What was the name of the council of nobles in ancient Athens? Council of the nobility in ancient Greece. What seas is the territory of Greece washed by?
the council of the nobility in Athens was called? and got the best answer
Answer from Condorita[guru]
Areopagus
Areopagus - (ancient Greek Ἄρειος πάγος, literally - Ares Hill), a government body in Ancient Athens, named after the meeting place on Ares Hill near the Acropolis.
It arose in the era of the tribal system as a council of elders. It consisted of life members, replenished from former archons, candidates for which were nominated and elected by the Areopagus. He had broad political, judicial, supervisory and religious powers. The Areopagus was a stronghold of the aristocracy, and later of the oligarchy. The main functions of the Areopagus were monitoring compliance with the laws and trial in cases related to murders. The trial itself was located on the hill of the same name, where, according to legend, the trial of the god Ares took place for shedding the blood of Poseidon's son. Aeschylus puts forward a version according to which the hill is named after the Amazons who set up camp on it during the siege of Athens.
The limitation of the power of the Areopagus began with the development of Athenian slave democracy. The reform of Ephialtes (462 BC) eliminated a significant share of the political power and influence of the Areopagus, retaining, however, the right to oversee the laws and the functions of the court for certain criminal and religious crimes. Until the end of ancient Athens he remained the most authoritative, powerful and judicial authority Athens. In Aeschylus' tragedy "Eumenides", the founder of the Areopagus is Athena.
Source: Wikipedia
Answer from Mikhail Bobreshov[active]
Areopagus.
Ancient Athens - may have been a city of the Phoenicians (aka Finns or Dates), as the Greeks called them, perhaps had another - Slavic name. Phoenicians - Russian Slavs sailing under a purple (hence the name Phoenicians) sail, often fought with the Greeks. Ancient statues in Athens have Slavic faces. That is, a renaming occurred.
Answer from 3 answers[guru]
Hello! Here is a selection of topics with answers to your question: what was the council of the nobility in Athens called?
a) city-state in Ancient Greece
b) a city in Ancient Greece
c) the name of the city government
2. What was the name of the Council of Nobles in Athens?
A) Areopagus
3. What were the common people called in Greek?
4. Nine rulers of Athens, elected annually by lot:
a) strategists
b) archons
c) People's Assembly
5. Who in the Athenian state paid a tax for the right to live in this policy?
B) citizens of Athens
B) merchant settlers
6. Hill in Athens, where the main temples of the city were located:
a) Acropolis
c) Academy
7. What seas is the territory of Greece washed by?
A) Ionian and Aegean
B) Red and Yellow seas
B) Baltic and North seas
8. Triremes are:
a) money in Greece
b) warships with three rows of oars
c) council of the nobility
9. A strategist is called:
a) battle line
b) military leader
c) policy manager
10. The Council of Elders existed in:
a) Athens
b) Sparta
c) Plataea
Test "Ancient Greece".
Option 2.
Where is Sparta?
A) in the valley of the Euphrotes River in Laconia
B) in northern Greece
B) on about. Sicily
2. What traders exported from Greece to the colonies and other countries:
b) Hesiod
4. What were the common people called in Greek?
5. Where were the Olympic Games held?
A) on Mount Olympus
B) in Olympia
B) in Athens
6. Which city in Ancient Greece was ruled by two kings?
A) in Sparta
B) in Athens
B) in Thebes
7. How often were the Olympic Games held in Ancient Greece?
A) once every four years
B) once every ten years
B) every year
8. The Persian king who made the first attempt to conquer Greece in 490 BC:
a) Xerxes
b) Darius the First
9. God of thunder and lightning, king of gods and people:
c) Apollo
10. What feat did Theseus accomplish?
A) got three golden apples from a country at the end of the world
B) cleared the stables of King Augeas in one day
B) killed the Minotaur
Test "Ancient Greece".
Option 3.
Where is Greece?
a) in the southern part of the Balkan Peninsula
b) in the western part of Asia
c) In eastern Africa
2. King of the city of Troy:
a) Hector
3.Where is Athens?
A) in Attica
B) in northern Greece
B) on about. Greece
4. What happened in 490 BC? e.?
a) Battle of Marathon
b) the capture of Troy by the Greeks
c) the collapse of the power of Alexander the Great
5. What was the name of the Council of Nobles in Athens?
A) Areopagus
6. What did the Spartans do?
A) craft
B) military affairs
B) agriculture
7. What did traders bring to Greece from the colonies and other countries?
B) olive oil
B) wheat
8. Who were called citizens in the Athenian polis?
A) native Athenians, whose both parents were citizens
B) only those people who traded
C) people who have continuously lived in the policy for 10 years
9. What did the merchant pay for the right to trade in the trading port of Piraeus?
B) duty
10. What does the Greek word “democracy” mean?
a) the power of the people
b) the power of the nobility
c) the power of a tyrant
11. Match the name of the figure and his contribution to the history of Greece:
Final test for the section “Ancient Greece” Option 1
1. Is the following statement true?
An important source of information about the ancient history of Greece is myths.
1) true 2) false
2. Themistocles was a contemporary of: 1) Solon 2) Miltiades 3) Demosthenes
3. Find and indicate the extra participants from the heroes of the Trojan War:
1) Achilles 2) Hector 3) Pericles 4) Agamemnon
4. Place the following events in chronological order. A) the rise of Mycenae B) the Battle of Plataea
B) the flourishing of democracy in Athens D) the laws of Solon
D) the Macedonian conquest of Persia
5. Establish a correspondence between the concepts and their meanings, write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters
MEANING
A) triremes
1) clay vessels with two handles for storing wine and oil
B) archons
2) Greek warships
B) amphoras
3) state slaves in Sparta
4) elected rulers in Athens during the time of Solon
6. Educational establishments in Athens is (continue the list)
1) school 2)_______ 3)_____________
7. Agora, Ceramics, Acropolis - this is
1) famous monuments in Athens 2) districts of Athens 3) monuments in Sparta
8. . Match the name of the figure and his contribution to the history of Greece by drawing arrows
B) Miltiades
D) Xerxes
5) king of the Persian state
9. Read the text and indicate the information under the numbers that is incorrect
Solon carried out very important changes. He demolished the debt stones, abolished debt slavery, and returned freedom to debtor slaves. He established that all residents of Athens could be elected judges, regardless of their origin and property status.
1) in fact, Solon, having prohibited enslavement for debts, did not give freedom to those debtors who became slaves earlier
2) in fact, Solon established that only Athenians who owned certain property could be elected judges
3) in fact, Solon established that all citizens of Athens could be elected judges
10. Read the text and fill in the blanks the right words . Greek history and myths have enriched our speech with many beautiful expressions. We call:
cruel laws - _____________________________________
vulnerable spot - _____________________________________________
guiding thread -_________________________________________.
12. Indicate the names of the Greek gods you know in the picture.
Final test for the section “Ancient Greece” Option 2
1.Is the following statement true?
The ancient history of Greece is reflected in the myths about Theseus and the Minotaur, Daedalus and Icarus, and the Trojan War. 1) true 2) false
2. Pericles was a contemporary of: 1) Themistocles 2) Herodotus 3) Diogenes
3. Participants and heroes of Homer’s poem “Odyssey”
1) Polyphemus 2) Penelope 3) Sophocles 4) Alcinous 5) Nausicaä
Find and enter the item number, superfluous in this list.
4. Place the following events in chronological order I.
A) the first Olympic Games B) the Battle of Marathon
B) the introduction of fees for the performance of elected positions in Athens
D) abolition of debt slavery in Athens D) Battle of Gaugamela
5. Establish a correspondence between concepts and their meanings. Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letter.
MEANING CONCEPT
1) battle formation of the Greeks and Macedonians
2) a large clay vessel for storing grain
3) council of nobility in Athens
4) independent states,
founded by Greeks along the coast
Mediterranean and Black Seas
B) colonies
B) phalanx
D) Areopagus
6. The theater building included (continue the list)
1) seats for spectators 2)_________ 3)_______________
7. Judge, Tax Collector, Market Warden
1) these are officials in Athens, appointed by the strategos
2) these are officials in Athens, elected by lot
3) these are officials in Athens elected by the People's Assembly
8 . Match the name of the figure and his contribution to the history of Greece by drawing arrows
2) created laws that laid the foundation for democracy in Athens
B) Miltiades
3) God of thunder and lightning, king of gods and people
D) Xerxes
4) Strategist who led the Battle of Marathon
5) king of the Persian state
9.Read the text and indicate the information under the numbers that is incorrect
The people's assembly in Athens during the reign of Pericles had the highest power. It elected the first strategist, declared war, approved peace treaties, adopted laws, and managed the treasury. Decisions were made by show of hands.
1) in fact, the first strategist had the highest power in Athens
2) in fact, the right to declare war and conclude peace treaties belonged to the first strategist
3) in fact, the first strategist was elected by show of hands; on other issues, decisions were made by presenting white and black stones
10. Read the text and fill in the necessary words in place of the gaps.
Greek history and myths have enriched our speech with many beautiful expressions.
We call:
The largest sports competitions are _________________________________,
A secret gift, with the aim of destroying_____________________________________________, being simultaneously exposed to danger from different sides______________________________
12. Indicate the names of Greek gods known to you.
“Victory of the Greeks in the Battle of Marathon” - The edges of the Greek army. Greek phalanx. Phalanx strike. Athens. Marathon battle. Victory of the Greeks over the Persians in the Battle of Marathon. Greeks. What helped the Greeks win. Victory. Miltiades. The Greeks wavered and began to retreat. Persian camp. Victory of the Greeks over the Persians. Persians. The feat of a messenger. Persian army.
"Ancient Greece" - Ancient Hellas: political history. 1. Antiquity. 2. Stages of the history of Ancient Greece. Classical slavery (Athens - foreigners, Sparta - helots). P. 52 - highlight the features of antiquity Period III millennium BC. – V century AD Mediterranean civilizations (Greece, Rome) Communication private property and civil status The civil community is the basis of the policy Richest culture The foundation of modern European civilization.
"Nature of Ancient Greece" - Lesson Plan. O. Crete. Ancient Greece. Greece is a small country, but the ancient Greeks created a high culture. Geographical position Ancient Greece 2. Natural conditions Greece. 3. Occupations of the inhabitants of Ancient Greece. 4. Ancient Crete. 5. The myth of Theseus and the Minotaur. Ancient Greek poet Homer, “Odyssey.” The wise Minos reigned in him for nine years...
"The Great Greek Colonization" - Ship. Eviction outside Greece. Greek colonization. Time. Construction of new large ships. Consequences of the Great Colonization. Causes. Trier. Shipbuilding techniques. Great Greek Colonization.
"Ancient Sparta" - What types of sports activities are depicted here? Helots. Location. Developed decisions for the people's assembly. Spartans (Spartiates). Possessed all rights. Perieki. What are the elements of the weapons of a Spartan warrior? Army of the Spartans. Gymnastics and military exercises are the main activities of the Spartans.
“Invasion of Persian troops on Hellas” - Preparing the Greeks for war with the Persians. Maliako Bay. Lesson assignment. Greek ships. Part of the army. Battle of Thermopylae. Persian invasion of Hellas. Xerxes. Preparing the Greeks for war. Themistocles. Greeks. Gorge. Invasion of Persian troops into Hellas. Persian galleys. Thermopylae. Army withdrawal. Battle of Salamis.
There are a total of 33 presentations in the topic
Option 1.
Part A.
A1.What is called a policy?
B) a city in Ancient Greece
A2. What was the name of the Council of Nobles in Athens?
A) areopagus B) demos C) polis
A3. What were the common people called in Greek?
A) helots B) demos C) polis
A4. The nine rulers of Athens, elected annually by lot:
A) strategists B) archons C) People's Assembly
A5. Who in the Athenian state paid tax for the right to live in this polis?
A) slaves B) citizens of Athens C) merchant settlers
A6. Hill in Athens where the main temples of the city were located:
A) Acropolis B) Agora C) Academy
A7. The three brothers of God divided power over the world among themselves. Which of them dominated the sea?
A) Hades B) Zeus C) Poseidon
A8. Triers are:
A) money in Greece
B) council of the nobility
A9.Find the FALSE statement:
A10. The passage between the mountains and the sea, where 300 Spartans accomplished the feat, is called:
A) Marathon B) Salamis C) Thermopylae
A11. On the slopes of the mountains the ancient Greeks grew:
A) grapes and olives; B) dates and figs; B) wheat and barley.
A
A) Greeks; B) Hellenes; B) Thracians.
A13 . Which goddess was called “warrior”:
A) Aphrodite; B) Athena; B) Hera;
A14 . A person who can deliver speeches beautifully and convincingly:
A) strategist B) Spartan C) speaker
A15. An island near Alexandria, on which a huge lighthouse was erected:
A) Pharos B) Crete C) Fera
Part B.
A) Solon
B) Homer
B) Miltiades
D) Xerxes
D) Zeus
5) king of the Persian state
E) Phidias
Test "Ancient Greece".
Option 2.
Part A.
A) Homer B) Hesiod C) Aeschylus
A2. Where were the Olympic Games held?
A) on Mount Olympus B) in Olympia C) in Athens
A3. Persian king who made the first attempt to conquer Greece in 490 BC:
A) Xerxes B) Darius the First C) Cyrus
A4. The three brothers of God divided power over the world among themselves. Which of them dominated the underworld?
A) Hades B) Zeus C) Poseidon
A5. Who were called citizens in the Athenian polis?
A6. What did the Spartans do?
A) crafts B) military affairs C) agriculture
A7. What did traders export from Greece to other countries?
A) slaves B) wheat C) olive oil
A8. How often were the Olympic Games held in Ancient Greece?
A) once every four years B) once every ten years C) every year
A9.What does the Greek word “democracy” mean?
A) the power of the people B) the power of the nobility C) the power of the king
A1 0. What was the name of the ancient Greek goddess of love and beauty:
A) Artemis; B) Athena; B) Aphrodite
A1 1. The area of pottery workshops in Athens was called:
A) agora; B) ceramics C) acropolis
A 12. Palaestra is:
B) place of training;
B) school for gymnastics;
A
A) a cup made of pure gold
B) wreath of olive branches
A
actors and choir performed:
A) tragedy B) skene C) orchestra
A
Macedonian?
A) Darius the First B) Xerxes C) Darius the Third
Part B.
Q1. Match:
A) Heroes of myths 1. Dionysus
2. Themistocles
4. Aristotle
B) Gods 5. Achilles
6. Hephaestus
AT 2. What event is shown in the picture? Describe it.
AT 3. Find the correct statements:
pithos;
Test on the topic “Ancient Greece”(Option for teacher)
Option 1.
Part A.
What is a policy called?
A) city-state in Ancient Greece
B) a city in Ancient Greece
B) the name of the city government
2. What was the name of the Council of Nobles in Athens?
A) Areopagus B) demos C) polis
3. What were the common people called in Greek?
A) helots B) demos B) policy
4. Nine rulers of Athens, elected annually by lot:
A) strategists B) archons B) People's Assembly
5. Who in the Athenian state paid a tax for the right to live in this policy?
A) slaves B) citizens of Athens B) merchant settlers
6. Hill in Athens, where the main temples of the city were located:
A) Acropolis B) Agora C) Academy
7. The three brothers of God divided power over the world among themselves. Which of them dominated the sea?
A) Hades B) Zeus B) Poseidon
8. Triremes are:
A) money in Greece
B) warships with three rows of oars
B) council of the nobility
9.Find the FALSE statement:
A) The first Olympic Games took place in 776 BC.
B) During the Battle of Marathon in 490, the Greeks were commanded by the strategist Miltiades.
B) Sparta was very beautiful city with many theaters and museums.
10. The passage between the mountains and the sea, where 300 Spartans accomplished the feat, is called:
A) Marathon B) Salamis B) Thermopylae
11. On the slopes of the mountains, the ancient Greeks grew:
A) grapes and olives; B) dates and figs; B) wheat and barley.
12. What did the inhabitants of ancient Greece call themselves:
A) Greeks; B) Hellenes; B) Thracians.
13. Which goddess was called “warrior”:
A) Aphrodite; B) Athena; B) Hera;
14. A person who knows how to deliver speeches beautifully and convincingly:
A) strategist B) Spartan B) speaker
15. An island near Alexandria, on which a huge lighthouse was erected:
A) Pharos B) Crete C) Fera
Part B.
Q1. Match the name of the figure and his contribution to the history of Greece:
A) Solon
B) Homer
2) created laws that laid the foundation for democracy in Athens
B) Miltiades
3) God of thunder and lightning, king of gods and people
D) Xerxes
4) Strategist who led the Battle of Marathon
D) Zeus
5) king of the Persian state
E) Phidias
Answer: A-2, B-1, C-4, D-5, D-3, E-6
AT 2. What event is shown in the picture? Describe it.
AT 3. Find the correct statements:
A) Alexander the Great’s father’s name was Philip;
B) Trojan War began because debt slavery was abolished;
C) The Olympic Games in Ancient Greece lasted two weeks;
D) In the Thermopylae Gorge in 480 BC. the Greeks were commanded by the Spartan king Leonidas;
E) From everywhere in Athens the Acropolis was visible - a hill with steep and steep slopes;
E) Alexandria of Egypt was built up spontaneously. Its streets were short, winding and very dirty.
Test "Ancient Greece".
Option 2.
Part A.
A) Homer B) Hesiod C) Aeschylus
2. Where were the Olympic Games held?
A) on Mount Olympus B) in Olympia B) in Athens
3. The Persian king who made the first attempt to conquer Greece in 490 BC:
A) Xerxes B) Darius the First B) Cyrus
4. The three brothers of God divided power over the world among themselves. Which of them dominated the underworld?
A) Hades B) Zeus C) Poseidon
5. Who were called citizens in the Athenian polis?
A) native Athenians, whose both parents were citizens
B) only those people who traded
C) people who have continuously lived in the policy for 10 years
6. What did the Spartans do?
A) craft B) military affairs B) agriculture
7. What did traders export from Greece to other countries?
A) slaves B) wheat B) olive oil
8. How often were the Olympic Games held in Ancient Greece?
A) once every four years B) once every ten years C) every year
9.What does the Greek word “democracy” mean?
A) power of the people B) the power of the nobility C) the power of the king
10. What was the name of the ancient Greek goddess of love and beauty:
A) Artemis; B) Athena; B) Aphrodite
11. The area of pottery workshops in Athens was called:
A) agora; B) ceramics B) acropolis
12. Palaestra is:
A) a venue for theatrical performances;
B) place of training;
B) school for gymnastics;
13. The winners on the last day of the Olympic Games received as a reward:
A) a cup made of pure gold
B) wreath of olive branches
B) a wallet with silver coins
14. A round or semicircular platform in a Greek theater, on which
actors and choir performed:
A) tragedy B) skene B) orchestra
15. The name of the Persian king, whose troops were defeated by Alexander
Macedonian?
A) Darius the First B) Xerxes B) Darius the Third
Part B.
Q1. Match:
A) Heroes of myths 1. Dionysus
2. Themistocles
B) Historical figures 3. Theseus
4. Aristotle
B) Gods 5. Achilles
6. Hephaestus
Answer: A-3, 5; B-2, 4; V-1, 6
AT 2. What event is shown in the picture? Describe it.
AT 3. Find the correct statements:
A) The metal or bone stick used to write on wax tablets was called pithos;
B) The sculptor, creator of the famous statue “Discobolus” is Miron;
B) At the Battle of Salamis in 480 BC. the Greeks defeated the Persians and defended their independence;
D) The main port of the Athenian state in the 5th century BC. there was a city of Alexandria;
D) All roles in Greek theaters were performed only by men;
E) Alexander the Great lived a long life and died of natural causes at the age of 75.
What does the history of religions teach us? That they fanned the flames of intolerance everywhere, strewn the plains with corpses, watered the earth with blood, burned cities, devastated states; but they never made people better.
From the Dark Ages - a period of decline that began in the 11th-9th centuries. BC e. - Hellas brought out the seeds of a new government system. From the first kingdoms there remained a scattering of villages that fed the nearest city - the center of public life, a market and a refuge during the war. Together they constituted a city-state (“polis”). The largest policies were Athens, Sparta, Corinth and Thebes.
Rebirth from darkness
During the Dark Ages, Greek settlements spread from the southern part of the Balkan Peninsula to west coast Asia Minor (present-day territory of Turkey), covering the islands of the Aegean Sea. By the beginning of the 8th century BC. e. the Greeks began to restore trade relations with other nations, exporting olive oil, wine, pottery and metal products. Thanks to the recent invention of the alphabet by the Phoenicians, writing, lost during the Dark Ages, began to be revived. However, the established peace and prosperity led to a sharp increase in the population, and it became increasingly difficult to feed it due to the limited agricultural base.
Trying to solve this problem, the Greeks sent entire parties of their citizens to develop new lands and found new colonies capable of supporting themselves. Many Greek colonies settled in southern Italy and Sicily, so this entire territory began to be called “Greater Greece”. Over two centuries, the Greeks built many cities around the Mediterranean and even on the Black Sea coast.
The process of colonization was accompanied by drastic changes in the policies. The monarchy gave way to aristocracy, that is, the rule of the most noble landowners. But with the expansion of trade and the introduction of metallic money into circulation around 600 BC. e. Following the example of the neighboring kingdom of Lydia in the south of Asia Minor, their positions noticeably weakened.
In the 6th century BC. e. Conflicts constantly arose in the policies, and tyrants often came to power. “Tyrant” is a Greek word, like “aristocracy,” but the ancient Greeks did not mean that the regime of a tyrant was cruel and anti-people, but meant that a person forcibly seized power, but could at the same time be a reformer.
Despite the reforms of the famous legislator Solon, power in Athens was seized by the tyrant Peisistratus. But after the expulsion of Pisistratus' successor Hippias from Athens in 510 BC. e. A democratic constitution was adopted. Council of the nobility in ancient Greece. This is another word of Greek origin, which means the rule of the demos, that is, the people. Greek democracy was limited because women and slaves did not have the right to vote. But due to the small size of cities, citizens could not depend on their elected representatives, since they took a direct part in determining laws and discussing particularly important decisions at public assemblies.
In the 5th century BC. e. in many cities conflicts broke out between democratic and oligarchic parties. Supporters of oligarchy believed that power in society should belong to the wealthiest citizens.
Athens and Sparta
If Athens can be called a stronghold of democracy, then Sparta was rightly considered the center of an oligarchy. Sparta was distinguished by a number of other features.
In most Greek states the percentage of slaves to free citizens was quite low, while the Spartiates lived as the "master race" surrounded by a superior number of potentially dangerous helot slaves. To maintain their dominance, the entire people of Sparta were turned into a warrior caste, who were trained from early childhood to endure pain and live in barracks conditions.
Although the Greeks were ardent patriots of their cities, they recognized that they were one people - the Hellenes. They were united by the poetry of Homer, belief in the almighty Zeus and other Olympic gods, and the cult of developing mental and physical abilities, the expression of which was the Olympic Games. In addition, the Greeks, who respected the rule of law, felt that they were different from other peoples, whom they indiscriminately dubbed “barbarians.” Both in democracy and in oligarchic policies, everyone had legal rights, and a citizen could not be deprived of his life at the whim of the emperor - unlike, for example, the Persians, whom the Greeks considered barbarians.
However, the Persian expansion, which began in the 6th century BC. e. and directed against peoples Ancient Greece and Asia Minor seemed inevitable. However, the Persians were not particularly interested in the lands of the Greeks - poor and remote on the other side of the Aegean Sea, until Athens supported the Asian Greeks who rebelled against Persian rule. The uprising was suppressed, and in 490 BC. The Persian king Darius sent troops to take revenge on Athens. However, the Athenians won a landslide victory at the Battle of Marathon, 42 km from Athens. In memory of the feat of the messenger, who ran the entire distance without stopping in order to quickly convey the joyful news, a marathon is included in the program of the Olympic Games.
Ten years later, Darius' son and successor Xerxes launched a much more massive attack. He ordered his ships to be lined up in a row, forming a bridge across the Hellespont Strait, dividing Asia Minor and Europe (the current Dardanelles), through which his huge army passed. In the face of a common threat, Greek cities were forced to unite. Council of the nobility in ancient Greece. Xerxes' army came from the north, and the Greeks, who gathered troops from different cities, accomplished a real feat by putting a barrier in the way of the Persians. King Leonidas and his 300 Spartans gave their lives trying to hold the narrow Thermopylae Gorge for as long as possible.
Unfortunately, the death of the Spartans was in vain, since Ancient Greece nevertheless fell under the onslaught of the enemy. The inhabitants of Athens were evacuated, and the invaders burned all the temples on the Acropolis. Although the year before the war, the Athenian leader Themistocles seriously strengthened the fleet, in terms of the number of ships it was hopelessly inferior to the superior forces of the Persians and the Phoenicians they conquered. But Themistocles managed to drive the Persian armada into the narrow Strait of Salamis, where it was deprived of the ability to maneuver. This caused panic among the Persians and allowed the Greeks to completely defeat the enemy fleet.
Decisive battle
Since Sparta effectively withdrew from the liberation struggle, Athens became the undisputed leader in Ancient Greece. In 478 BC. e. The Delian League was concluded, allowing Athens and its allies to pool their resources and continue the war. However, the union soon turned into a weapon of political radicalism. The Allies were obliged to introduce democratic forms of government in their states on the model of Athens and finance the maintenance of an ever-increasing fleet for the needs of common defense. After the end of the war with the Persians in 449 BC. e. the union was preserved, and all attempts to leave it were severely suppressed.
Classic Athens
5th century BC e. considered the great age of classicism of Greek civilization, which is primarily identified with Athens. But both before and after this period there are others greek city policies made a very significant contribution to Greek culture, giving the world many masterpieces of poetry, ceramics and sculpture, as well as the first philosophers who tried to explain the universe from the perspective of physics, and not through magic and miracles.
And yet the main achievements of human thought and art are associated with Athens. Among the temples rebuilt on the Acropolis, the most famous is the Parthenon with its perfect proportions and excellent stucco decorations. The world's first dramatic works arose from Athenian rituals in honor of the god Dionysus. Athenian philosophers, including the famous Socrates and Plato, were the first to deeply analyze issues of morality and political ideals. In addition, Athens was the birthplace of Herodotus of Halicarnassus, the first true historian (that is, a scholar engaged in critical research rather than simply retelling fables and rumors).
An equally outstanding historian was Thucydides, who was not only the military leader of the Athenian army, but also the chronicler of the great Peloponnesian War of 431-404 BC. Concerned about the growing power of Athens, the Spartiates founded the Peloponnesian League, which included representatives of the large Peloponnesian Peninsula in the south of the mainland of Ancient Greece. The first clashes between the two alliances were indecisive, and it seemed that this situation would continue for a long time. However, after a plague broke out in Athens, claiming the life of the leader of the Athenians, Pericles, Sparta won this confrontation. But although the Spartans controlled the area around Athens (Attica), the city itself remained impregnable to them, since the famous Long Walls surrounding the city cut off the approaches to the port of Piraeus, from where supplies were delivered to Athens. Council of the nobility in ancient Greece. Thus, Athens' dominance at sea was maintained.
Defeated winners
After a seven-year truce, war broke out again when the Athenian army, which had besieged the powerful Greek city in Sicily of Syracuse, was itself surrounded, and the entire expeditionary force was completely destroyed. The Spartans closed Athens in a tight blockade ring. The Athenian fleet was defeated in the battle of Aegospotami. In 404 BC. e. the starving city was forced to surrender.
Sparta and Thebes
Sparta's dominance also did not last long; it was opposed by the unification of Athens, Corinth and Thebes. In 371 BC. e. The Thebans, led by Epaminondas, inflicted a crushing defeat on Sparta at the Battle of Lovktra.
The superiority of Thebes turned out to be even more fleeting, and Greece entered the second half of the 4th century more divided than ever. Compared to other states, Macedonia, located in northern Greece, remained an underdeveloped outskirts, but it was ruled by the talented king Philip II of Macedon and had a well-trained army. In 338 BC. e. In the battle of Chaeronea, the Macedonian army completely defeated the combined army of the Athenians and Thebans. In Ancient Greece, a single ruler appeared. A new era was beginning.
Even if there is no benefit for a person to lie, this does not mean that he is telling the truth: they simply lie for the sake of lying.