What is the name of the arch on Kutuzovsky Prospekt. Triumphal Arch. Arches of the new century: restoration and reconstruction
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1814 Russian troops return from Western Europe. Especially for this event, a wooden triumphal arch is being built at the Tverskaya Zastava. After 12 years, they decided to replace the completely dilapidated wooden arch with a more durable one - a stone one.
Architect O.I. Bove worked on the project for two years. The new version of the arch was adopted in April 1829, and already on August 17 of the same year the ceremonial laying of the first stone was carried out. And then, over the course of five long years, powerful arched walls were erected.
The opening of the monument took place on September 20, 1834. It stood at the Tverskaya outpost for 102 years. And when at the beginning of 1936 they decided to redevelop the area of the Belorussky railway station, the arch was dismantled. It was carefully dismantled and placed in storage in the Museum of Architecture for 32 long years. A.V. Shchusev, which was located on the territory of the previously operating Donskoy Monastery. Today, fragments of the casting of the old arch, cast-iron boards with coat of arms and relief military armor can be seen at the entrance to the Great Cathedral.
At the beginning of 1966, a decision was made to restore the Triumphal Gate, only in a new location. The task was difficult. It was necessary to restore the arch to its original form based on measurements, photographs and drawings. The project was led by V. Libsonon, one of the most famous Moscow restorers. The team he led included: engineers M. Grankina and A. Rubtsova, architects D. Kulchinsky and I. Ruben, who began restoration only after studying the archives. First, plaster casts were prepared, molds of those parts that needed to be re-cast. In total, it was necessary to re-prepare approximately 150 different models exact copies of decorative elements.
Individual figures were re-cast. New life was given to armor, coats of arms of old cities, and military attributes. The casting masters and minters did a great job. Later, all the elements were brought together and became part of the Triumphal Gate. The location of the Arc de Triomphe caused a lot of controversy and proposals. There was a proposal to restore it on the Leningradskoye Shosse, bordering the Belorussky railway station. They also proposed to take it out of the city to Poklonnaya Gora and restore it exactly according to Beauvais’s design with guardhouses, but the architects of Mosproekt-1 decided to restore the Triumphal Arch at the entrance to Kutuzovsky Prospekt Square. They decided to turn the arch into a monument that should fit into the city landscape and not get lost in it. Traffic flows should flow around it on both sides, and it should not turn into a simple fence or bridge.
After the location was approved, the builders got down to business. They leveled the area for the arch, leveling a small hill on Staromozhaiskoye Highway, and laid a new passage and underground passage. The Triumphal Arch on Kutuzovsky acquired a second life on November 6, 1968. It became the most grandiose monument to the victory of the Russian people in the Patriotic War of 1812. Together with the Kutuzovskaya Izba and the Battle of Borodino panorama museum, the restored Arc de Triomphe forms a single complex on Victory Square in the region Poklonnaya Gora.
The façade of the arch faces the entrance to Moscow. In this arrangement, many see a long-standing tradition of placing arches and gates with the main facade towards central road leading to the city. The basis of the single-span arch was made up of six pairs of 12-meter majestic cast-iron columns. They were placed around two arched pylons - supports. Each column weighs 16 tons; they were re-cast at the capital's Stankolit plant, based on the model of the one remaining column, which was at the heart of the first aria. Between the columns were placed cast figures of warriors with shields and spears, wearing helmets and chain mail. Elegant high reliefs were placed above the warriors. The thematic bas-relief depicted Russian soldiers pushing back enemies fleeing from the pressure of courageous liberators.
All the strength and power is shown in the image of a warrior in the foreground with a shield on which the coat of arms of Russia is depicted.
Another high relief shows the “Liberation of Moscow”. The proud beauty, personifying the capital, reclines on a shield with the Moscow coat of arms. Her right hand is extended to Emperor Alexander I against the background of the battlements of the Moscow Kremlin. Around are images of Hercules, Minerva, a woman, a youth and an old man. Antique Russian national motifs can be clearly seen in the stone robes of the characters. Along the perimeter of the arch are the coats of arms of the administrator. regions of Russia that participated in the liberation movement. Above the cornice are statues of Victories that stand out against the light background. Trophies are piled at their feet. There are slight smiles on stern faces. The arch is crowned by an unusually beautiful chariot of Glory, led by six horses. The winged goddess Victory sits in a chariot, peering at all those who enter the city.
Moscow Triumphal Gate - triumphal arch in Moscow, built in honor of the victory of the Russian people in the Patriotic War of 1812. As a rule, Muscovites do not use the full name of the monument and simply call it the Arc de Triomphe.
Triumphal Arch - restored monument: it was originally erected in 1829-1834 according to the project Osipa Bove on Tverskaya Zastava Square, then dismantled in 1936 during the reconstruction of the square and rebuilt in 1966-1968 on Kutuzovsky Prospekt near Poklonnaya Gora.
Triumphal Arch at Tverskaya Zastava
In 1814, when Russian and Allied troops entered Paris and peace was achieved, Russian cities began to prepare for the meeting of troops returning from France. Along their route, triumphal gates were erected in cities, and Moscow was no exception: near the Tverskaya Zastava, where the emperor was traditionally greeted with honors, they began to erect a temporary triumphal arch made of wood.
In 1826, Emperor Nicholas I ordered the construction of the Triumphal Gate in Moscow as a monument to the victory of Russian weapons, similar to the Narva Triumphal Gate, which was being built at that time in St. Petersburg. The development of the project was entrusted to a prominent Russian architect Osip Bova; the master developed it the same year, but the need to redevelop the area slowed down the process, and the project required changes.
The triumphal gate according to Beauvais’ new design was built in 1829-1834, with a bronze foundation slab and a handful of silver rubles “for good luck” laid at the base - which, by the way, did not help at all: construction was delayed for 5 years due to lack of funds. The sculptural design of the arch was made by sculptors Ivan Vitali And Ivan Timofeev, who worked from Beauvais' drawings. The columns and sculptures were cast from cast iron, and the gate itself was erected from white stone from the village of Tartarovo (“Tartarov marble”) and stone from the dismantled Samotechny Canal.
On the attic of the gate there was an inscription (in Russian and Latin on different sides):
In 1899, the first electric tram line in Moscow passed right under the arch, and in 1912 and in the 1920s they were even cleaned and restored.
Unfortunately, in 1936, according to the General Plan for the Reconstruction of Moscow, the gates were dismantled to reconstruct the square. Initially, they were planned to be restored near their original location, so during dismantling they took careful measurements and preserved some sculptural and architectural elements, but in the end they did not restore the gates.
Triumphal Arch on Kutuzovsky Prospekt
In the 1960s, given the artistic value and historical significance of the gate, it was decided to return to the idea of restoring it, and in 1966-1968 a copy of it was built on Kutuzovsky Prospekt near Poklonnaya Gora and the Battle of Borodino Panorama Museum.
The project was carried out under the leadership of the architect-restorer Vladimir Libson by a group of architects (I. Ruben, G. Vasilyeva, D. Kulchinsky). During the construction, drawings and measurements made during the dismantling of the gate were used, as well as the author’s model of the structure provided by the Museum of Architecture.
Generally Triumphal Arch on Kutuzovsky Prospekt is an external copy of its predecessor, but with a number of design changes: instead of brick, reinforced concrete was used in the construction of the walls, vaults and basement, the white stone was replaced with Crimean limestone, and it was decided not to restore the guardhouses and gratings. The surviving sculptures and design details were not used, and everything was cast from cast iron anew. In addition, the texts on the attic were changed - instead of words about Emperor Alexander I, lines from Mikhail Kutuzov’s order to Russian soldiers and an excerpt from the inscription on the mortgage board of 1829 appeared there:
In 2012, the Arc de Triomphe was restored in preparation for the celebrations of the 200th anniversary of the Russian Victory in the Patriotic War of 1812.
The Arc de Triomphe was placed in a park divided between oncoming lanes of Kutuzovsky Prospekt. In 1975, in honor of the 30th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War, this square became known as Victory Square.
To date Triumphal Arch has become one of the recognizable symbols of Moscow: views of the monument are decorated with popular postcards and calendars, the arch is depicted in artists’ paintings and produced a large number of souvenir products with her image.
You can get to the Arc de Triomphe on foot from the metro station "Victory Park" Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya line.
The triumphal arch in Moscow was erected in honor of the victory of the Russian people in the War of 1812.
Triumphal Arch in Moscow was built from 1829 to 1834. It replaced the old wooden arch of 1814 on Tverskaya Zastava Square, which was built to welcome Russian troops returning from Paris after the victory over the French. The walls of the newly built arch were lined with white stone, and the columns and sculpture were cast from cast iron. The arch was originally called the Moscow Triumphal Gate
On both sides of the triumphal arch there was a commemorative inscription, on the one hand in Russian, on the other in Latin: “To the blessed memory of Alexander I, who raised from the ashes and adorned this capital city with many monuments of paternal care, during the invasion of the Gauls and with them twenty languages , in the summer of 1812, dedicated to the fire, 1826", but after reconstruction it was replaced by another: "This Triumphal Gate was laid as a sign of remembrance of the triumph of Russian soldiers in 1814 and the resumption of the construction of magnificent monuments and buildings of the capital city of Moscow, destroyed in 1812 by the invasion of the Gauls and with them twelve languages"
Arc de Triomphe at night and day
The arch was dismantled in 1936, during the reconstruction of the square, and it was recreated only in the late 60s on Kutuzovsky Prospekt. Its brick floors were replaced with reinforced concrete, and the cast-iron 12-meter columns were cast anew following the example of the only column of the old arch that had survived to that time.
Decorative elements of the Arc de Triomphe in Moscow
Many people confuse these Triumphal Gates with the triumphal arches erected on Triumphal Square. To reduce confusion, Triumphal Square was even renamed the Old Triumphal Gate Square
Now Triumphal Arch located on Victory Square in the Poklonnaya Gora area
Triumphal Arch on Kutuzovsky Prospekt
Since ancient times, triumphal arches have been erected in honor of generals who achieved great victories. This tradition continued for several centuries. In many countries, victors returning from a campaign entered the city through triumphal gates specially built for the occasion.
There was such a tradition in Russia. In 1814, by the time the Russian army returned from Europe, having completed the defeat of Napoleonic troops, a wooden Triumphal Arch was built at the Tverskaya Zastava. However, the wooden arch did not last long, and in 1826 it was decided to replace it with a stone one. The design of the new Arc de Triomphe was entrusted to the famous architect Osip Ivanovich Bova (the building was built according to his design Bolshoi Theater). The project was ready within a year, but the redevelopment of the area where it was to be installed forced the architect to reconsider it. As a result, the final project was presented in 1829.
The foundation stone for the memorial took place in August 1829. At the same time, a bronze plate was walled up at the base, the inscription on which read: “These Triumphal Gates were laid as a sign of remembrance of the triumph of Russian soldiers in 1814 and the restoration of the construction of magnificent monuments and buildings of the capital city of Moscow, destroyed in 1812 by the invasion of the Gauls and with them twelve languages."
Construction of the monument dragged on for several years. The reasons for this were the lack Money and the indifference of the city authorities. As a result, the opening of the memorial took place only five years later in 1834.
The triumphal arch stood at Tverskaya Zastava for more than a century, until in 1936 a decision was made to redevelop the square again. As a result, the arch was dismantled and placed in a branch of the Shchusev Museum. Some of its fragments: part of the column and relief images of military armor are still located there.
30 years later, Moscow authorities decided to recreate the monument. It was decided to install it in a new location. The question of the location of the Arc de Triomphe has caused much controversy. Some suggested installing it on Leningradskoye Highway, others on Poklonnaya Hill. In addition, it was decided not to restore some of the decorations and fencing, so that the monument would not interfere with busy traffic.
The architects had to rack their brains a lot about how best to place the monument. Initially, the arch was surrounded by low houses, and against their background it was a majestic structure. Modern houses exceeded the arch in height. Eventually, the best option placement was recognized as the current Victory Square on Kutuzovsky Prospekt.
Basically, the appearance and size of the Arc de Triomphe should have remained the same. For this, architects and engineers used the surviving drawings, drawings and photographs of the monument. Sculptors used the same materials to recreate relief images, some of which were lost, while others were used in the design of the Battle of Borodino panorama museum.
Finally, on November 6, 1968, work on recreating the Arc de Triomphe was completed. The monument was located near Poklonnaya Gora and formed a memorial complex with the Battle of Borodino Museum, Kutuzovskaya Izba and several other monuments located nearby. The front side of the Arc de Triomphe faces the entrance to the city.
The monument consists of a single-span arch and 12 columns located around two pylons - arched supports. The height of the columns is 12 meters, the weight of each of them is 16 tons. Between pairs of columns on pedestals there are cast figures, the equipment of which repeats the equipment of ancient Russian warriors: long spears, chain mail and pointed helmets.
Above these figures are mounted elegant high reliefs depicting battle scenes, as well as the Russian Emperor Alexander I and heroes of ancient myths. In one of them, Russian warriors in antique armor attack a retreating enemy. This high relief is called “The Expulsion of the French.” Masterfully made high reliefs create the appearance of a three-dimensional image: the foreground and background figures differ in size.
Above the Arc de Triomphe there is a sculptural group depicting an ancient chariot harnessed to six horses. The chariot is driven by the goddess of victory Nike. In her right hand she holds a laurel crown, which has always been awarded to winners. By the way, when the arch was opened in the 19th century, the Moscow Metropolitan even refused to consecrate the structure because of the image of the ancient gods.
Memorial plaques are placed on the sides of the arch. On one of them are the words of Kutuzov: “This glorious year has passed. But your great deeds and exploits done in it will not pass away and will not be silenced; posterity will keep them in their memory. You saved the Fatherland with your blood. Brave and victorious troops! Each of you is the savior of the Fatherland. Russia greets you with this name.” On another board is the inscription that was on the plate walled up when it was laid, shown above.
Under the arch arch there is a cast-iron memorial plaque on which is written Short story construction and reconstruction of the arch, as well as the names of the people who took part in this: “The Moscow Triumphal Gate in honor of the victory of the Russian people in the Patriotic War of 1812 was built in 1829–1834. designed by the architect Osip Ivanovich Bove, sculptors Ivan Petrovich Vitali, Ivan Timofeevich Timofeev. Restored in 1968."