Skiing / 13.12.2023

Preparing for an emergency landing in case of a sudden accident. Emergency schedule Emergency landing position

According to official statistics, the aircraft is recognized not only as the fastest and most comfortable, but also the safest type of passenger transport. The number of people dying in plane crashes is significantly less than in the same car accidents. In addition, massive road accidents occur almost every day, but major accidents involving passenger aviation happen every few years.

However, many people are afraid of flying and try in every possible way to avoid them. The reason is that the airplane is a confined space with a large crowd of people, and its operation requires being at a high altitude above the ground. Not everyone manages to survive during a fall, fire in an airplane cabin, or a hard landing. This is due to a lack of information about how to behave in case of an emergency on board an aircraft, as well as inattention to the instructions of the flight staff. The article describes the most common emergency situations that may arise during a flight. A procedure is given that will help you act more confidently and competently, which will significantly increase your chances of a successful outcome of your air travel.

Emergency door opening

Rowdy on board: what to do in case of conflict or fight

Aggressive behavior of passengers on board has recently become an increasingly frequent emergency on an airplane. This often happens due to heavy alcohol intoxication or the presence of a phobia before flying. Fear and anxiety take on a panic form, and a person is simply unable to keep these feelings inside. Most often, it is men who initiate the conflict, but a woman can also show herself in all her glory.

In aviation there is even such a thing as “drunk charters.” It is most often applied to tourist flights to Turkey, Thailand, Egypt and the UAE.

The greatest danger is when there are groups of sports fans on board an aircraft. Mass conflicts with emotionally agitated people are more difficult to resolve.

Do not get involved in a conflict under any circumstances. Do not respond to provocations, especially if the person is drunk. Watch your movements and the tone of your voice. Any sharp wave of the hand or shout can become a trigger for the rowdy, and he will go on the attack. If you witness a fight, call a flight attendant and remain calm.

There are specially trained marshals on board foreign airlines. They are the ones who are engaged in pacifying aggressive passengers. There is no such practice in Russia yet. However, an innovation was the training of flight personnel in some self-defense techniques. They consist in the ability to calm him down quickly, effectively, and most importantly, in a non-traumatic way for the rowdy person.

You should be aware that punishment for such behavior may include either forcibly removing a passenger from the plane and adding him to the “black” list, or issuing a fine and arrest.

Actions to take when an airplane is hijacked by terrorists

The hijacking of an airliner is an extremely rare event, so there is no need to worry too much about it. However, such situations have happened in the history of aviation, and repetitions cannot be guaranteed to be excluded. Let's look at the basic recommendations that can save your life if the plane is hijacked.

Do not panic. Try not to interfere, no matter what happens. Don't get up from your chair, stop your neighbors from taking such a rash step.
Do not contradict the invaders, do not ask them questions, and generally remain silent until you are asked. If you are contacted, do not ignore it.
Even if you are confident that you can cope with the terrorist, do not take risks. It is quite possible that he is not alone. In addition, he may have an explosive under his clothes, and your attempt to save everyone may destroy everyone.
Do not respond to possible insults or mockery from criminals
Try to behave quietly and inconspicuously, do not communicate with neighboring passengers. Don't try to use the phone. All this can provoke aggression in the invaders.
The best action when hijacking an airplane is to submit and accept the situation.
The only thing you need to do is, if possible, remember all the conversations of the criminals, the timbre of their voice, their appearance, clothing, and demeanor.
In an attempt to relax or calm down, do not resort to drinking alcohol. Do not react to crying children, rather help calm them down.
Do not stand up for crew members or show dissatisfaction with their decisions or actions. Always follow the instructions received from the pilots, even if you categorically disagree with them.
Do not collude with terrorists, do not believe their promises. They can use anything to achieve their goals.
Think about yourself, but don’t forget that there are children and elderly people in the cabin with you. Behave in such a way that you won’t feel ashamed later.
If you witness how one of the passengers or crew members was able to secretly leave the plane, do not change your behavior. Don’t draw anyone’s attention to this fact, don’t tell anyone about it.
If you feel unwell or need to take any medication, please notify the criminals.

Remember that if negotiations between the intelligence services and the hijackers are unsuccessful, the plane will most likely be hijacked by law enforcement officers. In this case, you should fall down or hide behind the backs of the chairs. Don't run around the cabin. You may get caught in the crossfire.

If you receive an order to leave the aircraft, do so quickly. Do not search or collect your belongings. Be psychologically prepared to be interviewed. Try to pull yourself together and answer all the questions as accurately as possible.

Turbulence: behavior when entering an air pocket

When flying over a water surface or a populated area, displacements of air flows are possible, since the air in such places is heated unevenly. The plane can rise and fall several meters, causing slight shaking and pitching in the cabin.

Usually this phenomenon does not pose a great danger, but it can quite frighten passengers. It should be remembered that when passing through a turbulence zone, you must fasten your seat belt to avoid bruises and injuries.

All things must be well secured, otherwise during a strong shake they will fall on the seated passengers. When boarding and taking your seat, make sure that there are no heavy, sharp objects near or above you.

It is better to empty your clothing pockets of their contents; you should especially take out pens, keys, and lighters. You may accidentally bump into them and get injured.

Fire on an airplane: rules of conduct

Fire during flight can occur for various reasons. This can be caused by a breakdown on board, an unforeseen situation during landing or takeoff, or a short circuit in electrical equipment. In addition, passengers themselves are often the culprits in such a terrible and dangerous situation. Some people simply ignore the prohibitions on smoking on board and using open flames.

Actions in case of fire on an airplane include the following:

Before the flight, listen carefully to the flight attendant, who explains the location of not only the central entrances on board, but also where the emergency (emergency) exits are located.
Remember how far you are from the exit, count the seats so that you can navigate by touch in a smoky cabin.
If a fire occurs, do not try at all costs to get to the exit through which you boarded the plane. Almost all passengers will do this, and there will be a crush. Remember about emergency exits; most often there are very few people there.
There is only 1.5-2 minutes to escape from a burning plane. Don't linger at the inflated ramp. There is no need to squat down and slide away quietly. Just jump on it.
Get rid of all flammable clothing. This is especially true for girls. Leggings and nylon tights will need to be removed to avoid severe burns.
Also remove high-heeled shoes to avoid dislocations, injury to other passengers and damage to the emergency slide. Hold it in your hands so that you can quickly put on your shoes once you’re on the ground.
Cover exposed areas of skin with thick fabric made from natural materials.
Protect your head and respiratory tract from combustion products. In cases of heavy smoke, you must bend down to the floor or crawl towards the exit.
Do not open hatches yourself. This action can intensify the flame.

If a fire occurs during a flight, you should prepare for a hard landing. Small fires can be dealt with using those available on board. Remember that flight attendants and crew are doing everything to save passengers and the aircraft, so do not ignore their instructions, do not panic or interfere with their work.

Depressurization on an airplane: what to do to survive

The loss of airtightness of an aircraft under the influence of internal or external factors is called depressurization. In this situation, decompression is extremely dangerous. It represents a sharp drop in air pressure in the cabin. At the same time, it can be extremely fast, accompanied by loud noise and the sound of air escaping from the cabin, and slow, when its signs are detected only when hypoxia occurs.

When depressurizing on an airplane, actions must be clear and quick, since the loss of even a few minutes can cost you your life. This situation often leads to accidents in which no one can survive. However, modern aircraft provide a security system that can help passengers even in such a seemingly hopeless situation.

Fasten your seat belts. They will be able to hold you in the seat, and you will not be carried away by the air flow from the cabin.
Put on an oxygen mask immediately. A common mistake is to apply the mask to your face and hold it with your hand. With any strong shaking or deterioration in health, the mask will fall out and you will suffocate.
First of all, take care of yourself, then help your loved ones, loved ones and neighbors.
Don't get up from your seat. Group yourself as the instructions say.

The mask will allow you to breathe normally for 15 minutes. This time may be enough for pilots to lower the board to an altitude of 3 km, at which the air is not so thin. In this case, people will be able to breathe on their own without causing severe harm to their health.

Emergency on an airplane during takeoff or landing

In this case, you should follow the instructions of the flight attendants. Fasten the seat belts and adjust them to your weight. It is correct that they are at the level of the hips, and not on the stomach, and fit snugly to the body.

Take the following pose:

cross your arms and rest them on the back of the next chair, or you can rest your elbows;
put your head in your hands and cover it with your palms;
rest your feet on the floor;
tense all your muscles.

Any accessories around the neck can be dangerous. It is recommended to remove chains, scarves, and ties before the flight. When hitting, lean forward and down a little. Do not get out of your seat or unfasten your seat belt until the aircraft comes to a final stop. The first blow is often followed by more shocks that have much greater destructive power.

When stopped, an evacuation will be announced. Inflatable ladders are stretched at all exits, including emergency ones. It is necessary to act quickly, as an accident may be accompanied by fire and explosion.

After leaving the plane, move to a safe distance. Do not disturb other passengers and emergency personnel.

General rules for emergency landing of an airplane

In the event of an emergency on board an aircraft, an emergency landing may be necessary, even if the flight is over water.

In this case, the pilots will try to land the aircraft so that it remains on the surface as long as possible. With a horizontal soft landing, the plane will remain afloat for 30-40 minutes.

The aviation safety system for such cases provides for the presence on board of individual (life jackets) and collective life-saving equipment (inflatable raft). Vests are located under each seat.

If the flight will take place over water for a long time, then before takeoff, instructions on the correct use of vests must be provided. Usually it should be worn over the head. Dress in layers of warm clothing in advance. Adjust the size using special straps. Don't inflate it until you get out of the plane. Once in the water, use a whistle and flashlight to attract rescuers.

A raft for collective rescue, as a rule, begins to inflate on its own when it comes into contact with water. If this does not happen, use the special lever on the side of the raft.

Photos of complete instructions are available by clicking the "DOWNLOAD" button

24.03.2013

Preparing for an emergency landing

If an emergency occurs during flight, the crew may decide to make an emergency landing. When preparing it, you must immediately clear the aisles and take your seats in your chairs, the backs of which should be brought to a vertical position. In addition, it is necessary to remove glasses, dentures, remove sharp objects (pens, knives, lighters) from inside pockets, remove high-heeled shoes, loosen your tie and unbutton your collar. After this, put soft things on your knees to protect your head and torso, fasten and tighten the seat belts tightly. At the command of the flight attendant “Attention landing!” You should lean forward, cover your head with soft things and place it on your hands, with which you clasp your knees. You need to remain in this position until the plane comes to a complete stop.

Evacuation on land

After the plane stops, you need to unfasten your seat belts and prepare for evacuation. For emergency exit of the aircraft by passengers and crew, all main and emergency doors, as well as emergency exits, located, as a rule, on the left and right sides of the fuselage are used. Passenger exits, approaches and opening means are clearly marked to facilitate their identification. All inscriptions are illuminated from the inside, regardless of the main lighting system. The design of emergency hatches and their locks with handles is made simple, noticeable and does not require much effort to open. Instructions for opening them are printed on the doors (hatches). In the areas where emergency exits are located on the wing, the passages between the seats are wider than elsewhere and do not interfere with the opening of the hatches and the exit of passengers.

When leaving your seat, you do not need to take any baggage taken on board as hand luggage with you. This is for safety reasons, as it is likely that some items in your bag will have sharp corners and edges. This may cause damage and deflation of the inflatable escape ladder, which in turn will lead to injury and possibly death to passengers waiting in line for evacuation.

When leaving the plane through the exit with the ladder extended and inflated, you need to jump onto it without stopping, and not sit on the edge and then slide down. Only by jumping can an increase in evacuation speed be achieved.

it is necessary to wear a coat or jacket made of materials that are difficult to ignite and difficult to melt;
High-heeled shoes should be avoided, but if they are worn, and during evacuation you will have to use an inflatable rescue ladder, you must remove them when leaving the plane;
During every takeoff and landing, you must ensure that the seat belt is tightly taut at your hips;
you need to remember what fixed position you need to take during an emergency landing; it is necessary to monitor what is happening outside the aircraft; if everything indicates that an accident is inevitable, it is necessary to take the necessary position;
You need to know where the exits are located on the plane and how they open.

Evacuation to water

An emergency landing can be made on a water surface. In this situation, inflatable boats with emergency supplies of food, drinking water, medicine, and alarm systems are used to rescue people.

A forced landing of an airplane on water is rare. Before sinking, the plane can float from 10 to 40 minutes. However, if the fuselage is damaged, this time is significantly shorter.

Airplanes with engines located on the wings will float in a horizontal position, and those with two or more engines on the tail will float with the tail down.

During splashdown, which is always unexpected, there is practically no time for preparation. In one case, the plane can touch the surface so smoothly that it is unclear whether it landed or splashed down; in another, it can fall apart and quickly sink. Therefore, during splashdown, it is necessary to act on the command of the crew commander or flight attendant, i.e. put on a life jacket and inflate it, take it with you or put on warm clothes and go to the exit indicated by the flight attendant to board the life raft.

After a forced landing, life rafts are lowered into the water. The time to bring the raft into working condition is approximately 1 minute in summer and 3 minutes in winter. If the splashdown occurred in the cold season, you need to take more warm clothes on the raft. Don't forget to stock up on water and food. The raft comes with an emergency supply, which may not be enough if the voyage is long. The command of all passengers on the water is assumed by the captain of the aircraft crew.

Using oars and available objects, you need to move away from the place where the plane dives. After this, straighten and throw overboard a floating anchor, which will reduce the speed of the raft's drift downwind and will keep those escaping in the area of the accident.

According to analytical studies, a modern airplane is the most comfortable, fastest and, most importantly, safest form of transport. But despite the facts, many passengers are afraid to fly, because terrible disasters are very colorfully shown in feature films. Of course, even in air transport a technical malfunction can occur, resulting in an emergency landing of the aircraft, because any, even the most modern airliner, is, first of all, a means of transportation, that is, a technical development. However, if you analyze the statistics of accidents, it will become clear: when traveling by car, people get into car accidents much more often. A selection of emergency landings of aircraft on the Internet will help ensure that most often the experience and professionalism of pilots help to land aircraft safely and avoid casualties.

Every air transport passenger must first of all understand that, upon boarding an aircraft, he is required to strictly adhere to the instructions and rules of conduct, and be sure to take into account the recommendations and advice from the crew. It is these people who will control the flight and be responsible for its safety, and only they will be able to come to the rescue in an emergency to save the lives of everyone on board. Of course, emergency landings of passenger planes are rare, but if such a situation does arise, the entire crew must remain calm in order to prevent panic and find the strength to smile at the passengers to calm their worries. Therefore, all travelers should first of all respect the hard work of the aircraft crew and always listen to their advice.

Before air transport takes off, passengers are required to do the following:

turn off all mobile devices. According to experts, a working smartphone constantly receives and sends signals at high frequencies, which leads to a malfunction of navigation devices, and also creates interference on the wavelength used by the dispatch service and pilots;
Each passenger must place the back of their own seat in an upright position. If the backrest remains lowered, then in an emergency the passage of the passenger sitting behind will be blocked and he will not be able to leave his seat;
seat belts must be fastened, the folding table must be assembled;
It is recommended not to cover the porthole with curtains;
It is not permitted to use the entertainment system provided on the aircraft during takeoff and landing. If the passenger is wearing headphones, he may not hear the important message that the pilot will convey to all passengers.

Safety measures in case of an emergency

We've figured out the basic rules, now we need to figure out how to protect ourselves during an emergency landing of an airplane? It should be noted that it is simply impossible to predict the occurrence of an accident of this kind, therefore, when landing an air vehicle, you need to take some precautions that can save lives. So, in case of such an event, which is most often announced by the captain of the air transport, you need to do the following:

Remove all sharp and cutting objects from the pockets of your clothes. Adults must ensure that such items do not remain in the clothing of small passengers.
The seat belt must be properly fastened, the passenger must take a safe position - bending over, clasping his knees and bending his head as low as possible.
It is recommended to wear an oxygen mask and make sure it is securely fastened.
If you receive a message from the aircraft crew that an emergency landing is being made on water, you need to put on a life jacket as quickly as possible.
After the air transport lands, passengers, one by one, must go to the emergency exit hatch, turn the handle and lift the lid to open it.
There is a lifeline next to the escape hatch. The end of the rope must be thrown overboard.
Before exiting, you need to remove your shoes, socks and stockings, after which passengers must stick their feet into the hatch and gradually move out.
After the fabric gutter is stretched, you need to take turns sitting on the inflatable ladder and slide down without panic. When descending, you must not hold onto the edge of the ladder with your hand.

First of all, during an emergency landing of an aircraft, women and children, as well as passengers with disabilities, must be evacuated.

Taking into account the additional advice provided by experts, you can protect yourself and the passengers sitting next to you:

After an emergency landing, the current situation should be assessed. If you notice that the crew continues to control the airliner, under no circumstances should you get up from your seat and unfasten your seat belts. You need to wait for a message from the flight attendants while still in your seat;
If damage to the hull occurs during landing, you should go as quickly as possible to the place designated for emergency evacuation, without taking any things, no matter how valuable they may be. Sometimes in such a situation every second matters, so you need to accurately set your own priorities - first of all, saving your life, and only then the safety of your things;
Having gotten up from your seat, you need to bend down as low as possible and in this position move towards the emergency exit. If a fire is raging inside the cabin, you should navigate by the light bulbs on the floor or count the rows when moving to the evacuation site.

How to Increase Your Chances of Survival in a Plane Emergency Landing

The technique for performing a landing with properly functioning helicopter engines and systems is no different from landing on a functioning helicopter.

Depending on the conditions and landing location (airfield or site), the type of landing (running or helicopter) is selected.

The technique for performing a landing with one or two failed (switched off) engines is described in paragraph 6.6. and 6.7. of this section.

EVACUATION OF PEOPLE TRANSPORTED AND LEAVING THE HELICOPTER BY CREW MEMBERS.

PIC actions:

Give the command to the vehicle to turn off the engines using the stop valves, close the fire valves, remove the emergency radio station and emergency radio beacon (if available);

Assess the situation and position of the helicopter, manage the evacuation

transported people, crew members;

Leave the helicopter after completing the evacuation of people and other members

Provide first aid to victims;

Take measures to establish contact with the nearest airfield when landing outside the airfield and report on the consequences of the landing, landing coordinates.

WARNING. ALL CREW MEMBERS ARE PROHIBITED FROM RETURNING THE HELICOPTER UNTIL IT IS CERTAIN THAT A FIRE OR EXPLOSION IS NOT POSSIBLE.

Co-pilot actions:

If the doors to the cargo compartment are not open, leave the helicopter through your blister;

Take part in the evacuation of transported people;

Provide first aid to victims.

Flight mechanic actions:

At the command of the PIC, set the stop valves to the closed position

(turn off engines), close fire hydrants;

De-energize the helicopter, turn off the batteries;

Proceed with the evacuation of transported people through the cargo compartment door or through emergency hatches;

After complete evacuation of the transported people, leave the helicopter;

Provide assistance to the victims.

EMERGENCY DROPPING.

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS.

Before flying over water, people on board ,

must study the rules for using the rescue equipment available on the helicopter in the event of an emergency splashdown.

Each crew member must be fully aware of their duties when

leaving the helicopter on the water.

The main task of the crew, in the event of an emergency splashdown, is

ensuring the safety of evacuation of people and crew.

The pilot-in-command of a helicopter flying over water must be trained in emergency exit from the cockpit when the helicopter is submerged in water.

All helicopter crew members must be trained to use

individual and group rescue craft, as well as the evacuation of people.

Before an emergency splashdown, the crew must:

Immediately report to the ATC service about the upcoming splashdown;

With the engines running, perform an emergency descent to hover at a height of 0.5-1 m, and if there is an emergency splashdown system, land on water;

After hovering (landing), ensure rapid evacuation of people from the helicopter using available rescue equipment.

When flying over water, the helicopter must have:

Life jackets for each crew member and transported people;

- life rafts;

Emergency supplies of water and food, emergency radio communications and alarms.

NOTES:

1. When flying at a distance from the coast of no more than 25 km, only life jackets can be carried on board a helicopter for each crew member and people transported. Life jackets must be put on before the flight. A report to the ATC service should follow immediately after an emergency situation occurs on board, since in the future there may not be enough time for this.

2. If there is no B/P in the helicopter crew, its functions

assigned to B/M.

3. If there is a control system on the helicopter, depending on the available time, the PIC should address passengers based on the following standard text:

"Dear passengers!

The aircraft commander is addressing you. For technical reasons, we are facing a forced splashdown in about _____ minutes. There is life-saving equipment on board; Ground search and rescue services have been informed. Remain seated, remain calm, and strictly follow the instructions of the flight attendant and other crew members.

5-10 seconds before splashdown the command will follow: “attention, splashdown.”

4. Depending on the available time after receiving information about the upcoming emergency splashdown from the PIC, the B/P should address passengers based on the following standard text:

"Dear passengers!

The flight attendant speaks. I urge you to remain calm and ask you to do the following:

Immediately clear the aisles and take your seats in the chairs;

Loosen ties and unbutton collars;

Place dentures, glasses, sharp objects in your clothing pockets;

Place soft items in such a way that your head is protected;

Fasten and tighten the seat belts tightly, moving tightly towards the back of the chair;

At the command “Attention, splashdown”, group your body;

After a complete stop or hover of the helicopter, unfasten your seat belts and evacuate from the helicopter, following the instructions of the crew members.

CREW ACTIONS.

6.10.2.1. Expanded contents of the emergency control chart

"Crew actions before splashdown in the absence of an emergency system

splashdown".

*(1) DISTRESS signal, emergency lighting and EXIT sign –

turn on - pic.

*(2) To the ATC service about the emergency situation and the measures taken -

report - PIC, 2/P.

DISASTER. DISASTER. DISASTER.

I WILL BE MAKING A FORCED LANDING (the location is clear).

REASON FOR LANDING __________

FLIGHT MODE (course, altitude) __________________

HELP NEEDED (what kind) _________________

There are _______ PEOPLE ON BOARD.

*(3) Prepare for splashdown - PIC, 2/P, B/M, B/P.

The PIC instruct the B/M or B/P, if available, to check whether all people are wearing life jackets.

*(4) Blisters, hatches, doors, extruded windows - reset, internal doors - open, fix - PIC, 2/P, B/M, B/P.

B/M and B/P make sure that all transported people are in their seats and fastened, after resetting the front door, take their jobs and fasten their seat belts.

*(5) Descent and hovering - execute - PIC, 2/P.

PIC hover over water at a height of 0.5-1 m.

If possible, hover closer to the coastline.

*(6) Group life-saving equipment - activate - 2/P, B/M, B/P.

2/P, B/M and B/P go to the cargo (passenger) cabin, taking with you the emergency radio station and radio beacon (if available), drop group rescue craft (rafts), having previously secured their halyards to the structural elements of the helicopter, when the need to bring them into working position (unfold, turn over).

*(7) Evacuation of people - perform - 2/P, B/M, B/P.

2/P, B/M and B/P to ensure the transition of people in the helicopter to group rescue flotation devices, and in their absence, people leaving the helicopter with individual flotation devices on. PIC perform stable hover.

*(8) about the completion of the evacuation of the PIC - report - B/M, 2/P, B/P.

B/M, 2/P and B/P making sure that there are no

people, report to the PIC about the end of the evacuation.

*(9) The command B/M, 2/P, B/P to leave the helicopter is given by the PIC.

The PIC, having accepted the report from B/M, 2/P on the completion of the evacuation of people, give them the command to leave the helicopter.

*(10) About the completion of the evacuation of people, B/M, 2/P, B/P - make sure - PIC.

The PIC, through his blister, visually verify that people, B/M, 2/P, B/P are outside the helicopter.

*(11) Move the helicopter to a safe distance from the watercraft - PIC.

The PIC should move the helicopter, if possible, at a distance of 50-100 m away from people on the water.

Note. When the wind is over 3 m/s, it is recommended to move the helicopter away from people on the water against the wind (in the windward direction).

*(12) Helicopter - splashdown - PIC.

The PIC splash down the helicopter vertically with a right roll when the fuselage touches the water.

*(13) Engines - turn off - PIC.

The PIC switches off both engines using the shutdown valves when the fuselage touches the water.

The PIC leave the helicopter after stopping the NV.

WARNINGS:

1. In the event of a helicopter splashdown with one inoperative engine, it is necessary to act in accordance with the recommendations of section 6.7, to keep the helicopter afloat using the power of the operating engine up to emergency power.

2. In the case of splashdown with two inoperative engines, landing on water is performed in the self-rotating mode of the NV in accordance with the recommendations of section 6.6, with the minimum possible translational splashdown speed. In this case, the safe exit of the helicopter by people on board is NOT ENSURED.

6.10.2.2. Expanded contents of the emergency control chart

"Actions of the crew before splashdown of a helicopter equipped with a

emergency splashdown."

*(1) If the flight speed is less than 150 km/h, check with the PIC.

The PIC and 2/P must ensure that the flight speed according to the indicator

does not exceed 150 km/h.

*(2) FLOAT INFLATING switch – turn on – PIC.

When flying over water, the PIC turn on the switch

INFLATING FLOATS on the left throttle lever and check the filling of the floats by the INFLATING FLOATS display lighting up, visually and according to report 2/P. 2/P visually verify that the starboard floats are filled and report to the PIC about their filling.

*(3) DISTRESS signal, emergency lighting and EXIT sign –

turn on - pic.

*(4) To the ATC service about the emergency situation and the measures taken -

report - PIC, 2/P.

The PIC or at his command 2/P inform the ATC service about the emergency situation in accordance with the standard text:

DISASTER. DISASTER. DISASTER.

I (helicopter type, call sign or tail number),

I AM MAKING A FORCED LANDING (the location is clear),

REASON FOR LANDING ______________

FLIGHT MODE (course, altitude) _________________

HELP NEEDED (what kind) _______________

There are ______ PERSON ON BOARD.

*(5) Windshield wipers - turn on - PIC, 2/P.

PIC and 2/P, or at the command of PIC B/M, turn on the windshield wipers.

*(6) Prepare for splashdown - PIC, 2/P, B/M, B/P.

PIC instruct B/M or B/P, if available , check that all people are wearing life jackets and that all people being transported are in their seats and wearing seat belts.

*(7) Descent and landing on water - perform - PIC, 2/P.

The PIC perform a descent and landing on water against, if possible,

wind, with the minimum possible translational and vertical

speeds (preferably vertical decline) along the wave front, closer to the coastline.

*(8) Engines - turn off – PIC, B/M.

The PIC or, at his command, set the shutdown valves to the closed position, close the fire valves and turn off all fuel pumps.

*(9) Blisters, hatches, doors, extruded windows - reset, internal doors - open, fix - PIC, 2/P, B/M, B/P.

All crew members at their workplaces must remove blisters, hatch covers, and the entrance door. If there are windows that can be squeezed out, use the handle located near the window to pull out the fixing profile and push the window out. Open and lock in the open position the doors to the cockpit and, if equipped, to the passenger compartment. B/M and B/P make sure that all transported people are in their seats and fastened, after resetting the front door, take their jobs and fasten their seat belts.

*(10) Group life-saving appliances –

put into action - PIC, 2/P, B/M, B/P.

PIC, 2/P, B/M and B/P go to the cargo (passenger) cabin, taking with you the emergency radio station and radio beacon (if available), activate the group rescue craft (rafts), having previously secured their halyards to the elements helicopter structures, if necessary, bring them into working position (unfold, turn over).

*(11) Evacuation of people - to be carried out by PIC, 2/P, B/M, B/P.

PIC, 2/P, B/M and B/P ensure the transition of people in the helicopter to group rescue flotation devices, and in their absence, people leaving the helicopter with individual flotation devices on.

*(12) Report on completion of the evacuation of the PIC - B/M, 2/P, B/P.

B/M, 2/P and B/P, having made sure that there are no people left on board the helicopter, report to the PIC about the completion of the evacuation.

*(13) Upon completion of the evacuation of people, B/M, 2/P, B/P - make sure - PIC.

The PIC make sure that people, B/M, 2/P, B/P are outside the helicopter.

*(14) Helicopter - leave - PIC.

The PIC leave the helicopter, if possible de-energizing it by turning off the batteries,

WARNINGS:

1. IN CASES WHEN AN EMERGENCY DROPPING IS CARRIED OUT

IN THE IMMEDIATE PROXIMITY OF THE COASTLINE, OR THIRD-PARTY LIFE-SAVING EQUIPMENT (SHIP, MBU, ETC.), TAXIING ON THE WATER SURFACE IS ALLOWED IF THIS WILL LEAD TO A SAFE ESCAPE OF THE HELICOPTER BY PASSENGERS. THE STEERING SPEED SHOULD BE SELECTED DEPENDING ON THE CONDITION OF THE WATER SURFACE (COLORITY) AND THE BEHAVIOR OF THE FLOATS, PROPOSED TO LOSS OF SHAPE AND TURNING UP, WHEN SPEED IS EXCEEDED 15 KM/H.

OTHERWISE, STEERING SHOULD BE AVOIDED.

2. INFLATED FRONT FLOATS DISTORT THE SPEED INDICATORS, SO WHEN BRAKING THE HELICOPTER BEFORE FLOWING, THE PASSAGE OF A SPEED OF 40-30 KM/H SHOULD BE CONTROLLED FOR THE APPEARANCE OF A “SHAKE” MODE.

3. WHEN EMERGENCY DROPPING AT NIGHT USING HEADLIGHTS, IT SHOULD BE borne in mind that the water surface begins to be visible from a height of about 30 m, and at heights of less than 20 m due to the reflection of light by a shroud of splashes raised by the air flow. FROM NV, A LIGHT SCREEN ARISES, WHICH DECREASES VISIBILITY FROM THE COCKPIT.

IN THIS CASE, THE DIRECTION OF THE HEADLIGHTS SHOULD BE HOLDED

INSIDE THE LIGHT SCREEN (CLOSER TO THE HELICOPTER) IN THE AREA WHERE THE WATER SURFACE IS VISIBLE.

Related information.

(Diagram 60) remember that the greatest danger on board is smoke, not fire. Breathe only through cotton or woolen items of clothing, if possible moistened with water. When making your way to the exit, move crouched down or on all fours, as there is less smoke at the bottom of the cabin. Protect exposed areas of the body from direct exposure to fire using existing clothing, blankets, etc.

After landing and stopping the plane, immediately head to the nearest exit, as there is a high probability of an explosion. If the passage is blocked, make your way through the chairs, lowering their backs. When evacuating, get rid of your hand luggage and avoid exiting through hatches near which there is an open fire or heavy smoke. After leaving the plane, move as far away from it as possible and lie on the ground, pressing your head with your hands - an explosion is possible.

Forced landing of a plane on water happens rarely. Before sinking, the plane can float from 10 to 40 minutes. However, if the fuselage is damaged, this time is significantly shorter.

Airplanes with engines on the wings will float in a horizontal position, while those with two or more engines on the tail will float tail-down.

During splashdown, which is always unexpected, there is practically no time for preparation. In one case, the plane can touch the surface so smoothly that it is unclear whether it landed or splashed down; in another, it can fall apart and quickly sink. Therefore, during splashdown, it is necessary to act on the command of the crew commander or flight attendant (Diagram 61), i.e. put on a life jacket and inflate it, take it with you or put on warm clothes and go to the exit indicated by the flight attendant to board the life raft.

Check your knowledge by checking your answers to the tests with the answers given at the end of the textbook.

36. How to leave the plane after an emergency landing through the exit with the ladder extended and inflated:

a) without stopping, jump onto the ramp and slide down;

b) without stopping, sit on the edge of the ladder and slide down;

c) stop in front of the ramp, sit on it and slide down. |

37. During an emergency landing of an aircraft, you must:

a) fold your hands on your stomach, bend over and tuck your legs;

b) put on a life jacket, rest your hands on the back of the front seat, and press your head between your knees;

c) bend over, tilt your head as low as possible and cover it with your hands, rest your feet on the back of the front seat.

38. You are flying on an airplane. The flight attendant reported a fire on board and an upcoming emergency landing. Your actions after an emergency landing, provided that the aircraft cabin is smoky, fire is visible in some places, and the passage to the emergency exit is not blocked:

a) immediately put on an oxygen mask, protect your body from burns and wait for rescuers;

b) protect yourself from burns by covering open areas of your body, bend down and crawl to the exit on all fours, covering your mouth and nose with a scarf or items of clothing soaked in liquid; Once overboard, quickly move away from the plane;

c) ask the flight attendant to bring a bottle of mineral water, make your way along the backs of your seats to the exit, pouring water on yourself as you go, once overboard, stand near the plane in case your help is needed.

39. The plane made an emergency landing on water. You need:

a) put on a life jacket and inflate it, take it with you or put on warm clothes, go to the exit to board the life raft;

b) take a life jacket and warm clothes with you, go to the exit, go down into the life raft, put on warm clothes and a life vest;

c) put on and inflate a life jacket, take a supply of food, go to the next cabin and wait for help from the flight attendant.

40. If there is a leak in the aircraft cabin, you must:

a) fasten your seat belt and cover your head with your hands and lean forward;

b) immediately put on an oxygen mask, fasten your seat belt and prepare for a rapid descent;

c) fasten your seat belt, help your neighbors fasten their seat belts, and put on an oxygen mask.

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Preparing for an emergency landing in case of a sudden accident. Emergency schedule Emergency landing position