Many fishing enthusiasts know places where they can get a good catch, but this can really be done with the help of a net. Such tackle helps you become the owner of trophy specimens; you can make it at home. Even someone who has no idea how to weave a net will master this simple technique.

Fishing today is losing its strong position as a way of obtaining food and is becoming more of a hobby for many people. Many lovers of this activity know how to weave their own nets if necessary, because this is a very convenient tackle that can bring an impressive bite to its owner. People have mastered this for a very long time. That is why the skill of how to weave a fishing net yourself is of particular importance.

Advantages of using gear

Fishing using equipment such as a net became widespread in ancient times. Its main advantages are the following properties;

• it does not require the personal presence of the fisherman during fishing;
• capable of providing a large catch;
• allows you to do other important things while fishing.

Weaving such gear is one of the famous ancient crafts, which has not lost its relevance today. Nowadays, only a few people make them themselves for fishing; many use purchased options and don’t think about how to weave a net. All this despite the fact that making it at home is much more profitable than purchasing it. Many fishing enthusiasts need to be aware of how to weave a fishing net in order to repair, improve and re-equip purchased factory-made specimens for the required fishing conditions.

This activity does not require any skills or abilities from beginners who decide to make such equipment with their own hands for the first time. And the costs here are absolutely minimal - you only need to buy thread or fishing line.

Necessary tools and accessories

For weaving you will need threads or fishing line, as well as a shuttle and a strap. The shuttle will serve as a kind of needle, with the help of which the fabric will be knitted. The bar is a kind of ruler; its width directly depends on the cell pitch. For example, if they start weaving a “magpie” net, then this value will be equal to 40 mm.

Instead of special threads and fishing line, you can use regular sewing thread to weave a net, which can be found in almost every home. You can make the shuttle yourself or purchase it in specialized stores. An ordinary ruler, a strip of rectangular plywood with parts made of plastic and tin, can act as a plank. Its width should not exceed 3-3.5 mm (in order for the knots to be securely tightened).

All these materials, including the shuttle, can be made from available materials at home. Next, a simple technology for making a shuttle will be outlined (note to fishermen, do not rush to run to the nearest store for any little thing).

Creating a shuttle

Such a tool can be made of iron, wood, or plastic. The most common shuttle can be easily cut from a flat sheet of plastic 2-3 mm thick. The future workpiece is drawn on the sheet, after which it is carefully cut out, the inside is cut out with a chisel, screwdriver or knife.

After completing the workpiece, it is necessary to grind it to remove possible irregularities and snags. This is done so that the fishing line does not cling to the edges of the shuttle. Sanding is done using regular sandpaper, a file or a knife.

A supply of fishing line is already wound onto the finished shuttle, one turn on each side, threading the thread onto the middle protrusions of the shuttle.

How to weave a fishing net: an easy way

The entire procedure for making the canvas is quite a long and painstaking task, so the net is created in a sitting position, it is more convenient. To do this, tie a wire or rope in the form of a ring in a certain place. First, you need to pull it towards you and make a loop through a ring with a diameter of 5 cm. A bar is applied to the formed knot from below, a turn of the thread is made using a shuttle under it, and the shuttle itself is brought up through the ring. Next, you need to pull the thread and hold it with your finger, tie the resulting loop with a tight knot. After this, you again need to make a turn through the bar, carefully pull the thread through the ring and hold it tightly with your finger. Next, the knot is tightened, while the finger must be released. The technique for tightening tight knots will be discussed further.

In this way, you need to dial the required number of loops for the width of the network. After this, remove the bar until it is needed.

Beginners first need to practice and learn the simple technique of tying a knot, this is very important, because the net must be held on them, this is done to secure the fabric. Having mastered these simple steps, home craftsmen will certainly know how to weave a fishing net, and will be able to repeat them if necessary.

Knot technique

The strongest knot is knitted as follows: a bar is carefully brought to the finished loop, tied by hand, and the shuttle is threaded through it. The thread passed through the loop is attracted to the very edge of the bar and is immediately fixed with the thumb.

Thus, a small loop has formed under the thumb, which must be held until the knot is completed. After this, a shuttle is passed into the finished loop so that the thread can wrap around the loop on both sides. After this, the shuttle is restarted between the right edge of the loop and the already threaded thread.

After this double threading, it is again launched into the loop, which until now was fixed by the thumb. In this case, the knot is tightened synchronously and very easily; on one side, the shuttle strongly pulls the thread, and with your thumb the pressure on the created loop is reduced. The characteristic clicking sound is a signal that the unit is ready.

Gaining the required height

As a result of these simple manipulations, a series of loops are formed on the wire. Next, the thread needs to be pulled, placing it under the bar, after which a turn is made using the shuttle around it downwards. In this case, you need to grab the cell, pull the thread and pinch it with your finger. Using a shuttle, a knot is tied and tightened. This is how the process of weaving the network occurs gradually, loop by loop. When the row is knitted to the end, you must remove the bar. Similar in a simple way you need to carefully weave the net to the desired length. When the canvas is fully prepared, it needs to be equipped - carefully pass the threads along the edge, tie on floats and sinkers. All this is done after the weaving process is completed.

Final network rigging

The final and most painstaking stage of creating a network is its planting. We will need a thick nylon thread and a shuttle. First you need to drive the nail vertically at chest level. After this, you need to string the loops of the rope onto the nail. Then you need to find the edge of the network from which weaving began, untie the ring where all the loops are collected. You need to pass the ropes through the vacated loops using a shuttle. Using a knot, every third loop is fixed at a distance that directly depends on the selected cell size. If the cell size is 40 mm, then the distance between the two nodes should be 20 cm. This is determined approximately by eye. The main thing is that the cells do not seem too tense, but, on the contrary, are elongated.

After finishing work with the side part of the net, you need to start installing weights and floats. To do this, a corner of the net is strung on a nail, the shuttle grabs 3 cells at once, you need to straighten them along the way so that they are not pulled together. A float is attached to the rope between the cells, then it is threaded through 3 cells and tied to the 2nd rope. And so we must continue until the end. After this, the net with installed floats is suspended in such a way that the distance from the floor to it does not exceed the permissible value of 10-20 cm. The weights are attached in a similar way.

After all these steps, the questions of how to weave a network simply disappear; all that remains is to check it in practice.

Types of fishing nets

There are many types of this gear, which have been used since ancient times in fishing. Using the technique described above on how to weave a net from fishing line, you can knit any of them.

• Bred is a hammock-shaped net, the length and width of which varies, its weaving begins with a cone;
• the well-known seine is indistinguishable from nonsense, it surpasses it only in length;
• a basting is a net, reminiscent of a net or a net, woven in a circle;
• the drag net is made according to the principle of a volleyball net, starting with one cell and ending with 30-50 cells;
• The jacque is knitted in the round, like a ball net.

You can choose any of the proposed options and knit it easily and simply. Believe me, the call “Weave a net with our own hands” is not scary at all.

The mesh fabric consists of intersecting threads fastened with knots. For knitting nets, linen, cotton, silk and other threads are used that have the same thickness along the entire length and tensile strength corresponding to the future product. The thread for weaving nets must be smooth, elastic, and resistant to environmental influences.

Knitting of nets begins with the first row of cells. The number of them in a row depends on the width of the network and the size of the cell. The required number of half-cells is tied to the first row of cells to obtain a fabric of the required length. The net is knitted using a shuttle and a template. The shuttle is designed for placing thread, performing operations such as tying knots, sewing together net products and repairing them.

Mesh fabric, appearance and calculation data.

The width of the shuttle should be half the size of the cell. Length is 10-15 times greater than width. The thickness is minimal, but corresponding to the strength of the material, so that the shuttle does not bend from the tension of the turns of thread wound on it.

The template is designed to give the network cells the required uniform size. Templates are made in the form of plates. Usually of an oval cross-section, 10-12 cm long. The width of the template (with a thickness of 2-3 mm) should be such that the length of one turn of thread around it is equal to twice the size of the cell.

In the extended position, the network cells are equilateral quadrangles, the sides of which (threads) are connected by knots. The cell size is determined by the distance between nodes. Knitting nets is a repeatedly repeated operation of tying and tightening knots, with the help of which the bottom row of half-cells is tied to the top row of meshes.

To learn how to knit a net quickly and with high quality, you first need to master the techniques of knitting knots. Overlapping - passing the shuttle through the upper cell while tying it to the lower one.

Knot through the little finger for weaving nets.

This knot is tied as follows. Holding the template between the thumb and ring fingers of the left hand, the middle one is inserted into the upper cell and the net is pulled. The thread coming from the top cell knot is wrapped around the template and the ring finger. Then they hook onto the index, middle and little fingers. The little finger is pressed to the palm and, without loosening the tension of the thread, draw the shuttle from below with your right hand into the first loop (around the ring finger and the template) and overlap from below into the cell under the middle finger.

Having placed the thread on top of the template, they begin to pull it to the top cell. In this case, all fingers, except the little finger, are freed from the loops. When the weave of threads is on the upper edge of the template, the weave is clamped with the thumb and forefinger. Then the little finger is released from the loop and the knot is finally tightened between the fingers on the upper edge of the template.

This method of knitting network nodes is considered the best. Firstly, because the resulting knot does not move along the thread of the upper cell, as a result of which all four sides of the cell are the same. Secondly, despite the apparent complexity, knitting is done at the highest speed. Since you only have to intercept the shuttle once, passing it through the upper cell. However, this method does not allow knitting nets with a mesh size of less than 1 cm. With a certain skill, a knot through the little finger can be knitted blindly.

This knot is knitted in two steps. First operation: the thread coming from the previous knot is wrapped around the template, the shuttle is passed into the upper cell from above (overlapping from above) and the cell is pulled to the upper edge of the template. In this case, the threads of the upper cell should turn and form a small loop at the bottom. After which the loop, together with the upper edge of the template, is tightly clamped between the thumb and middle fingers.

Tying a simple knot with an overlap at the top.

Second operation: the thread is passed around the thumb and index finger. The shuttle is passed under the lower threads of the upper cell, over the thread above the thumb and forefinger, and the knot is finally tightened between the thumb and middle finger.

The second knot is obtained by tying a knot with an overlap at the top. After the first overlap and passing the shuttle under the threads of the upper cell, make a second overlap from below behind the right thread of the cell and tighten the knot. This knot is more compact and is good for knitting networks of single-strand threads.

Preliminary calculations carried out before knitting nets.

Before you start knitting a network, you need to make some calculations, prepare a sufficient number of threads, select or make a shuttle and a template. The number of cells is calculated as follows. Let's say you need to knit a mesh fabric with dimensions of 11.5 meters and a mesh of 7 cm. When the network is stretched, its cells will look like squares. The number of cells in a row is determined by the ratio:

N=W:c

Where N is the number of cells in row P1; W - network width (length of one row of cells); c is the length of the diagonal of the square formed by the cell. Since c=a, where a is the cell size, then N=W:(a).

Substituting the initial data into the formula, we get: M=100:(71.41)=10. Thus, each row of the network, which determines its width, must contain 10 cells. Since the length of the network is 11.5 meters, then N=150:(71.41)=15 needs to be attached to the first row of cells - another 15 rows of cells, or 30 rows of half-cells.

To tie one row of half-cells, you will need about 140 cm of thread (2aN=2710=140), and for 30 rows - 42 meters of thread. You should take the thread with some excess (about 15% of the total length) for tying knots and accidental thread breaks, that is, about 46 meters of thread will be required to make a net measuring 11.5 meters with a mesh of 7 cm. For cells measuring 7 cm, a shuttle 4 cm wide is needed. The width and thickness of the template are selected so that one turn of the thread around the template is 14 cm.

Ways to start knitting nets.

Starting to knit a network can be done in two ways. The first method is to knit two rows of meshes at the same time. By wrapping the thread once around the template and tying its ends, you get an auxiliary loop “O”. From the thread coming from the shuttle, make two turns around the template and tie a knot on its edge. Both loops are removed from the template, the straightened second loop will be the first mesh cell.

This cell is inserted into the auxiliary one and both are hung on a nail. Or on any other stationary object located at arm's length of the knitter. If you decide to knit the network in knots, for example, with an overlap from below, proceed as follows. Draw the thread around the template, wrap it into the loop (1) from below, pull it to the edge of the template, tie and tighten the knot, forming a cell (2).

Next, the template is removed from the cell (2), the auxiliary loop is cut and removed. The first loop is removed from the nail, turned 180 and hung on the nail again. The next knot is tied in the same way, forming a cell (3). The following cells are knitted in the same sequence.

The resulting garland should consist of even and odd loops, the number of which should be equal to the estimated number of cells in the network row. Then a cord is pulled into the even cells and its ends are tied. Hang the loop on a nail and begin forming subsequent rows.

The second way to start knitting nets.

A small loop is tied at the end of the thread so that the shuttle fits through it. A lace is inserted into this loop and, having tied its ends, the loop from the lace is hung on a nail. Throwing the thread coming from the loop knot (1) onto the template and passing the shuttle into the lace loop, pull the template to the first loop knot, tie and tighten the slip knot, thereby forming a loop (2).

The slip knot is tied in the following sequence: after pulling up the template, the last two threads going up are on its edge with the thumb and middle finger. The thread from under the thumb is thrown onto the index finger, the shuttle is passed under the two threads of the resulting loop and over the thread thrown over the index finger. The knot is tightened on the upper edge of the template between the thumb and middle finger, next to the first knot.

In the same sequence, all the nodes of the first row are knitted along the width of the future network. To ensure that the loops are the same, you should not keep more than five to six half-cells on the template. They must be reset from the left end of the template as new ones accumulate. Having tied the required number of loops and half-holes, the lace loop is removed from the nail and turned 180 degrees.

The template is removed from the half-cells and from the left edge they begin to knit the next row of the half-cell network. The procedure is repeated until a network of the required length is obtained. In the process of knitting nets, more than once you have to deal with the fact that the supply of thread on the shuttle has run out or it has broken. Therefore, it is necessary to learn how to tie the thread correctly.

To do this, the ends of the broken thread and the thread from the charged shuttle are folded together, slightly twisted and tied with a regular knot next to the previous one, tightened at the edge of the template. The ends of the threads are cut at a distance of 3-5 mm. It is useful to melt the ends of nylon threads over a flame.

When knitting long net fabric, the distance from the knitter’s hands to the nail should not be more than one meter. To do this, as the net is being made, the loop from the cord should be removed from the first row and the cord should be passed into the cells located near the knitter’s hands. To prevent the free edges of the finished fabric from twisting and interfering with work during knitting, you can hang a hook with a small weight from its cells.

If you need to knit a network fabric that is not rectangular, but of some other shape, add and subtract cells. To increase the number of cells in the next row compared to the previous one, you need to tie an additional loop to the previous row using the methods shown in the figure below. To reduce the number of cells in a row, you need to link one of the cells of the subsequent row to two cells of the previous one.

Tying network panels allows you to produce products of various shapes (cylindrical, cone-shaped, bag-shaped, etc.). Webs of nets of the required shape and size, having edge cells with three nodes, are connected to each other using a shuttle in one of the following ways.

Methods for linking individual network panels.

Coloring of finished networks.

In all cases of using net fishing gear, except for cases where hunters are actively driving animals into traps, it is necessary that the nets do not stand out against the background of the area. This is achieved by using nets of appropriate color. In the snowy period - white, and in the snowless period - any dark color. It is easiest to repaint white nets some dark color, but bleaching dark nets is much more difficult. Such bleaching rarely achieves the desired result.

Nylon and nylon, from which ropes and ropes are now most often made, can be dyed with both dyes for nylon and dyes for cotton and wool, but it is better, of course, with dyes for nylon. It must be borne in mind that these materials cannot withstand prolonged heating. In a boiling solution they become deformed. All dyeing recommendations are usually indicated on dye packages and must be followed.

First of all, you need to weigh the nets you are going to paint. In order to determine how much dye is needed and in what amount of water to dissolve it. The bags in which dyes are sold indicate the weight of dry fabric for which the contents of the bag are designed. Usually it is enough to dye 400 g of dry fabric. The depth of the resulting tone is shown on the label. Or on the paint sample attached to the package. If it is necessary to enhance or weaken the depth of tone, then the amount of dye or fabric is changed accordingly.

Painting of finished nets made of nylon or nylon thread.

When dyeing nylon and nylon with dyes for cotton and wool, two vinegar essences and three tablespoons of table salt are added to the dye solution for each dye packet. The solution is heated to 40 degrees, the net is lowered into it and painted without heating for 15-20 minutes. Then the solution is heated to a temperature not exceeding 75 degrees and painted for another 20-30 minutes. Then the net is left in the cooling bath for 15-20 minutes. Take it out, let the dye solution drain, rinse and wring out.

When dyeing nylon and nylon with dyes for nylon, the dye is ground to form a homogeneous paste. Adding a small amount of warm water (30-40 degrees). Add 10 g (tablespoon) of washing powder for wool to this paste. The consistency of the paste should be creamy.

How to choose the right machine for hand knitting nets? What should you pay close attention to?

The fishing industry is a sector of the economy where both large and small enterprises can feel confident. However, every fishing company needs fishing nets.

The production of such products can become not only a profitable business, but also easy to organize. To do this, it is enough to buy a machine for knitting fishing nets and then buy polyester or nylon threads as consumable raw materials.

Machine for hand knitting nets

For small production, you can use a hand knitting machine. To start working with it, just select the desired template and insert a bobbin with thread into the shuttle. And the knitting itself proceeds as follows:

1. A thread is placed on the selected template.
2. The lower part of the machine fits into the cell.
3. The thread passes under the shuttle.
4. The thread from the shuttle is pulled up and thrown in a semi-ring to the left.
5. The mesh thread, passing by the shuttle, comes out from above.

Video: device for tying nets.

Hand knitting machine diagram

1. Aluminum tube body.
2. Aluminum shuttle with thread slot. The shuttle has a cut at an angle of 45 degrees and a recess for fixing the bobbin in the rear wall, 2.5 mm deep.
3. A bronze bobbin that should move freely along the shuttle.
4. Aluminum plug with a through hole, 2-3 mm in diameter, for fixing the second end of the bobbin. This plug must be securely fastened into the shuttle.
5. Aluminum limiter.

However, this machine is applicable exclusively for home knitting nets; its operating speed cannot allow the establishment of its own stable production. This requires professional equipment.

Automatic machines for knitting fishing nets

Most modern production machines fishing gear are made in China. European-made machines not only cost much more, but most of them were only assembled in the European Union, while all their components were manufactured in China.

In this regard, the quality of Chinese machines is in no way inferior to their pseudo-European counterparts, but has a favorable price advantage over them.

An example of such machines is the model HY280-216 (photo below), made in China. The cost of such a machine along with all components can be from $20,000 to $25,000 if purchased directly from the manufacturer or from its official dealers. To produce fishing nets on this machine, you will need to allocate a separate room, because its dimensions are 6.8 * 2.5 * 2.2 m (length * width * height).

That is, such a machine occupies an area equal to 17 square meters. Its main motor has a power of 5.5 kW, and the weight of the machine is about 6 tons, and the operating speed is 400-500 lines per minute.

This machine can be used for knitting fishing nets with different mesh sizes. This size is manually adjusted. The machine also allows the use of any type of thread, which is a particular advantage, because it can be used to produce fishing nets of all main types.

There are other popular machines for knitting fishing nets, among which are the LZURHD9-610 model, costing about 2 million rubles, and the Rapier hq788, whose price is about $6,000. Obviously, the efficiency of the first machine is much higher than in Rapier. Also among the companies producing machines of this type, we can highlight the company Wei Meng, whose equipment is designed to create fishing nets without knots.

Net production machine LZURHD9-610

Thus, as in the case of any other machines, here it is possible to select the optimal machines for the production of fishing nets, taking into account both their price and capabilities. An example of the production itself can be seen here:

To understand how to start knitting a fishing net, you need to consider the materials involved in the process. First of all, you will need threads.

Fishermen call them delhi. Modern nets are woven from synthetic materials (nylon, nylon, etc.).

d.). At the same time, the parts turn out to be more durable, do not rot or collapse for quite a long time.

Experienced fishermen claim that nets made of synthetic materials are more catchy.

In order for the net to hold a certain shape, it is woven on special ropes called landing laces. It could also be wire.

It is also necessary to select the material for the sinkers and floats. They should be smooth, preferably round in shape. Foam plastic, birch bark or wood are suitable for floats. To prevent the material from collapsing, it is coated with appropriate paint.

Handy tool

When learning how to knit a fishing net, you should pay attention to the tool at hand. First of all, you will need a shuttle. This is a kind of needle with which the network will be knitted. It is also necessary to prepare a bar or ruler. It is also called a template. This is a plate with smooth edges. It determines the size of the cells.

You can buy a shuttle in a store or make it yourself if you wish. To do this, you will need to prepare a sheet of plastic or plywood. The workpiece is cut according to a specific template. Its edges must be sanded with sandpaper. It's easier to knock out the middle with a chisel.

The material must be sufficiently rigid. To do this you will need plastic or plywood no thinner than 2-3 mm. The width of the shuttle is approximately 3 cm, and the length is about 25 cm. If the bar (template) by which the width of the cell is determined is small, then the width of the shuttle should be even smaller.

Ring tying scheme

After creating the first cell and knot, you need to tie the entire ring. Experienced fishermen will tell you in detail how to knit a fishing net. The scheme of this process corresponds to the procedure discussed above. The thread is laid again over the template. It then goes underneath it and is threaded through the ring.

Then the thread is brought to the finger and pressed. Next, make 2 knots. If you want to make a network with 50x50 mm cells with a total of 20 pieces, there will be 21 loops on the wire ring.

All nodes must be made at the same distance. After 21 loops (or other required number) have been cast on, the threads are carefully removed from the template. The next row is knitted.

Weaving a network

If you are interested in how to knit fishing nets with your own hands, you need to consider subsequent weaving. It is not removed from the wire ring until about 10 rows have been created. In this case, you will get a network with 5 cells in length.

If you stretch this product, you will get a structure about 2 m in size. During assembly (planting), the network will shrink. The reduction will be about 1/3. In this case, the network will be 1.3-1.5 m long.

This work is painstaking and requires a sufficient amount of time. To shorten the process, you can try making nodes using a different technology.

Tightening a complex knot

The technology presented above allows you to understand how to knit fishing nets with your own hands. Node diagrams may differ slightly. Some of them are easy to knit, but it takes a lot of time.

To make the process go faster, you need to master the technology of weaving complex knots. After the thread is placed on the template and pressed, it is lowered down. Next, grab the line with the little finger of your left hand. At the same time, it is stretched between the template and the finger.

Next you should pay attention to the shuttle. The index finger of the right hand is pressed against it. By moving towards you, the thread is captured and left on the shuttle. Then the captured fishing line is pulled towards itself. With your right hand, move your finger down and away from you at the same time.

The thread crosses. The right hand with the shuttle is carried to the cell. The index finger moves away from him. The tip of the shuttle is threaded into the next cell. The thread is thrown off for him. The shuttle is threaded further and the thread is tightened.

When learning how to properly knit fishing nets, you need to tighten a complex knot. The template moves close to the captured cell. With your left hand you clamp the place where the knot will be tightened later. Now the line is dropped from the little finger. Next the knot is tightened.

This process may take a long time at first. But your hands will gradually get used to it, and you will be able to knit the net with almost automatic movements. You can even watch TV and do work.

Deley repair

When studying the technology of how to knit a fishing net, you should pay attention to the repair of parts. Sometimes it is necessary to tie up pieces damaged during fishing. If you need to reduce a row, then at subsequent levels the number of cells is reduced. To increase the width of the sections, a shuttle is threaded through one window 2 times.

To cut off damaged cells, mark this area along the edge. Next, the damaged segments are removed near the node. In this case, 2 threads coming out of it are cut off at once. This way you can remove a whole row. The cells are also cut obliquely.

If necessary, 2 pieces of networks can be connected and one new one can be made from several old ones. To do this, pieces of nets are hung by their outer segments on a nail. The edges of the two pieces put together are stretched. The shuttle is threaded 2 times into each pair of windows. A knot is made every 5-7 cells.

You can bind a thread alternately to segments of one and another network. This is a more reliable way. In this case, the shuttle movements are performed in the same way as when weaving a regular weave. The thread should be the same thickness as in both pieces of old nets.

Repairs will need to be done sooner or later. There are also no great difficulties in this process.

Having familiarized yourself with the technology of how to knit a fishing net, you can create your own fishing tackle. Over time, the weaving process will take very little time.

Therefore, creating a delhi yourself will not be difficult. When using nets, the fisherman does not have to participate in the fishing process all the time.

After installing the gear, you can enjoy your outdoor recreation and return home with a big catch.

Most fishing gear is made of mesh material, knitted from threads, called del. IN Lately Beams made from synthetic materials - nylon, perlon, nylon, etc. - have become widespread. They are much more catchy, stronger and do not rot. To give fishing tools the required size and shape, the del is attached to a rope or cord. This requires thin cords and thick threads, the so-called landing threads. Threads are also needed for mending fishing gear, the same thickness as the thread from which the fishing gear is made. Most fishing gear is equipped with floats and weights to give them the desired position in the water. Floats are made from birch bark, wood, and foam. A birch bark float is a roll tightly rolled from strips of birch bark. A longitudinal hole is left in the middle of the roll through which a rope or cord is threaded. To prevent the roll from unrolling, it is steamed in boiling water. The size of the roll is determined by the type of fishing gear, as well as the possibility of making a float. Most often, the length of the roll is about 10 cm and the thickness is about 5 cm. Wooden floats can be in the form of turned cylinders, balls drilled through, but small smooth planks can also be used. To avoid cracking, wooden floats should be dried and painted with oil paint; The paint needs to be renewed periodically. Foam floats are made in various shapes: in the form of cylinders, plates and cubes. Large-pored floats can be puttied with a mixture of foam or fine wood sawdust and oil varnish. After drying, the floats must be sanded and painted with oil paint (nitro paint is not suitable, as it dissolves the foam). The hole in the float can be drilled or melted with a heated wire. Should sawdust and foam cuttings be dissolved in solvent? 647 to varnish consistency. Then you can use it to glue pieces of foam plastic together and make floats. Sinkers are used from baked clay, but pipe cuttings can also be tied up. You should not use stones or iron objects with sharp edges. For nets, wire rings are convenient as sinkers. All sinkers must have a smooth surface so as not to damage the fish and not to chafe the threads and ropes attaching them, so the edges of the pipe scraps must be processed with a file and sandpaper. Some fishing gear is made from local materials: twigs, reeds, shingles, birch bark, wire and metal mesh. The development of types of such fishing gear is of great economic importance.

Knitting details

Knowing how to knit by hand is necessary for repairing fishing gear, making some set traps and cuts (large-mesh walls) for three-wall nets.

A supply of thread is wound onto the shuttle (needle), wrapping it around the inner peg and the fork at its other end, and then again around the peg on the other side of the shuttle. The thread should not pass through its edge. You need a thin board-‘shelf’ 10-15 cm long and 2-3 mm thick. The width of the shelf should correspond to the size of the mesh. The edges of the shelf must be planed and sharpened, and the shelf must be sanded. Starting knitting, make a loop at the end of the thread wound on the shuttle, equal to the required mesh. To do this, the thread is passed around the shelf twice and, after tying, is removed. The resulting mesh is put on a nail or hook so that the knot is in the middle between the nail and the end of the mesh and on its left side. Then they take the shelf in their left hand, and draw the thread over the shelf placed at the edge of the cell. Having threaded the shuttle into the mesh, they pull the thread so that the edge of the shelf approaches the edge of the mesh. The edge of the mesh and the thread threaded into it are firmly pressed to the edge of the shelf with the index finger of the left hand. The shuttle is pulled to the left and, with a backward movement, a loop of thread is left over the stretched mesh. Then the shuttle is threaded from below into the left loop, drawing a thread around the mesh pressed to the shelf. Pulling out the thread, tighten the knot on the pressed mesh. The latter should tighten between the finger and the edge of the shelf. Having tied a mesh on the shelf, remove it and place the shelf under the edge of this mesh, passing the thread over the shelf, thread the shuttle from the bottom up into the mesh and, pulling the edge of the shelf to the end of this mesh, tie a knot on it in the same way as on the first mesh. In this way, they continue to connect the chain of cells to the required number. Then, loops are placed on a strong thread, or better yet, on a wire, so that a row of cells hanging from the wire is formed. The wire is tied into a ring and hung on a nail. The next row is tied to this row of cells in the same way as when tying cells in a chain. Without removing the resulting cell, repeat the same technique for the next cell and so continue until the last cell of the original row. After this, all the cells are removed from the shelf, and the process is repeated again. So, row by row, the length of the piece of delhi is increased. If you need to knit a piece of fabric with a decreasing width, then in certain rows of cells their number is reduced. To do this, thread the shuttle into two cells at once and tie one to them. If it is necessary to expand the connected part, then the shuttle is threaded 2 times into the same mesh, getting two meshes instead of one and increasing their number in one row or another (Fig. 4).

Cutting the cases

To cut a straight piece of del, count the required number of cells along the edge and mark this place by tying a thread or cutting the del. Starting to cut the part in the intended place, use scissors to cut two threads at once at the mesh knot, then again cut two threads at the next knot, etc. until the last mesh of the opposite edge of the part. It is enough to pull the large-mesh mesh fabric into a bundle, and if it is tensioned correctly, the nodes are arranged in rows. Then it is not difficult to cut the entire line in the space between the nodes at once. To cut a del obliquely, determine how many cells each row of cells should be reduced by. In accordance with this, it is necessary to cut along a certain number of cells alternately in the longitudinal and transverse directions. So, for example, if you need to cut a wedge of 100 cells on one edge and 25 cells on the other, then for every four cells cut in one direction, one cell should be cut in the other direction. The cross-cut of the factory cut cuts all the threads, and the extreme knots of the cut edge can be untied. The longitudinal cut of the factory cut destroys one thread, and the cells of the longitudinal edge of the cut, consisting of one whole thread, are not untied.

Connecting cases

A simple way of connecting - joining is done as follows. The pieces of delhi are hung by the outer meshes on a nail and, having pulled the edges of the pieces folded together, a shuttle is threaded 2 times into each pair of meshes of the folded edges, and after five to seven meshes a knot is made. The edges of the oblique cutting are sewn together by threading the shuttle not into the outer meshes, but stepping back from the edge by one or two meshes, since the obliquely cut part can come undone. More durable and accurate is the merging of the sections, in which the thread is tied alternately to the mesh of one and the other edge, as when knitting nets. The thread is taken of the same thickness as the pieces of thread being connected (Fig. 5).

By connecting pieces of partition of different lengths, distribute the amount of excess cells of one edge evenly over the cells of the other, connecting a cell of a short edge with two cells of a long edge. To do this, calculate how many cells connected in pairs through which two cells of a longer edge should be connected.

Preparing ropes and cords

To prevent the ends of the ropes from unraveling, it is better to put a ‘mark’ on the end of the rope - a thick, strong thread folded in a loop, and, pulling tightly, wrap the thread around the end of the rope together with the loop. Then you should thread the end of the thread into the loop and pull it under the winding, pulling the thread of the loop placed on the rope. The threads are then cut at the edge of the winding. The threads are connected using a clew or straight knot. New cords and ropes need to be ‘rejuvenated’, otherwise they will spin (ram), which is extremely undesirable for net cords. To do this, the cord or rope is pulled at one end into different directions on grass or snow. Sometimes they limit themselves to tying the end of a rope or cord to a strong support, and wipe the rope or cord with a rag, squeezing and pulling tightly and moving from the tied end to the free one. Impregnating cotton cord with a solvent-foam varnish significantly reduces curling.

Landing of fishing gear

Fishing gear acquires its shape only when it is attached (planted) to ropes or cords. The fit can be different, for example, if a 150 m long del is placed on a 75 m long cord, then such a fit is called ‘1/2’. It is mostly used for networks. If the same piece of delhi is planted on 100 m of cord, then the planting is 1/3. This is how seines, traps and set traps are set. Planting is carried out as follows. Stretch a rope or cord between the supports at chest level and mark it at the required intervals. Having secured the end of the landing thread wound on the shuttle in the starting place and attaching the outermost mesh of a piece of thread here, a certain number of meshes are threaded onto the shuttle, and the thread is attached to the rope with a knot at the nearest mark. Then the same number of cells is threaded onto the thread again and the thread is attached to the rope with a knot at the next mark. In this case, the landing thread should not be pulled close to the rope, since during operation the latter will be pulled out and the thread may break. Usually they leave two or three fingers of slack at the landing thread. Wanting, for example, to plant a cell with a 30 mm cell by 1/3, the size of the gap is determined from the following calculation: the length of four cells in an elongated form will be 24 cm. To plant by 1/3, this distance is reduced by 8 cm, therefore, the gap will be 16 cm. The pieces of delhi are measured in an extended state (cord). Fitting designations 1/3, 1/2, etc. up to 1/15 indicate by what amount the length of the elongated piece of delhi is shortened when planting. The most commonly used landings are 1/2 and 1/3. The landing thread is attached to a rope or cord using a landing knot. Having strung the required number of cells on the thread, grab it with two fingers on the rope in the place opposite the mark, and do not tighten the thread, leaving it slack by two fingers. Pressing the thread to the rope, move the shuttle from above the rope away from you and then from below towards you, threading it between the thread and the rope. Holding the resulting turn of thread on the rope with your fingers, again draw the shuttle around the rope, on top of it away from you and under the rope towards you, and at the same time again thread the shuttle between the rope and the sagging loop of thread. Pulling the thread, tie a knot, making sure that both turns are pressed against each other (Fig. 6).

The ropes or cord stretched for work are marked at intervals, but it is advisable to stretch the marked cord next to the ropes. According to the marks, the landing is carried out on each newly stretched section of the rope, without outweighing the marked cord. It is more convenient to plant both edges at once, using one marked cord stretched between two ropes.