Abandoned villages of the Moscow region. Photo, map. Abandoned villages of the Moscow region How to look for abandoned villages
The history of lost settlements that have not survived to this day is an important part of the history of the region.
Today we will talk about the village Lipovets, which existed in the 16th-1st centuries. XVIII centuries on the territory of the Housing Cooperative (Zhilkopa) of the urban settlement of Fryanovo, Shchelkovsky district, Moscow region, village Gridino, at different times called Bravino, Brovkino or Gridkovo, from the beginning of the 16th to the beginning of the 20th century, located on the right bank of the Dubenka River opposite the village of Golovino, a village Kopylovo in the XVI-I half. XVIII century located between Mavrino and Stepankovo, village Lunevo, in the XVIII - first half. XIX century located on the right bank of the river. Melezhi near the village of Bobry and a village with an unusual name Bolokhrystovo, at the beginning of the 16th - first half of the 19th centuries. existed not far from the present Staropareev...
Lipovets
North of Fryanovo along the Sherenka River through the Likhachikha wasteland (as the Endova cliff was called in those days) on the territory of the current Fryanovo Housing Cooperative in XVI century there was the ancient village of Lipovets. It was listed as the estate of Ivan Mikitin's son Boskakov.
Ivan Mikitin son of Boskakov (Baskakov). The Boskakovs were relatives of the Zubovs, who had owned the village since ancient times Gridina, located between and . Both families descended from the Tatar Baskak Amragat (Miragan), who was baptized with the name Zechariah (Martyn).
One of the sons of Amragat, Parthenius, who accepted monasticism with the name Paphnutius, died in 1478 and in 1540 was canonized (Reverend Paphnutius of Borovsky, 1394-1477). His other son, Ivan Boskakov, died in the Kazan campaign of 1547. One of Baskakov’s descendants, Sharap Baskakov, sold a number of his estates to the Trinity Makhrishchi Monastery, but this deal was challenged by Timofey Klobukov, the son of Toporkov, another major estate owner of the Shchelkovo region. The Baskakovs were among the ancient families of the Central Russian districts who had long-standing contacts with representatives of the administration of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery.
Rev. Paphnutius Borovsky.
In the lists of service people, Desyatny 1577, the owner of the village of Lipovets, Ivan Mikitin, son of the Baskakovs, wasmarked as follows: “At the layout shop, the payers said: they don’t know him, he doesn’t live from the layout.”. In other words, a serving man was not allocated land for his service, but lived off his own estates. The commentator of this mention believes that it was Ivan Mikitin Baskakov who owned the village of Lipovets.
The need for money was one of the reasons that forced the owners to part with their ancestral estates. In 1577/78, Ivan Baskakov sold his large village of Aleksino in the Kinelsky camp to the Trinity-Sergius Monastery. Despite the fact that Ivan Boskakov had a son, Evdokim Ivanovich, he, according to his soul, gave the village of Lipovets with the courtyard of patrimonial lands to the Suzdal bishop's house. Later, in 1627, Evdokim tried unsuccessfully to sue a number of his father's ancestral estates at the Trinity-Sergius Monastery. Another son of Ivan Mikitin Boskakov, Ivan, served under the command of Ivan Vasilyevich Sitsky (?-1608), the then owner of the neighboring village. In 1586, I.V. Sitsky repaid Ivan Ivanovich Baskakov with 350 acres of land in the Moscow district. It is interesting that the third son of Ivan Boskakov, Grabysh Ivanov, son of Boskakov, was the nephew of clerk Shemet Ivanov and together with him came into possession of the future Fryanovo. The wife of Ivan Mikitin, son of Boskakov, was the sister of Shemet Ivanov.
So, in 1584-1586, the village of Lipovets, together with the adjacent Likhachikha (Endova) wasteland and the Klimushi wasteland (Klimushino, not far from), passed into the possession of the Suzdal bishop's house: “The village of Lipovets, which was formerly behind Ivan, behind Boskakov, and in it there is a courtyard of the ruler, and Grigory Kirilov, son of the Samsons, lives in it.”. Soon the following were annexed to the possessions of the Suzdal Bishop's House: the Klimushi wasteland (the territory of the Fryanovskaya Factory CJSC), the village of Poreevo (Staropareevo) and the now non-existent villages of Bolohristovo and Ikonnikova (Ikonnikovskaya). The village of Lipovets, being on church property, became deserted in the first half - mid-18th century. On the maps of the General Survey of 1766-1770, the area belonging to the College of Economy was listed as the Lipovitsa wasteland.
Gridina (Bravino, Brovkino, Gridkovo)
On the right bank of the Dubenka River, opposite from the beginning XVI century to the first half XX century there was a village that no longer exists Gridina. IN XVI century, it was the family patrimony of Ivan Zubov, who came from an old noble family, traced back to the Tatar Baskak Amragat (Miragan), who was baptized with the name Zechariah (Martyn) and became the ancestor of the Zubovs and Boskakovs. The relationship of Ivan Zubov with the Boskakovs is all the more interesting because on the territory of the future Fryanovo, in the possession of Ivan Boskakov, there was a village Lipovitsy. In addition, Boskakov’s son was the nephew of clerk Shemet Ivanov and together with him came into possession of the future Fryanovo. Information about the life and work of Ivan Zubov has been lost, but it is known that until 1584-86 the village, which by that time had become a wasteland, came into the possession of his son: “Behind Grigory Ivanov, Zubov’s son, his father’s old patrimony: the wasteland that was the village of Gridin” .
In 1768, the village of Gridina, called “Bravina”, together with its lands, extended to the village of Golovino, located on the other side of the Sherenka River (on the map of 1786-1791 - the river “Reshenka”), and was part of the possession of the village of Golovino of the State Councilor Sergei Ivanovich Protopopov.
D. Brovino on the map 1786-1791
By 1812, the name of the village changed again. This time the village is called “Brovkino”. Then the widow of Sergei Ivanovich, Anna Alekseevna Protopopova, already owned it and the village. Around 1816, the owner sold the village to the son of a famous architect, collegiate assessor A.I. Starov, and sells the village “Gridkovo” (Brovkino) to captain Anatoly Sergeevich Vyazemsky, who owned the village at that time. In 1852, there were 54 serf peasants living in seven households in the village of Gridkovo. After the abolition of serfdom and the purchase of land plots from the owner (1862), there were 8 households and 58 people. At the end of the century, due to the outflow of the population from the village to work, the number of people living in the village decreased. Back in 1882, in the village of “Gridkova” the same number of people lived in 7 houses as 20 years ago, but in 1890 (the same in 1899) only 20 peasants lived in the village. In the same year, 1890, there was a master’s yard-estate near the village, which belonged to the hereditary honorary citizen Alexandra Nikolaevna Smirnova.
After the revolution, in 1926, the village of Gridkovo (Gridina) belonged to the Dubrovinsky village council. There were 12 households and 37 people living here. It is not known exactly when the village ceased to exist in these places. Now there is nothing here that reminds us of her, and the tireless waves of time have erased the memory that our ancestors once lived and died here, dreamed, worked and loved.
Kopylova (Kopyly)
It is worth mentioning another ancient village that has not survived to this day, which existed back in the days when the current village was a wasteland. Between Mavrino and, a little north of the also not preserved village V XVI century there was the now defunct village of Kopylova. The village received its name from the surname of its ancient owner, a patrimonial owner, who could have been the Moscow princely posadnik in Pskov, mentioned in 1510, Yuri Kopyl (Kopylov). Geographically, the village belonged to the Vore-Korzenev camp. The village was an ancient patrimonial possession of the Napolskys - large patrimonial owners of the Kinel district. Until 1573, the unserviceable son of the boyar Fyodor Teplov of Napolsky took the land of the Mavrinskaya wasteland as a quitrent. “Children of the boyars” in those days were called representatives of the landowning class from the crushing clans of the boyars or boyar warriors. Until 1584/1586, the village of Kopylova was deserted, and, apparently, after the death of F.T. Napolsky, passed into the possession of his sons: “For the undergrowth, for the Peasant, and for Ondryushka, for the Fedorov children of Napolsky, their father’s old patrimony of the village. Kopylova, who was formerly behind Fyodor Napolsky, and in her was a courtyard of patrimonial landowners.” . In 1596, Andrei Fedorov, the son of Napolskaya, laid out local land (150 quarters) in Pereslavl Zalessky. Andrei Fedorovich was listed as a non-service and unplaced “novik”, that is, a young man of 15-18 years old, now, in 1596, being accepted for military service. The newcomers who received land salaries this year made up the cadre of figures of the Time of Troubles. Along with him, the son of the owner of the Mavrino wasteland in 1630, Sidor Elizariev, was also included in the “ten novikov”.
A century and a half later, in 1768, the Kopylova wasteland belonged to the owner of the village of Gavrilkovo, Anna Vasilyevna Eropkina, and after her it came into the possession of the court councilor Olga Mikhailovna Potresova. In 1852 the heath was no longer mentioned.
Lunevo
In the old days, Lunevo was located a little to the west of the village on the same right bank of the river. The shallows are a little further upstream. Unfortunately, no documents have survived that could indicate the ancient origins of this lost village. Only its name can tell us this. Many Lunev nobles who owned estates are known to Russian history from the second half XV century. A certain Philip Koptev, son of Lunev, was placed in the Moscow region by 250 chets of the land in the Ten Noviki of 1596.
Seltso Lunevo on the map 1786-1791
In 1768, which became the village of Lunevo, was in the possession of Countess Ekaterina Ivanovna Karamysheva (1716-?, nee Tolstoy) - the wife of the court councilor Nikolai Fedorovich Karamyshev. Ekaterina Ivanovna was the daughter of Count Ivan Petrovich Tolstoy (1685-1786) and Sofia Sergeevna Stroganova (1824-1852). At that time, 40 souls of serfs lived in the village.
In 1812, the village of Lunevo was owned by the wife of the college secretary, the sister of the owner of the neighboring village of Bobry, Anna Karlovna Yanish. Sisters Anna and Elizaveta were the daughters of a professor of medicine, one of the first rectors of the Yaroslavl Demidov School of Higher Sciences, a popularizer of the chemical theory of light, Karl Ivanovich Janisch (1776-1853). During Napoleon's invasion, Anna Karlovna provided 16 warriors from the serf peasants of the village of Lunevo to the militia. In the second quarter XIX century, Lunevo falls into disrepair and merges with the village of Bobry. On Schubert’s map it is already referred to as “the village of Beavers (Lunevo).” In 1852, the village was no longer mentioned.
Bolokhrystovo
In the second half XVI century, not far from Staropareev, in the area between the Shirenka and Kilenka rivers, there was a now non-existent ancient patrimonial village, which bore the rather strange name Bolokhrystovo. In Sreznevsky’s dictionary, the first part - “Bolo” is the root of the ancient Slavic word “Bologo” - “good”. This name of the village, indicated in documents of 1573-1586, may indirectly indicate the antiquity of the village and the etymology of its name “Good (good) - Christ”, going back to XV century.
In the second quarter XVI owned the village for centuries Semyon Petelin, who came from an old family of Pereyaslavl patrimonial lords who served the Moscow princes since the time of Grand Duke Ivan Kalita. The most famous of the Petelin family of clerks was the clerk of the Grand Palace Order (1578) - Druzhina Foma Panteleevich Petelin, who, according to the review of the English diplomat Giles Fletcher, was “a very remarkable man among the natives in terms of intelligence and efficiency in political matters ». A certain Ivan Petelin in 1450 owned villages and hamlets in the Kinel volost, located northeast of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery along the Pereyaslav (Trinity) road. The descendants of the Petelins - servicemen Yakov and Vaska are mentioned in documents of the Time of Troubles. All that is known for certain is that Semyon Petelin left no heirs and handed over the village of Bolohristovo as an inheritance to his daughter “Mashka Semyonova, daughter of Petelin,” who owned it for the most part, until 1584, when, as an escheated patrimony, the village of Bolohristovo became the property of the state and entered into state local distribution.
The rich rural economy that emerged from the estates was a tasty morsel for any service man of those years. Already in 1584-1586, the village of Bolohristovo was divided in two between local owners: Ivan Olekseev, son of Ugrimov And brothers Bokhteyar and Kazarin Mikitinov. According to the scribal books: “Behind Bokhteyar, behind Mikita’s son, behind the bars clerk, and behind his brother, behind Kazarin: half the village of the Bolohristovs, what was behind Masha, behind Semyonova’s daughter Petelina in the estate, and in it the courtyard of the votchinniki, the Makhteyarovs and Kazarin business people live in it.” . The brothers' names indicate their Tatar origin. The Crimean Tatars, who switched to Russian service and converted to Orthodoxy, were settled with land in these places at the direction of the head
Last winter I became interested in studying fairs before 1917 on the territory of the Moscow province. I read quite a few articles and books from which I highlighted a lot of information for general development. It's fun to read history. I recommend.
Naturally, at first I used the list of fairs of 1787 and 1834, as well as the lists of “Populated areas of the Moscow province”. All this is available on the Internet in the public domain and anyone can familiarize themselves with it. It’s another matter when you start looking for these villages and towns or even just churchyards on modern maps. The names of settlements have changed, and what’s more, in past times the owner of this or that place called it by his own name, and he owned, for example, ten villages. A couple of villages with the same name could even be in the same county. So, sorting through and sorting out lists of old and modern maps, I drew a modern map with notes where and what fairs were located. If there was information, I made notes about the volume of trading, the number of people, the time of the fair and how many days the fair lasted.
I understood the reasons for the popularity of the famous Rogachev Fair. Many have heard about the Field of Miracles in Rogachevo. These are three fields located on the outskirts of the village.
There seems to be nothing complicated. People traded and traded and everyone knows about it. But why was there such active trade in this particular place and for quite a long time - several hundred years?
Let's look at the map.
And let's look at this same place through the eyes of Schubert.
A fairly convenient and safe route by water from the Volga. As you know, the condition of the roads in those distant times was.... Yes, there were no roads in those distant times. There was a single number of roads, and the rest were ordinary well-worn dirt roads. Only the roads were covered with stones. Someday I will tell you about my walks along two such paths. It is quite interesting to see a road covered with stones when there is no hint of civilized roads in the area. But that's in the future. Due to the lack of roads, traveling by cart was quite difficult and time-consuming. If you take the speed of a loaded cart as 5-7 km/h, it is not difficult to calculate that in 10 hours you can travel 50-70 km. But this can only be considered in arithmetic problem books. The maximum working day for a horse is 10-12 hours. The horse is fed 3-4 times a day. The horse can start working 30 minutes after feeding. To feed a horse, it is enough to hang a sack on the horse’s muzzle, but to give it water, you need to unharness it. And it turns out that the cart moves at a speed of 5-7 km/h not for 10-12 hours, but at best for eight hours. From this we conclude that the maximum distance that a horse and cart can travel in a day is 40-50 kilometers.
Along the Yakhroma River, barges were also pulled by horses, but the cargo transported per horse varied significantly. The legend behind the name of the Yakhroma River is very interesting. Allegedly, Yuri Dolgoruky was accompanied by his wife on a trip around the principality. To rest near the river, the princess dismounted and stumbled while exclaiming, “Oh! I’m lame.” People around took it as the name of the river. Since then, it became customary to call this river Yakhroma.
Those wishing to walk along the bank of Yakhroma in the Rogachevo area should take into account that the riverbed in this place has been greatly changed due to reclamation work. The new channel is clearly visible on modern maps, and we can see the old one on Schubert’s maps.
The village of Rogachevo is the central transshipment point on the trade route from Moscow to the north, and the fair here was on a national scale. It could not be closed only by those three fields that I marked in the first picture. Trade was carried out from Ust-Pristan to the Nikolo-Peshnoshsky Monastery (Lugovaya). Barges stood near the shore and merchants sold their goods directly from them. If you walk along the shore, you can see recesses as if intended for parking such ships. We conclude that trade was carried out along almost the entire course of the Yakhroma River from Ust-Pristan to the Nikolo-Peshnoshsky Monastery and, naturally, in those places where there was convenient access (see Schubert’s map). Trade was also carried out in the areas between Alexandrovo-Kopylovo and the river. The ships ascended along the Sestra River to Trekhsvyatskoe. There, the main place of trade was near Cherneev. Well, then the loaded carts drove off, some to Klin, some to Dmitrov, or some to Moscow. In Klin there were weekly fairs on Saturdays, and in Dmitrov, in addition to the weekly ones, there was another weekly one on September 15th.
Further along the circle are the famous Teryaevo and Joseph-Volotsk monastery. Fairs were held there on August 15 and September 8. Up to 3,500 people gathered at the fairs there. The goods were brought for 20,000 rubles. And nearby, five kilometers away, a small fair in Spirovo was held on November 21. People from surrounding villages came and traded all sorts of little things.
I will note another place that is not remarkable today, where there used to be a monastery and a graveyard. This is Nosovo. There is no such settlement now. It is near the village of Yastrebki, Odintsovo district. The Assumption Safroniev Monastery is mentioned back in the 15th century. Near it there were auctions for the surrounding villages. Up to 1,500 people gathered at the auction and the turnover was 3,500 rubles.
There was a monastery somewhere there.
And here it looks like the fair itself was taking place.
I was unable to find out when the dam appeared.
Forest next to the trading place. Perhaps traders and buyers rested there, or maybe they celebrated transactions.
There were several large fairs in the south of the Moscow province. What did one fair in Dedinovo mean? The Oka River made it possible for merchants to come to the fair from many cities. Shopping arcades stood on the river bank. There were two rows. In one they sold food supplies, and in the other on Fridays all kinds of goods from the surrounding villages. When the railway was built, goods were delivered from the Lukhovitsy station and these were mainly cattle. I can assume that the cattle were not transported to the left bank of the Oka. The auctions were most likely held on both banks on July 8 and September 8. Further along the left bank of the Oka is Beloomut, which previously consisted of Lower and Upper. Three fairs were held in Nizhny Beloomut. On Maslenitsa Monday, trading lasted for two days, on Ascension for three days, and on October 1 for one day, with a trading period for two days. They traded in cattle, textiles and dry goods, as well as hay and fish and everything else they could. In Upper Beloomut there were weekly markets on Mondays. Pervitsky Torzhok, thanks to the close location of the railway and river, received merchants from many cities and villages every Saturday.
And now I want to tell you about the fair that attracted me more than all of the above. There is still a story ahead about one unknown fair, but in terms of trading volumes it is comparable to Rogachevskaya, but I will try to talk about it later and in a separate topic on November 15th.
The fair took place in the village where the Church of the Icon of the Mother of God of Kazan was built in 1752. There were 46 households in the village in which 171 males and 163 females lived. At the zemstvo school they learned to read and write. Due to a fire in 1870, the church was rebuilt.
On July 8, goods were brought from Kashira, Tula, Serpukhov, Venev and Zaraysk. The new auction took place in the square in the center of the village.
The thing is that there are two villages with the name Bogatishchevo. The second Bogatishchevo-Epishino is 14 km further north and receives more attention. All search engines when typing Bogatishchevo point to a railway station, which is in no way associated with the village where the fair could have taken place. As we can see from the picture, the village itself is located a little south of the railway station. In Soviet times, a poultry farm was built to the north of the village, and treatment facilities for this poultry farm were built to the east. The poultry farm and sewage treatment plants are now not operational and you can take a walk in the fresh air in the vicinity of the village with great pleasure. You can walk to the Bolshoye Lyubilovo tract and swim in the reservoir, but this, of course, is on a warm summer day. Now it might be better to direct your steps towards the Svinoe tract. Previously there was a temple complex there. The village itself ceased to exist, but dachas began to grow around that place. The walk should be enjoyable. See map.
At the same time, for your attention from Schubert's map.
And at the same time, PGM.
View of the sewage treatment plant across the field
And this is the Church of Our Lady of Kazan in the neighboring village of Rastovtsy. The history of the village is interesting, but there was no fair there and we’ll talk about it some other time.
If someone is in these places and takes photographs, I will be ready to accept them as a gift and post them on the blog. Happy travels.
In the 15th century, man came from Greece. You can imagine walking from Greece to our shores. A man lived in orange groves and ate olives in unlimited quantities. Then I once collected the roller and went north. He found a lake and formed a settlement on the island. And this happened around the year 1431. They lived without bothering until there was little room for them. And they then turned to the king with a bow. The good Tsar Ivan the Terrible (that’s his last name), being in a good mood, signed a letter in which he donated the surrounding lands for the construction of the Nikolo-Radovitsky Monastery. This happened in 1584. And so that the monastery’s income would be stable, they began to hold annual fairs there on the 9th and 10th weeks of Easter. There was plenty of space, so people walked around for two weeks. And all this happened in the village of Radovitsy, Yegoryevsky district. The places are remote, overgrown not only with grass and bushes, but also with tree growth.
A little further north there is a place that was mentioned in the scribe books of 1587. The beautiful ancient Church of the Intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary was built in 1801. Fairs were held in front of the church. Access to the field is along an asphalt road.
Let's go north. Let's find the small village of Tugoles. The magnificent Church of the Great Martyr Paraskeva (Friday) opens unexpectedly. The most beautiful domes in the forest. A fascinating sight. This is a must see. If you see domes in the forest, it means you’ve turned left and you’ll soon hit the end of the road, and then it’s a well-rolled dirt road and you can’t drive through it in wet weather. And there’s really nowhere to go there. To the left will stretch a huge field covered with grass suitable for harvesting for hay. On the right is an abandoned regional hospital. The number of gadflies living in that region simply cannot be counted. One might say the watershed. They can be caught there and exported abroad in huge quantities.
However, dear readers of the blog are waiting for the continuation of the story about the fairs of the Moscow province. I will describe to you a fair that took place in a village on the Venevskaya postal road. They traded there on Trinity Sunday. They traded from the cities of Zaraysk, Tula, Serpukhov, Kashira and others. The entrance was convenient. There was a village on the road. Now to get to it you have to walk. Locals prefer a tractor. I didn't see any other transport there. You can leave the car in the neighboring village near the church and walk three kilometers or so.
The map clearly shows the location of the village of Gritchino in those days of the Kashira district. I think you can easily find it on modern ones, just don’t confuse it with the village of Gritchino, Kashira district. By the way, the village has already been renamed into a village, and therefore you need to choose which village of Gritchino to go to. It's an interesting place to walk, just don't miss the gardens. Follow the path through the gardens. You enter the village and on the left you will immediately see the remains of a church, and there you can choose any direction for further travel. If you head to Khrenovo, after 2.5 km you will come across the remains of a village by a river, and after another couple of kilometers you will reach Khrenovo itself. I almost forgot, to the left behind the river there was a churchyard with two churches. Oh! Forgot. We're talking about fairs. The fair was in Gritchino.
Let's move to the Shakhovsky district, the village of Cherlenkovo. Let's take a look at this area.
The fair in Cherlenkovo took place on May 9, St. Nicholas Day. In 1900, rumors spread that the soil from the grave of a godly man named Philip helped with everything. At first, they took the earth from the grave in pinches and simply carried it with them. The rumor spread, and people crawled to the grave and each person already took not a pinch, but a grain of land. People began to come from neighboring provinces. I took a calculator and roughly calculated how much land people could carry away by taking just one zmen. Let's take a density of 2,000 kg/cub.m. A person can take approximately 50 grams. One thousand people can easily carry 50,000 grams or 50 kg of earth. Several thousand people passed there every day. I decided to take a walk to the place where there should be a foundation pit instead of a grave. Or maybe he himself would take a piece of earth for good luck. And who knows, maybe it will bring good luck. I mapped out the route.
I looked at satellite images in which everything is clearly visible.
I printed out the map.
Tried to place several thousand people in this territory. I couldn’t imagine where they were located, what, and most importantly, where they ate. Where did they sleep? From articles about this event we read that several thousand breads were sold per day. One prosvira cost 1 kopeck. The county candle warehouse did not have time to supply candles to the church. The map shows where the church is and where the cemetery is. And this small settlement in the spring of 1900 received thousands of people every day, fed them and put them to bed. According to evidence, bread was baked in cartloads and sold for double or triple the price. The locals certainly got rich. Every scam has its end. The police restored order. No matter how I searched, I never found a hole at the site of the grave of God-pleasing Philip. I walked from the north of the cemetery, then went down to the church and walked along the river bank. The places are beautiful and interesting.
The nearest fairs in the district are Murikovo, Khovan, Levkievo and Sereda are written in the Reference Book of the Moscow Province of 1890.
"Fairs" on Yandex.Maps
To be continued.
Stay tuned.
There is no point in hiding that abandoned villages and other populated areas are the object of research for many people who are passionate about treasure hunting (and not only). There is a place for those who like attic searching to roam, to “ring through” the basements of abandoned houses, to explore wells, and much more. etc. Of course, the likelihood that your colleagues or local residents have visited this locality before you is very high, but, nevertheless, there are no “knocked out places”.
Reasons that lead to the desertion of villages
Before starting to list the reasons, I would like to dwell on the terminology in more detail. There are two concepts - abandoned settlements and disappeared settlements. Disappeared settlements are geographical objects that today have completely ceased to exist due to military actions, man-made and natural disasters, and time. In place of such points one can now see a forest, a field, a pond, anything, but not standing abandoned houses. This category of objects is also of interest to treasure hunters, but we are not talking about them now.
Abandoned villages precisely belong to the category of abandoned settlements, i.e. towns, villages, hamlets, etc., abandoned by residents. Unlike the disappeared settlements, the abandoned ones for the most part retain their architectural appearance, buildings and infrastructure, i.e. are in a state close to the time when the settlement was abandoned. So people left, why? A decline in economic activity, which we can see now, as people from villages tend to move to the city; wars; disasters of various types (Chernobyl and its environs); other conditions that make living in a given region inconvenient and unprofitable.
How to find abandoned villages?
Naturally, before heading headlong to the search site, it is necessary to prepare a theoretical basis, in simple words, to calculate these most likely places. A number of specific sources and tools will help us with this.Today, one of the most accessible and fairly informative sources is Internet:
The second quite popular and accessible source- These are ordinary topographic maps. It would seem, how can they be useful? Yes, very simple. Firstly, both tracts and uninhabited villages are already marked on fairly well-known maps of the Gentstab. It is important to understand one thing here: a tract is not only an abandoned settlement, but simply any part of the area that is different from other areas of the surrounding area. And yet, on the site of the tract there may not be any village for a long time, but that’s okay, walk around with a metal detector among the holes, collect metal garbage, and then you’ll get lucky. Not everything is simple with non-residential villages either. They may not be completely uninhabited, but may be used, say, as summer cottages, or may be occupied illegally. In this case, I don’t see any point in doing anything, no one needs problems with the law, and the local population can be quite aggressive.
If you compare the same map of the General Staff and a more modern atlas, you can notice some differences. For example, there was a village in the forest on the General Staff, a road led to it, and suddenly the road disappeared on a more modern map; most likely, the residents left the village and began to bother with road repairs, etc.
The third source is local newspapers, local people, local museums. Communicate more with the natives, there will always be interesting topics for conversation, and in between, you can ask about the historical past of this region. What can locals tell you about? Yes, a lot of things, the location of the estate, the manor’s pond, where there are abandoned houses or even abandoned villages, etc.
Local media is also a fairly informative source. Moreover, now even the most provincial newspapers are trying to acquire their own website, where they diligently post individual notes or even entire archives. Journalists travel a lot on their business and interview, including old-timers, who like to mention various interesting facts during their stories.
Don’t hesitate to visit provincial local history museums. Not only are their exhibitions often interesting, but a museum employee or guide can also tell you a lot of interesting things.
Topographic map of the Moscow province, engraved at the Military Topographical Depot in 1860 on 40 sheets. Scale 2 versts in English inches 1:84000.
Of considerable interest is not only the process of creating the map itself, but also the historical period of time that preceded its appearance.
At the end of the 18th century, a radical transformation of cartography took place in Russia, marking the beginning of an independent military topographical service. Emperor Paul I, soon after coming to the throne, paid special attention to the lack of good maps in Russia and on November 13, 1796, issued a decree transferring all maps of the General Staff to the disposal of General G.G. Kushelev and about the founding of His Imperial Majesty's Drawing Department, from which His Majesty's Own Card Depot was created in August 1797.
This act made it possible to bring order to the publication of maps and made the Map Depot a centralized state archive of cartographic works in order to preserve state and military secrets. A specialized engraving department was established at the Depot, and in 1800 the Geographical Department was added to it. On February 28, 1812, the Map Depot was renamed the Military Topographic Depot, subordinate to the Ministry of War. Since 1816, the Military Topographical Depot was transferred to the jurisdiction of the General Headquarters of His Imperial Majesty. In terms of its tasks and organization, the Military Topographic Depot was primarily a cartographic institution. There was no topographic survey department, and the required number of officers from the army were seconded to produce maps.
After the end of the war with Napoleon I, much more attention was paid to field topographic and geodetic work. Military operations revealed a shortage of maps, and new methods of warfare at that time raised the question of the need for large-scale maps, which, in turn, required a good and fairly dense network of geodetic reference points and accurate topographic surveys. Since 1816, triangulation of the Vilna province began, which laid the foundation for the development of triangulations in the country, and since 1819, regular topographic surveys have been organized on a strict scientific basis. However, the performance of geodetic and topographical work by a small number of officers of the quartermaster unit, who in addition had a lot of other official duties, did not allow the process of systematic and systematic mapping of the country to begin.
In addition, the cost of maintaining topographic officers seemed too high. Therefore, the urgent question arose about creating a specialized organization to carry out surveying and geodetic work, staffed by people of non-noble origin. Such an organization, which existed along with the Military Topographical Depot, was formed in 1822 and became known as the Corps of Military Topographers. Its composition was made up of the most capable pupils of military orphan units - cantonists, sons of soldiers who from birth belonged to the military department in then serf Russia. To train personnel of the Corps of Military Topographers, the Military Topographical School was founded in the same year. The Corps of Military Topographers, established at the General Staff of His Imperial Majesty, became a special organization for carrying out geodetic work, topographic surveys and training a large number of highly qualified topographers.
The activities of the famous Russian surveyor and cartographer F.F. are closely connected with the Corps of Military Topographers. Schubert, its founder and first director. Fyodor Fedorovich Schubert (1789-1865) was the eldest of the children and the only son of the outstanding astronomer Academician Fyodor Ivanovich Schubert (1758-1825). Until the age of eleven, he was raised at home, with special attention paid to mathematics and the comprehension of languages. During this period, F.F. Schubert read a lot of books from his home library, as well as from the library of the Academy of Sciences, which was headed by his father. In 1800 F.F. Schubert was assigned to the Peter and Paul School, which was then renamed a school, without graduating from which, in June 1803, at the age of only 14, at the request of his father, he was transferred as a column leader to the General Staff.
Quartermaster General P.K. Sukhtelen, a close acquaintance of Fyodor Fedorovich’s father, instilled in the young man, who dreamed of naval service, a great love for topographic and geodetic work. In 1804 F.F. Schubert was sent on two astronomical missions, for the successful execution of the first of them he was promoted to second lieutenant. In the spring of 1805, he took part in a scientific expedition to Siberia under the leadership of his father, and in the summer of 1806 he was again busy with astronomical work in Narva and Revel. From October 1806 to February 1819, F.F. Schubert was in the active army, taking part in military operations against the French, Swedes and Turks. During the battle of Preussisch-Eylau in 1807, he was seriously wounded in the chest and left arm and almost died during an attack by Ruschuk. In 1819 F.F. Schubert was appointed head of the 3rd department of the Military Topographic Depot of the General Staff, and in 1820 he became the head of triangulation and topographic survey of the St. Petersburg province and in the same year received the rank of major general.
In 1822 F.F. Schubert develops a draft regulation for the Corps of Military Topographers and soon becomes the first director of the newly established Corps. After 3 years, he was appointed manager, and from 1832 - director (until 1843) of the Military Topographic Depot of the General Staff and the Council of the General Staff Academy. In addition to the positions of F.F. From 1827 to 1837, Schubert was also the head of the Hydrographic Depot of the Main Naval Headquarters of His Imperial Majesty. Fedor Fedorovich successfully combined the management of these institutions with a number of other equally responsible responsibilities. He directs extensive trigonometric and topographical work in a number of provinces, organizes the publication of “Notes of the Military Topographical Depot” and “Notes of the Hydrographic Depot”; compiles and publishes the “Manual for the calculation of trigonometric surveys and the work of the Military Topographical Depot,” which served as the main manual for topographers for several decades. June 20, 1827 F.F. Schubert was elected an honorary member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, and in 1831, for distinguished service, he was promoted to lieutenant general.
The cartographic works of Fyodor Fedorovich are of considerable importance, especially the ten-verst special map of the Western part of Russia he published on 60 sheets, known as the “Schubert Maps,” as well as his works devoted to the study of the type and size of the Earth. In 1845 F.F. Schubert became an infantry general, and the following year he was appointed director of the Military Scientific Committee of the General Staff, which he led until its abolition in 1859. With such an abundance of responsible positions, F.F. Schubert not only coped well with the responsibilities assigned to him, but also brought a lot of new things to the work of each institution in which he worked, so his contribution to the development of the domestic military topographical service was very important, and his authority in the scientific world was very enormous.
Fedor Fedorovich devoted his free time from public service to numismatics (in 1857 he published a detailed work on this issue). He spoke four languages flawlessly, had an excellent understanding of music and painting, and was a multifaceted, hardworking and cultured person.
The name of General Schubert is also associated with the creation of a topographic map of the Moscow province, which was engraved at the Military Topographic Depot in 1860. As already indicated above, since 1816, large-scale work on triangulation and topographic surveys based on a strict scientific basis began in Russia. In 1820, F.F. began his extensive triangulation work. Schubert. In the period from 1833 to 1839, under his leadership, the triangulation of the Moscow province was carried out, which was completely completed only by 1841. A big drawback of the triangulation works of F.F. Schubert was that he did not pursue the goal of obtaining such high accuracy, which was inherent in the triangulation of K.I. Tenner and V.Ya. Struve, who were in charge of similar work in Russia at that time. F.F. Schubert attached a purely utilitarian meaning to these works - to provide support only for current topographic surveys, since, as director of the Military Topographic Depot, he tried to obtain maps for the largest possible territory of the country. In addition, in his triangulations F.F. Schubert did not pay adequate attention to finding the heights of points, which was acutely felt when bringing the lengths of the measured bases to the surface of the sea. However, these shortcomings of General Schubert's triangulation work were more than compensated for by the high quality of instrumental topographic surveys carried out under his leadership.
The rules for filming have been subject to all sorts of variations over time. The general provisions, true for most cases, were as follows. Trigonometric points were intended as the basis for dividing a geometric network. Only the main objects of the area were instrumentally filmed: large roads, rivers, provincial borders. For this purpose, the serif method was widely used; It was allowed to use compass in forest areas. The main content of the map was depicted using an eye. During the survey, the relief was conveyed by horizontal lines indicating the angular magnitude of the slopes of the terrain, and only the contours of the peaks and thalwegs were drawn instrumentally. The relief was drawn in a desk setting with strokes in the Lehmann system.
Topographical instrumental surveys in the Moscow province under the direction of F.F. Schubert were produced in 1838-1839. At this time, only the space in the Moscow districts was filmed. Filming was carried out on a scale of 200 fathoms per inch. The demands that Fedor Fedorovich placed on field work performers were very high. Suffice it to say that F.F. Schubert strictly forbade the use of a compass, since it could not provide the accuracy that could be achieved by filming forest roads using an alidade. Subsequently, based on the materials of these surveys, in 1848 a topographical map of the outskirts of Moscow was issued on 6 sheets on a scale of 1 verst per inch. After quite a long time, filming of the Moscow province continued. In 1852-1853 they were produced under the leadership of Major Generals Fittinghof and Rennenkampf and were carried out on a scale of 500 fathoms per inch.
Topographic surveys in the Moscow province were carried out by the Corps of Military Topographers, but we can hardly now accurately identify the direct performers of field work, since their names are not on the 1860 map. But on each of the 40 sheets we can read at the bottom the names of the engravers of the Military Topographic Depot who prepared this map for publication. The fragment of this map presented to your attention includes four incomplete sheets, each of which was worked on by 6-7 people. It is interesting that among the latter were two free engravers invited from abroad: Yegor Eglov and Heinrich Bornmiller. These artists taught our engravers the best European methods of engraving and themselves took a direct part in the work “for which, in 1864, the Emperor Most High deigned to grant them silver medals to wear on the ribbon of the Order of St. Stanislaus, with the inscription “for zeal.”
The original topographic map of the Moscow province of 1860 is a print from a copper engraving on 40 sheets + a composite sheet, executed in one paint. The boundaries of the province and counties are hand-raised with red watercolor paint. The map is compiled in a trapezoidal pseudo-cylindrical polyhedral projection of Müfling on a scale of 1:84,000 or, translated into the Russian system of measures, 2 versts in an inch. When compiling the map, we used materials from topographic surveys made in 1852-1853, but it should be noted that the surveys of 1838-1839 were also used as the basis for the creation of this map for those sheets that cover the territory of Moscow and the surrounding area. The contents of the map are thorough. Of particular interest is the high skill of the engravers, thanks to whom all elements of the map are perfectly legible. The relief is beautifully engraved, especially the ravine network: the smallest spurs are drawn, which can simply be missed on current topographic maps of a similar scale. A considerable number of different objects are labeled on the map, which allows it to be used as a valuable source of data on toponymy, since many hydronyms are partly lost today - they cannot be found on any large-scale topographic map. Even in our time, almost 140 years later, with the help of this document you can navigate the countryside quite confidently. It is not surprising that in Soviet times the presented map was classified as secret.
Hello again! At the beginning of the year, my friends and I visited several abandoned and semi-abandoned villages in the Moscow region. In this regard, I present a new photo report. Here we will talk about the most memorable moments, abandoned houses, curious finds, rural household items and other interesting things.
By the way, I don’t write from places like this very often. There was a similar blog (just part 1) last fall, you can see it. Before this, there were a couple more blogs in 2009 and 2010, but now I won’t bother searching, it’s better to move straight to the new part. So, today's report is dedicated to a couple of villages and country houses in the Moscow region. All of them are located at different distances from the capital, but they have one thing in common - either the village is being actively demolished for development, only a couple of living houses remain. Or in a working village there are remote abandoned houses that no one has visited for a hundred years, the windows are partially broken, and there is no fence. This is not the case everywhere, but since the capital is growing quickly, many villages, falling within the boundaries of Moscow, are gradually degrading. Villages near highways are also unlucky, as well as, on the contrary, villages very far from residential agglomerations. For the most part, these houses are empty, homeless residents often live, and there is nothing interesting to be found. But sometimes you come across some rather interesting locations. You’re even surprised how so many ancient and rather rare things, interior items, old dishes and much more have been preserved. So, I’m posting the photos mixed up to make it proportionately interesting, otherwise some places are quite empty, and some, on the contrary. Go.
1. A typical house built before the revolution. No one lives inside, the door is wide open, the windows are broken. We came here in the cold winter. Not the most interesting, but still.
2. We move several tens of kilometers. We get to a more interesting house. Shall we sit down and have some tea? In the corner we find an old chest, Viennese chairs near the table. We lift the seats and find a pre-revolutionary label, a small thing, but nice) There are many clocks scattered on the table. By the way, there will also be a lot of hours in the report.
3. Another house is next. On the terrace we find a portrait of the great poet, clearly caught under the scythe.
4. In one of the houses we find an antique piano. The same company, by the way, as the piano that some freaks threw out the window of an abandoned school (see blog at the end). This, thank God, is still alive, but the keys are already sticking. At the top of the piano we find a Soviet domino set.
5. Another stopped clock. Ordinary plastic ones, Soviet ones.
6. Sometimes you come across houses completely destroyed; for example, this one’s roof collapsed after a fire. The sofa looks a little crazy.
7. And this is a house with Pushkin on the terrace. The ceilings are rotten, the floor is collapsing. For example, here, the closet fell down.
8. An old birdhouse next to one of the abandoned vegetable gardens near the house.
9. You can often find various curious things in the attic. In this house, for example, these are ancient items of peasant life (spinning wheels, rakes, pitchforks, wooden shovels, sieve, etc.), notebooks from the 20s and 30s, textbooks of the same time, newspapers, Christmas tree decorations, porcelain dishes, etc. In this frame you can still see a radio in very poor condition from the 1940s.
10. Typical kitchen in such houses. An old stove, a water heater, a beautiful but dusty mirror and various junk.
11. Children's dolls always look especially creepy.
12. Another interesting room. Here we find a pre-revolutionary Singer sewing machine, or rather a table from it and itself. The condition is very poor. Time and dampness take their toll. There are a lot of old and half-rotten clothes in the closets.
13. I will show you the foundation of the camp. Rusty letters "ZINGER" on the back.
14. Every village house should have a red corner.
15. On the way past residential buildings, you often come across local residents)
16. Rusty bikes were found on the terrace.
17. But in the room there is a curious clock lying on the floor.
18. A house in a village a short distance from the rest. Strange, by the way. In one room the ceiling collapsed, in the second it was barely breathing, there was virtually no fence, the windows were broken, and the light in one of the rooms was still working! Traces of destruction are visible inside.
19. This piece of paper really intrigued me. Teaching writing in the 20s. “Arise, branded with a curse, the whole world of hungry and slaves!”
20. In the kitchen of an abandoned house. There are letters underfoot, and an old radio on the wall.
21. All clocks show different times.
22. Cute wooden bookcase.
23. Header photo. The rug looks especially sad. Rus'-troika, where are you going? And really, where...
24. Soviet pinball. Curious thing, never seen before. Although I’ve seen a lot of Chinese 90s. The condition is terrible.
25. One almost completely demolished hut.
26. In the house from frame 18. Buffet in the kitchen. Surprisingly perfect preservation! It’s as if no one has been living for two or three years, but no one has climbed or beaten. Although the dishes are late Soviet and not rare, so it’s not surprising.
27. Notebooks from the 20s, 30s, this time closer. Decorated with portraits of Lunacharsky, Lenin, faces of peasants and pioneers. And of course, “Workers of all countries, unite!”
28. In the house from the 1st photo, we find such a wonderful chest right on the threshold
29. A little bit of May nature from village plots =)
30. And again we find pinball. The condition is not much better.
31. One kitchen. It's strange that everything is just abandoned like that. Despite the apparent order, the dishes were covered in a layer of dust, and the ceiling behind had already collapsed.
32. Nice pre-revolutionary buffet in the room with a piano.
33. The quality of the shot is not very good, but I’ll post it anyway. Interesting content. Geometry notebook from 1929.
35. I want to finish today’s photo report with this shot.
Such abandoned houses make a very sad and painful impression. It feels like part of our culture is going away. The metropolitan way of life is changing the old established way of life. Is it good or bad? How much progress is needed, and what are we striving for? But these are rather philosophical questions, and everyone will have their own answer. That's enough reasoning for today. Until the next reports!