Cities and resorts in Brazil:

Salvador, State of Bahia

Salvador is the capital of the state of Bahia. It is by far the most colorful city of all cities in Brazil. If you find yourself in this place, in the future it will be much easier for you to understand the psychology of the Brazilians and many features of the national character. El Salvador is the key that will open the door to an amazing country for you. Only after visiting El Salvador, you can finally decide for yourself whether you like Brazil or not.

The spirit of those times when the city was the capital of the country still hovers here. Of course, the former grandeur is no longer here, but the atmosphere of the old colonial Brazil is felt on every street, in every house.

Rio de Janeiro was far from the first and by no means the last capital of Brazil. During its five hundred years of history, this Latin American state has managed to visit both a Portuguese colony, and the only independent European-style empire in the New World, and, of course, a coffee republic. Each of these periods symbolizes its strictly defined capital city. If Rio de Janeiro is essentially an imperial metropolis, Oscar Niemeyer's futuristic Brasilia is a republican-dictatorial mixture of a new era, then El Salvador is a cast of the good old colonial times. Brazil is so many-sided and diverse that it is very difficult to determine exactly which face is now true.

Location

El Salvador is located 1,447 km from Sao Paulo, 1,201 km from Rio de Janeiro (in a straight line).

How to get there:

The flight between El Salvador and Rio de Janeiro will be 1:50 hours. The trip by car (bus) will last 19 hours.
The flight between El Salvador and Sao Paulo will last 2 hours. Travel time by car 23 hours.

Climate: average annual temperature + 27ºC.

Currently, the economic life of the city is very diverse. El Salvador has an oil refinery, developed trade, including international. The city is an exporter of regional products - cocoa and tobacco. A shipbuilding factory opens in El Salvador. The tourist sector of the economy brings considerable income to the city.
City population - 2,714,119 people
Area - 706.799 sq. km.

What to do in the city

El Salvador was built on the high slope of the Gulf of All Saints. Therefore, both then and now there are two El Salvadors - the upper and lower cities. The upper city, or Cidade Alta, and especially its oldest quarter - Pelourinho, has always been considered the center of state, administrative and spiritual life. Here was the residence of the governor, located Cathedral and here lived the most famous aristocratic families of Brazil. The local baroque houses remain among the finest examples of aristocratic architecture in the New World. Today, everything here has been preserved exactly as it was in the 18th century.

Built a little later, the lower city, or Cidade Baixa, became the front line of defense of the entire state of Bahia and the residence of the lower classes. There were numerous markets and shopping arcades, docks, barracks and port facilities. But most importantly, a chain of well-fortified forts was built here. They made El Salvador almost impregnable to attack from the sea, because they stretched along the gold coast for many kilometers and were located in all strategically important places. Each of the fortresses covered a certain sector of the city and shot through the approaches to it. In addition, they also served as observation and signal stations.

The sights of the city include the historic quarter of Pelourinho, the old port of Barra, the Afro-Brazilian Museum, the Museum of Carlos Costa Pinto, the Museum of the Carmelite Order, the Museum of Abelardo Rodriguez, the Museum of Archeology and Ethnology, the Museum of Numismatics, the Cathedrals and Churches of the 18th century, the Baroque Church of Rosario of the 18th century , Church of Carmo 1700, Church of Señor do Bonfin of the 18th century, Church of the Carmelites of the 16th century, Church of St. Francis of 1703 with a huge old globe, Church of Santissimo Sacramento of the 18th century, Archbishop's palace built in 1715, opposite which there is a monument to the first archbishop of Brazil, Don Pedro Fernandez Sardinha, the 17th century Santa Casa de Misericordia church, the 1697 monastery and church of St. Teresa, the 16th century Nossa Señora da Graça church, the oldest church in Brazil, the home of Jorge Amado, the Goethe Art Institute, the San Marcelo Fort, building City Hall (the former headquarters of the colonial troops), the Rio Branco Palace (1919), Piazza da Se 1933, the Mercado Modelo market, which sells a variety of souvenirs and folk art.

Salvador is the birthplace of the Brazilian martial art of capoeira. This sport is even more popular here than football. There is a capoeira school in El Salvador on every street. On the squares of Pelourinho and near the Mercado Modelo every day you can see performances of capoeira masters.

In the vicinity of the city, the islands of Itaparica and Ilha de Mare are of interest. These are very beautiful corners of nature with lush vegetation and beautiful beaches. wealthy residents of El Salvador acquire country houses here. 120 km from Salvador lies Small town Cachoeira is the center of the Baroque in Brazil, with many churches.

El Salvador stretches along the coast of the ocean for a distance of 40 km. In total, there are more than 20 beaches in El Salvador and the city's environs. The most popular of them is Itapoa Beach, where there are several cafes with tables sheltered from the sun by umbrellas woven from straw. Coconut milk, freshly squeezed juices and fish dishes are served here. The ocean waters are calm here.

In the center of the city is the beach do Farol. Near this beach is Fort Santo Antonio, which now houses the Naval Museum. Built on the territory of the fort high tower- lighthouse (in Portuguese lighthouse - "farol"). The proximity to the lighthouse predetermined the name of the beach. Farol beach is not very convenient for swimming - there is always high excitement. El Salvadorans celebrate on Ondina Beach New Year and Carnival. Other beaches of the city - Ribeira, Pituba, Flamengo are also quite popular.

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Salvador Salvador- the third most populated city in Brazil, the former capital of the country, now - the capital of the state of Bahia. The city is known for its African-influenced cuisine, its music and architecture, and its most colorful carnivals, earning it the title of "capital of fun". The city is located on two levels. "Lower City" is at sea level, being shopping center Salvador, where saleswomen (mostly elderly women, Bahian women) in traditional white clothes sell a variety of coconut sweets. The "Upper City" houses government offices built in the colonial style, museums, churches and buildings of modern architecture. The city of Salvador is one of the historical centers of the development of Capoeira Angola, a traditional Brazilian wrestling-dance. Attractions The historic center of El Salvador is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. The city is a prime example of urban Portuguese architecture from the 16th century, with characteristic medieval streets and picturesque houses. The Portuguese brought here slaves, black Africans, and in the squares they still keep the old pillory as a symbol of the triumph of justice in the struggle for racial freedom. Until now, 80% of the population of the region are the descendants of black Africans. El Salvador was built on the high slope of the Gulf of All Saints. And therefore, both then and now, there are two El Salvadors - the upper and the lower. The upper city, or Cidade Alta, and especially its oldest quarter - Pelurino, has always been considered the center of state, administrative and spiritual life. Here was the residence of the governor, the cathedral is located and the most famous aristocratic families of Brazil lived right there. The local Baroque houses remain among the finest examples of such architecture in the New World. Today, everything here has been preserved exactly as it was in the 18th century. So anyone can easily see what a classic European colonial city of medium size looked like some three hundred years ago. If you want to get to know the real Brazil, the Brazil of the slave trade and the sugar boom, as well as the gold rush and the development of the Amazon, then skipping this place would be unforgivable stupidity. It is no coincidence that one of the founders of magical realism and a classic of Brazilian literature, Jorge Amado, set the dramatic action of most of his intricate stories in these streets. Jorge Amado, like no one else, knew what he was writing about, because here, in the very center of Pelurino, is his house, donated to him by the Brazilian government. True, he himself preferred to live away from the bustle of the city, but it was not by chance that he settled the unforgettable Donna Flor here, who perfectly represented the soul of a modern woman. Somewhere on the crooked streets, she met her two husbands - a dissolute Reveler and a decent doctor Teodoro. Only together they could give her complete physical and spiritual satisfaction. And here Donna Flor went to the sorceress, who performed the mysterious rites of the candoble. For many years, El Salvador has been considered the birthplace of this obscure religion, brought by slaves from Africa. Mixed with Christianity and Indian beliefs, she took on the most fantastic features. Built a little later, the lower city, or Cidade Baixa, became the front line of defense for all of Bahia and the residence of the lower classes and commoners. There were numerous markets and shopping arcades, docks, barracks and port facilities. But most importantly, a chain of well-fortified forts was built here. They made El Salvador almost impregnable to attack from the sea, because they stretched along the gold coast for many kilometers and were located in all strategically important places. Each of the fortresses covered a certain sector of the city and shot through the approaches to it. In addition, they also served as observation and signal stations. To overcome the 50 meters difference between the upper and lower cities, a special lift was built - Lacerda, which, unfortunately, our film crew did not manage to ride. As is usually the case, in such cases it was closed for repairs. Nevertheless, it is this lift that can be considered the very center of the modern city, since pedestrian roads diverge from it in all directions, both above and below, and it itself goes to the Rio Branco Palace - the most expressive and pompous building in El Salvador. For many years this building was the residence of the governor, was repeatedly rebuilt and, finally, turned into a museum of Brazilian statehood. It is believed that this was the first government building in Bahia. Salvador is by far the most colorful of all the capitals of Brazil. If you find yourself in this unusually colorful place, in the future it will be much easier for you to understand the psychology of Brazilian society and many of its features. El Salvador is the key that will open the door to an amazing country for you. Only after visiting El Salvador, you can finally decide for yourself whether you like Brazil or not.

If you think that the most dangerous and contrasting cities in Brazil are Sao Paulo and Rio, then you are wrong. The most contrasting is Salvador, which is located in an area where sugar cane has long been grown, Salvador is the capital of "Brazilian Africa" ​​in the state of Bahia. In the 18th century, Salvador was the capital of Brazil and the most prosperous region, where backgammon from Africa was brought to work in agriculture to supply sugar to Europe. Almost 100% of the population is black here, more than 3 million people live in the city, the contrasts are very impressive, 90% of the city are slums, the rest are luxurious new buildings and villas for Europeans, Europeans themselves began to leave the state since the 19th century, as cane exports to Europe stopped with the abolition of slavery and the establishment of sugar production from beets in Europe. The abandoned pitchforks of Europeans still stand in ruins in the very center of El Salvador, reminiscent of the golden age of slavery. El Salvador, like other provincial cities of Brazil, is engulfed in poverty, because the standard of living in Rio and Sao Paulo is generally an order of magnitude higher than in provincial Brazil. Tourists greatly spoil the mood and impressions of Brazil, namely the poverty of rural areas. As for El Salvador, the historical center is very beautiful with the charms of the colonial style, UNESCO even allocated money for the complete reconstruction of these territories, but the results are hardly visible, which is justified by the highest corruption, probably all the money was stolen, foreign investment in Brazil is going badly, according to the same reason, if in Ukraine foreign investments are plundered by half, then in Brazil they steal all the money without a trace.

Brazilian favelas are very different from our neglected Khrushchev houses, it’s hard to imagine life in Khrushchev houses without windows and a roof in Ukraine or Russia, because in the first winter the residents will freeze, but in Brazil you can safely live in any barn and hut all year round. Yes, and our Khrushchev houses look much better than the Brazilian ones, for example, in Kiev during the time of Yanukovych, many Khrushchev houses were repaired, metal-plastic windows were inserted for free, at least this applies to stairwells, of course, it’s hard to dream of such a thing today.

Real estate prices in the city of Salvador and other provincial cities in Brazil are very low, a three-room apartment in the city center in good condition can cost up to $ 10,000, for this money you can buy a big house. Brazil has relatively low electricity tariffs, as it is produced in abundance by hydroelectric power plants. Only today, residents of many cities are beginning to pay utility bills, before electricity was simply stolen, as there is still no civilized accounting system, which characterizes Brazil as a country with a low culture.

San Salvador da Bahia de Todu

Salvador is a picturesque city on the ocean, the capital of the state of Bahia and the capital of Brazil from 1549 to 1763. The location of El Salvador is interesting, it is divided into two parts, the lower and upper city, the lower city is the modern commercial part, and the upper one is the historical part with colonial architecture, government institutions, museums, churches and old squares that really look very old, and some of them are incredibly adorable. The upper and lower towns are connected by the Lacerda lift, built back in 1869 and later rebuilt in the Art Deco style, the lift carries up to 28,000 people a day, or up to one million a month.

The city is located in the Bay of All Saints, it is believed that it was from this bay that the development of all of South America began, and the city of El Salvador is the oldest city in the Western Hemisphere, today the capital of Brazilian Catholicism with the first Catholic church on the other side of the old world. According to the last census, 2,676,606 people live in El Salvador, making it the third city in Brazil after Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro.

The upper town of Cidade Alta is attractive for its old Pellorino quarter with a cathedral and chic villas, which were once home to the elite of Brazil, and today the homeless live in their ruins. A lot has been written about these streets by Jorge Amado, a classic of Brazilian literature, and here is the writer's house. The lower city has historically been settled by the poor mass of Salvadorans. The city was constantly attacked from the sea, the fighting took place on the poor and slaves, the rich were protected by heights.

Jobs in El Salvador

Salvador today is a tourist center, maritime transport node with a developed oil industry, engineering, construction and retail trade.

You can come to El Salvador by sea, where new ones arrive almost daily. cruise ships or land international airport named after Luis Eduardo Magalhaes. In 2012, the first metro line opened in El Salvador; until that moment, buses and minibuses had left the basis of transport.

Salvador attracts a large number of tourists, the city confidently bypasses Sao Paulo's 22 millionth and is in second place after Rio. Tourists are attracted by wide beaches, good cuisine, and a lot of architectural sights.

Surprisingly, Salvador is not a very popular place among tourists from Ukraine or Russia, and tourists very rarely come here at all, from Europe who, when visiting Brazil, are limited only to proud Rio, by the way, the Salvadorans themselves know little about Europe, but about countries such as Russia and Ukraine they don't know anything at all.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Living in El Salvador

In El Salvador, there are no immigrants from Russia or Ukraine at all, and the locals do not know English at all, moreover, they cannot even say hello in English, some basics are available in Spanish, since Spanish and Portuguese are related languages, in fact, tourists with taxi drivers can even don't try to speak English language, taxi drivers who ride Americans daily cannot even learn basic words. Local hotels can be modern in the down town with chic apartments and views of the beach and ocean, if you choose a hotel in the historic part of the city, guests will encounter very old antique furniture and problems with large insects that can make any night sleepless, the problem is not in sanitation, but in nature, Brazilian cockroaches, which are superior to ours in all respects, some of them fly, driving out cockroaches with sprays, it will not be possible to achieve a complete victory, since new individuals will soon begin to arrive again.

Crime and safety in El Salvador

In Salvador, as in other Brazilian cities high level crime, of course, you should not think that during the day gangs of armed criminals run around the city squares, however, by the appearance of the police and their number, it can be assumed that something is not calm here, El Salvador is not shrouded in barbed wire, like the cities of Honduras or Nicaragua, however you have to be careful when dealing with local residents especially the youth. Many guidebooks even advise tourists to wrap their camera in a bag to hide the equipment and not show that you are a tourist from distant countries. In El Salvador, tourists are advised to use a taxi rather than public transport, but many can successfully get, for example, from the airport to the city for only 3 reais.

Hotels and hotels where to stay in El Salvador

It is better to settle in the most the best hotels, although they are very expensive, very rich people can afford such housing, as you know, they can only be tourists from the USA or rich tourists from Russia, however, a trip to Brazil, as it were, hints at this, those who are used to relaxing in Turkey not to mention the Crimea, they cannot afford such a long trip.

Another advantage of El Salvador is its climate, here you can swim in the ocean all year round in the summer and in winter, but there are not many swimmers in the sea, since the waves are very powerful, for which you can play football on the beach.

locals

Salvadorans, and especially local women, are very colorful, many of them wear so-called colonial clothes, here you can recall the heroes of the series Slave Izaura.

Sights of Salvador

Among the main attractions of El Salvador, I would like to note the blue church Nossa Senhora do Rosario dos Pretos on the main square Praça da Sé, and opposite is the church - Catedral Basílica with chic interiors. There are Catholic churches in Brazil, here you can sit quietly on the benches, and, most importantly, the police will not yell at you and the security guards will closely monitor you, peace and quiet, on the contrary, pacifying concerts on weekends. But from the Lacerda ski lift you have a majestic view of the sea and the round fort of São Marcelo on an island near the coast. At the foot of the lift is the Mercado Modelo market, this is an old market for the slave trade, in the old days ships loaded with slaves sailed here, or rather those who could survive the journey from Africa, auctions were held in the cellars of the market, the slaves stood and waited for their further fate knee-deep in water.

Salvador seems to be surprisingly not a very crowded city, our tourists compare this wonderful city with the places where they themselves live, one has only to wonder why in such beautiful place there are very few people, even at noon on a Sunday afternoon it is empty here, when compared to some Rome or Paris, where there is no crowd at all.

13,815,000 inhabitants. The state is divided into 417 municipalities. The total area of ​​the state is 564,692 sq. km.

Area of ​​Salvador - 313 sq. km. El Salvador is the third most populated city in Brazil, after Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro.

The name Salvador means "Savior". The full name of the city is Sao Salvador da Bahia de Todos os Santos, or "Holy Savior of the Gulf of All Saints". This name was given by Portuguese explorers in 1501 when they reached this natural bay with blue water, sheltered from wind and waves. The name Bahia (bay) became the name of the state.

Salvador is a Brazilian city that most associate with relaxation, spontaneity, banquets and religiosity. African culture and ethnic heritage are more significant in El Salvador than in other cities in Brazil, and this gives the city an air of joy and charm. The Baianos (inhabitants of the state of Bahia) are proud to be black in their music and dances, in their rituals and decorations, in their food, beliefs and religiosity.

Pelo - as the inhabitants of El Salvador affectionately call pelourinho, located in the historical center of El Salvador. This area has been declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO and is the largest collection of different types of colonial architecture in Latin America.
Sidewalks, steep streets and public squares serve as constant stages for musical performances, and are the strongholds of Olodum, Ile-Aye, and the Sons of Ghandhi, an Afro group (a group of percussion instruments based on African rhythms) that attract crowds of spectators all year round, especially during carnival.

Founded in 1549 on a hill at the entrance to the Gulf of All Saints, Salvador was the first capital of Brazil. In 1763, when gold took the place of sugar cane and became the main product of Brazil, this status of the capital passed to Rio de Janeiro. But El Salvador still retains its luster from the years when it was the seat of the government of the colony, such as the Basilica Cathedral, an example of Portuguese architecture, where Father Antonio Vieira died in 1697.

Since that period, El Salvador has retained the seat of the first Catholic diocese in the country. The city has many temples and churches that are considered true architectural relics. Prominent among them is the church and convent of Saint Francis, one of the richest religious institutions in Brazil. The ancient baroque facade of the church, built in 1723, hides treasures inside, such as Portuguese frescoes that tell the legend of the birth of the Saint and his worldly merits.

Next to these buildings is the Church of the Third Testament of St. Francis, built in 1702, and a convent. The facade of the temple is designed in the Spanish Baroque style. On the roof are beautiful paintings painted by Franco Velasco in 1831. In the convent, one can observe tiled sculptural groups, created in 1729, which depict the marriage of Don João V's son, Infante Don José, in Lisbon before the 1755 earthquake.

However, the most popular church in Bahia is Senhor do Bonfim (Señora do Bonfin), where every year during the last two weeks of January, the people of the state in traditional costume wash the feet of the statue of the saint. The hill it sits on is decorated with white Portuguese tiles in 1772, a century after it was built. The facade of the church is made in the Rococo style.

There are also museums in El Salvador such as the Museum of Sacred Art and the Museum of Modern Art. Other landmarks in El Salvador are the Elevador Lacerda (four elevators that carry tens of thousands of people a day) that connect the Tome de Souza - the quarter in the Upper City - with the Cairu quarter in the Lower City, separated by a height of 72 meters and the Model Market, with more than 300 stalls selling Bahian handicrafts, as well as numerous restaurants and bars.

Salvador is the second most popular tourist destination in Brazil. Tourism is an important source of jobs and income. The tourism infrastructure in El Salvador is considered one of the most modern in Brazil, especially in terms of housing. The city provides accommodation to suit all tastes and standards, from youth hostels to international hotels. Civil engineering is one of the most important segments of this city, with many international (mainly from Spain, Portugal and England) and national companies operating in the city and coastal areas.

Camacari is one of the strategic economic micro-regions of El Salvador, in which industry is concentrated. The population is 220,495 as of 2007. It occupies an area of ​​759,802 km. The city is home to the factory of the American automaker Ford. The Ford EcoSport and Ford Fiesta models produced at this plant are intended for both the domestic market and for export to developing countries.

The backbone of Kamasari's economy is an industrial center that began operating in 1978. It was the first planned petrochemical complex built in the country. It is the largest industrial complex of its type in the southern hemisphere, with more than 60 companies in the chemical, petrochemical and other industries; such as automotive, pulp, non-ferrous metals, textiles, beverages and services. The income of this industrial complex is about 14 billion US dollars per year, and the annual VAT contribution for the state of Bahia is $ 700 million. More than 90% of tax revenues in Camacari come from this industrial complex. Employed 13,000 people directly and 20,000 people through contractors. The share of Camasari in the gross domestic product of the state of Bahia is more than 30%. The per capita income in El Salvador is R$8283 (2005).

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Salvador is the former capital of Brazil and a very colorful city. The former grandeur is no longer here, but the atmosphere of the old colonial Brazil can be felt literally on every corner. Of particular note is the original architecture of Salvador. It was greatly influenced by Portuguese and African culture, and the appearance of the city has not changed much since the 17th century. - practically no new buildings have been built in the historical center since then.

How to get there

You can fly from Moscow to Salvador via Frankfurt by S7, Aeroflot and Lufthansa. Only Condor flies from Frankfurt am Main to Salvador.

Search for flights to Rio de Janeiro (nearest airport to Salvador)

The beaches of Salvador

The beach line of Salvador has over 40 km. In total, there are about 20 equipped beaches, the most popular is Itapuã. The famous beach area of ​​Barra with the beach do Farol (do Farol). Here is the old fort of St. Anthony and a pretty lighthouse on the cape. Barra is followed by the districts of Ondina, Rio Vermelho and Amaralina. Other beaches of the city - Ribeira (Ribeira), Pituba (Pituba), Flamengo (Flamengo) are also quite popular.

In the vicinity of the city, the islands of Itaparica and Ilha de Maré are of interest - very beautiful corners of nature with beautiful beaches.

Salvador Hotels

There are many accommodation options in Salvador, ranging from luxury apartments to family apartments.

Entertainment and attractions of Salvador

Salvador is divided into upper and lower cities. The upper city, or Cidade Alta (Cidade alta), and first of all its oldest quarter - Pelourinho (Pelourinho), has always been considered the center of state, administrative and spiritual life. The very triangular Pelourinho Square (Pelu, as the locals call it) bears the name of the pillory where slaves were put up here. A couple of blocks away there are a couple of beautiful squares, built up with the best colonial architecture in the city. It is worth going to the cathedral and look at the tiled views of Lisbon.

Built somewhat later, the lower city, or Cidade Baixa, (Cidade baixa) is famous for a chain of well-fortified forts. To overcome the 50 meters difference between the upper and lower cities, a special lift was built - the Elevador Lacerda city lift. It is he who is considered the center of the city and goes to the Rio Branco Palace (Rio Branco) - the most pompous building in Salvador.

Costa Azul Park - the largest park in the city is located in the Costa Azul area. There is a football field, cycling paths, restaurants, bars, a theater that can accommodate 600 people and a beautiful 35-meter long bridge over the Kamaruzipe River connecting the park with Magaliaes Avenue.

The Garden of Lovers (Jardim dos Namorados) is located near Costa Azul Park. There is also something to do here: bars, restaurants, sports grounds.

Salvador is the birthplace of the Brazilian martial art of capoeira (capoeira). This sport is even more popular here than football. There is a capoeira school in Salvador on every street. In the Piazza Pelourinho and near the Mercado Modelo market, every day you can see the performances of capoeira masters.

Salvador

Museums of Salvador

The sights of the city include: the baroque church of the Rosario (Rosario), the church do Carmo (do Carmo), the church of Senhor do Bonfim (Senhor do Bonfim), the church of the Carmelite order of the 16th century, the church of St. Francis (São Francisco), the church of Santissimo -Sacramento (Santíssimo Sacramento), Palace of the Archbishop, Church of Santa Casa de Misericórdia (Santa Casa de Misericórdia), Monastery and Church of St. Teresa (Santa Teresa), House of Jorge Amado, Goethe Art Institute, Fort San Marcelo (Forte de São Marcelo), City Hall (the former headquarters of the colonial troops), Praça da Sé, Mercado Modelo market, which sells a variety of souvenirs and folk art.

Afro-Brazilian Museum (Museu Afro-Brasileiro), Museum of Carlos Costa Pinto (Museu Carlos Costa Pinto), Museum of the Order of the Carmelites, Museum of Abelardo Rodrigues (Museu Abelardo Rodrigues), Museum of Archeology and Ethnology (Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia) and the Museum of Numismatics ( Museu Numismatico).