1 Elk Island National Park. Elk Island is a national park near Moscow. Biological station in Losiny Ostrov park: an overview

The Losiny Ostrov Nature Park is the only national reserve in Russia, which is located within the metropolis, just 15 kilometers from the Kremlin.

A bit of history

The territory on which the Losiny Ostrov park is located today once belonged to the palace Taininskaya volost. Even Ivan the Terrible liked to hunt in these places. The name “Elk Island” was given to the park during the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich, who also loved hunting and set the hounds on moose here.

Already at the beginning of the 18th century, a forest guard was organized here. In large areas, deforestation, drainage of marshes, and road construction were carried out. Work was underway on laying coniferous trees. Shortly before the revolution, they wanted to turn Elk Island into a national park. The plans were not implemented - the World War began. Park "Elk Island" was able to acquire this status only in 1983.

general information

Today, this territory, 90% consisting of forests, occupies 116 square meters. kilometers. It includes three zones:

1. Specially protected. The area is 54 sq. km. The area is closed to the public.
2. For sports and walks, 31 sq. km.
3. The recreation area occupies 31 sq. km. and borders with residential areas of the capital.

And Yauza originate here. More than three ponds bring a pleasant variety to the "Elk Island". national park has a significant swampy area. The flat relief prevails here. The Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya ridge determines the north- and south-western wind rose above the forest.

Vegetable world

More than 60% of the vegetation is represented by deciduous trees, of which oak predominates. There are also birch groves. Linden is common. The rest of the forest is represented by pine, spruce and larch. Alekseevskaya Grove, located in the complex, is over 250 years old. Some of the pines in this grove are over 200 years old. Unique trees have been preserved thanks to the conservation regime. The grove is rightfully considered unique and adorns the “Elk Island”.

The park delights visitors with an abundance of herbaceous plants. Here grow lilies of the valley, bluebells, fuchs, marsh napkin and many others. At the same time, there are no representatives of the flora that are listed in the Red Book of Russia on the territory of the reserve.

Animal world

More than 40 species of mammals, 170 species of birds, 14 species of reptiles and amphibians inhabit Losiny Ostrov.

The park has become a haven for moose and wild boars, martens, hares and many others. The swampy meadows are inhabited by the hare, whose population is steadily declining due to the reduction of the range and the urban factor. More than 15 species of fish live in the waters of the Yauza.

Rest zone

There are always vacationers in the recreational part of the park, especially from the nearest residential areas. In the middle of the forest you can find numerous benches for rest, a clearing with a children's playground and a place for sports.

Sports equipment can be rented in the park. Excellent multi-kilometer trails attract cyclists, rollerbladers and joggers to Losiny Ostrov. The national park is a unique place for hiking. Here you can wander into the same as the one described in Russian fairy tales.

There is also a stable. Horse riding enthusiasts love Elk Island. The park is simply created for leisurely rides on horseback.

Walking along the trails, you can feed the squirrels. There are many animals here, and he is not afraid of people - he is ready to take food from his hand.

Winter gives a special charm to the reserve. Skiing through unspoilt forests and the freshest air make this place popular even in the winter cold. Ice skating enthusiasts can satisfy their impulse on the frozen mirror of one of the reservoirs.

The sanitary maintenance service of the reserve daily removes more than 2.5 hectares of the recreational area from various garbage, dead wood. Also, the consequences of illegal picnics and spontaneous dumps have to be eliminated. More attention is paid to places of the greatest concentration of people - playgrounds, reservoirs, popular walking routes. No matter how hard the sanitary services try, their work does not decrease. The situation can change only with the improvement of the quality of cultural education of citizens.

Attractions

The cultural and educational center "Russian life" is located in the estate of the forestry of the reserve. The expositions on display tell about the life of the Slavic people in the period of the 19th - 20th centuries. There is a large collection of folk toys made of clay.

Also exhibited here are archaeological artifacts found during excavations of burial mounds from the time of the Vyatichi. The place where these burials were discovered in 1989 was the Losiny Ostrov park. Photos of some items of the exhibition are presented below.

There is an elk station near the gamekeeper's site. Here you can not only see moose or wild boars - you can communicate with animals and feed them from your hands. Just walking in the park, it is problematic to meet an elk. He is a very sensitive animal and at the slightest noise moves away deep into the protected area.

Losiny Ostrov is one of the first national parks in Russia (along with Sochi), located on the territory of Moscow and the Moscow region (the urban district of Balashikha, the urban district of Korolev, the Shchelkovsky district and the urban settlement of Mytishchi, the Mytishchi municipal district).

The largest forest area in Moscow and the largest among the forests located within the city (Moscow part of the forest).

The total area of ​​the national park in 2001 was 116.215 km². The forest occupies 96.04 km² (83% of the territory), of which 30.77 km² (27%) are within the city of Moscow. The rest is occupied by water bodies - 1.69 km² (2%) and a swamp - 5.74 km² (5%). An additional 66.45 km² has been prepared for the expansion of the park.

The park is divided into three functional zones:

Specially Protected Zone 53.94 km² (47%);

Walking and sports area, 31.30 km² (27%), open to limited visits on designated routes;

Recreation area 29.81 km² (26%), open to the public.

It includes 6 forest parks: Yauzsky and Losinoostrovsky (located within Moscow), as well as Mytishinsky, Losinopogonny, Alekseevsky and Shchelkovsky near Moscow. Geographically, the park is located at the borders of the Meshcherskaya lowland and the southern spurs of the Klin-Dmitrov ridge, which is the watershed between the Moscow River and the Klyazma.

The terrain is a slightly hilly plain. The height above sea level ranges from 146 m (floodplain of the Yauza River) to 175 m. The relief is the flattest in the central part of the park. The most picturesque is the southwestern part of the park, where the terraces over the Yauza floodplain have rather steep slopes.

The sources of the Yauza and Pekhorka rivers are on the territory of the park. The natural channel of the Yauza was significantly destroyed during peat extraction in 1950-1970; the channel of the Pekhorka changed a lot during the construction of the Akulovskaya hydroelectric power station. On the territory of Losiny Ostrov, several small rivers and streams flow into the Yauza, including Ichka and Budaika.

History of the park

Losiny Ostrov has been known since 1406. From the 15th to the 17th centuries. the lands were part of the Taininskaya palace volost, the lands of which from ancient times served as hunting grounds for Russian princes and tsars. So, in 1564, Ivan IV hunted bears here.
In general, the reserve regime was maintained for Losiny Ostrov. In 1799, the forests were transferred to the department of the treasury and the first topographic survey was carried out; The forest is divided into quarters, the area of ​​each is equal to a square verst.
The first forestry was founded here in 1842, at the same time, the senior tax inspector Yegor Grimme and the junior tax inspector Nikolai Shelgunov completed the first forest ordering. According to its results, the dominance of spruce (67%) was noted in the forest fund, which was subsequently replaced by pine and birch.

In 1844, the forester Vasily Gershner laid the foundation for the creation of man-made forests in Losiny Ostrov. Active silvicultural work, mainly sowing and planting pine, has been carried out for 115 years. These plantings are still resistant to intense anthropogenic impact.

In the middle of the 19th century, the Losinoostrovskaya forest dacha (Pogonno-Losino-Ostrovskoye forestry) was organized, and a period of systematic forest management began.

The idea of ​​creating a national park back in 1912 was put forward by the head of the forestry collegiate adviser Sergey Vasilievich Dyakov. In 1934, Losiny Ostrov was included in the 50-kilometer "green belt" around Moscow.

Alexey Savrasov. Moose Island in Sokolniki, 1869

Most of the forest was cut down during the Great Patriotic War. In 1979, by a joint decision of the Moscow City and Regional Councils of People's Deputies, Losiny Ostrov was transformed into a natural park, and on August 24, 1983, a national park was formed by a decision of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR.

In September 2006, Moscow Mayor Yu. Luzhkov sent a letter to the Government of Russia with a request to reduce the area of ​​the national park in Moscow by 150 hectares (it was planned to lay the Fourth Ring Road on this territory, as well as build a cottage village - "Ambassadorial Town"). It was proposed to compensate for these territories at the expense of the Gorensky Forest Park of the Balashikha Special Forestry (Moscow Region). In January 2007, the Russian government denied the Moscow mayor's request to change the boundaries of Losiny Ostrov.

The new Forest Code of the Russian Federation of 2006 (adopted in January 2007) transferred Moscow's Forest Park Protective Belt to a federal body, Mosleskhoz (a division of Rosleskhoz), which has a meager budget, while its officials are constantly caught selling forests for large bribes. Gradually, special forestry enterprises were liquidated, and the staff of foresters was disbanded. All this had extremely negative consequences: in fact, no one takes care of the forest, the trees get sick, the number of fires has greatly increased.

The composition of the park:

Alekseevsky forest park

Mytishchi Forest Park

Yauza forest park

Losinoostrovsky forest park

Losino-Popogonny forest park

Shchelkovsky forest park.

Borders and illegal development

On December 14, 2009, the Arbitration Court of the Moscow Region, at the request of the regional prosecutor's office, ruled that the master plan of the Balashikha urban district, where the boundaries of the Losiny Ostrov National Park were incorrectly displayed, was declared partially invalid. The Federal Arbitration Court of the Moscow District upheld this decision.

The developed general plan of the urban district of Balashikha, approved by the Council of Deputies and personally by the head of the urban district V. G. Samodelov in December 2005, contained unreliable information about the boundaries of the National Park and partially provided for its development. The boundary of the park indicated on the plan receded from the established boundary in some areas up to 400 meters.

Thus, in violation of the current legislation, the document was not submitted to the Department of Rosprirodnadzor for the Central Federal District and was not approved and was adopted in violation of the Federal Law "On Specially Protected Natural Territories".
This law provides that the issues of socio-economic activity of economic entities, as well as development projects settlements located in the territories of the respective national parks, and their protected zones are coordinated with the federal executive authorities.

“During the construction of a new Shchitnikovo microdistrict in August 2008, the developer Kifo-N Construction Company arbitrarily fenced off a land plot located in the 49th quarter of the Alekseevsky forest park and carried out work on arranging a foundation pit and a trench.
As a result, the soil was damaged on an area of ​​3764 sq. meters and destroyed forest crops on an area of ​​1 ha. The damage amounted to over 62 million 792 thousand rubles,” the Prosecutor General’s Office stated.

On the fact of illegal felling of trees with unauthorized seizure of the territory, a criminal case was initiated, which is being investigated by the investigative department at the Internal Affairs Directorate for the urban district of Balashikha.

Flora and fauna

The national park is located in the subzone of broad-leaved spruce forests of the Valdai-Onega sub-province of the North European taiga province of the Eurasian taiga region. More than 500 species of vascular plants grow in Losiny Ostrov, including 32 tree species and 37 shrub species.
Forest-forming tree species are birch (46% of the forested area), pine (22%), spruce (16%), linden (13%), oak (3%). The share of other breeds is insignificant. Species of herbaceous plants classified as rare and subject to protection on the territory of Moscow and the Moscow region are widely represented (common wolfberry, lily of the valley, European bathing suit, peach-leaved bell, nettle-leaved bell, green-flowered lyubka, two-leaved lyubka, real nesting, etc.) Here is the only place in the near Moscow region, where the noble liverwort naturally grows.

The fauna includes more than 230 species of vertebrates, including more than 160 species of birds, 38 species of mammals; 15 species are represented by fish, 10 by amphibians and 5 by reptiles.
According to the information of the employees of the maintenance and improvement service of the national park, at the beginning of 2013, 70 elk, 300 spotted deer, 200 wild boars, 300 hares lived on the territory of Losiny Ostrov; there are also foxes, American minks, raccoon dogs, squirrels, hazel dormouse, beavers, muskrats, bank voles, wood mice, goshawks, white-tailed eagles, and many others.

Extermination of fauna by stray dogs

At the beginning of the 21st century, wild fauna is exterminated by packs of stray dogs living in the park. According to the Izvestia newspaper, packs of 10 to 15 dogs in the park hunt young boars and deer, repelling them from their parents, ruin ground bird nests, catch squirrels, ermines, ferrets and other animals.
The Jaeger Service conducts a systematic shooting of stray dogs. According to the editor-in-chief of the Red Book of Moscow, Boris Samoilov, stray dogs have almost completely destroyed the spotted deer in the park.

The deputy director of the national park, Vladimir Sobolev, reported in 2009 that there were 5 incidents in the previous winter associated with the death of animals as a result of attacks by dog ​​packs: deer, elk and wild boar were killed.

According to the Moskovia newspaper, which refers to the employees of the national park, 17 Far Eastern deer were brought to the protected part of Losinoy Ostrov in the 1960s.
At the beginning of the 21st century, the herd numbered about 200 individuals. However, since 2005, employees began to find gnawed skeletons of deer, which were the victims of attacks by stray dogs. Only in one winter of 2008 - 2009, 17 deer died as a result of attacks by dogs, which is about 10% of the herd, the publication claims.

Researcher at the Institute of Problems of Ecology and Evolution. A. N. Severtsov of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ecologist Andrei Poyarkov expressed the opinion that the reasons for the decline in the population of wild animals lie in the human factor. In his opinion, information about the cruelty of stray animals is exaggerated: (inaccessible link)

“ Stray dogs do not kill any fallow deer and spotted deer. For 20 years now, deer have not appeared in the city. Until recently, they were fed near Abramtsevo, but then the animals were taken deeper into the region. The reason is the Moscow Ring Road and poachers. As for fallow deer, Muscovites themselves pitted them against guard dogs. A homeless dog will not attack such large animals. »

Elk Island National Park, located in the north-east of Moscow and the Moscow region, is an ideal place for those lovers of the forest and fresh air who do not want to leave the city. Here there is a unique opportunity to be one on one with nature without leaving the metropolis. But it will not work here to cook a barbecue or bake potatoes on a fire, the territory of the park is strictly guarded.

Elk Island is a paradise for families with children, athletes and history buffs. It will also be good here for those who just want to relax, wander along the forest paths and be alone with themselves.

About the park

The territory of the park is more than 116 km2. The forest occupies about 80% of the total area, 25% of which are located on the territory of Moscow. Elk Island is one of the first national parks in our country. Reservoirs (ponds) occupy 2% of the territory, and 5% - swamps. Several rivers flow through the park. Yauza and Pekhorka originate here. There is also a tiny stream called Elk.

There are three zones in the park:

• Specially protected area, slightly less than half of the entire territory
• Walking and sports area
• Recreation area for mass visits.

Since one thousand four hundred and six, the territory of the current Losiny Island was part of the Taininskaya palace volost, the lands of which served as hunting grounds for Russian tsars and princes.

Since 1800, the first forest areas appeared here, the ordering of the territory began. And in 1937, Elk Island became part of the "green ring" around the capital.

In one thousand nine hundred and eighty-three, Elk Island became known as the National Park. In 2004, there was an attempt to reduce the area of ​​forest plantations for the construction of the fourth transport ring. Fortunately, this idea was not implemented.

What is remarkable about Losiny Ostrov Park

Connoisseurs of wildlife will find many rare plants on the territory of the reserve. You can also meet a variety of animals here. Moose Island is known for the fact that moose still live here, which sometimes come out on the roadways of the streets adjacent to the park.

Twenty years ago, spotted deer could be seen in areas designated for mass recreation. Now they have been taken deep into the regional part of the forest in order to avoid the extermination of these rare animals by poachers.

One of the favorite activities for families with children is hand-feeding squirrels. In the park, they are apparently invisible, they are not afraid of people, and they readily take nuts and seeds from their hands.

Elk Island was chosen by cyclists. Here they have expanse - a lot of wide and comfortable trails make it possible to ride through the forest without interference.

By the way, one of the main attractions of the park is the Paper Clearing. It was cut through in ancient times to transport timber, which was used to make paper.

Now it is a well-paved wide road that cuts through the forest from north to south, where in the summer you can ride a bike or rollerblade without fear of getting hit by a car. After all, the entry of vehicles into the park is strictly limited.

Elk Island has several playgrounds decorated with wooden figures of animals from favorite children's fairy tales. In general, figurines of animals carved from wood are constantly found in the park, in the most unexpected places: they stand along the paths, and some peek out from under the bushes. Kids are delighted to find a bear cub or a bunny made of wood not far from the path.

Ecological centers and excursions

In the northern part of the park (near Prokhodchikov Street) there is an equestrian club where you can rent a horse and ride through the forest along safe routes. Nearby is the Museum of Russian Life, the reserve of rare birds "Bird Garden" and a biostation.

Excursions are organized in the ecological and historical centers of the park, which include "Russian life", "Red pine", "Abramtsevo", "Tea drinking in Mytishchi", which will be of interest to children and adults. The main topics are history, Moscow studies, and ecology. For example, an excursion for children, which is called the "Path of Fairy Tales" passes through such interesting forest places as the Bear's Corner, Pine Grip and others. Children get acquainted with different plants, learn to understand bird and animal tracks, observe the habits of small animals. During the tour, you can relax in one of the ecological centers, where you will always be treated to tea from a samovar, tell many fascinating stories about Russian hunting in ancient times, about the first water supply and many others.

It is believed that the hunting lodge of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich is lost somewhere in the park, or rather what is left of it. Historians say that the house may be of cultural and historical value. There are also rumors that treasures are hidden in it. But most likely, this is just idle gossip.

Moose Island is a huge forest with an ancient history. Even a few weeks is not enough for an ordinary person to explore the entire territory of the park. Any visitor will find something to their liking here. History buffs can visit exciting excursions, athletes ride bicycles in summer and ski in winter, children play and learn to understand and appreciate nature. Tourists make hiking trips to the origins of famous Moscow rivers. At any time of the year it is good to relax here with the whole family.

How to get from the metro:

There are different ways to get into the park. One of them is the entrance from the street. Roterta, st. Prokhodchikov. The nearest metro stations are Medvedkovo and Babushkinskaya, you can also walk from the Los platform of Yaroslavskaya railway or get from VDNH metro station by buses No. 172, 136. In addition, from the metro station "Ulitsa Podbelskogo" you can get to another part of the park by trams No. 36, 12, 29.

About the park

A national park is a category of specially protected natural areas, designed at first glance to combine the incompatible - the preservation of natural and cultural landscapes, rare species and reference ecosystems with their use for recreational and educational purposes.

Losiny Ostrov is a mosaic of natural and human-transformed ecosystems that allows species with very different vital needs to exist in this essentially closed territory.

In recent decades, Losiny Ostrov has become an integral part of the recreational infrastructure of Moscow and its satellite cities. The attendance of the national park is very high: an average of 10 thousand people daily, up to 150 thousand people on "peak" days, in the amount of 3-5 million people a year. At the same time, for many residents of the areas bordering the park, the forests of Losiny Ostrov are the only place for a good rest.

Total area 125 km²

The forest occupies 96.04 km² (83% of the territory), of which 30.77 km² (27%) are within the city of Moscow. The rest is occupied by water bodies - 1.69 km² (2%) and a swamp - 5.74 km² (5%).

higher plants more than 800 species have been identified, including 80 species of trees and 76 species of shrubs.

• lichens - at least 90 species;
• mushrooms - 128 species;
• algae - at least 150 species.

Animals:

• mammals - 43 species;
• birds - about 180 species;
• reptiles - 5 species;
• amphibians - 8 species.

The most valuable natural complexes:

• spruce-linden old forests of the central part of the park;
• Mytishchi plavni with the largest colony of seagulls in the Moscow region;
• areas of sphagnum bogs, incl. a small peat bog 11 thousand years old and 7.5 m deep;
• wet meadows as orchid habitats;
• fragments of indigenous floodplain black alder forests;
• Alekseevskaya grove.

Photo

History of the park

Already in 1912, a project for a national park in Losiny Ostrov was proposed, but the First World War prevented its creation.
In 1935, Losiny Ostrov became part of the forest-park protective belt of Moscow.

In historical terms, the national park is an amazing combination of cultural landscapes that have preserved the features of different eras:

• settlements of the Slavs-Vyatichi of the last centuries of the Slavic colonization of the basin of the river. Okie,
• villages inhabited by royal "service people" in the 15th-16th centuries;
• grand ducal and royal hunting grounds;
• manor A.D. Menshikov (his first land ownership);
• the first Moscow "Ekaterininsky" water pipeline;
• the old forests of the Pogonno-Losinoostrovskaya forest dacha and the oldest forest cultures in the Moscow region are a living monument to forestry scientists who were looking for the most advanced methods of forest management.

Moose Island. Losiny Ostrov, a national park, northeast of Moscow (partially within the administrative boundaries of the city). The area is 11 thousand hectares. Founded in 1983. Coniferous broad-leaved forests of spruce and linden with oak, maple, on ... ... Dictionary "Geography of Russia"

The first national park in Russia in the northeast of Moscow and in the Moscow region. Founded in 1983. St. 11 thousand hectares. Since the time of Ivan IV the Terrible, the sovereign's reserved grove has been guarded. From the 17th century the territory of the park was intensively used; from 19 to … Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Elk Island, the first national park in Russia, in the north-east of Moscow and in the Moscow region. Founded in 1983. Pl. St. 11 thousand hectares. Since the time of Ivan IV the Terrible, the sovereign's reserved grove has been guarded. From the 17th century the territory of the park is intensively ... ... Russian history

Losiny Ostrov National Park IUCN Category II (National Park) Coordinates: Coordinates ... Wikipedia

The first national park in Russia (created in 1983). It is located in the north-east of Moscow and its forest-park protective belt, starts from the Sokolniki forest park 8 km from the Kremlin and continues beyond the Moscow Ring Road to Mytishchi, Korolev (former Kaliningrad), ... ... Moscow (encyclopedia)

The first national park in Russia, in the northeast of Moscow and in the Moscow region. Founded in 1983. The area is over 11 thousand hectares. It has been guarded since the time of Ivan IV the Terrible "sovereign reserved grove". Since the 17th century the park area is intensively ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Elk Island- Sp Losinyj Òstrovas Ap Losinyy Ostrov L nac. parkas RF Maskvos sr … Pasaulio vietovardziai. Internetinė duomenų bazė

Elk Island- Los another island (natural area in Moscow) ... Russian spelling dictionary

National park on the territory of Moscow and the Moscow region. Organized in 1983 on the square. 11,816 ha, of which approx. 9,600 (81%) are forested. In the south and west, it adjoins residential areas and industrial zones. The territory is crossed by automobile roads (Moscow Ring Road, etc.) Geographic Encyclopedia

Losiny Ostrov is the first national park in Russia, located on the territory of Moscow and the Moscow region. The largest forest area in Moscow and the largest among the forests located within the city (Moscow part). View of part of Elk Island ... ... Wikipedia

Books

• Elk Island, Vasily Borodin. Vasily Borodin (b. 1982) - poet, artist. Graduated from the Moscow State Evening Metallurgical Institute. Works as an editor, illustrates poetry and prose. Author of books of poems "Ray. ...
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