Regions of Asia. Foreign Asia: countries and capitals. List of Asia in the world

After the collapse of the USSR, the former republics entered into a voluntary agreement on the Commonwealth of Independent States, abbreviated as CIS, which regulated and simplified some relationships between the newly formed, independent countries.

It is customary to call Central Asia a number of countries in the southern CIS, which includes such states as:

Among the countries of Central Asia, only Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan have access to the sea; these states are washed by the Caspian Sea on their western part. All other powers are considered inland. No country has access to the World Ocean.

The Caspian Sea washes the shores of five states - Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan and Iran

Central Asian countries are rich in natural resources: Turkmenistan produces oil and gas, Uzbekistan has large deposits of brown coal, natural gas, and gold deposits, Kyrgyzstan is rich in ore and coal, and sulfur is mined in Turkmenistan. Since Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan are located in mountainous areas, they therefore have great energy potential due to the presence of mountain rivers.

Central square in Bishkek, the capital of Kyrgyzstan

Bishkek is a clean and beautiful city with pleasant architecture and, unlike many other capitals, with clean mountain air. All attractions and entertainment centers are located in the city center.

Kyrgyzstan is located between mountain ranges, there are ski resorts, and there are also thermal springs in the Chui Valley. But Lake Issyk-Kul has become a favorite resort destination; since Soviet times, residents from all regions of the country have come here to relax and receive treatment in health resorts. The lake is very beautiful and clean, and so large that you cannot see the opposite shore.

As for the state's economy, it is built on industry and mining. And also developing tourism annually brings about half a billion dollars to the country. But the economic situation is complicated by an external debt that the country cannot pay off. The main economic partners for Kyrgyzstan remain Russia, Kazakhstan and.

Kazakhstan

The territory of Kazakhstan is covered with deserts or semi-deserts; there are few forests here, so they are treated with care and the remaining forest belts are practically not cut down. This is the largest state among those without access to the World Ocean; the country ranks 9th in area in the world and 2nd among the CIS countries, second only to Russia.

Kazakhstan has common borders:

• Russia (northern and western borders).
• China (eastern border).
• Kyrgyzstan (southern border).
• Uzbekistan (southern border).
• Turkmenistan (southern border).

In Kazakhstan, the official capital is Nur-Sultan (Astana), which has a population of 700 thousand inhabitants. This is the largest city in area and its amenities amaze visitors and attract more and more tourists every year. Huge amounts of money have been invested in Nur-Sultan, buildings and architectural monuments have been rebuilt, striking in their beauty and scale.

The city attracts not only tourists, but also investors. This country has the most stable and impressive economy in the post-Soviet space, second only to Russia.

Nur-Sultan (Astana), capital of Kazakhstan

But Nur-Sultan is not the only large city in Kazakhstan. Almaty is recognized as the unofficial capital of the country, but despite its smaller area, the population is 1.7 million people, which is almost 2.5 times the population of the capital. There is a metro here and the infrastructure is no worse developed than in the main city.

Kazakhstan cooperates with states, Arab states, as well as China and Eurasia.

The population of the Republic is 30 million people, with an equal ratio of urban residents and village residents. The area of ​​Uzbekistan is 447.4 square meters. kilometers, which is much less than in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, but the population here is higher. The state borders with the following neighbors:

• Kyrgyzstan (eastern border).
• Kazakhstan (north-eastern, northern and north-western borders).
• Turkmenistan (southwestern and southern borders).
• Afghanistan (southern border).
• Tajikistan (south-eastern border).

Tashkent is the capital and heart of the country, despite the fact that the city was completely destroyed by an earthquake in 1966, it was restored. It is beautiful and attractive to tourists for its architectural delights, monuments and landscaping of the territory. The capital is recognized as the most beautiful city in Central Asia.

Its population is more than 2 million people, it has a metro and developed infrastructure. The Charvak reservoir, which is surrounded by snow-covered mountains, has become a favorite vacation spot for the townspeople.

Khast-Imam Complex - Tashkent

In 2005, the UN adopted a resolution against the country, the reason was the excessively brutal suppression of unrest in the city of Andijan by the local government, during which hundreds of people died.

Tajikistan

View of the presidential palace in Dushanbe

The capital is Dushanbe, where about 800 thousand people live. It is not only the political capital of the state, but also the cultural one. The city includes beautiful architectural monuments, parks and unique gardens. The republic is located at the foot of the Pamir Mountains, which provides magnificent views of the mountain ranges from anywhere in the country.

The friendly states for Tajikistan are:

• Russia.
• Kazakhstan.
• China.

The country is developing and seeks to attract investors for economic growth and prosperity of residents.

Asia is the largest part of the world in terms of area (43.4 million km², including adjacent islands) and population (4.2 billion people or 60.5% of the total population of the Earth).

Geographical position

It is located in the eastern part of the Eurasian continent, in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres, bordering Europe along the Bosphorus and Dardanelles, Africa along the Suez Canal, and America along the Bering Strait. It is washed by the waters of the Pacific, Arctic and Indian oceans, and inland seas belonging to the Atlantic Ocean. The coastline is slightly indented; the following large peninsulas are distinguished: Hindustan, Arabian, Kamchatka, Chukotka, Taimyr.

Main geographical characteristics

3/4 of the Asian territory is occupied by mountains and plateaus (Himalayas, Pamirs, Tien Shan, Greater Caucasus, Altai, Sayans), the rest is occupied by plains (West Siberian, North Siberian, Kolyma, Great China, etc.). On the territory of Kamchatka, the islands of East Asia and the Malaysian coast there are a large number of active, active volcanoes. The highest point in Asia and the world is Chomolungma in the Himalayas (8848 m), the lowest is 400 meters below sea level (Dead Sea).

Asia can safely be called a part of the world where great waters flow. The basin of the Arctic Ocean includes the Ob, Irtysh, Yenisei, Irtysh, Lena, Indigirka, Kolyma, the Pacific Ocean - Anadyr, Amur, Yellow River, Yangtze, Mekong, the Indian Ocean - Brahmaputra, Ganges and Indus, the internal basin of the Caspian, Aral seas and lakes Balkhash - Amu Darya, Syr Darya, Kura. The largest sea-lake are the Caspian and Aral, tectonic lakes are Baikal, Issyk-Kul, Van, Rezaye, Lake Teletskoye, salt lakes are Balkhash, Kukunor, Tuz.

The territory of Asia lies in almost all climatic zones, the northern regions are the Arctic zone, the southern ones are the equatorial zone, the main part is influenced by a sharply continental climate, which is characterized by cold winters with low temperatures and hot, dry summers. Precipitation mainly falls in the summer, only in the Middle and Near East - in winter.

The distribution of natural zones is characterized by latitudinal zoning: northern regions - tundra, then taiga, zone of mixed forests and forest-steppe, zone of steppes with a fertile layer of black soil, zone of deserts and semi-deserts (Gobi, Taklamakan, Karakum, deserts of the Arabian Peninsula), which are separated by the Himalayas from the southern tropical and subtropical zone, Southeast Asia lies in the equatorial rainforest zone.

Asian countries

Asia is home to 48 sovereign states, 3 officially unrecognized republics (Waziristan, Nagorno-Karabakh, Shan State), 6 dependent territories (in the Indian and Pacific Oceans) - a total of 55 countries. Some countries are partially located in Asia (Russia, Turkey, Kazakhstan, Yemen, Egypt and Indonesia). The largest countries in Asia are Russia, China, India, Kazakhstan, the smallest are the Comoros Islands, Singapore, Bahrain, and the Maldives.

Depending on the geographical location, cultural and regional characteristics, it is customary to divide Asia into Eastern, Western, Central, Southern and Southeast.

List of Asian countries

Major Asian countries:

(with detailed description)

Nature

Nature, plants and animals of Asia

The diversity of natural zones and climatic zones determines the diversity and uniqueness of both the flora and fauna of Asia; a huge number of very diverse landscapes allows a wide variety of representatives of the plant and animal kingdom to live here...

Northern Asia, located in the zone of the Arctic desert and tundra, is characterized by poor vegetation: mosses, lichens, dwarf birches. Then the tundra gives way to taiga, where huge pines, spruces, larches, fir, and Siberian cedars grow. The taiga in the Amur region is followed by a zone of mixed forests (Korean cedar, white fir, Olgin larch, Sayan spruce, Mongolian oak, Manchurian walnut, greenbark and bearded maple), which is adjacent to broad-leaved forests (maple, linden, elm, ash, walnut) , in the south turning into steppes with fertile black soils.

In Central Asia, the steppes, where feather grass, chamomile, tokonog, wormwood, and various herbs grow, give way to semi-deserts and deserts; the vegetation here is poor and is represented by various salt-loving and sand-loving plants: wormwood, saxaul, tamarisk, juzgun, ephedra. The subtropical zone in the west of the Mediterranean climate zone is characterized by the growth of evergreen hard-leaved forests and shrubs (maquis, pistachios, olives, juniper, myrtle, cypress, oak, maple), and the Pacific coast - monsoon mixed forests (camphor laurel, myrtle, camellia, podocarpus, cunningamia, evergreen oak species, camphor laurel, Japanese pine, cypress, cryptomeria, thuja, bamboo, gardenia, magnolia, azalea). In the equatorial forest zone there are a large number of palm trees (about 300 species), tree ferns, bamboo, and pandanus. In addition to the laws of latitudinal zonation, the vegetation of mountainous regions is subject to the principles of altitudinal zonation. Coniferous and mixed forests grow at the foot of the mountains, and lush alpine meadows grow at the tops.

The fauna of Asia is rich and diverse. The territory of Western Asia has favorable conditions for living antelopes, roe deer, goats, foxes, as well as a huge number of rodents, inhabitants of the lowlands - wild boars, pheasants, geese, tigers and leopards. The northern regions, located mainly in Russia, in North-Eastern Siberia and the tundra, are inhabited by wolves, moose, bears, gophers, arctic foxes, deer, lynxes, and wolverines. The taiga is inhabited by ermine, arctic fox, squirrels, chipmunks, sable, ram, and white hare. In the arid regions of Central Asia live gophers, snakes, jerboas, birds of prey, in South Asia - elephants, buffaloes, wild boars, lemurs, pangolins, wolves, leopards, snakes, peacocks, flamingos, in East Asia - moose, bears, Ussuri tigers and wolves, ibises, mandarin ducks, owls, antelopes, mountain sheep, giant salamanders that live on the islands, a variety of snakes and frogs, and a large number of birds.

Climatic conditions

Seasons, weather and climate of Asian countries

The peculiarities of climatic conditions in Asia are formed under the influence of such factors as the large extent of the Eurasian continent both from north to south and from west to east, a large number of mountain barriers and low-lying depressions that affect the amount of solar radiation and atmospheric air circulation...

Most of Asia is located in a sharply continental climate zone, the eastern part is influenced by the marine atmospheric masses of the Pacific Ocean, the north is subject to the invasion of Arctic air masses, tropical and equatorial air masses predominate in the south, their penetration into the interior of the continent is prevented by mountain ranges stretching from the west to the East. Precipitation is distributed unevenly: from 22,900 mm per year in the Indian town of Cherrapunji in 1861 (considered the wettest place on our planet), to 200-100 mm per year in the desert regions of Central and Central Asia.

Peoples of Asia: culture and traditions

In terms of population, Asia ranks first in the world, with 4.2 billion people living here, which is 60.5% of all humanity on the planet, and three times after Africa in terms of population growth. In Asian countries, the population is represented by representatives of all three races: Mongoloid, Caucasian and Negroid, the ethnic composition is diverse and diverse, several thousand peoples live here, speaking more than five hundred languages...

Among the language groups, the most common are:

• Sino-Tibetan. Represented by the largest ethnic group in the world - the Han (Chinese, China's population is 1.4 billion people, every fifth person in the world is Chinese);
• Indo-European. Settled throughout the Indian subcontinent, these are Hindustanis, Biharis, Marathas (India), Bengalis (India and Bangladesh), Punjabis (Pakistan);
• Austronesian. They live in Southeast Asia (Indonesia, Philippines) - Javanese, Bisayas, Sundas;
• Dravidian. These are the Telugu, Kannar and Malayali peoples (South India, Sri Lanka, some areas of Pakistan);
• Austroasiatic. The largest representatives are Viet, Lao, Siamese (Indochina, Southern China):
• Altai. Turkic peoples, divided into two isolated groups: in the west - Turks, Iranian Azerbaijanis, Afghan Uzbeks, in the east - the peoples of Western China (Uyghurs). Also included in this language group are the Manchus and Mongols of Northern China and Mongolia;
• Semito-Hamitic. These are the Arabs of the western part of the continent (west of Iran and south of Turkey) and the Jews (Israel).

Also, nationalities such as the Japanese and Koreans are classified into a separate group called isolates, this is the name given to populations of people who, for various reasons, including geographic location, found themselves isolated from the outside world.

In Asia there are several dozen countries with different political systems and standards of living, with amazing and different cultures. Russia also partially belongs to Which states does Foreign Asia include? The countries and capitals of this part of the world will be listed in the article.

What is called foreign Asia?

Foreign territory is that part of the world that does not belong to Russia, that is, all Asian countries except Russia. In the geographical literature, foreign Asia is divided into four large regions. So, they distinguish Central, Eastern, Southern and Front (Western). - this is Russian territory, and, naturally, foreign Asia does not include it. These countries and capitals are absolutely different from each other, they are unique and inimitable.

The table below gives an alphabetical list of the names of the capitals.

Developed countries of foreign Asia and their capitals

Among the most highly developed countries in the world is Singapore (the capital is Singapore). This is a small island state with a high standard of living of the population, which is mainly engaged in the production of electronics for export.

Tokyo), also involved in the creation of electronic equipment, is one of the ten most prosperous countries in the world. Almost all countries of foreign Asia and their capitals are rapidly developing. For example, Qatar, Afghanistan, and Turkmenistan are among the five fastest growing economies in the world (in terms of GDP growth).

Not everyone can be ahead...

Foreign Asia and their capitals: Bangladesh (capital - Dhaka), Bhutan (capital - Thimphu), Nepal (capital - Kathmandu). These and some other countries cannot boast of either a high standard of living or special achievements in industry. Still, overseas Asia (countries and capitals are listed in the table above) plays an important role in the global economy. The largest financial centers are located in the largest part of the world on the planet: Hong Kong, Taipei, Singapore.

The rapidly developing region occupies 30% of the entire earth's land, which is 43 million km². Extends from the Pacific Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea, from the tropics to the North Pole. It has a very interesting history, rich past and unique traditions. More than half (60%) of the world's population lives here - 4 billion people! You can see what Asia looks like on the world map below.

All Asian countries on maps

Asia world map:

Political map of foreign Asia:

Physical map of Asia:

Countries and capitals of Asia:

List of Asian countries and their capitals

A map of Asia with countries gives a clear idea of ​​their location. The list below is the capitals of Asian countries:

1. Azerbaijan, Baku.
2. Armenia – Yerevan.
3. Afghanistan - Kabul.
4. Bangladesh - Dhaka.
5. Bahrain – Manama.
6. Brunei - Bandar Seri Begawan.
7. Bhutan – Thimphu.
8. East Timor - Dili.
9. Vietnam – .
10. Hong Kong - Hong Kong.
11. Georgia, Tbilisi.
12. Israel – .
13. - Jakarta.
14. Jordan - Amman.
15. Iraq - Baghdad.
16. Iran - Tehran.
17. Yemen - Sana'a.
18. Kazakhstan, Astana.
19. Cambodia – Phnom Penh.
20. Qatar - Doha.
21. - Nicosia.
22. Kyrgyzstan – Bishkek.
23. China - Beijing.
24. DPRK - Pyongyang.
25. Kuwait - Kuwait City.
26. Laos - Vientiane.
27. Lebanon - Beirut.
28. Malaysia – .
29. - Male.
30. Mongolia - Ulaanbaatar.
31. Myanmar - Yangon.
32. Nepal - Kathmandu.
33. United Arab Emirates - .
34. Oman – Muscat.
35. Pakistan – Islamabad.
36. Saudi Arabia - Riyadh.
37. - Singapore.
38. Syria - Damascus.
39. Tajikistan – Dushanbe.
40. Thailand – .
41. Turkmenistan – Ashgabat.
42. Türkiye - Ankara.
43. - Tashkent.
44. Philippines - Manila.
45. - Columbo.
46. - Seoul.
47. - Tokyo.

In addition, there are partially recognized countries, for example, Taiwan, which separated from China with its capital Taipei.

Sights of the Asian region

The name is of Assyrian origin and means “sunrise” or “east”, which is not surprising. Part of the world is distinguished by rich relief, mountains and peaks, including the highest peak in the world - Everest (Chomolungma), which is part of the Himalaya mountain system. All natural areas and landscapes are represented here; on its territory there is the deepest lake in the world -. Foreign Asian countries have been confidently leading in the number of tourists in recent years. Mysterious and incomprehensible to Europeans traditions, religious buildings, and the interweaving of ancient culture with the latest technologies attract inquisitive travelers. It is impossible to list all the iconic sights of this region; we can only try to highlight the most famous ones.

Taj Mahal (India, Agra)

A romantic monument, a symbol of eternal love and a magnificent structure in front of which people stand in stupor, the Taj Mahal Palace, included in the list of the seven new wonders of the world. The mosque was erected by Tamerlane's descendant Shah Jahan in memory of his deceased wife, who died in childbirth while giving birth to their 14th child. The Taj Mahal is recognized as the best example of Mughal architecture, incorporating Arabic, Persian and Indian architectural styles. The walls of the structure are lined with translucent marble and inlaid with gems. Depending on the lighting, the stone changes color, becoming pink at dawn, silver at dusk, and dazzling white at noon.

Mount Fuji (Japan)

This is a significant place for Buddhists who profess Shintaism. The height of Fuji is 3776 m; in fact, it is a sleeping volcano that should not wake up in the coming decades. It is recognized as the most beautiful in the world. There are tourist routes up the mountain that operate only in summer, since most of Fuji is covered with eternal snow. The mountain itself and the Fuji 5 Lakes area around it are part of the Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park.

The largest architectural ensemble in the world stretches across Northern China for 8860 km (including branches). Construction of the Wall took place in the 3rd century BC. and had the goal of protecting the country from the Xiongnu conquerors. The construction project dragged on for a decade, about a million Chinese worked on it and thousands died from exhausting labor in inhumane conditions. All this served as a reason for the uprising and overthrow of the Qin dynasty. The wall fits extremely organically into the landscape; it follows all the curves of the spurs and depressions, encircling the mountain range.

Borobodur Temple (Indonesia, Java)

Among the rice plantations of the island rises an ancient giant structure in the form of a pyramid - the largest and most revered Buddhist temple in the world, 34 m high. There are steps and terraces that encircle it leading up. From the point of view of Buddhism, Borobodur is nothing more than a model of the Universe. Its 8 tiers mark 8 steps to enlightenment: the first is the world of sensual pleasures, the next three are the world of yogic trance that has risen above base lust. Rising higher, the soul is cleansed of all vanity and gains immortality in the heavenly sphere. The top step personifies nirvana - a state of eternal bliss and peace.

Golden Buddha Stone (Myanmar)

The Buddhist shrine is located on Mount Chaittiyo (Mon State). You can loosen it with your hands, but no forces can throw it off its pedestal; in 2500 years the elements have not brought down the stone. In fact, it is a granite block covered with gold leaf, and its top is crowned by a Buddhist temple. The mystery has still not been solved - who dragged him up the mountain, how, for what purpose and how he has been balancing on the edge for centuries. Buddhists themselves claim that the stone is held on the rock by the hair of Buddha, walled up in the temple.

Asia is a fertile land for creating new routes, learning about yourself and your purpose. You need to come here meaningfully, tuning into thoughtful contemplation. Perhaps you will discover a new side of yourself and find answers to many questions. When visiting Asian countries, you can create a list of attractions and shrines yourself.