History of Yakhroma. Yakhroma: attractions, photos, videos, reviews Telephone code of the city of Yakhroma

City (since 1940) of the Dmitrovsky district of the Moscow region, 55 km north of Moscow. The population as of 2008 is 13,070 people.

The name is explained from the Meryan language as “lake river”.

The area has been inhabited for a long time. The first information about it dates back to the 16th century. The territory was located on the border of the ancient camps of Dmitrovsky district - Kamensky and Povelsky, the natural boundary between them was once the high-water Yakhroma River.

The city grew out of a village that developed on Yakhroma around one of the oldest cloth factories in the Moscow region. It was founded by the landowner Ponomarev in the village of Surovtsovo near the village of Andreevskoye in 1841. With the acquisition of the factory by I.A. Lyamin Yakhroma began to transform: a layer of workers was formed, barracks, houses, a parochial school, the Trinity Church, a railway and much more were built.

In 1901, the Yakhroma railway station was opened near the village, after which the village received the same name.

At one time, Yakhroma was visited by major party and government figures - M.I. Kalinin, S.M. Budyonny, N.A. Semashko and others. The city was famous for its athletes and developed physical education movement.

The construction of the Moscow-Volga Canal (since 1947 - the Moscow Canal) was of enormous importance for the development of the village. The territory of the village expanded and the population increased.

On October 7, 1940, by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, the village of Yakhroma was transformed into a city, which included the settlements of Surovtsovo, Pochinki, Bolshie and Malye Semeshki, Peremilovo, Andreevskoye, Podolino, Leonovo, Kovshino.

Yakhroma is the site of fierce battles of the 1st Shock Army of General V.I. Kuznetsova (from 11/28/41 to 12/8/41). Here Lieutenant N. Kharlov accomplished a feat. During the battle, he made his way to a German gun and destroyed its crew with a grenade. Then he opened fire from this gun against German tanks, but was killed. A street in Yakhroma is named after him. During the battle for the City Council building, 15-year-old Kolya Vasiliev made his way into the attic of the building and destroyed 2 enemy machine guns with grenades. Awarded the medal "For Military Merit". There is a monument in the city at the mass graves of soldiers of the 1st Shock Army.

Yakhroma is the largest ski center in the Moscow region. On the outskirts of the city there are the territories of the Yakhroma and Volen sports and entertainment parks, and near the city there are the Stepanovo and Sorochany parks.

Trinity Church in the city center was built according to the design of S.K. Rodionov in 1892–1895. at the expense of the manufacturer I.A. Lyamina. In 1908, according to the project of S.B. Zalessky, a four-tier bell tower was built nearby. Both buildings are close to the era of classicism in their artistic forms.

The Ascension Church was built in the village of S.S. Apraksina Peremilovo designed by Francesco Camporesi in 1792. It combines the features of classicism and pseudo-Gothic in an original way.

Monument to the Soviet soldier on Peremilovskaya Heights (sculptors A. Postol, V. Glebov, N. Lyubimov, architects Y. Krivushchenko, A. Kaminsky, I. Stepanov, opened in December 1966).

Official website of the urban settlement of Yakhroma -

Located on the banks of the Moscow Canal, 55 kilometers from the capital of Russia. The area of ​​the settlement is 17 square kilometers.

General data and historical facts

In 1841, a factory village was founded on the site of the modern city. In 1901, a railway station was built near the settlement, which became the transport hub of the Savelovskaya Railway.

In the 1930s, the Moscow-Volga Canal named after them was laid near the village. Stalin. The construction of this canal was carried out by prisoners from the Moscow region.

In the spring of 1937, the Moscow-Volga canal was completely filled with water. In the fall of 1940, the workers' settlement received city status.

From November to December 1941 the city was under occupation by German forces. In the post-war years, a spinning and weaving factory, three kindergartens, a school for working youth, factory apprenticeships and a swimming pool were rebuilt in Yakhroma.

In the 1960s, the construction of residential buildings and social and administrative facilities actively developed in the settlement. In the 1990s, the Trinity Cathedral and the Volen sports park were opened.

In 2008, landscaping work was carried out in Yakhroma: they cleaned up the children's playground and the central park, installed children's and sports grounds in local areas, and renewed the asphalt surface of most of the city's streets.

Industrial enterprises of the city: CJSC "Yakhroma Bread Factory", LLC "Yakhroma Paper Mill", LLC "Dmitrovsky Scaffolding Plant", LLC PO "Carton and Container Plant", LLC "FES PRODUCT".

The telephone code of Yakhroma is 49622. Postal code is 141840.

Climate and weather

Yakhroma has a temperate continental climate. Winters are moderately cold and long.

Summer is warm and short. The warmest month is July - average temperature is +19 degrees. The coldest month is February - average temperature is -6.5 degrees.

The average annual precipitation is 745 mm.

Total population of Yakhroma for 2018-2019

Population data was obtained from the State Statistics Service. Graph of changes in the number of citizens over the past 10 years.

The total number of residents for 2018 is 14.3 thousand people.

The data from the graph shows a slight increase in population from 13,100 people in 2006 to 14,275 people in 2018.

As of January 2018, Yakhroma ranked 810th out of 1,114 cities in the Russian Federation in terms of the number of residents.

Attractions

1.Trinity Cathedral- this Orthodox complex was built in 1895 with the money of I. A. Lyamin. In 1908, a four-tier bell tower was built near the cathedral.

2.Ascension Church- The Orthodox church was built in 1792. The church is made in the style of classicism and pseudo-gothic.

3.Monument to the Soviet soldier- this monument was erected on Peremilovskaya Heights at the end of 1966. The monument is represented by a sculpture of a Soviet soldier on a high pedestal.

4.Gateway No. 3- this technical structure lowers or raises ships by 8 meters. In the fall of 1941, during the advance of German troops, two gateway towers were destroyed. A year later the structures were restored.

Transport

In Yakhroma there is a railway station of the same name, which connects the city with

Yakhroma is a town near Moscow, located on the river of the same name and the Moscow canal. The name of the city comes from the Finnish word "jahr", which means "lake". Initially, there was a settlement of Finno-Ugric tribes here.

The history of modern Yakhroma begins in 1841, when a cloth factory was built on this territory. A workers' settlement was formed at this factory, which received city status in 1901. During the Second World War, a grandiose battle took place here, during which the city came into the possession of either the Germans or Soviet soldiers. Currently, the city is famous for its ski resorts and historical and religious monuments.

This is the first shrine built in the village of Peremilovo, which is now part of the city of Yakhroma. The church was built in the middle of the 16th century in honor of Archangel Michael. However, in the 40s of the next century, the temple underwent reconstruction and was consecrated in honor of the Ascension of the Lord.

In 1792, when Stepan Apraksin became the owner of the cathedral, the shrine was rebuilt again. Now it has become not wooden, but stone. The temple has the appearance of a four-pillar building with one dome, made in a classical style with pseudo-Gothic elements.

Location: Peremilovskaya street - 93.

The cathedral was built at the end of the 19th century with the money of the manufacturer from Moscow Ivan Artemyevich Lyamin. The construction of the shrine lasted about 3 years, and on the day of its opening, a sumptuous lunch was given to factory workers and local residents.

The temple made an indelible impression on everyone with its size, since it was designed for 4 thousand people, and the fact that, standing on a hill, it towered above all other city buildings. During the Soviet era, the church was closed and turned into a warehouse, and during the Second World War, a hospital was located in its basement. Since the 90s of the last century, the temple has been operating again, and a Sunday school has been opened there.

Location: Konyarova street.

Construction of the church began at the end of the 17th century, however, it was suspended due to the invasion of Napoleon Bonaparte. After the end of the war, the construction of the shrine continued and lasted about 20 years. The church was built in a classical style from stone and brick, on top of which there is plaster.

During Soviet times, the church was looted and its clergy were shot. The temple reopened in the 90s of the last century, restoration work was carried out and is now open to parishioners.

Peremilovskaya Height is the place where during the Great Patriotic War fierce battles between Soviet soldiers and the Nazi invaders took place. In 1966, one of the most significant monuments to a Soviet soldier in the entire Moscow region was erected here.

The thirteen-meter sculpture, made of bronze, depicts the figure of a soldier who rushes to attack. In his left hand, raised above his head, he holds a machine gun. The monument is installed on a pedestal 15 m high. Poems dedicated to the battles in this territory are carved on the pedestal.

It is located on the Moscow Canal and is decorated with pilasters, columns and porticoes. However, the main distinguishing feature of this attraction is its two towers, which were installed in the 30s of the last century.

These towers are topped with Santa Maria caravels made of bright red copper. "Santa Maria" is a ship that belonged to Christopher Columbus himself. During the Second World War the gateway was slightly damaged, however, it was later restored. These caravels are also depicted on the city's coat of arms.

This is a very popular sports and entertainment area in the Moscow region. The park is located in a picturesque area and is decorated in Alpine style. The infrastructure is highly developed here, there are restaurants and a hotel.

In the summer you can go cycling in the park, and in the winter you can go skiing. In addition, there are many modern attractions and a rich leisure program for visitors of all ages.

Thanks to its magnificent nature, the park has popularly acquired the name of Switzerland near Moscow. In the center of the park there is a mountain high 225 m, where 10 ski slopes are open, equipped for visitors with any level of training. There are also modern ski lifts and special elevators for young visitors to the resort. In addition, there is a playground for children. Thanks to modern equipment, snow cover remains here until April.

There are 15 slopes in the park, equipped for both avid skiers and beginners, a school of instructors and equipment rental are open. All paths are illuminated, so you can ride during the day and in the evening.

There are many cafes on the territory, and there are also houses for accommodation. In the summer, you can play golf, basketball, tennis, ride bicycles or ride ATVs here. There are special playgrounds for children.

Yakhroma is a city in the Moscow region, located on the river of the same name and the canal named after. Moscow, administratively part of the Dmitrovsky district.

There is a beautiful legend associated with ancient times, according to which the wife of Prince Yuri Dolgoruky was involved in the appearance of this word. Allegedly, while hunting with her husband, she took a bad step while crossing the river, after which she exclaimed, “I am lame.” However, speaking seriously, the toponym has Finnish roots and translated means “yakhr” - lake.

According to historical information, Finno-Ugric tribes have lived in these places since ancient times. Later in the 16th century, in the area of ​​the city, the border of Kamensky and Povelsky camps passed along the Yakhroma River. The history of modern Yakhroma dates back to the mid-19th century, when a cloth factory was built here in 1841. At first it belonged to the landowner Ponomarev, after whom the production changed owners several times until it was bought by I.A. Lyamin. From then until the October Revolution it belonged to this family. The new owners will make a huge contribution to the development of the local factory, quickly bringing it to the forefront in the country. According to historians, about 1.5 thousand people worked there. It was at the factory that the village appeared, which later became Yakhroma.

The Lyamin dynasty was well known in these places not only as owners of the enterprise, but also as patrons of the arts and benefactors. The founder of the family, Ivan Aleksandrovich, repurposed his own house as a shelter for elderly workers, built the Church of the Holy Trinity for them, and his wife paid for the construction of a prison church and a shelter for the seriously ill. Their son Sergei also distinguished himself by his generosity, sending 5 thousand rubles to a shelter for children who suffered during the tragedy on Khodynka.

In 1860, the settlement received a new name: Pokrovskaya manufactory, given in honor of the Church of the Intercession, located in the neighboring village of Andreevskoye. 20 years later, the Pokrovsk Manufactory Partnership was formed at the factory, which was engaged in the production of calico, molexin and calico from imported Transcaucasian, Iranian and even American cotton. At the end of the 19th century, the village turned into a large textile center, in which a hotel even appeared, which made it possible to begin work on the construction of the railway. In 1901, not far from the village, the Yakhroma station was created, which gave the city its real name.

Under Soviet rule, the village retained its textile specialization and continued to grow rapidly. By 1924, the Yakhroma volost already included 17 villages. Just before the war in 1941, the village acquired the status of a city, which included 9 settlements, the largest of which were:

• Peremilovo;
• Andreevskoe;
• Leonovo;
• Surovtsovo;
• Repairs;

During the Great Patriotic War, the famous Battle of Moscow took place in these places, during which a large-scale battle unfolded on the territory of the city. During the battle it changed hands seven times, but fascist troops still managed to penetrate the city. On the night of November 28, Yakhroma was captured by the enemy. In memory of this, there are two mass graves in the village, where 1,400 soldiers are buried.

But the Germans' stay in Yakhroma was short-lived. The counter-offensive near Moscow that began on December 7 made it possible to clear the city of fascists on the same day and create a springboard for a further attack towards Klin. In memory of the bloody battle, the famous front-line poet S. Gudzenko wrote the following line in his work “The Ballad of the Signalman”: “There was a terrible battle near Yakhroma.”

Nowadays, the factory, which has a history of more than a century, turned out to be unprofitable and was closed. Small industries are located on its squares, which do not at all reflect the historical memory with which these walls are imbued.

Yakhroma- a city (since 1940) in the Dmitrovsky district of the Moscow region of Russia, 55 km north of Moscow, the administrative center of the urban settlement of Yakhroma. The population of the city is 13,768 people. (2015). The city is not homogeneous: the only connecting link between the two parts of Yakhroma (former factory and station villages) is a bridge located away from residential areas.

Story

Church of the Intercession in the village of Andreevskoye, not far from Yakhroma

The name of the river and, accordingly, the city is explained from the extinct Meryan language as “lake river”.

There is, however, another version: “the name of the Yakhroma River, on which Dmitrov is located, was explained in this way: the Grand Duchess, who came to the site of the city of Dmitrov with Prince Vsevolod, allegedly stumbled while getting out of the cart and shouted: “I am lame.” .

The current Yakhroma arose in 1841 as a settlement at a cloth factory - the Pokrovskaya manufactory on the Yakhroma River.

In 1901, the Yakhroma railway station, Savelovskaya railway, was opened near the village. etc., after which the village received the same name. It has city status since October 7, 1940.

Prisoners at canal construction

From 1932 to 1937, construction of the Moscow-Volga Canal took place through these places. Stalin. Creation of the Moscow-Volgostroy and Dmitlag Administration of the OGPU (from 1934 - NKVD). The construction management was located in the Boris and Gleb Monastery in the nearby city of Dmitrov. The construction was carried out by prisoners located in camps along the entire length of the canal.

September 1934 was marked by the completion of work on the 1st experimental kilometer of the canal between Dmitrov and Yakhroma. Eyewitness account:

On April 17, 1937, the entire route of the Moscow-Volga canal was filled with water. July 15 - opening of the first permanent navigation along the canal. The Moscow-Volga Canal was built in 4 years 8 months. The size of Dmitlag's labor army was 700 thousand imprisoned canal army soldiers.

On the night of November 27-28, 1941, Yakhroma was occupied by German troops, but on December 7 it was liberated by the Red Army. Yakhroma is the first city in the USSR that was liberated from the Germans. More details about the military operations of those years can be found in a separate article about Peremilovskaya Heights.

In the 2000-2010s, cottage and dacha construction flourished in Yakhroma.

Attractions

Constructions of lock No. 3 on the Moscow Canal in Yakhroma

• Trinity Church in the center of the city, built according to the design of S.K. Rodionov in 1892-1895 at the expense of the manufacturer I.A. Lyamin. In 1908, according to the design of the architect S. B. Zalessky, a four-tier bell tower was built nearby. Both buildings are close to the era of classicism in their artistic forms.
• Ascension Church was built in the village of S. S. Apraksin Peremilovo, according to the design of Francesco Camporesi, in 1792. It combines in an original way the features of classicism and pseudo-Gothic. During the Great Patriotic War, a firing point was equipped under the dome of the church.
• Monument to the Soviet soldier on Peremilovskaya Heights (sculptors A. Postol, V. Glebov, N. Lyubimov, architects Y. Krivushchenko, A. Kaminsky, I. Stepanov, opened in December 1966).
• Gateway No. 3 on the Moscow Canal.