Bannoye lake: the history of the name. Bannoye Lake (Yaktykul, Mauyzzy) Yakty-Kul Bathhouse Lake

Lake Bannoe is a medium-sized natural reservoir located in a picturesque mountainous area - on the territory of the Abzelilovsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan. It is the deepest lake in the region. Since 1965, it has been included in the list of hydrological natural monuments of regional significance.

Toponymy

• Other names: Yaktykul (original name), Mauyzzy (local).
• Origin of name: translated from Bashkir, the historical name "Yaҡtykul" means "bright lake". The hydronym "Bannoe" is rather everyday and has been used for the last 250 years - since the time of the Peasants' War led by Emelyan Pugachev. According to the legend, Pugachev ordered his troops to “banish” before the battle, that is, to wash in the waters of the lake, after which it received this name, which was then fixed, and is currently used on some maps. Mauyzzy - the third name of the lake - is associated with Turkic mythology and comes from the name of one of the mythical creatures, meaning "bottomless, insatiable." According to another version, this name could also come from "Mauyҙly kule" - "witch's lake".

Morphometry

• Catchment area: 36.3 km².
• Mirror area: 7.7 km².
• Volume: 81,700,000 m³.
• Average depth: 10.6 m
• Max Depth: 28 m

Hydrology

• The presence of a constant flow: is, waste.
• Source: Yangelka river.
• Bottom: predominantly pebble-stony, in some places sandy or silty.

Chemical composition

• Water: fresh.
• Class of water according to the composition of salts: hydrocarbonate-magnesium.

Geography

• Coordinates: 53°35′10″ N sh., 58°37′40″ E d.
• Height above sea level: 438 m
• Coastal landscape: the lake is located among low mountains, in places - open, in places overgrown with deciduous forests. From the southwest, it borders on the northern tip of the Karanyalik ridge (620.1 m). From the north, Lake Sabakty adjoins the reservoir, from the northeast - Mount Kutukai (664.1 m). Near the lake there are three more peaks - Ologor (530.2 m), Igandel (628.8 m) to the east of it, and Bagyshtau (565.5 m) - to the south. On the southern shore is the village of Yakty-Kul, the northwestern and northern shores are also built up - there are the villages of Zelenaya Polyana, Kusimovsky mine and several resorts.
• Settlements on the coast: Zelyonaya Polyana, Kusimovsky mine, Yakty-Kul

Territorial location

interactive map

Ichthyofauna

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• Artificial settlement: not all species of fish living in the reservoir are native. In the past, the lake was stocked with carp, as well as peled and whitefish, which took root and formed broodstock. Here, a local breed of whitefish (a hybrid of Chud and Ladoga) was bred, which was called the “whitefish of Lake Bannoye”. It is worth mentioning the small southern stickleback. This small fish is not found in the latitude at which the lake is located. In the last century, it was launched into a reservoir, where it successfully acclimatized. It is not known what goals the fish breeders were guided by, because the size of the stickleback is extremely small - only 6 cm, and the taste is so-so. It is possible that it could have been hooked up by accident. The only thing this fish is good for is the production of feed flour. Also, according to some information, fat can be melted out of it, but it is a very valuable product with a lot of useful properties.
• Features of the ichthyofauna: the most abundant species in the lake are roach and perch. Bream and pike are slightly less densely distributed, whitefish and sterlet are found at great depths, and tench in places with a muddy bottom and developed aquatic vegetation. Other fish are quite rare.

Fishing is not allowed here

According to paragraph 30.1.1 of the Fishing Rules for the Volga-Caspian fishery basin, fishing on Lake Bannoe is completely prohibited at any time of the year, including from the shore. This ban has been in effect since 2017.

Recreation centers

In the vicinity of Lake Bannoye there are several recreation centers and sanatoriums, as well as a ski resort:

1. Village-resort "Rodina"- is located on the north-eastern coast, in the territory of the settlement Kusimovsky Rudnik.
2. Sanatorium "Yakty-Kul"- located on the southwestern coast, on the outskirts of the village of Yakty-Kul.
3. Children's Health and Education Center " mountain gorge» - located in the mountains - 4 km west of the lake.
4. Rest house "Birches" on the western shore of the lake.
5. Children's health center "Uralskie Zori" on the western shore of the lake.
6. Ski center "Metallurg - Magnitogorsk"- located on a mountain slope - a kilometer from the western shore of the lake.
7. Sanatorium "Jubilee"- is located on the northwestern coast, on the outskirts of the village of Zelenaya Polyana.

How to get there (get there)

Eastern coast (from Ufa)

• Coordinates:
• Distance from Ufa: 311 km.
• Drop option: any car.
• How to get to: in Ufa, you need to go to Salavat Yulaev Avenue and then move south - towards Orenburg, to the village of Bulgakovo (past the airport, the village of Urshak). After the village at the junction, you need to turn onto the right exit - towards Beloretsk, then continue moving to this city. Next to the restaurant complex "Stary Ochag" turn right - to Tashbulatovo, which should be passed, then - through the village of Geologorazvedka to the Kusimovsky mine, in which from the street. The embankment must turn onto the street. Victory and continue to move until the exit from the village. Soon the lake will appear to the right of the road.

East coast (from Chelyabinsk)

• Coordinates: 53°35′39″ N sh., 58°38′42″ E d.
• Distance from Chelyabinsk: 319 km.
• Drop option: any car.
• How to get to: from Chelyabinsk you should go towards Ufa. Near Malkovo, turn left - onto Uyskoye. Next - continue to move to this settlement and go around it along the bypass on the left, turning to Magnitogorsk, then you should move to this city (past Verkhneuralsk). Before Magnitogorsk, at the interchange, you should turn to Beloretsk and then continue moving in this direction until the sign for Tashbulatovo / Yakty-Kul, where you should turn (to the left). Further - as in the previous version.

East Coast (from Yekaterinburg)

• Coordinates: 53°35′39″ N sh., 58°38′42″ E d.
• Distance from Orenburg: 443 km.
• Drop option: any car.
• How to get to: from Orenburg you should go towards Orsk, after Kamennoozerny turn towards Chebenki/Saraktash. At Saraktash, turn left, then move to the border with Bashkiria. After a while there will be a small village with a cafe "Mayak" - after it you should turn right and continue moving in the direction of the city of Sibay. Before the village of Baymak, turn left - onto Temyasovo (the third exit at the roundabout), on the outskirts of the village - again to the left and move towards this village. Before Temyasovo turn right - to Sermenevo. Then in the village of Tirmen, turn right - to Askarovo, after which continue moving past Dautovo, Kuzhanovo and Abzelilovo to Tashtimerovo, where you turn left and follow the signs to Yakty-Kul, then you should pass this village, the lake will appear to the left of the road.

Photo

Photo 2. View of Lake Bannoe from one of the coastal peaks.

Photo 3. Shore of Lake Bannoye.

Photo 4. Water and the bottom of the lake in the coastal zone.

Photo 5. Sunset on the lake.

Lake Bannoe is one of the most famous and popular lakes in Bashkiria. In Bashkir, it is called Yaktykul - "bright lake", there is also the name Mauyzzy - "witch's lake".

The historical name of the lake is Yaktykul. Toponym Bannoye arose later. According to legend, during the Peasant War, Emelyan Pugachev ordered his army to wash in the water of the lake before the battle - and this is how the name arose.

As for the toponym Mauyzzy, it appeared from the name of the mythical creature of the Turkic peoples, the toponym was used in the meaning of “bottomless, insatiable”. There are also legends about a monster supposedly living in the lake.

This is the deepest lake in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The maximum depth reaches 28 meters, the average depth is 10.6 meters. Formed as a result of tectonic processes.

The area of ​​the lake is 7.7 km²; length - 4170 meters, average width - 1880 meters. The volume of water is 81.7 million m³, the catchment area is 36.3 km².

The water in the lake is fresh and clear.

The lake is surrounded by mountains: Kutukai (664 m), Karanyalik (620 m), spurs of the Yamankaya ridge. The banks are steep, sometimes steep.

The lake is flowing. Several streams flow into it, and the Yangelka River, the right tributary of the Ural River, flows out.

How to get to Lake Bannoe (Yaktykul)

The lake is located in the northern part of the Abzelilovsky district of Bashkiria, not far from the border with the Chelyabinsk region. The easiest way to get to the lake is from Beloretsk or Magnitogorsk along the highway connecting these cities, then turn off at the sign for Yakty-Kul. . The distance from Magnitogorsk to Bannoy is 45 km.

Do you know why one of the most beautiful lakes in the Southern Urals is called that way? This is our note.

Lake Bannoe is located in the middle part of the Bashkir Trans-Urals between the peaks of Kutukai (664 m), Karanyalyk (620 m) and the spurs of the Yamankaya ridge, 28 km. northeast of the village of Askarovo, the regional center of the Abzelilovsky district of Bashkortostan, 45 km north of Magnitogorsk.

The first names given locals lake - Mauzzi - "bottomless, insatiable" or Ajahali, which means "a lake in which a monster lives." This name was connected with a legend that originated among the people, and to this day chills the blood. Traditions that have come down to us from time immemorial tell that in ancient times the lake was surrounded by an impenetrable forest thicket, and hosted in it horrible monster, regularly disturbing the water in a huge pond. The animals were afraid to approach the shores of the lake for a drink - its owner was terrible in anger. Even the birds flying over the lake were drawn into the monster's womb.

Another well-known from the 16th century, the Bashkir, the name of the lake is Yakty-kul, from the Bashkir "yakty" - "bright". Thus, translated from the Bashkir - this is " Light Lake».

Popular rumor connects the emergence of the modern name of the lake - BANNOE - with Emelyan Pugachev. According to legend, in 1774 the Pugachev army stopped here to wash, arranged a kind of "bath day" The name "Bannoye" has been known in written sources since the beginning of the 18th century, it was under this name that the lake became known and popular with vacationers. However, the indigenous name has not disappeared either - on the southwestern coast there is a village called Yakty-Kul, and in all media and reference books in the Bashkir language the lake appears under its "true" name.

Emelyan Pugachev

HOW TO GET THERE, WHERE IS IT?

The lake can be reached by car or bus from Magnitogorsk, Sibay or Beloretsk. From Yekaterinburg and Chelyabinsk, you should go through Plast and Magnitogorsk. From Ufa - via Beloretsk. From Orsk and Orenburg - via Sibay. The roads, although not wide (usually one lane in each direction), are in excellent condition.

Bath Lake - Yakty-Kul - in the Trans-Urals

The Trans-Urals attract tourists with its original culture and rich history, but its main wealth is its extremely diverse natural landscapes. One of the main attractions is Lake Bannoe, or Yakty-Kul, in the Abzelilovsky district of the Republic of Belarus, 45 km northeast of the village. Askarovo, 208 km (in a straight line to the northwest) from Ufa, 45 km from Beloretsk and 42 km from Magnitogorsk.

Lake Yakty-Kul is located on the eastern foothills of the Krykty Range. The relief of the territory is an alternation of 3-4 rows of low ridges and flat-bottomed depressions, elongated from the southwest to the northeast. The latitudinal valleys of the Maly Kizil and Analyk rivers, as well as vast basins and depressions occupied by swamps and lakes, divide the ridges into small ridges. The general lowering of the relief occurs from north to south and from west to east. The absolute marks of the surface of the ridges in the north are 600-660 m, in the south 550-600 m. The largest peaks are the mountains Ologor (530.2 m), Bagyshtau (565.5 m), Kutukai (664.1 m). The slopes of the ridges are quite gentle and well exposed. Such a variety and uniqueness of the relief is of great importance for the organization of recreation. At the same time, the dissection of the relief, the features of formation, the significance and preservation of unique geological and geomorphological objects deserve special attention. In this area, there is a strong dissection of the relief, which is the basis of landscape diversity, increases the aesthetics and comfort of the area.

Three sisters. Trans-Urals. Photographer Nail Galeev (Ufa)

The hydrological network of the territory of the vicinity of Lake Yakty-Kul belongs to the basin of the Yangelka River, the main watercourse of the territory. Yangelka flows out of Lake Yakty-Kul and, flowing in a wide trough-like valley, often with a swampy bottom, flows 24 km to the south into Lake Chebarkul. In addition to a sparse river network, there are three lakes in the study area. The largest lake is Yakty-Kul with an area of ​​7.7 sq. km. It is located in the intermountain basin to the east of the Krykty ridge. The greatest depth of its basin reaches 28 m, with an average depth of 10.6 m.

In the intermountain tectonic basin, elongated in the meridional direction, 5 km south of Lake Yakty-Kul is Lake Karagaz-Yura (Nameless I), and even further about 1 km to the south is Lake Kholyuktkul (Nameless II). They are separated by a slight rise in relief. Both lakes are tectonic in origin. Since the lakes are far from settlements and places of cattle grazing, their pollution by people and animals is excluded. Sapropel (therapeutic freshwater mud) of these lakes meet all the requirements, both in nature and in sanitary terms. Sanatoriums "Yakty-Kul" and "Yubileiny" intensively use the resources of the lakes for medical and recreational purposes.

The climate of the study area, as well as the entire Bashkir Trans-Urals, is characterized by pronounced continentality. The main climate-forming factors are the amount of solar radiation, the circulation of air masses, the amount of precipitation, as well as the nature of the underlying surface. The bioclimatic indicators of the thermal regime of this territory are favorable for climatotherapy.

Seagull with fish. Trans-Urals. Photographer Nail Galeev (Ufa)

Botanically and geographically, the vicinity of Lake Yakty-Kul is part of the Sibay forest-steppe region of the ridge-small foothills of the eastern slope of the Southern Urals; birch forests are common here in combination with meadow and stony steppes.

The area of ​​the lake is 7.7 km²; length - 4170 m, average width - 1880 m; maximum depth 28 m, average - 10.6 m, water volume - 81.7 million m³, catchment area - 36.3 km². The lake is located in the middle part of the Bashkir Trans-Urals between the peaks of Kutukai (664 m), Karanyalyk (620 m) and the spurs of the Yamankaya ridge, 28 km northeast of the village of Askarovo, the regional center of the Abzelilovsky district of Bashkortostan, 45 km north of Magnitogorsk. The lake has a tectonic origin, is the deepest body of water not only within the Trans-Urals, but throughout Bashkiria. The water in the lake is fresh and clear. The shores are steep, sometimes steep, slightly gentle in the west. The Yangelka River, the right tributary of the Ural River, flows out of the lake.

Forest-steppe landscapes also prevail on the territory of Lake Yakty-Kul and its environs. The distribution of forest and steppe is uneven, due to vertical zonality and climatic factors. The most widespread are birch forests, which, as a result of logging and fires, have replaced light coniferous forests in most of the area. Birch forests are common on slopes of different exposures, preferring more or less developed soils. The herbage is dominated by typical boreal species: reed reed grass, cocksfoot, bramble, etc. In more humid habitats, the role of tall grasses increases: common bracken, white hellebore, meadowsweet. Aspen forests are similar to birch forests, but they occupy areas with more developed, rich and moist soils. Indigenous larch and pine forests are rare and are mostly preserved closer to the summit areas on coarse skeletal soils, where they compete with stony steppes. Often among them there are larch-old-timers over 200 years old.

Cloudy day gold. Trans-Urals. Photographer Nail Galeev (Ufa)

The flora of the territory is very rich, including about 33% of the higher vascular plants of the flora of the Republic of Belarus. The richness of the flora is due to the presence of a mountainous relief, a special biogeographical position of the region - Asian and European flora, steppes and forests meet here. Forest and meadow species predominate. A high occurrence of forest species in meadows is characteristic, and vice versa, meadow species in forests. This is an indicator of the great dynamism of the interaction of the forest-grassland system. The steppe flora is very rich, where 78 steppe and 73 meadow-steppe species grow. It is distinguished by a significant presence of Siberian, often relic species, which penetrated the Urals with the Pleistocene steppes. Many of them (cold wormwood, silk cinquefoil, prickly saxifrage) in Belarus are mostly distributed only on the eastern foothills of the Urals.

On the territory, the growth of 12 rare species included in the "Red Book of the Republic of Belarus" (2001) was revealed. Among them are 5 species from the "Red Book of the Russian Federation": thin-legged hard-leaved "feather grass, Zalessky's feather grass, real lady's slipper, Litvinov's rank. On the territory of the Yakty-Kul Lake region, a group of 6 relict species, mainly of Siberian origin, is represented: scythe onion, multi-stemmed peas, Siberian grains, Siberian phlox, prickly mountain grate, large-flowered foxglove. Among the endemic species, especially rare are: needle-leaved carnation, Iremel radiola. Animal world The territory of the lake is diverse, mainly Asian forms of animals dominate. Despite the influence of human economic activity, the species composition of animals is quite diverse. Relics are the whitefish of Lake Bannoye, the small southern stickleback, peled, and scoter. The whitefish appeared here as a result of natural hybridization of the Chud and Ladoga whitefish acclimatized in the 1930s. 20th century Whitefish maintain their numbers through natural spawning. Lesser southern stickleback, the only representative of the stickleback order, was discovered in the 1930s and 1940s. Academician L.S. Berg. Neither before nor after him, no one saw them in other lakes of Bashkiria.

Thus, Lake Yakty-Kul is characterized by the originality and uniqueness of its nature, therefore, it is necessary to establish a special regime for the operation of its environs and strictly observe it. Everyone who chooses the surroundings of Lake Yakty-Kul as a place of rest; there are ample opportunities to make exciting trips and excursions, the list and choice of which is large and varied.

Author I.F. Adelmurzin Natural prerequisites for the development of tourism in the vicinity of Lake Yakty-Kul // Organization of the territory: statics, dynamics, management: Proceedings of the VII All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference. - Ufa.

2016-02-22T16:35:06+05:00 lesovoz.77Domestic tourism RUSSIA Bashkiria, lake, South UralSauna Lake - Yakty-Kul - in the Trans-Urals Trans-Urals attracts tourists with its original culture, rich history, but its main wealth is its extremely diverse natural landscapes. One of the main attractions is Lake Bannoe, or Yakty-Kul, in the Abzelilovsky district of the Republic of Belarus, 45 km northeast of the village. Askarovo, 208 km (in a straight line to the northwest)...lesovoz.77 lesovoz antipkina-77 [email protected] Author TuJur

Hidden between the steep spurs of the mountains amazing beauty lake - Yakty-Kul. The purest, clear fresh water, crystal mountain air, amazing nature, a wonderful variety of plants and animals - for the extraordinary characteristics of Yakty-Kul and its environs are recognized as a natural monument and protected by the state. The location of the lake is the Republic of Bashkortostan.

Scientists cannot name the exact age of the lake, but along the banks of the reservoir, archaeologists have discovered sites of ancient people. Formed as a result of the bowing of the earth's crust, the lake has an area of ​​7.7 km². Its length is just over 4 km, width is about 2 km. Like any mountain reservoir, Yakty-Kul is distinguished by great depths, in some places reaching 30 m. The lake is “feeded” by mountain streams, because of this, the water in it is always cool. One river flows out of the reservoir - the nimble and nimble Yangelka.

Legends of Lake Yakty-Kul

This colorful place is shrouded in mystery. There are legends about the name of the reservoir. The lake has several names, which in different time he was praised. Some of the oldest that have come down to the present are Mauzdy and Ajakhaly. Mauzdy among the Turkic peoples is a formidable mythical creature, meaning "bottomless, insatiable." And Adjakhaly is a terrible monster, which, according to legend, once lived in a reservoir, disturbed the surface of the lake and scared the animals and desperate fishermen who dared to fish there to death.

Since the 16th century, the lake has been called Yakty-Kul, which means “bright lake” in Bashkir. Russians have a different name in everyday life - Bannoe. An interesting legend is connected with him. During the campaign led by Emelyan Pugachev, the rebellious army stopped for a halt in this place. Before an important battle, Pugachev ordered the soldiers to wash themselves thoroughly with clean lake water. In those ancient times, the process of ablution was called "bathing." Hence the second name of the lake. That is how it is indicated on the maps.

One of the most beautiful lakes in the Southern Urals, Yakty-Kul invariably attracts thousands of people. You can have a wonderful holiday all year round. In summer, everyone rushes to the beach, and in winter - to conquer the snow-covered mountain slopes. In this luxurious place with amazing nature and crystal water, rest houses and resort complexes are located. The Yakty-Kul sanatorium is especially popular. The climatic and mud clinic not only energizes and restores strength, but also relieves many ailments.

Throughout the Urals, the glory of the lake thunders as a wonderful fishing place. Fishing in Yakty-Kul is great. In addition to the originally inhabited species of fish, whitefish and stickleback were launched into the reservoir at the beginning of the last century, which took root perfectly. All lovers of "quiet hunting" note a huge number of very different fish in the lake, including very large ones - more than 2 kg - specimens, and an excellent bite. And a powerful fish population is one of the indicators of the ecological cleanliness of the area.