Map of california with cities. California - the "golden state" of the USA Map of california detailed in Russian

California state map:

California is a US state located on the west coast of the country, on the Pacific Ocean. It borders the US states of Oregon (to the north), Nevada (to the east), and Arizona (to the southeast), as well as the Mexican state of Baja California (to the south). California is the 31st state of the United States and was formed on September 9, 1850. Prior to that, California at various times was under the rule of Spain and Mexico.

California is the most populous US state (both according to the census and 2008 estimates) and the third largest in area (after Alaska and Texas). The capital is Sacramento, the largest city is Los Angeles. Other major cities: San Francisco, San Diego, San Jose. The state is known for its diverse climate and diverse population. California also ranks first among US states in terms of gross domestic product. The most important branches of the state economy are agriculture, aerospace industry, oil production and processing, and information technology.

Year of formation: 1850 (31st in order)
State slogan: Eureka
Formal title: State of California
Largest city in the state: Los Angeles
State capital: Sacramento
Population: more than 34 million people (1st place in the country).
Area: 424 thousand sq. km. (3rd place in the country.)
Other big cities in the state: Anaheim, Long Beach, Los Angeles, Oakland, Sacramento, San Diego, San Francisco, San Jose, Santa Ana, Fresno

Before the arrival of Europeans, the Indian population of California was extremely diverse both in language (about 70 different peoples, many of which were separate language groups or even families) and in lifestyle - from fishermen to nomads. The Californian tribes of Chumash, Salinan (Salin), Maidu, Utians (Mivoki, Oloni), Modoki, Mojave, Pomo, Shasta, Tongva, Wintu, Esselens, Yokuts, Washo, Yana, Chimariko, Karuk, Hupa, Cahuilla are known.

The first Europeans to explore these shores were Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo in 1542 and Sir Francis Drake in 1579. Until the 1730s, California was considered an island. Beginning in the late 1700s, Spanish missionaries built small settlements on vast tracts of land on empty land north of Baja California (Spanish: California Baja). After the independence of Mexico, the entire chain of such settlements (missions) was declared the property of the Mexican government, and they were abandoned.

In the middle of the 18th - at the beginning of the 19th centuries, Russians began to penetrate into California. After the second voyage of Vitus Bering (1734-1743), the Russians established trading bases along the entire northwestern coast of America. As a result of two expeditions of Lieutenant Ivan Kuskov (1808-1809 and 1811), an employee of the Russian-American Company, a place was chosen for the founding of the settlement of Fort Ross, which functioned from 1812 to 1841, being the southernmost outpost of the Russian Empire in the North American lands occupied by it, then called Russian America. This settlement was located on the coast north of Bodega Bay and was sold to Swiss-born Mexican citizen John Sutter in 1841. A place of honor among the pioneers of the study and development of North America, up to Central California, rightfully belongs to Shelikhov, Baranov and other Russian researchers.

California was the name given to the northwestern part of the Spanish empire in North America. After the independence of the Spanish colonies, California became part of the Mexican Empire, then the Mexican Republic. After the Mexican-American War of 1847, the region was divided between Mexico and the United States. In 1848, the California Republic was proclaimed, which quickly came to an end after US Navy Commodore Sloat landed in San Francisco Bay and claimed the area as US territory. The American part, Upper California, became the 31st state of the United States in 1850.

After the discovery of gold in 1848, the so-called "Gold Rush" began here. During this time, California's population grew exponentially.

During the American Civil War, California officially supported the North. But the population was divided in their preferences, and units of Californian volunteers fought on both sides.

The completion of the first transcontinental railroad in the 1870s led to an explosive population growth. The settlers liked the climate, perfect for living and farming. By 1950, California had become the most populous state in the US, which it is today.

In Dixon's textbook, in the section "The Origin of the Names of the States," an option is given: "Spanish explorers who came to these places found the climate so hot that they gave it the name "heat of ovens" (Spanish calor de hornos, English heat of ovens)."

Origin of California state name

It is believed that the name California (this toponym refers to the whole region, which also includes the California Peninsula, the modern American states of Nevada, Utah, Arizona and Wyoming) comes from the legendary island inhabited by black Amazons, headed by Queen Califia. The island is described in the chivalric novel The Acts of Esplandian (Spanish: Las sergas de Esplandián) by the Spanish author Garci Rodriguez de Montalvo. The work is a continuation of the famous medieval novel "Amadis of Gaul" (Spanish: Amadis of Gaul), which was processed by Rodriguez de Montalvo earlier. On an island called California, black female warriors live in the novel; none of them are male. All their weapons are made of gold, since this is the only metal that is found on the island, it is found there in huge quantities. Griffins and other fantastic creatures also live in California from Rodriguez de Montalvo's novel.

According to another version, the name comes from the Latin phrase calida fornax (hot oven), which the Spanish colonists used to describe the hot climate of the region.

Geography of California

California stretches along the Pacific coast between 32 and 42 degrees north latitude and 114 and 124 west longitudes. It borders Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east; the state's southern border is also part of the state border with Mexico. On the Mexican side it adjoins the state of Baja California Northern. The length of California from north to south is about 1,240 km, and the width from west to east is about 400 km.

California is the largest Pacific state. It is also the third largest US state (423,970 km²), behind only Alaska and Texas and ahead of Montana.

The most famous and famous state of America - California is fraught with many interesting things. The largest are located here, not only tourists dream of getting here, but also the Americans themselves. And it ceases to seem strange, it is worth learning more about this state.

The state of California ranks first in terms of population in the United States with over 38 million inhabitants. In terms of area, it is also quite extensive: with a territory of almost 424 thousand km2, it ranks third in the country.

Here are located such large cities as Fresno, San Jose. However, the capital of California, Sacramento, is a rather calm and relatively small town.

History and modern population

California was first discovered by Europeans in 1542. A great contribution to its study was made by Russian travelers and scientists: Baranov, Kuskov, Shelikhov. For 30 years, even the settlement of Fort Ross, the southernmost outpost of the Russian Empire, was located here.

In 1841, Fort Ross was sold to a US citizen. And in 1847 the entire territory was divided into Upper and Lower California. The first is part of America, the second - Mexico. California became a state on September 9, 1850.

Today, the majority of the population is made up of white residents of almost all ethnicities. A large proportion (over 30%) are Hispanics who continue to actively migrate to the United States. The main religion is Christianity.

Geography and climate

California is located on the Pacific coast. On its territory there are mountains and hills, desert areas, forests of various types, dormant volcanoes and geological faults (the most popular is San Andreas).

Closer to the ocean, the climate is Mediterranean. It is good here all year round: the temperature variation is very small, it is warm in summer, without heat, in winter there is a lot of precipitation, but there are no frosts. Further along the continent, the climate changes: the summer months are hot, the winters are rather cool.

Economy

In terms of GDP, California occupies a leading position. Agriculture and winemaking are developed here, but the state is known for its entertainment orientation. This is the territory of show business, where a large number of large television companies are located, the film industry is developed, as well as tourism (California hotels are the largest in the country).

Also in California, modern technologies and the aviation industry are at a high level. Silicon Valley is located in the state. This is the region where the largest companies in the world are based: Adobe, eBay, Google, Intel, Facebook, Apple, etc.

Education

University of California The largest university in California is the University of California. It unites about 10 universities throughout the state. More than 230 thousand students study here. Known for its research centers and laboratories.

Most Outstanding Landmarks

1 Redwood National Park

7 Big Sur Coastline

California is a real concentration of the elite and bohemia. The famous Hollywood is located here, movie and television stars of world renown live here. California hotels amaze with their size and luxury.

It is also recommended to visit numerous railway museums with active exhibits here. The Fort Ross Museum-Reserve, where buildings from the time of ownership of the settlement of the Russian Empire are still preserved. Inio National Park, where the oldest tree on Earth, Methuselah, grows.

Watch a video about California:

Here is a detailed map of California with the names of cities and towns in Russian. Move the map by holding it with the left mouse button. You can move around the map by clicking on one of the four arrows in the upper left corner. You can change the scale using the scale on the right side of the map or by turning the mouse wheel.

What country is California in?

California is in the USA. This is a wonderful, beautiful place, with its own history and traditions. California coordinates: north latitude and east longitude (show on a large map).

virtual walk

The figure of a "little man" above the scale will help you take a virtual walk through the cities of California. By pressing and holding the left mouse button, drag it to any place on the map and you will go for a walk, while inscriptions with the approximate address of the area will appear in the upper left corner. Choose the direction of movement by clicking on the arrows in the center of the screen. The "Satellite" option at the top left allows you to see the relief image of the surface. In the "Map" mode, you will get the opportunity to get acquainted with the highways of California and the main attractions in detail.