“Red” and “Broken” pyramids of Snefru - Dahshur, Egypt. Bent Pyramid Attractions near Bent Pyramid
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The southern pyramid at Dahshur is called "broken", "cut" or "diamond-shaped" for its irregular shape.
Jon Bodsworth, Green CopyrightIt differs from other Old Kingdom pyramids in that it not only has an entrance on the north side, which was the norm, but also a second entrance, which is open higher up, on the west side. The northern entrance is located approximately 12 m above ground level, leading into a sloping corridor that descends underground into two rooms with ledges. From these two rooms, a passage leads through the shaft into another small chamber, which also has a ledge in the form of a roof.
Magnus Manske, CC BY-SA 3.0 The entrances on the north side of the pyramid were made during. This was due to the religious beliefs of the ancient Egyptians. Why there was a need for a second, western entrance here remains a mystery. In this pyramid, no trace of the presence of a sarcophagus was found, which would have been located in these rooms. Sneferu's name was written in red paint in two places in the "broken" pyramid. His name was found on a stele that stood inside the fence of the small pyramid.
To explain the non-standard shape of the pyramid, the German Egyptologist Ludwig Borchardt (1863-1938) proposed his “accretion theory.” According to it, the king died unexpectedly and the angle of inclination of the pyramid's faces was sharply changed from 54 degrees 31 minutes to 43 degrees 21 minutes in order to quickly complete the work.
Kurt Mendelsohn proposed an alternative: the pyramid at Medum and the southern pyramid at Dahshur were built at the same time, but an accident occurred at Medum - perhaps the casing collapsed after the rains - and this incident forced a hasty change in the angle of the sides of the pyramid at Dahshur, when it was already half built.
Funeral complex
The funerary complex consists of a large pyramid of the pharaoh and a satellite pyramid. Both of them are surrounded by a stone wall 2 meters thick. The stone fence is connected to the mortuary temple by a long causeway.
The temple is located 704 meters from the pyramids, which is why it is called the Welcoming Temple (or Valley Temple). Moreover, the remains of another road were discovered, leading from this temple deep into the valley to another temple. This arrangement of objects in the burial complex is unique and is not found anywhere else in Egypt.
 GDK, GNU 1.2
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Jon Bodsworth, Green Copyright Pyramid
- Height: 105.07 m (~200 royal cubits)
- Base side length: 188.60 m (~360 royal cubits)
- Perimeter: 754.4 m;
- Area: 35,570 m2
- Volume: 1,237,040 m3
- Tilt angle: 54°34" and 43°21"
- Angle coefficient: lower part - 7/5; top - 17/18
- Orientation of the sides of the pyramid to the four cardinal directions (error): ~ 9"12"
- There are 2 entrances: from the north side at an altitude of 11 m and from the west at an altitude of 33 m.
GDK, GNU 1.2 Pyramid name:
Pronunciation: cha (ḫˁ)
Stage 1 of construction
Archaeologists have found that the pyramid was rebuilt three times. This is confirmed by the location of the stone blocks. The pyramid was rebuilt in order to give it a more stable structure, but it turned out completely differently. The reconstruction led to an increase in the pressure of the blocks on the internal chambers, which led to the appearance of cracks and even the real possibility of collapse.
MONNIER FRANCK, GNU 1.2 At the first stage, the base side had a length of 157 m and an inclination angle of about 58° (or 60°). With such values of the base and angle, the height of the pyramid would be about 125 m.
When half of the pyramid was already assembled, problems were discovered with the strength of the entire structure and the builders had to abandon the original plan.
In the first stage, approximately 12.70 m of entrance tunnels (descending corridor) and approximately 11.60 m of ascending corridor have already been made.
GDK, CC BY-SA 3.0 Stage 2 of construction
To increase the reliability of the structure, the builders had to reduce the angle of inclination to 54°. Accordingly, it was necessary to increase the length of the side of the base of the pyramid by 15.70 m. Now the total length of the base became 188 m. Calculations show that with an angle of 54° and a base length of 188 m, the height of the pyramid would be 129.4 m, and the volume - 1,592,718.453 m3. However, at an altitude of 49 m, construction stops again.
MONNIER Franck, GNU 1.2 Stage 3 of construction
In order to reduce the load on the internal chambers of the pyramid, at the third stage of construction, only the slope of the upper part of the pyramid was changed - it was reduced to 43°. Due to the decrease in the angle of inclination, the total height of the pyramid also decreased to 105 m.
MONNIER Franck, GNU 1.2 Western entrance to the pyramid
The western entrance to the pyramid is absolutely unique and has no analogues both in terms of direction and safety. It faces the western side of the pyramid with its casing intact, and had a preserved locking turntable camouflaging it. The slab was removed and given to the Egyptian Museum in the 1950s. Thanks to its preservation, we can now know exactly how the entrances to the pyramids were constructed and camouflaged.
Photo gallery
Helpful information
Arab. هرم سنفرو المائل or الهرم المنحنيEnglish Bent Pyramid
Opening hours
- winter: 8:00–16:00
- summer: 8:00–17:00
Address and contacts
Dahshur - Tahma, El Badrashein, Giza, Egypt
Status
The Pyramids of Dahshur are UNESCO World Heritage Site No. 86.
Location
Located in the desert 26 km south of Cairo, on the west bank.
How to get there
Dahshur is served by public transport and sightseeing buses. But buses rarely reach Dahshur, you need to find out about this in advance. In this case, you can take a taxi from Giza or Saqqara (only 10 km to Dahshur).
Features of the pyramid
The pyramid contains two actually (initially) unconnected systems of rooms - Upper and Lower. The passage between them was made after construction through the layers of masonry.
Currently, the design of these rooms looks very strange, but this is due to the fact that huge volumes of floors and structures lying on the floors were broken into the rooms (probably by ancient diggers) and removed. For example, from the preserved traces of cement in the form of steps in the lowest chamber, it becomes clear that there was a very steep stone staircase here before moving to the chamber above. The chamber above also had a high floor or pedestal, and the lower "window" into the vertical well was inaccessible to the pharaoh's contemporaries.
In the upper rooms, in the so-called king's chamber, a large array of spacer beams made of Lebanese cedar is now visible. In the original, this system was deeply recessed into the masonry and floor of the chamber.
Radiocarbon dating of the tree indicated the approximate time of the creation of the pyramid and the reign of Snefru.
Properties of the Bent Pyramid of Sneferu.
Veynik V.A.
Introduction.
A total of 118 pyramids have been discovered in Egypt (as of November 2008). The largest pyramids in Egypt:
1. Cheops: base size - 230.4 m (height - 146.6 m).
2. Khafre: 215.3 m (143.87 m).
3. Pink, Sneferu: 219 m (109.5 m).
4. Broken, Sneferu: 188.6 m (104.7 m).
5. At Meidum, Sneferu: 144 m (93.5 m, seven steps).
6. Djoser: 121 x 109 m (62.5 m, six steps).
Dahshur or Dashur - necropolis of the Egyptian pharaohs of the Ancient and Middle Kingdoms, located in the desert 26 km south of Cairo (2 km south of Saqqara), on the west bank of the Nile. This is the southernmost "pyramid field" in the vicinity of ancient Memphis; its area is 3 x 1.5 km. Pyramids of the IV, XII and XIII dynasties of the Egyptian pharaohs were found on the rocky plateau of Dahshura.
Sneferu(Greek version of Soris, throne name - Nebmaat) - pharaoh of Ancient Egypt in 2613-2589 BC, founder of the IV dynasty.
Bent pyramid or Sneferu's pyramid.
Bent pyramid(or cut, diamond-shaped) is an Egyptian pyramid in southern Dahshur, the construction of which is attributed to Pharaoh Snefer. It is called so because of its irregular diamond shape.
Due to its unusual shape, locals call it a “false” pyramid. In English Egyptological literature this pyramid is considered “curved”, in French - “diamond-shaped”, in German - “broken”, and in Czechoslovakian literature - “broken” or a pyramid with two slopes.
Unfortunately, not a single fragment of the royal sarcophagus was found in the pyramid, so it is not known whether it served as a tomb for Pharaoh Snofru, just that his name was written in red paint in two places in the Bent Pyramid. At the eastern side of the Bent Pyramid, a sanctuary was excavated with an altar for offerings and two steles engraved with the name Sneferu.
The Bent Pyramid is a unique example of the first true pyramid, not a step pyramid. It is also unique in that the only burial complex of its kind was created around it.
In September 1737
English lawyer and traveler Richard Pocock(Richard Pocock, 1704-1765) went to Egypt; on his return he was elected a member of the Royal Society (academy of sciences) and ended his career as a bishop.
Pocock was one of the first to describe and measure the “pyramid with broken edges” in Dashur in his work “A Travel through Egypt” (London, 1755).
IN 1839
English engineer and Egyptologist John Shea Perring(John Shae Perring, 1813-1869) first explored the interior of the Bent Pyramid, entering the upper connecting tunnel and the southern chamber.
IN 1882
English archaeologist Flinders Petrie(Flinders Petrie, 1853-1942) explored the northern descending corridor of the pyramid.
However, it is believed that the first expedition to carry out serious excavations in Dahshur was that of a French archaeologist Jacques de Morgan(Jacques de Morgan, 1857-1924), who in 1894
And 1895
spent years excavating pyramids.
After Jacques Morgan, no one carried out excavations in Dahshur for thirty years due to the great difficulties associated with it. IN 1924
French Egyptologist Gustave Jequier(Gustave Jequier, 1868-1946) tried to conduct research around the Bent Pyramid, but after just one month of excavations he transferred his work to a more northern area, around the so-called “Mastaba of the Pharaoh” and the Pepi II pyramid complex. Then complete silence reigned in Dahshur for another twenty years.
IN 1945
In 2009, the Egyptian government created a new department for the study of pyramids in the Department of Antiquities and entrusted its leadership to an Egyptian archaeologist Abdel Salam Hussein(Abdul Salam Hussain). He successfully worked around the Bent Pyramid in 1946-1949
years four seasons (until his death) and discovered the name Snefru on some blocks among the marks from the quarry. These marks appeared repeatedly, especially on the blocks built into the corners of the pyramid. Thus, it was possible to establish that the Bent Pyramid was built by Snefru. A report on a detailed survey of the pyramid has never been published.
IN 1951-1955
Egyptian archaeologist Ahmed Fakhri(Ahmed Fakhry, 1905-1973) worked in the pyramid for 4 seasons annually. All that remains of his notes is a mention in one of his subsequent works, relating mainly to the external architecture of the pyramid.
Fakhri Ahmed, “Ancient mysteries of the pharaohs”, M.: Tsentrpoligraf, 2008. 256 pp., circulation 5000 copies. http://www.libma.ru/istorija/drevnie_zagadki_faraonov/index.php
IN 1960
-s and 1970
Italians Vito Maraggioglio(Vito Maragioglio) and Celesta Rinaldi(Celeste Rinaldi) studied the architecture of many Old Kingdom pyramids in great detail. They paid special attention to the problem of additional layers. They found that the bulk of the main pyramids at Dahshur and Giza were too well preserved for much of their internal structure to be seen, but wherever they could examine parts of the core of these pyramids, they only saw blocks laid horizontally, and not inclined. In fact, in all the pyramids of the 4th or 5th dynasty they found no evidence of any internal surfaces that could be associated with additional layers.
IN 1962
Maraggioglio and Rinaldi published the results of their 20 years of work in seven large volumes with detailed drawings, detailed descriptions, drawings of the exterior and interior.
Maragioglio Vito, Rinaldi Celeste, "Notizie sulle piramidi di Zedefrâ, Zedkarâ Isesi, Teti",
Torino: tip. Artale, 1962.
The situation changed only after 1997, when the Egyptian military unit, on whose territory the pyramid was located, was slightly shifted to the side. However, nothing has been heard of any active research into the Bent Pyramid in our time.
IN May 2009 year, the head of the Supreme Council of Antiquities of Egypt, Zahi Hawass, as part of a new program to protect and develop the territory south of the Egyptian capital, for the first time allowed crowds of curious people (the public) to climb inside the Bent Pyramid in Dahshur.
Main dimensions of the Bent Pyramid (Sneferu).
1) Full height of the pyramid: 104.7 or 105.07 m (according to calculations). Height of the pyramid (today): ≈ 101.1 m.
2) Height of the pyramid from base to fracture: 49.07 m.
3) Base length: 188.6 or 189.4 m (according to calculations).
4) Side face angle(α basic): in the lower part of the pyramid - 54°31′13", in the upper (starting from a height of 49.07 m) - 43°21".
To explain the unusual shape of the pyramid, a German Egyptologist Ludwig Borchardt(Ludwig Borchardt, 1863-1938) proposed the so-called “accretion theory”. According to it, the king died unexpectedly and the angle of inclination of the pyramid's faces was sharply changed from 54°34" to 43°21" in order to quickly complete the work.
5) Inputs: unlike the pyramids of the Old Kingdom, it has two entrances - on the north side at a height of 11.8 m and on the west side at a height of 33 m.
In addition to the uniqueness of its external shape, the Bent Pyramid is also distinguished by its internal structure. It consists of two levels – lower and upper. These levels were built completely isolated from each other, and only much later was a connecting passage made between them. Historians and archaeologists cannot explain this phenomenon.
Reference:
Satellite pyramid- located south of the Bent Pyramid at a distance of 55 m. The original dimensions of the pyramid: height - 26 m (now 23 m), length of the sides - 52.80 m. The angle of inclination of its sides is 44°3" (which is almost identical to the angle of inclination of the Pink Pyramid The entrance to the pyramid is on the north side at a height of 1.10 m above the ground.
Pink pyramid(or “northern”, less commonly called “red”) - the largest of the three large pyramids located on the territory of Dakhshur, it is also the first royal tomb, 2 km from Lomanaya. The original dimensions of the pyramid: height - 109.5 m (today 104.4 m), (base 218.5 × 221.5 m. The angle of inclination of its sides is 43°22" (in contrast to later norms - 51°52") , and its name is associated with the color of the facing stone.
Angles and tangents:
Pyramid of Cheops: 51°50" (tg = 1.2722957180321).
Broken pyramid: 54°34" (tg = 1.4054044020293) and 43°21" (tg = 0.94400130031295).
Satellite pyramid: 44°3" (tg = 0.96737666988289).
Pink pyramid: 43°22" (tg = 0.94455156130701).
2h/a = tan
h = 188.6*1.4054044020293/2 = 132.52963 = 132.53 m - height of the pyramid-54.
a = 2*(104.7 - 49)*1.4054044020293 = 156.566 m - the base of the pyramid-43. 
Conclusion.
I am forced to specifically emphasize that modern pyramid researchers are fascinated by model similarities of the main thing and for some reason the only one the primary source - the Cheops pyramid, along with all sorts of “world” constants supposedly encrypted in its geometry. Whatever the child enjoys, as long as... he eats less vodka.
In solving the problem of pyramids (a purely special case of polyhedra), three types are important:
- the largest single-hull (as if “mono”) pyramid (for example, Cheops);
- two-body Broken Pyramid (Sneferu, one and only);
- multi-body (step) pyramid (for example, Djoser, six steps).
Almost two decades have passed since the death of thermal physicist Veinik, and there is no fresh information about the study of the properties of “polyhedra”. Is Russia really so mired in business (= legalized theft) that people have lost interest in the radiation that connects our bodies with the “subtle” worlds?
The “subtle” worlds (pico-, femto- and attomirs) are unimaginably powerful (compared to humans). “It becomes scary when you think that the ultra-subtle world is inside each of us, in each of our atoms, cells, organs and bodies as a whole. And when you know that femto objects are capable of synthesizing or destroying any atom, changing the functions of any cell and organ and introducing into our consciousness any thought, feeling and desire, show any dream and generally do anything with us, especially since they are not only capable, but also continuously and tirelessly do all this: they dictate our thoughts, feelings and desires, they suggest memories, show dreams, influence the body's regulatory functions, etc." [TRP, p.542].
Literature.
TRP. Veynik A.I., “Thermodynamics of real processes”, Minsk: “Navuka and technology”, 1991
http://www..html
1. Veynik V.A., “Properties of the Cheops pyramid”, 08/31/2014.
http://www..html
2. Puchkov Alexander Vladimirovich, architect.
Puchkov A.V., "The Bent Pyramid Complex. Facts, ideas, hypotheses", 04/15/2013.
http://isida-project.org/publ/stati/drevnie_sooruzhenija/kompleks_lomanoj_piramidy_fakty_idei_gipotezy/6-1-0-8
3. Zamarovsky Vojtech(Zamarovský Vojtech, 1919-2006), Slovak-Czech writer, author of many popular science works and researcher of the ancient history of Greece, Rome, Egypt.
Zamarovsky V., “Their Majesties Pyramids”, M.: Nauka, 1986. 432 p.
S-nfr-ḫˁ
"The Appearance of Sneferu"
(There is a determiner of the South Pyramid)
height: 26 m;
base: 52.80 m;
incline: 44°3".
The southern pyramid at Dahshur is called "broken", "cut" or "diamond-shaped" for its irregular shape. It differs from other Old Kingdom pyramids in that it not only has an entrance on the north side, which was the norm, but also a second entrance, which is open higher up, on the west side. The northern entrance is located approximately 12 m above ground level, leading into a sloping corridor that descends underground into two rooms with ledges. From these two rooms, a passage leads through the shaft into another small chamber, which also has a ledge in the form of a roof. The entrances on the north side of the pyramid were made during the Old Kingdom. This was due to the religious beliefs of the ancient Egyptians. Why there was a need for a second, western entrance here remains a mystery. In this pyramid, no trace of the presence of a sarcophagus was found, which would have been located in these rooms. Sneferu's name was written in red paint in two places in the "broken" pyramid. His name was found on a stele that stood inside the fence of the small pyramid.
To explain the non-standard shape of the pyramid, the German Egyptologist Ludwig Borchardt (1863-1938) proposed his “accretion theory.” According to it, the king died unexpectedly and the angle of inclination of the pyramid's faces was sharply changed from 54 degrees 31 minutes to 43 degrees 21 minutes in order to quickly complete the work. Kurt Mendelsohn proposed an alternative: the pyramid at Medum and the southern pyramid at Dahshur were built at the same time, but an accident occurred at Medum - perhaps the casing collapsed after the rains - and this incident forced a hasty change in the angle of the sides of the pyramid at Dahshur, when it was already half built.
Funeral complex
The funerary complex consists of a large pyramid of the pharaoh and a satellite pyramid. Both of them are surrounded by a stone wall 2 meters thick. The stone fence is connected to the mortuary temple by a long causeway. The temple is located 704 meters from the pyramids, which is why it is called the Welcoming Temple (or Valley Temple). Moreover, the remains of another road were discovered, leading from this temple deep into the valley to another temple. This arrangement of objects in the burial complex is unique and is not found anywhere else in Egypt.
Pyramid
- Height: 105.07 m (~200 royal cubits)
- Base side length: 188.60 m (~360 royal cubits)
- Perimeter: 754.4 m;
- Area: 35,570 m2
- Volume: 1,237,040 m3
- Tilt angle: 54°34" and 43°21"
- Angle coefficient: lower part - 7/5; top - 17/18
- Orientation of the sides of the pyramid to the four cardinal directions (error): ~ 9"12"
- There are 2 entrances: from the north side at an altitude of 11 m and from the west at an altitude of 33 m.
Pyramid name:
| |
Pronunciation: cha (ḫˁ)
Stage 1 of construction
Archaeologists have found that the pyramid was rebuilt three times. This is confirmed by the location of the stone blocks. The pyramid was rebuilt in order to give it a more stable structure, but it turned out completely differently. The reconstruction led to an increase in the pressure of the blocks on the internal chambers, which led to the appearance of cracks and even the real possibility of collapse.
At the first stage, the base side had a length of 157 m and an inclination angle of about 58° (or 60°). With such values of the base and angle, the height of the pyramid would be about 125 m.
When half of the pyramid was already assembled, problems were discovered with the strength of the entire structure and the builders had to abandon the original plan.
In the first stage, approximately 12.70 m of entrance tunnels (descending corridor) and approximately 11.60 m of ascending corridor have already been made.
Stage 2 of construction
To increase the reliability of the structure, the builders had to reduce the angle of inclination to 54°. Accordingly, it was necessary to increase the length of the side of the base of the pyramid by 15.70 m. Now the total length of the base became 188 m. Calculations show that with an angle of 54° and a base length of 188 m, the height of the pyramid would be 129.4 m, and the volume - 1,592,718.453 m3. However, at an altitude of 49 m, construction stops again.
Stage 3 of construction
In order to reduce the load on the internal chambers of the pyramid, at the third stage of construction, only the slope of the upper part of the pyramid was changed - it was reduced to 43°. Due to the decrease in the angle of inclination, the total height of the pyramid also decreased to 105 m.
Western entrance to the pyramid
The western entrance to the pyramid is absolutely unique and has no analogues both in terms of direction and safety. It faces the western side of the pyramid with its casing intact, and had a preserved locking turntable camouflaging it. The slab was removed and given to the Egyptian Museum in the 1950s. Thanks to its preservation, we can now know exactly how the entrances to the pyramids were constructed and camouflaged.
Features of the pyramid
The pyramid contains 2 virtually unrelated (initially) systems of premises - Upper and Lower. The passage between them was made after construction through the layers of masonry. Currently, the design of these rooms looks very strange, but this is due to the fact that huge volumes of floors and structures lying on the floors were broken into the rooms (probably by ancient diggers) and removed. For example, from the preserved traces of cement in the form of steps in the lowest chamber, it becomes clear that there was a very steep stone staircase here before moving to the chamber above. The chamber above also had a high floor or pedestal, and the lower "window" into the vertical well was inaccessible to the pharaoh's contemporaries. In the upper rooms, in the so-called king's chamber, a large array of spacer beams made of Lebanese cedar is now visible. In the original, this system was deeply recessed into the masonry and floor of the chamber. Radiocarbon dating of the tree indicated the approximate time of the creation of the pyramid and the reign of Snefru. [ ]
Satellite pyramid
To the south of the Bent Pyramid, at a distance of 55 meters, there is a small pyramid (or satellite pyramid). It is believed that it was created for the "Ka" (soul) of the pharaoh.
The original dimensions of the pyramid: height - 26 m (now 23 m), length of the sides - 52.80 m. The angle of inclination of its sides is 44°3" (which is almost identical to the angle of inclination of the Pink Pyramid). The masonry of the stone blocks of this pyramid is quite primitive, and the blocks themselves are roughly processed. As scientists have found out, the limestone for the pyramid was delivered from Tourah, a southern suburb of Cairo, located on the eastern bank of the Nile (from where the pharaohs of the Middle and Late Kingdom took limestone to build their tombs). Unlike the Bent Pyramid, this one no longer has cladding and is very quickly destroyed by erosion.
The entrance to the pyramid is located on the north side at a height of 1.10 m above the ground and begins with a descending tunnel. This tunnel runs at an inclination of 34° and has a length of 11.60 m. Then there is a short horizontal corridor. Then the corridor begins to go up at an angle of 32°30".
A tunnel and stone blocks in it were discovered above the descending passage (horizontally). According to the builders' plan, the blocks were supposed to roll down an inclined plane (32°30") and block the path to the ascending tunnel. Today, two blocks are still visible there. At the end of this passage there is a small void.
This pyramid has one peculiarity - numerous red lines of unknown nature appear on the walls and floor.
The arrangement of the pyramid's premises resembles their location in the Cheops pyramid. Here an ascending corridor precedes the gallery, and at the end of the gallery there is an entrance to the burial chamber. The chamber is only 1.6 m long, no sarcophagus was found in it and, apparently, the pyramid was never used as a tomb. In the southeast corner of the room, a 4-meter-deep hole is visible, presumably dug by treasure hunters.
This is the only satellite pyramid of such large dimensions and with such a complex system of arrangement of internal chambers.
Herbert Ricke originally proposed that this pyramid was the tomb of Queen Hetepheres. However, modern researchers think differently, because no traces have been found that it was ever used as a tomb. The purpose of this pyramid is rather cultic (Rainer Stadelmann) - conducting rituals and making sacrifices. This hypothesis is also confirmed by the fact that not far from the eastern side an alabaster altar with two 5-meter steles on the sides was discovered.
Upper Temple
On the eastern side of the pyramid are the remains of a small temple. Two destroyed 9-meter limestone steles with the name Snofru were discovered here. One of the steles can be seen in the Cairo Museum. The temple was never used as a tomb, but only as a place for religious rites. Archaeologists have found that the temple was reconstructed several times - first during the XII Dynasty, and then in the Late Period. This proves that Sneferu was an object of worship by the Egyptians for several thousand years.
The necessary conditions: open the region of Saqqara
Reward: 1,500 XP
A man Bayek once knew asks for help in breaking the curse that hangs over the sodium mine.
Talk to Nefertari
Nitria
Follow Nefertari
Follow Nefertari when she finds you at the natra mine. Her first stop is with the wounded (2) .
Next stop at the top of the hill (3) . Nefertari asks you to light three torches in the shrines of Anubis. On South (6) , on the top (4) , on a broken pyramid (5) .
Find and light three ceremonial torches
Send Sena to find three torches. Head north first (4) . Follow the shaft and climb the rock to reach the top.
Explore the well in search of the missing torch tip
Activate Animus Pulse while standing on top. Dive into the well below and find the missing torch piece.
Repair and light the torch. Now go to the broken pyramid (5) . As you follow the road you will pass a caravan (7) . Beware of the bandits' ambush that will appear if you decide to collect the treasure.
Sneferu's Bent Pyramid
Enter Sneferu's pyramid (5) . For instructions on how to get inside, see the side mission "First Blood". There is also a torch here. Light it and then go to the last ceremonial torch in the hyena's lair.
Hyena's lair at Saqqara
On the way to the hyena's lair (6) , you will likely encounter bandits on horseback. Defeat them before entering the hyena's lair so you don't have double enemies.
Defeat the level 23 hyena and the level 25 leader to complete the objectives in the area. Use Animus Pulse to find and investigate clues in the torch cave.
Light the torch in the cave and collect the loot (the treasure behind the pig carcass).
Talk to Nefertari
Nitria
Talk to Nefertari (8) at the end of a long, high platform overlooking Nitria. This will unlock the side quest "When Night Comes".
