern outskirts of the Ural Mountains. The corresponding decree on the creation of the reserve, prepared by the Russian Ministry of Natural Resources, was signed on October 9, 2014 by the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation Dmitry Medvedev.

State Nature Reserve "Shulgan-Tash"

The Shulgan-Tash State Nature Reserve is located in the western foothills of the mountain-forest region of the Southern Urals, in the Burzyansky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan.
The reserve was founded in 1958 as the Pribelsky branch of the Bashkir reserve, and since 1986 it has been an independent legal entity. Occupied area – 22531 hectares. The Shulgan-Tash Nature Reserve is an environmental, research, environmental and educational institution of federal significance and part of the core of the UNESCO Bashkir Urals complex biosphere reserve created in 2012. Special areas of activity of the reserve are the preservation and study of the Burzyan bee bee in the conditions of the ancient craft of the Bashkir people - beekeeping, as well as a unique natural complex, a cultural and archeological monument - the Shulgan-Tash (Kapovoy) cave with rock art from the Paleolithic era.

State Nature Reserve "Yugansky"

In the 70s, the anthropogenic impact on the wildlife of the unique territory of the Northern Urals intensified, which threatened the loss of many natural, cultural and historical monuments, rare species of plants and animals. To prevent this, the Yugyd Va National Park was created in 1994, one of the largest natural reserves in the world, with a total area of ​​1926.5 thousand hectares.
The nature of the national park is, without exaggeration, unique - this is the only corner of Europe where it has been preserved in an almost undisturbed state, due to the remoteness and harsh climate of the area. Yugyd Va Park and the Pechora-Ilychsky Reserve were included by UNESCO in the World Natural Heritage List under the general name “Virgin Forests of Komi” in 1995.
The park is located on the border of Europe and Asia, on the western slopes of the Subpolar and Northern Urals. This is the highest part of the Ural mountainous country. Individual peaks of its ridges rise more than 1800 m above sea level, and the width of the mountain strip reaches 150 km. The highest peaks - Manaraga, Kolokolnya, Neroika - are located in the central part of the park.

South Ural Nature Reserve

Located, as the name suggests, in the Southern Urals, in the Republic of Bashkortostan and partly in the Chelyabinsk region. Covers the natural complexes of the Great Yamantau mountain range and the Zigalga ridge. Area - 255 thousand hectares.
The South Ural Nature Reserve was created in 1978 to protect and study the natural complex of the Southern Urals, which is rich in flora and faunal composition, to study restoration processes in mountain dark coniferous forests, to preserve and study the Bashkir bee. The reserve is located in the central, highest part of the Southern Urals with the highest elevation of 1646 meters.
Many rivers - tributaries of the Belaya - originate here, the largest of which are the Maly Inzer, Katava and Tulma. Despite the not very extensive wetland areas of the reserve, they play an important role as water guardians.

The essence of protected areas of the Urals

Specially protected natural areas of the Urals play an important role in preserving biological diversity. In such territories, absolutely all natural components are protected and include, first of all, nature reserves and national parks.

These are objects of national heritage and can be divided into categories:

1. Reserves, including biosphere reserves;
2. National parks;
3. Natural parks;
4. Natural state reserves;
5. Natural monuments;
6. Parks, dendrological and botanical gardens;
7. Resorts and health-improving areas.

Task national parks, open to public visits, is to effectively combine the protection of landscapes and their inhabitants with the organization of eco-tourism.

Reserves are closed to the public natural landscapes. In protected areas, all nature is protected, and they are removed from any economic use. Nature reserves are classified as research institutions that study natural processes. Based on comparison, a scientific study of the nature of the reserve and the nature of the neighboring area, which has experienced human economic impact, is being carried out. A distinctive feature of the reserves is that from the very beginning they were created exclusively for scientific purposes. The scientific principles underlying the organization of reserves have not lost their significance to this day.

The essence of the reserves is as follows:

1. Territories for organizing nature reserves should not be subject to human economic activity;
2. Protected areas should include rare species of flora and fauna;
3. Protected areas should be examples of landscape-geographical zones;
4. The sufficiency of the protected area to ensure self-regulation of the natural processes occurring there;
5. Protected areas, first of all, should include those “standards” of landscapes for which there is a danger of extinction.

Note 1

Protected natural areas set themselves the main task of maintaining ecological balance in natural systems. The presence of serious environmental problems in the Urals requires an increase in such areas.

Nature reserves of the Urals

The amazing Ural region is characterized by the diversity of its landscapes, and its reserves are unique protected areas. There are quite a lot of protected areas in the region and the Urals carefully preserves them. Famous not only in the Urals, but also in the country, is Pechora-Ilychsky Reserve, located in the Komi Republic, in the southeastern part.

The territory of the reserve includes three landscape zones:

1. Flat area with low altitudes and monotony in relief;
2. Foothill area with steep terrain;
3. Mountain region within the Northern Urals. The mountains here consist of individual peaks, which are separated by longitudinal and transverse deep valleys. Among all the peaks, Kozhimiz stands out, with a height of 1195.4 m.

The reserve is spread over an area of ​​$721.3 thousand hectares. The status of the reserve is biosphere and is a World Natural Heritage Site “Virgin Forests of Komi”. The landscape areas of the reserve have their own flora. Pine forests grow on flat landscapes, and spruce, fir and spruce-fir forests grow in foothill areas. In some places you can find cedar. Vertical zonality is characteristic of the mountainous region - the dark coniferous taiga is replaced by crooked forests, and then there are subalpine tall-grass and short-grass meadows. Mountain tundra and bush thickets are in the alpine belt, above which there are rocky placers.

The reserve contains $600$ of plant species, rare of which include Helma's minuartia, lady's slipper, and Shiverekia Podolskaya. The fauna is represented by $40$ species - elk, reindeer, brown bear, wolf, wolverine, ermine, chipmunk, sable, weasel, marten, badger, squirrel. More than $200$ species of birds, including capercaillie, black grouse, hazel grouse, large owls. In spring, there are many species of migratory ducks in the reserve. There is a farm for domesticating elk in the reserve.

The northern end of the Manpupuner ridge is known for its stone pillars-remnants, on the site of which high mountains stood $200 million years ago. One of the largest, the Pechora-Ilychsky Nature Reserve, is in the top five nature reserves in the country. The territory of the reserve is difficult to access, so there are few violations of the reserve regime. It is possible to enter the territory of the reserve from the western and eastern borders of its main part. Airborne fire patrols are carried out in the reserve, so forest fires are rare here. Fires that occur are extinguished very quickly. In addition to the Pechora-Ilychsky Nature Reserve, another $9$ nature reserves have been organized in the Urals.

Among which:

1. Vishera Nature Reserve;
2. Denezhkin Kamen Nature Reserve;
3. Basegi Nature Reserve;
4. Visimsky Reserve;
5. Ilmensky Nature Reserve;
6. South Ural Nature Reserve;
7. Shulgan-Tash Nature Reserve;
8. Orenburg Nature Reserve;
9. East Ural Nature Reserve.

National parks of the Urals

Increased anthropogenic impact on the unique Ural nature began in the $70s of the $20th century. Many natural, cultural and historical monuments, as well as flora and fauna, could disappear forever. To prevent such negative impacts, a national park was created in 1994. Yugyd-Va" The area of ​​this park is $1926.5 thousand hectares. Yugyd-Va is the only corner of Europe where the unique nature has been preserved in its natural state. One of the reasons for this is the great remoteness and harsh climate of the area. UNESCO included it in the list of World Natural Heritage in 1995.

The territory of the park occupies the Subpolar and Northern Urals - their western slopes on the border of Europe and Asia. The mountain peaks rise to a height of $1800$ m, and the width of the mountain strip reaches $150$ km. The high peaks of the park - Manaraga, Bell Tower, Neroika - are located in its central part. The right tributaries of the Pechora - Podcherem, Shchugor - flow through the park with clear and clean water. Most of the park's territory is occupied by natural forests, which belong to the only large area of ​​virgin northern taiga in Europe.

Many rare plant species growing here are listed in the Red Books, both International and Russian. Among these plants are true slipper, spotted slipper, alpine woodsia, marin root, and golden root. Plants such as goose onion, Perm anemone, Ural flax, and northern flax are endemic. Typical animals are reindeer, ermine, elk, wolverine, bear, pine marten, weasel, and white arctic fox. The waters of the rivers are inhabited by salmon, Siberian grayling, taimen, whitefish, etc. The Yugyd-Va National Park is very attractive for its natural landscapes - at a short distance from each other you can find taiga, mixed forests, subalpine and alpine meadows, and mountain tundra. Tourists' attention is attracted by herds of deer, quartz deposits, and the lush splendor of the blooming tundra and alpine meadows.

Note 2

Every year there are many visitors to the park, who are offered ethnographic routes. By following these routes you can get acquainted with the cult places of the ancient Komi and Mansi, the cultural and economic traditions of hunters and fishermen. Geological tours are dedicated to the history of the development of the natural resources of the Ural Mountains.

In addition to Yugyd-Va, there are other national parks in the Urals:

1. Taganay National Park;
2. Zyuratkul;
3. Bashkiria National Park;
4. Pripyshminskie Bors.

The reserves of the Urals are unique nature conservation areas. The amazing Ural region is characterized by the diversity of its landscapes, and its reserves are unique protected areas. The Urals carefully preserves its protected areas, of which there are quite a lot in the region.

The Ilmensky State Reserve was the very first in the Urals. It was formed in 1920 as a mineralogical one, but was later converted into a complex one.
The largest area in the Urals is the Yugyd Va National Park in the Komi Republic. Its area is about 2 million hectares.
One of the most famous nature reserves in the Urals, Pechoro-Ilychsky, is located in the southeastern part of the Komi Republic.

The difference between a Reserve and a National Park or Wildlife Sanctuary.

Reserves- protected natural areas, in which (unlike reserves) the entire natural complex is protected. The most important nature reserves in the world are included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. Reserves recognized as UNESCO Biosphere Reserves are protected by international law and are called biosphere reserves.
There are also natural historical reserves, architectural reserves and museum reserves.

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Reserve- a plot of land or water space within which the entire natural complex is completely and forever withdrawn from economic use and is under state protection. A reserve is also called a scientific research institution to which the specified territories are assigned. There are more than 100 nature reserves and game reserves in Russia. Any activity that disturbs natural complexes or threatens their preservation is prohibited in the reserve.

Biosphere Reserve- a protected area (reserve, national park, etc.), in which the protection of the most representative natural complexes for a given zone is combined with scientific research, long-term environmental monitoring and education in the field of nature conservation. The creation of biosphere reserves in Russia (since 1973) is associated with the “Man and the Biosphere” program.

National Park(natural national park), a territory (water area) in which landscapes and unique natural objects are protected. It differs from the reserve in allowing visitors for recreation.

Below is a list of existing state nature reserves and parks in the Urals with the chronological date of their formation. In the table, biosphere reserves that are part of the international system of biosphere reserves that carry out global environmental monitoring are highlighted in green.

Nature reserves of the Urals

National parks of the Urals

Natural parks of the Urals

General provisions on specially protected natural territories of the Russian Federation, the procedure for the formation of state natural reserves, the regime of special protection of the territories of state natural reserves are determined by the Federal Law of the Russian Federation of March 14, 1995 No. 33-FZ “On Specially Protected Natural Territories”.