Download presentation surface of the Primorsky region. Class hour “Native Primorye” Municipal government educational institution “Secondary school with in-depth study of individual. The role of settlers in the creation of toponyms in Primorsky
Primorsky Krai appeared on the map of our country as an independent administrative-territorial entity on October 20, 1938. The Far Eastern region was divided into two regions - Primorsky and Khabarovsk. The very name of our region reflects the most important feature of its geographical location. Primorsky Krai appeared on the map of our country as an independent administrative-territorial entity on October 20, 1938. The Far Eastern region was divided into two regions - Primorsky and Khabarovsk. The very name of our region reflects the most important feature of its geographical location.
The distance from Moscow to Vladivostok is 9302 km. The Primorsky Territory is larger in area than some European countries (Greece, Bulgaria, Iceland, Belgium, the Netherlands, Switzerland) In addition to the mainland of Eurasia, the Primorsky Territory includes numerous islands of the Peter the Great Gulf: Russian, Popova, Askold, Putyatin , Petrov, Rimsky-Korsakov.
Geographical location, mild climate, warm sea, the presence of many relict species of plants and animals, exotic objects, numerous historical and ancient cultural monuments make this region attractive to Russian and foreign tourists. Geographical location, mild climate, warm sea, the presence of many relict species of plants and animals, exotic objects, numerous historical and ancient cultural monuments make this region attractive to Russian and foreign tourists.
You, who love nature The twilight of the forest, the whisper of leaves In the brilliance of a sunny valley, Stormy downpour and blizzards, And swift rivers In the inaccessible wilds of the forest, And in the mountains the peals of thunder, Which are heard like the flapping of an eagle's heavy wings, I brought you these sagas, this song about Primorye!
The flora of Primorye includes 3000 species of plants (trees, shrubs, herbs). A number of relict plants, more than 60 endemics, and more than 150 rare and endangered species have been preserved here. These are Amur velvet, euonymus, aralia, cedar, Manchurian walnut, eleutherococcus. More than 2/3 of the territory is occupied by the famous Ussuri taiga.
SONG ABOUT THE LIFE OF A TIGER. I brought these songs, these fairy tales from distant hills, From forests that smelled of pine needles, From forests that smelled of pine needles, From swamps and icy rivers... In a dark lair under a steep slope, two tiger cubs lived secretly, only the mother tigress knew how to find the way to the children Here, in a bend through a hill, Under a steep river cliff, a tiger noticed a man.... What does a man need here? He told tales and legends about the ruler of the dark jungle... He wanted to know and see the Tiger in the mirrored lair.
The flora and fauna of the Sea of Japan is rich. The flora and fauna of the Sea of Japan is rich in species. In terms of fish species diversity, the Sea of Japan ranks first among the seas of Russia. There are 872 species here, of which 179 are commercial species. There are up to 100 species of fish in lakes and rivers. In terms of fish diversity, the Sea of Japan ranks first among the seas of Russia. There are 872 species here, of which 179 are commercial species. There are up to 100 species of fish in lakes and rivers.
QUIZ QUIZ 1. Which city is the administrative center of Primorsky Krai? 2 2. How many cities are there in Primorsky Krai? (l2) 1. Which city is the administrative center of Primorsky Krai? 2 2. How many cities are there in Primorye? (l2) 3. What is the name of the taiga of Primorye? 3. What is the name of the taiga of Primorye? 4. How many nature reserves are there in Primorye?(6) 4. How many nature reserves are there in Primorye?(6) 5. List the northern animals of Primorye. 6. List the southern animals of Primorye 5. List the northern animals of Primorye. 6. List the southern animals of Primorsky Krai 7. What animal is depicted on the coat of arms of Primorsky Krai? 7. What animal is depicted on the coat of arms of the Primorsky Territory? 8. Every August there is a holiday dedicated to a flower. What is the name of this flower? (lotus) 8. Every August there is a holiday dedicated to the flower. What is the name of this flower? (lotus) 9. A medicinal plant grows in Primorye, listed in the Red Book, called its “root of life” What kind of plant is this? 9. A medicinal plant grows in Primorye, listed in the Red Book; it is called the “root of life.” What kind of plant is this? – coat of arms of the Primorsky Territory - tiger - map of Primorye - photographs
The editors of PrimaMedia City, together with the team of the Primorsky tourist portal PrimDiscovery, have compiled the Top 10 tourist places in the Primorsky Territory that simply need to be visited in order to get an idea of the amazing beauty of the region.
Participants of the PrimDiscovery project Alexander Khitrov and Daria Chervova time after time open Primorye for their readers, talk about amazing places, interesting people and their stories.
1. Route "Arsenyev's Trail"
A new ecological and educational route in the Sikhote-Alin Nature Reserve.
The route "Arsenyev's Trail" repeats the section of the path of the traveler, ethnographer and writer Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev during the 1906 expedition.
A group of 3-4 people, accompanied by an inspector, walks 56 kilometers through the very heart of Sikhote-Alin for five days, completely immersing itself in the amazing history of this place.
Five thematic huts on the trail are dedicated to the works of Vladimir Arsenyev. At the end of last year, PrimDiscovery even talked about his hike along the Arsenyev trail.
The trail is accessible to tourists from August to October.
2. Bikin National Park
The new national park of Primorye - one of the main habitats of the Amur tiger - is located on the western macroslope of the Sikhote-Alin ridge in the Pozharsky district - the only large basin where large-scale logging has never taken place.
Here, a guest of the park gets acquainted with the traditions and culture of the local residents - the Udege, and travels through the remote, often impenetrable taiga.
A multi-day boat trip along the “seaside Amazon”, the Bikin River, is an unforgettable adventure. And in the village of Krasny Yar you can see the life of the Udege people, try their national dishes and learn more about the customs of the indigenous population.
The best time to visit the national park is golden autumn.
3. Village of Dersu, settlement of Old Believers
Dersu (until 1972 Laulyu) is a village in the Krasnoarmeysky district of Primorsky Krai located on the right bank of the Bolshaya Ussurka River.
The settlement of the Old Believers seems something exotic; their traditions and way of life always arouse interest.
Tourists not only from all over Primorye, but also from all over the world come to Dersa to get acquainted with the culture of immigrants from Bolivia, who exchanged the benefits of civilization for beliefs and faith. Not far from the village there is a small hotel ready to receive guests.
It is most colorful here in the warm season.
4. Limestone Mountain (Height-611)
Primorye residents love to go to the mountains, but as a rule, these are two or three of the most well-trodden peaks, suffocating from the attention of tourists. But there are other worthy options. For example, Mount Izvestkovaya in Dalnegorsk. People often call it Height-611 (in accordance with the height of the mountain).
This place is interesting in history and legends - ufologists around the world have heard a lot about the mysterious catastrophe - the “UFO crash” on Height 611 in January 1986. From the top of the mountain there is a magnificent view of Dalnegorsk, abandoned quarries and the valley of the Rudnaya River.
It is best to conquer the peak in autumn; the ascent takes less than an hour.
5. Lake Blagodatnoe
The ecological trail of the Sikhote-Alin Nature Reserve partially runs along the shore of Lake Blagodatnoye and is named in its honor. The trail is a landscaped route with wooden decking, signs and observation platforms.
In the summer, lush thickets of flowering rose hips are fragrant here, insects chirp and buzz, swans and grebes swim in flocks on the surface of the lake, graceful herons stand to the side, nuthatches and buntings flutter around.
Sometimes traces of a bear and a tiger are visible on the trail, but tourists have nothing to worry about - the group is always accompanied by an experienced reserve employee with a flare and knowledge of safety precautions.
6. Milogradovka River
The river flows through the Call of the Tiger National Park, in one of its most beautiful places.
Carved rocks and ledges, crystal water rushing along cascades and rifts - all this makes Milogradovka a “seaside Yellowstone”.
A significant part of the river flows in a canyon formed by rocky outcrops up to 50 m high. The rocks have a bluish and pink color, which is why Blue (upstream) and Pink rapids were formed in the river.
On the river there is the Divny waterfall - the largest waterfall in the Primorsky Territory in terms of water flow. On the tributaries of the river there are at least 10 waterfalls, including the highest in the Primorsky Territory, the Podnebesny waterfall (which is a cascade of three waterfalls with a total height of 59 meters).
The most beautiful thing in these places is at the beginning of summer, when the snow melts from the Sikhote-Alin ridges and fills the mountain rivers with water.
7. Waterfall "Star of Primorye"
At the beginning of summer, it is best to go and see the Star of Primorye waterfall in the Lazovsky district. "Zvezda" is part of a cascade of several Benevsky (or Elomovsky) waterfalls ranging from 1 to 5 m in height.
The path to it lies along a path along the murmuring cascades - you need to walk about 8 km.
At the end of the path, at the foot of Mount Bald, a tourist will be able to see the “Star of Primorye”: an 18-meter handsome man who noisily falls on the stones.
There is a convenient camping spot nearby where you can camp overnight with a tent.
8. Furugelm Island
The south of Primorsky Krai is famous for its beaches and natural beauty. Furugelma Island is the southernmost island in Primorye. On a small (only the size 1.5 by 2.5 kilometers) the island is beautiful, like in the tropics - transparent turquoise sea, white sand, lush greenery.
It is best to get to Furugelma in August - as part of an excursion.
The island is located on the territory of the Far Eastern Marine Reserve and is famous for its history (an animal farm where in the last century they wanted to breed blue foxes, the construction of a 130-mm battery of the Khasan sector of the Coastal Defense, which in 1945 took part in hostilities against Japan), bird markets and a colony black-tailed gulls.
Vladivostok railway station.
The longest railway route connecting Vladivostok and Moscow ends here - 9288 km. The laying of the railway and station took place on May 19, 1891, with the participation of the future Emperor Nicholas 2. In 1894, according to the design of the architect Bazilevsky, a small one-story building was built, but the building could not accommodate the increased number of passengers. And on February 5, 1912, a new station was opened according to the design of N.V. Konovalova.
Funicular.
Built in 1963, restored and modernized in 2005. The length of the line is 250 meters, the lifting height is 70 meters. Open from 7 a.m. to 8 p.m. At the top of the funicular, a staircase leads up to an observation deck overlooking the central part of the city and the Golden Horn Bay. From here, Cape Egersheld on the Shkota Peninsula is also clearly visible on the right hand, and Cape Churkin on the Goldobina Peninsula on the left. Behind Cape Churkin is the Eastern Bosphorus Strait, separating the Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula and Russky Island. Behind Russkiy there is a chain of islands in Peter the Great Bay: Popov, Reineke, Rikord, Pakhtusov. The first Marine Reserve in Russia was created in Peter the Great Bay in 1978.
Monument to the Fighters for Soviet Power in the Far East.
On April 29, 1961, a memorial complex was erected on the central square of Vladivostok, which gave the name to the square itself. The author of the monument is Moscow sculptor Alexey Ilyich Teneta. The marble platform on which the monument is located is a favorite place for teenagers to skate.
Cinema "Ocean" and a statue of a tiger.
The "Ocean" cinema was built in 1969, it has 2 halls: "Ocean" - with 1050 seats and "Meridian" - with 300 seats. It is in front of the entrance to the “Ocean” that the starry path is laid out for guests of the international film festival “Pacific Meridian”.
Brynner Mansion
Built in 1910 according to the design of the architect G.R. Junghandel. Swiss Julius Ivanovich Brynner was engaged in land transactions, trade, and stevedore work. Yul Brynner, a Hollywood star and Oscar winner for the film “The Magnificent Seven,” was born and spent his childhood in this house.
Golden Horn building
The current building was built on the basis of a hotel building that burned down at the end of October 1905. Built by merchant Ivan Ivanovich Galetsky in the 1880s as a hotel and theater hall (deputy of Madame Galetskaya). In 1920, a theater for working youth was organized here. Since May 1931, a drama theater was located here. Now the building houses the Golden Horn shopping center and office space.
Former Japanese consulate.
In 1916, according to the original design of Jacob Schafrath, on the corner of Kitayskaya (now Okeansky Avenue) and Pekinskaya (now Admiral Fokin Street) streets, a Japanese consulate building with winged griffins above the entrance was built (the mystical birds of Chloe bring good luck and longevity according to Eastern beliefs ). The Japanese consulate was located in this building until May 1946. Now the Regional Court is located here. Some time ago the building housed a medical facility.
Nicholas Triumphal Gate (Arch of the Tsarevich)
Built in 1891 by decision of the Vladivostok City Duma of January 12, 1891 to perpetuate the memory of the visit to Vladivostok by His Imperial Highness the Sovereign Heir Tsarevich Nikolai Alexandrovich - the future Emperor Nicholas II. Project car - military engineer Konovalov. Following Russian tradition, the Tsarevich laid out a railway with a stone station, a dry dock for ship repairs and a monument to Admiral Nevelsky. All this has survived to this day. The original arch was destroyed in 1927-1930 under Soviet rule and recreated in 2003 on the initiative and at the expense of A.V. Ermolaeva. The authors of the reconstruction project are architects V.K. Moore, V.A. Obertas, A.G. Gavrilov, engineers A.A. Stotsenko, S.I. Dotsenko. The decorative elements of the building were made by artists A.P. Onufrienko, O.G. Kalyuzhnaya, A.G. Kalyuzhny, sculptors E.K. Sambursky, N.M. Shaimordanova, N.P. Montach.
Embankment
Favorite vacation spot for city residents. Restored in 2006. The Greek-style portico offers a picturesque view of the Amur Bay. Nearby are the Equator, Vladivostok and Amur Bay hotels, as well as the Ocean cinema.
Vladivostok GUM
The building in the Art Nouveau style with German Baroque elements of the 17th-18th century of the Kunst and Albers trading house was built at the beginning of the century according to the design of engineer G.R. Junghandel. The material for the construction of the buildings was brought from Hamburg. The facade of the house is decorated with characters from the ancient Germanic epic. Two angels are planted along the axis of the facade, one with an anchor in his hands - a symbol of maritime trade, the other holding the winged staff of the ancient god of trade Mercury (Hermes). Above is the coat of arms of international trade - a rod entwined with two snakes, symbols of cunning and wisdom.
Museum "Vladivostok Fortress" on the Nameless Battery.
In 1880-82, a wooden coastal battery was built on Bezymyannaya Sopka, armed with 9-11 inch rifled guns. In 1897 - 1900, under the leadership of Captain Yakubovsky, the original structures were replaced with concrete fortifications. In March 1910, during the Russian-Japanese War, Colonel A.P. Shoshin continued the construction of the fortress. In the 1930s, the fortress was destroyed and rebuilt into auto repair shops. From 1989 to 1993, the battery was reconstructed, and then the museum of the Vladivostok fortress was located here.
Memorial Red Banner Guards Submarine "S-56"
The memorial was placed on a pedestal of eternal glory on May 9, 1975 to commemorate the 30th anniversary of the victory in the Great Patriotic War for services to the Soviet homeland by decision of the military council of the Pacific Fleet. During the Second World War, the crew of the S-56 crossed the Pacific and Atlantic oceans to the Arctic. During this time, the submarine sank 10 fascist ships. Commander of the submarine "S-56" G.I. Shchedrin was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Excursions daily from 10 a.m. to 8 p.m.
Main Post Office.
The Vladivostok postal and telegraph office was built in 1900 according to the design of the architect A.A. Gvozdiovsky.
Park of Soul and Earth.
Staircase, pearl and arch. Work of architecture students of FESTU. There is a viewing platform nearby.
Rock garden.
Garden in the Japanese style of the Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service.
"0000130a-1905db03"
Project "Hometown"
Polyakova A.A.
MBOU secondary school No. 58
Vladivostok
VLADIVOSTOK
- Vladivostok is a port city on the coast of the Sea of Japan. Located on the Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula. The city was founded in 1860 by the Governor-General of Eastern Siberia N.N. Muravyov-Amursky.
- On July 2, 2015, Vladivostok celebrated its 155th anniversary.
- The Amur tiger is the permanent symbol of Vladivostok. He is depicted on the coat of arms of the city and region. On the last Sunday of September, Tiger Day is celebrated in Vladivostok.
- The symbol of the city of Vladivostok, in addition to the coat of arms, is also a natural symbol, the wild rosemary flower. Vladivostok is the only city in Russia that has its own natural symbolism.
- The main street of Vladivostok is Svetlanskaya Street, which is named after the frigate "Svetlana", on which Prince Alexei Alexandrovich visited Vladivostok. On Svetlanskaya Street there are many attractions of the city of Vladivostok. The Golden Bridge, the main symbol of the new Vladivostok, now hangs directly above the street.
- Funicular
- The only funicular in the Far East is of great interest. There are only two operating funicular systems in Russia - in Sochi and Vladivostok.
- Vladivostok fortress
- “Vladivostok Fortress” is a whole complex of defensive structures. They are located both in the city itself and in its environs.
- Oceanarium
- Perhaps the most visited attraction in the city is the oceanarium, dedicated to the underwater world and nature of the Pacific Ocean.
- In Vladivostok, 4 theaters and more than 30 museums welcome spectators every day.
- The custodian of the history of the region is the Primorsky Museum named after. VC. Arsenyev is the oldest museum of the Far East.
- In 2012, two unique bridges were opened in Vladivostok. Russian Bridge and Zolotoy.
Thank you for watching!
- Information for the presentation was taken from: Portal google.ru
- Pictures were taken:
Yandex portal
- The presentation was completed
Primary school teacher MBOU Secondary School No. 58
View presentation content
“My Native Land (READ README)”
- Topic: My Native Land
- Work completed:
Teacher 4 "A" class MBOU "Secondary School No. 58" Polyakova Alla Aleksandrovna
Vladivostok
MY NATIVE
EDGE
MY LITTLE HOMELAND
My friend! What could be sweeter
Priceless native land?
The sun seems brighter there
The golden spring is more joyful there,
Cooler light breeze,
The flowers are more fragrant, the hills are greener there,
There the flow sounds sweeter,
There the nightingale sings louder,
Everything there can delight us,
Everything is beautiful there, everything is nice there,
There the days fly by like lightning,
There is no sad melancholy,
Our happiness lives there
Just enjoy life there!
PRIMORSKY KRAI
Primorye!.. The land of courageous and courageous people, fishermen, sailors, builders, geologists, miners, loggers. Primorye is the unfading glory of the revolution, the tenacity of the partisans in the days of the fight against the interventionists and White Guards, the feat of Soviet soldiers during the Great Patriotic War, and the constant combat readiness of our sailors and border guards. This is the border of Russia. Here, near the date line, Far Eastern fishermen are among the first in the country to greet the sun. In Primorye you will see the riotous colors of the subtropics, and the autumn fire of the taiga, plowed squares of grain fields and valleys of green hills with an abundance of vegetation, vineyard plantations and rice-growing checks, impassable snow covers and magnificent seaside beaches, the silent beauty of the ocean and the harsh inaccessibility of the rocks.
The most ancient settlements in Primorye, dating back to the Paleolithic era, were discovered in the territory of the current Nakhodka region. The real history of Primorye began with its exploration by Russian travelers, sailors, and researchers. The territory of Primorye (until 1917 - the South Ussuri region) was included in the Russian state under the Argun (1858) and Beijing (1860) treaties, which legally formalized the borders between Russia and China. Administratively, the region became part of the Primorsky region, formed in 1856. In 1859, the northwestern coast of the Sea of Japan was explored, and the military post of Vladivostok, the future capital of Primorye, was founded. Then other military posts were founded (on Lake Khanka, in St. Olga Bay, etc.). In 1865-69. The first Cossack villages were built on the Ussuri River (later the Ussuri Cossack Army arose).
Construction in the late 19th and early 20th centuries played an important role in the development of Primorye and all of Siberia. The Trans-Siberian Railway, connecting the Far East with Central Russia. The industrial development of Primorye was carried out primarily through the development of the richest natural resources, production of fish and seafood.
In 1918, Primorye was occupied by American, Japanese, and British troops. Branches of foreign banks and industrial enterprises were opened. With the support of the Bolsheviks, the Far Eastern Republic (FER) was created in 1920, which, with the help of the People's Revolutionary Army, fought the invaders in the Far East. In 1922 the Far East was annexed to the RSFSR. In 1922, the region was transformed into the Primorsky province, which was part of the Far Eastern Region (FER) formed on the territory of the former Far Eastern Republic. In 1926, the Far Eastern Territory was transformed into the Far Eastern Territory (DVK), and the Primorsky province was first transformed into the Vladivostok Okrug, then (since 1932) into the Primorsky and Ussuri regions. In 1938 the Primorsky Territory was formed.
In Vladivostok, earthly roads end and sea roads begin - to the north, beyond the Equator, to Antarctica. Blue roads lead from here to 72 ports around the world.
The Far East is the main fish production area of our country. More than a third of the total catch is caught here in the Pacific Ocean. Fishing expeditions operate both beyond the equator and off the coast of Chukotka.
Harsh winters in the ocean. But work is work: on land, at sea and... under the ice.
Lighthouses are lit on earth. They are like the hand of a friend, extended to everyone who goes into the ocean. The light of the lighthouse is the light of the mainland and its good parting words. Happy sailing.
TRADITIONS
This is also a maritime tradition, and therefore Neptune is a frequent guest on the shores of Peter the Great Bay. And always, be it a holiday of sailors or fishermen, the ruler of the water element is received with the dignity and hospitality inherent in the owners of these places.
Protected shores
Such pebble beaches are one of the amazing creations of Far Eastern nature. Here, as is customary in the East, shoes are left on the doorstep of the house. They walk on the pebbles with bare feet. Cleanliness is the key to the preservation of these shores.
Where the white-maned surf beats, bizarre rocks, mysterious canyons and caves are hidden under the water, overgrown with brick-red anemones and orange branches of hydroids.
Green necklace
Taiga gardens bloom far away in the taiga, in the alleys of the Botanical Garden, and on the southern slopes of the Sikhote-Alin mountain range. Gardeners and breeders in Primorye are working on developing new varieties of fruit trees and berries.
Green sea of taiga...
Its green peaks are like the frozen crests of an ocean wave. It is not without reason that they say that Primorye is the land of three oceans: sea, taiga and mountain.
INTRODUCTION Medicinal plants have been known to man since ancient times. Today, medicinal plants include those plants whose organs or parts contain biologically active substances (BAS) and are used in folk and scientific medicine for medicinal purposes (Planthae medicinales). Pharmacognosy is one of the pharmaceutical sciences that comprehensively and comprehensively studies medicinal plants, medicinal raw materials of plant and animal origin, as well as their primary processing products. pharmacon (Greek) - medicine, poison, gnosis (Roman) - knowledge, teaching, i.e. Pharmacognosy is the study of drugs and poisons.
BAS are substances that affect biological processes in the body of humans and animals. LRs are called official medicinal plants (from the Latin officina - pharmacy), those from which official medicinal plant raw materials are obtained. There are about 300 such plants in Russia. All of them are included in the State Register of Medicines and Medical Products. The most important official plants, as a rule, are included in the State Pharmacopoeias. Such plants are called pharmacopoeial.
Pharmacopoeial status is given to those official types of raw materials that have served as a source of effective medicinal products (herbal medicines) for a long time. Medicinal plants serve as a source of medicinal plant raw materials (MPR). Medicinal plant raw materials (MPS) are dried or freshly harvested whole medicinal plants or parts thereof, which are used as medicines or as raw materials for the manufacture of medicines.
A medicinal product (MD) of plant origin is a product that has a certain pharmacological effect, approved in accordance with the established procedure for use for therapeutic, preventive or diagnostic purposes (for herbal medicine and herbal prophylaxis). A medicinal product is a drug in a specific formulation. form. Herbal medicine is a drug of plant origin in a specific dosage form. Medicinal herbal infusions are a mixture of several types of crushed (less often whole) plant materials, sometimes with an admixture of mineral salts and essential oils. Infusions and decoctions are prepared from the collections at home.
Primorsky Krai Federal District: Far Eastern Economic Region: Far Eastern Area: sq. km. population: people car number plate index: 25, 125 Primorsky Krai has been an administrative unit of the Russian Federation since September 20, 1938. In the south and east it is washed by the Sea of Japan, in the north it borders with the Khabarovsk Territory, in the west - with China and North Korea.
The region includes numerous islands: Russky, Popova, Putyatina, Reineke, Rikord, Rimsky-Korsakov, Askold, Petrova and others. The names of many of these islands are given in honor of the Russian navigators who discovered or explored our Far Eastern seas and lands, as well as in honor of the ships on which the voyages were made. In world history, the territory of Primorye occupies a rather modest place.
The northwestern coast of the Sea of Japan did not become a center for the formation and development of a single continuous cultural tradition. This was not facilitated by factors such as geography and climate, and to a large extent, the proximity to the ancient Chinese civilization. Its destiny is to be the periphery of initially East Asian and then European (Slavic) civilizations, a zone of intercultural contacts, migrations, from time to time an administrative outskirts of medieval and modern states, or nominally someone’s vassal territory. However, man settled on the territory of Primorye at least 30 thousand years ago, and even then demonstrated the characteristic feature of a “Primorie” - extensive contacts and very stable connections with neighboring cultures of North-East Asia.
It is located in the southernmost part of the Far East on the shores of the Sea of Japan. The territory of the region is 165.9 thousand km2, which is about 1% (0.97%) of the area of the Russian Federation. Primorsky Krai is one of the medium-sized regions of our country, but nevertheless, in area it is significantly larger than such states as Greece (131.9 thousand km2), or Bulgaria (111 thousand km2), or Iceland (103 thousand . km2); and the area of Belgium, Holland, Denmark and Switzerland taken together is smaller than the area of our region.
The northernmost point of the Primorsky Territory is located near the sources of the Dagda River (a tributary of the Samarga River, and the extreme southern point is at the mouth of the Tumannaya River (Tumangan, Tumenjiang) on the border with the Democratic Republic of Korea. The westernmost point lies near the source of the Novgorodovka River (Khankaisky district) on border with the People's Republic of China, the easternmost point is Cape Zolotoy on the shores of the Sea of Japan.
The distance between the extreme points - northern and southern - is exactly 900 km, between the western and eastern points it is 430 km. Of the total length of the Primorsky Territory's borders of 3,000 km, the maritime borders account for about 1,500 km. The western section - the state border with the People's Republic of China goes in the northwest direction to the Zaozernaya hill (height 167 m), and further to the north, crossing the marshy area. It reaches the peak of Povorotny (height 454 m), and then passes along the ridge of the Black Mountains. Further along the river. Granitnaya, crossing the river. Razdolnaya, overlooks the watershed of the border ridge and goes to the mouth of the river. Tour. Then the state border crosses Lake Khanka in a straight line, reaches the source of the Sungach River flowing from Lake Khanka and follows it until it flows into the Ussuri River, then follows the river to the administrative border between the Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territories.
The geopolitical position of Primorsky Krai is determined by the fact that the territory of Primorye Russia borders for more than 1000 km with the largest country in the world - China and with North Korea (about 30 km), and through the Sea of Japan it reaches the maritime borders of Japan and South Korea, and other Asian countries. -Pacific region (APR). At the same time, Primorye performs a kind of connecting, contact function in the international relations of Russia with many countries of the Asia-Pacific region.
GEOGRAPHY OF PRIMORYE Physico-geographical features of the region of the Far East of the Russian Federation The main large physical and geographical divisions of the Primorye Territory are the Sikhote-Alin (southern half) and East Manchuria (eastern outskirts) mountain regions, as well as the West Primorsky Plain separating them. Along the main watershed, the Sikhote-Alin mountain region is divided into the Sea of Japan (eastern and southern) macroslope and the Ussuri-Khanka (western) macroslope, which differ from each other in the structure of the relief and natural and climatic factors.
In the northern part there are the Samarginskoe and Zevinskoe, and in the southern part there are the Artemovsk basalt plateau. Within their boundaries, flat, table-shaped watersheds are developed, where raised bogs often form in depressions. Large areas are covered with larch forests with peaty, waterlogged soils. The marginal parts of the plateau are cut by narrow river valleys, transverse ridges and river valleys, followed by large fault zones. The Sea of Japan macroslope is divided into a series of independent natural and climatic complexes with sufficient contrast.
The southern Sikhote-Alin is especially colorful for its rugged coastline, rocky cliffs and gently sloping sandy beaches, a wealth of natural monuments, a mild maritime climate, the proximity of an extensive transport network and high economic development with a natural, often undisturbed landscape. All this has made southern Primorye a favorite holiday and tourism destination for residents of the entire Russian Far East and other countries of the Asia-Pacific region.
The Ussuri-Khanka macroslope is morphologically divided into Central and Western Sikhote-Alin. The mountain ranges of Central Sikhote-Alin have a predominantly NNE direction. This part of the mountainous region is home to the most elevated sections of massive middle mountains with absolute elevations of up to 1850 m and exceeding m. The rivers are steep, mountainous with rapids and rifts. Western Sikhote-Alin consists of separate NE-trending ridges, separated by intermountain depressions and dissected by wide transverse river valleys of the rivers Ussuri, Malinovka, B. Ussurka, Bikin, etc. The heights of the mountains rarely exceed 1000 m, the relative elevation is m, and the slopes are gentler , in comparison with Central Sikhote-Alin.
The East Manchurian Highlands extends within the Primorsky Territory of its eastern component and is divided into three parts: Pogranichny, Khasan-Barabashsky mountain regions, as well as the Borisov basalt plateau. The border and Khasan mountain regions are already typical low mountains - hilly areas. The border region is a system of low (absolute elevations m, relative m) mountain ranges, which decrease towards Lake Khasan, turning into a hilly plain.
In the Khasan-Barabash region, absolute elevations (m) and relative elevations (m) are noticeably higher. The main mountain range "Black Mountains" is arched towards the Amur Bay. The valleys of most watercourses are open to southern and southeastern humid sea winds, which leaves a unique imprint on the climate, vegetation and soils. In the inner part of the Western Primorsky Plain region, the total area of which is 20% of the region's area, there is a lake. Hanka. Around it there is a lowland of the same name - swampy flat spaces separated by wide river valleys.
Climate The climatic conditions of the region are largely determined by its geographical location - at the junction of Eurasia and the Pacific Ocean. In summer, southerly winds from the Pacific Ocean predominate, and in winter, northerly winds, bringing cold but clear weather from continental regions. At the same time, the monsoon climate has a “mitigating” effect, especially on coastal areas. Spring is long, cool, with frequent temperature fluctuations. The main feature of summer is heavy rainfall and fog. Summer is the time for typhoons; these tropical cyclones visit the region every year. The average temperature in July is +17C...+26C. The coldest summer in the region is on the coast of the Tatar Strait in the northeast of Primorye. The hottest place is on the Khanka Plain.
Autumn is usually warm, sunny and dry. Winter with little snow, cold and windy. In the central and northern regions of the region the climate is more continental. The total annual precipitation is mm, most of it falls in summer. The cold Primorsky Current runs along the sea coast from north-east to south-west, causing prolonged fogs. The average January temperature is from 8°C to 18°C on the coast, which, coupled with humidity and winds, reduces it by 2 times, and in mainland areas, with a drier climate, the temperature reaches 38°C.
The warmest winter is in the south of the Khasansky district and in the vicinity of Nakhodka, the coldest is in the mountainous regions of the central and northern part of the region. The absolute minimum is -54°C, recorded in the Krasnoarmeysky district near the village. Deep, associated with temperature inversion in the intermountain basin. Coldest months: January, February, March. The warmest months are July, August, September, October. Growing season days.
Flora and fauna Flora and fauna are distinguished by a combination of southern and northern species. Up to 80% of the territory of the region is occupied by exclusively diverse forests: coniferous, broad-leaved, small-leaved trees and shrubs, many of which are endemic (Manchurian apricot, actinidia, true ginseng, Komarov lotus, etc.).
The animal world is also diverse. It is represented by both hunting and commercial species: Elk, wapiti, roe deer, wild boar, musk deer, squirrel, mink, otter, weasel, sable, ermine, etc., and rare species: Amur tiger, leopard, red wolf, Ussuri sika deer, etc. .
Floristic zones. Far East is a mountainous country, more than 1/4 of its territory has mountainous terrain. Usually the height of the mountains does not exceed 1000 m above sea level. m. The uniqueness of the vegetation of the Far East is determined by a number of factors: the large extent of this region in latitude and longitude, which causes climate change from oceanic to continental, long-term seasonal and permafrost, mountainous terrain, a wide variety of rocks and soil conditions. All this allowed V.L. Komarov to allocate the space east of the Stanovoy Ridge into a special Oceanic flora.
The floras of the Far East are more diverse and richer in the number of species than the floras of the regions of Siberia and the European part corresponding to them according to zonal conditions. Ancient relict plant species have been preserved here. The floras of the Far East are in direct and very ancient related relationships with the floras of the mountainous regions of the southeastern and central parts of Asia and North America, less clear and more recent connections are made with the floras of the trans-Ural parts of Eurasia. Botanists and florists distinguish four types of floras.
The Manchurian flora, the richest and most diverse, occupies Southern Primorye, the river basin. Ussuri, the coast of the Sea of Japan, the Middle Amur basin and Northeast China. A larger number of heat-loving forest tertiary plant species are represented here, the closest relatives of which are distributed in the subtropics and partly in the tropics of East Asia, as well as in the forests of the corresponding zones of North America.
Characterized by numerous deciduous tree species, from conifers (Korean cedar), which form mixed coniferous-deciduous forests. The Far East occupies a vast territory in the northeastern part of the Asian continent. Such a vast region is characterized by natural contrasts due to its latitudinal elongation, complex mountainous terrain, and the influence of the seas.
A forest is a complex plant community of many different plants, differing in size, structure, reproduction, type of nutrition, closely related to each other and influencing each other. Forest is one of the main types of plant communities, the dominant layer of which is formed by trees of one or more species with closed crowns. Forests are the predominant type of vegetation in the Far East. They cover more than 60% of its territory.
The forest has unique environmental conditions: lighting, temperature, soil composition. The temperature regime varies depending on the time of year: in summer the air temperature in the forest is 8-10° lower, and in winter it is 1-5° higher. Forests delay the movement of air, reduce the force of the wind, i.e. soften the climate. In addition, the forest cleans the air of dust, enriches it with oxygen and absorbs harmful gases, disinfects it from harmful organisms, while releasing volatile substances - phytoncides.
A characteristic form of relationships between forest plant communities is the struggle for existence, competition for light, nutrients and water. The relationship to light determines the tiered arrangement of terrestrial plant organs: the upper tier is formed by the most light-loving trees. They are also dominant or edificatory plants that determine the ecological conditions of a given forest plant community; shade-tolerant plants form the lowest tier.
It is customary to distinguish the following tiers: Woody tier - more than 10 m in height: Mongolian oak, poplar, Manchurian walnut, Amur apricot, velvet, linden, calopanax, birch, aspen. Undergrowth m: Types of bird cherry, hawthorn, willow, alder, viburnum, aralia, rowan. Shrub m: Lespedeza, Eleutherococcus, hazel, rose hips, grapes, raspberries, Securinega, currants. Herbaceous and shrub – cm; Schisandra, black cohosh, dioscorea, lily of the valley, adonis, hellebore, valerian, lure. 5th tier - Moss-lichen cm; The dead remains form the forest floor.
The pearl of Far Eastern vegetation is coniferous-deciduous or cedar-deciduous forests (mixed). Edifiers (dominants) are deciduous trees. Only here such economically valuable and medicinally valuable species as Korean cedar (Korean pine), Amur velvet, Amur linden, whole-leaved fir, Daurian larch, Ayan spruce, Manchurian ash, Manchurian walnut, dimorphant, and valley elm grow in their natural form. , pointed yew, Ussuri pear and many others.
Conditions are favorable for the growth of numerous medicinal and industrial plants, including endemic ones such as ginseng, Aralia Manchurian, Eleutherococcus senticosus, Schisandra chinensis, etc. The forests of the southern part of the Far East, rich in linden, Amur velvet, lespedeza and many other honey plants, are one of the the country's largest honey bases. In general, coniferous species predominate in the Far East. The most common species is larch. The second place in distribution is occupied by spruce and fir, which predominate in Primorye and Sakhalin, but also play an important role in the Khabarovsk Amur region.
In Primorye, the most common dominant deciduous species is Mongolian oak. In addition to oak and birch trees, linden and Manchurian ash are also of great importance. Mixed forests are most often polydominant, i.e. each layer includes several dominant species. The first tier is a tree stand: usually consists of 1-2 types of tree species (Korean cedar, Mongolian and jagged oak, Amur and Manchurian linden, birch (white, Daurian, yellow, Manchurian, ribbed, black), Amur velvet, Korean and Maksimovich poplar , calopanax, Amur apricot, Manchurian walnut) The second tier is the undergrowth: made up of smaller trees (rowan, maple, hawthorn, willow, bird cherry, viburnum, aralia, alder, etc.).
The third tier is represented by shrubs: Manchurian hazel, honeysuckle (golden, Maksimovicha, Maaka, edible), rose hips (Maksimovicha, wrinkled, needle-shaped, Daurian), Amur grapes, Lespedeza bicolor and pennywort, securinega subshrub, Maksimovicha and Manchurian currants, Sakhalin raspberry and hawthorn leaf Naya and etc.). 4th tier - The grass-shrub cover is rich in species: Keiske lily of the valley, Amur and Korean valerian, arcuate aconite, Dahurian hellebore and Maaka, two-leaved maynika, Amur adonis, Dahurian and simple black cohosh, Dioscorea nippon. There is almost always a layer of mosses, but mosses do not form a continuous cover.
In mixed forests, the layering of root systems is well expressed. Tree roots penetrate deep into the soil, and the roots of most grasses lie directly under the litter. Trees and shrubs of mixed forests annually produce a large amount of litter, several times higher than the amount of litter in purely coniferous forests. Litter, as a rule, does not accumulate, reaching greater thicknesses in the fall. During the first half of summer, it almost completely decomposes, which is facilitated by the looseness of the soil, good heating, and a large supply of moisture, until the trees put on leaves. As a result, humus is formed, which can retain soluble decomposition products.
Coniferous forest Forest dominated by conifers (Siberian spruce, bud fir, Korean cedar) occupies up to 30% of the forested area of the Far East. Under the thick and dark canopy of spruce or fir, only shade-tolerant shrubs and herbs are found, such as honeysuckle, grapes, actinidia, liceweed, and eleutherococcus. And in the brighter places along the edges, at the site of clearings: aspen, birch, alder.
The grass cover, depending on the lighting conditions, can either be absent or have transitions to dense grass. Common grasses of these forests are wood sorrel, bileaf moss, mosses, and mosses. Amur fern is found in illuminated areas. On screes or along the edges of screes: Pacific bergenia. On rocky hills - lingonberries, Manchurian thyme. In swampy lowlands - blueberries, rarely - blueberries. There is lichen on the branches of spruce and fir trees. There are no pine forests in the Primorsky Territory. Grave pine is found in the south of the region on the sea coast.
Larch forest Larch forests in the Primorsky Territory are found in separate isolated forests. The dominant tree of larch forests is larch. Often larch trees may contain an admixture of oak, birch, aspen, spruce, and fir. Larch trees always have a small density. In the shrub layer there are birch, wild rosemary, meadowsweet, and blueberry. Larches in humid conditions have different moss or lichen covers
Broad-leaved forest Broad-leaved forest is formed from the same trees that are found in mixed groups; there are no conifers in these forests. Common trees include Amur linden, Manchurian ash, valley elm, Amur velvet, Manchurian walnut, Mongolian oak with typical shrubs: hazel, bicolor lespedecia. The grass cover is usually continuous and consists of wormwood, bells, and clematis.
My Primorye Prepared by Alexandra Vladimirovna Babich, teacher at MBDOU kindergarten No. 4, Artem Favorite region! You are a wonder of the world! There is no such beauty anywhere. The trees are dressed in gold, the flowers are whispering about something. You give us your open spaces, Meadows, forests, endless fields... Mirror lakes beckon, Land overgrown with wild rosemary. The taiga is remote, a modern city, Heat, rain, or snow is blowing - All this is ours! Region, you are dear to all of us, It’s not for nothing that they call you a pearl! Did you know that in the very Far East of Russia there is such an incredibly green and nature-rich Primorsky Territory? Vladivostok, Ussuriysk, Arsenyev, Spassk-Dalniy are all cities of the Primorsky Territory. Vladivostok is the capital, airplanes are made in Arsenyev, Ussuriysk is famous for the largest automobile market for Japanese cars, and Spassk-Dalniy is famous for its cement and is simply a hero city. Did you know that in the very Far East of Russia there is such an incredibly green and nature-rich Primorsky Territory? Vladivostok, Ussuriysk, Arsenyev, Spassk-Dalniy are all cities of the Primorsky Territory. Vladivostok is the capital, airplanes are made in Arsenyev, Ussuriysk is famous for the largest automobile market for Japanese cars, and Spassk-Dalniy is famous for its cement and is simply a hero city. Everything is here. And oaks and hills, which do not exist in Siberia, and lemongrass, and pine nuts, which differ from Siberian ones, for example, in the large size of the nut itself and cones. Mushrooms, berries, fish and much, much more. And of course, in Primorye there is a sea, where people from all over the country come to relax. Everything is here. And oaks and hills, which do not exist in Siberia, and lemongrass, and pine nuts, which differ from Siberian ones, for example, in the large size of the nut itself and cones. Mushrooms, berries, fish and much, much more. And of course, in Primorye there is a sea, where people from all over the country come to relax.
Flag of Primorsky Krai
Coat of arms of Primorsky Krai
Reserves
Sikhote-Alin Nature Reserve
Kedrovaya Pad
Far Eastern Marine Reserve
Lazovsky Reserve
Khanka reserve.
Ussuri Nature Reserve
National parks
"Call of the Tiger"
"Udege Legend"
"Land of the Leopard"
Lotus Komarova
- Komarov's lotus in Russia is found exclusively in the south of the Far East - in the valleys of the river. Ussuri, along the river. Arsenyevki, on the island. Putyatin, in the lakes of the Khanka lowland, Khasansky district of Primorsky Krai, near the mouth of the river. Bureya and in the lower reaches of the river. Zeya on the Middle Amur.
- The large-flowered slipper is found, although very rarely, in the forest zone in the east of the European part of Russia, in the southern regions of Siberia and the Far East, northeast Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China and Japan.
- Schlippenbach's rhododendron in our country is found only in the extreme south of the Primorsky Territory, and its main area of distribution covers the countries of East Asia (Japan, Korea, China). The Khasansky district of the Primorsky Territory is the northernmost border of the distribution of the Schlippenbach rhododendron, one of the most beautiful deciduous rhododendrons. Schlippenbach rhododendron is found in the undergrowth of deciduous forests, on their edges, as well as on dry rocky mountain slopes. In the Primorsky Territory, the number of Schlippenbach rhododendrons is catastrophically declining.
- The only leopard living in Russia, the most northern and, unfortunately, endangered subspecies. It differs from its tropical counterparts in its thick, long fur, which is especially noticeable in winter attire. The Far Eastern leopard is listed in the Red Book of Russia, the International Red Book (IUCN) and is included in Appendix 1 of the CITES Convention.
- Where does the biggest cat in the world live? Every schoolchild knows this. The northernmost subspecies of the tiger lives in Primorye and some neighboring areas. One of the most formidable predators ever created by nature, the perfect killing machine. And at the same time, Ussuri tigers - the largest among their fellow tribesmen - are also the least aggressive towards humans. The king of the taiga, who was recently on the verge of extinction, respects people and perceives them as equals.
- In April, the white-naped crane returns from warmer climes - the only crane with wide white stripes along its neck. Abroad, this is why it is called the white-necked crane. In Primorye, it flies to the eastern coast of Lake Khanka, where it nests. In Russia, this bird is also found in the south of the Amur and Chita regions, inhabiting marshy meadows and swamps. Therefore, its abundance strongly depends on the territory and condition of wetlands.
- The Far Eastern stork is one of the rarest birds in the Russian Far East. As a biological species, it is endangered and is included in the IUCN Red List, the Red Book of the Russian Federation, and is protected by law in Japan, China, Mongolia and the Republic of Korea. The Far Eastern stork is included in Appendix I of CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora), which prohibits the export and import of birds for commercial purposes. The world population of the Far Eastern stork is estimated at 2500-3000 individuals.