Landslide village of Yalta. Opolznevoye is a small village near the mountains of Greater Yalta. Accommodation and food in the village of Opolznevoy
Despite the “threatening” name, the village of Opolznevoye in Crimea has been popular among travelers since the century before last. True, it was considered not as the final point of movement, but as comfortable spot for a stop on the way to Yalta.
Where is the village of Opolznevoye located on the map. Story
It is located southwest of Yalta - 25 km. 60 km from here, 110 km from here. The nearest villages are Blue Bay, Simeiz, Ponizovka, Parkovoye and .
Byzantine fortress
According to archaeologists, Tauris also settled in the place where Opolznevoe now stands. But the existence of the village itself can be dated back to Byzantine times, when a large fortress appeared on the Biyuk-Isar rock. Under her, a settlement arose, which gave rise to the modern one.
At first Christians lived there. But after the Turkish conquest it gradually became Muslim. Afterwards the village was registered as entirely or predominantly Tatar. there was no christian church, but only the mosque. The name is also similar to the traditions of the Tatars - Kikineiz (or Kekeneiz). It was changed after the Great Patriotic War, after the deportation of this people.
Opolznevoe owes its name to a natural disaster that occurred not far from it in 1786. Then a major landslide actually occurred in the mountains. It was spotted as there was a route through the village for travelers wishing to use the Devil's Staircase. The village of Opolznevoye retained its significance as a transshipment settlement even after a road was built through Baydar Gate. There was a postal station where travelers rested and changed horses. IN different time this “post office” was used by A.S. Pushkin, A.S. Griboyedov, Adam Mitskevich and Decembrist I.M. Muravyov-Apostol. Gilbert Romm, a French revolutionary, creator of the republican calendar and a good geologist, also visited the Opolznevoy area. The samples collected in Crimea ended up in his geological collection, which he then donated to the museum in the city of Montpellier.
Today Opolznevoye is a small village that is part of the Greater Yalta conglomerate. in the full sense it is not, since it is quite far from the sea. It has about five thousand permanent residents. It is typical for mountainous Taurida - rather hot summers and moderately cold ones with frequent winds and snowfalls.
Accommodation and food in the village of Opolznevoy
The situation with the tourist infrastructure in Opolznevoye is atypical for the Southern Coast - the village is located at a distance from the sea. Housing here is inexpensive, but there are few offers. Private sector does not have a focus on tourists, as the Republic of Crimea offers in seaside towns. But you can try to “negotiate” the room. The conditions will be modest (without fancy European-quality renovation), but the prices will match them.
There is in the village. Opolznevoe and hotels. The most famous of them is the fashionable resort complex “Mriya”. This establishment is for wealthy clients, with all imaginable amenities and advantages. You need to be prepared for the fact that a day of rest will cost 10 thousand or more. Formally, Mriya is located outside the boundaries of Opolznevoy, but next to it, in.
There are also much more modest hotels here. Thus, the general sanatorium “Zori Rossii” welcomes guests, and the boarding house “Vesely” is also located here. There is a children's resort camp "Young Builder". Its founder was the departmental pioneer camp of Tyumen oil workers (under the Soviets). 
In the village of Opolznevoye you will have to cover considerable distances on foot, and over rough terrain. Public transport doesn’t come here, you have to go out onto the highway. 
A couple of years ago, the village authorities equipped a site on the sea for visitors and villagers, but to get there you will have to walk more than 2 km in one direction (along the slope). The trail is cultivated and equipped with stairs, but you still need to calculate the strength realistically.
As for the question of what to see here - almost nothing. In the village there is a monument to those who died during the war - that’s all. It's better to go to (to own car or exit onto the highway). Around Opolznevoye itself there is the opportunity to climb the mountains for your own pleasure. It is not difficult to climb the volcanic peak of Pilyaki, as well as visit an interesting treeless valley near its wooded spur - Abitova Polyana.
The southern slopes rise above the village - a good destination for lovers of mountain walks. Connoisseurs of geology will also be interested in the Biyuk-Isar massif. You can also walk to
Landslide(until 1945 Kikineiz; Ukrainian Opolzneve, Crimean Tat. Kikineiz, Kikineiz) is a village on the southern coast of Crimea. Included in the urban district of Yalta of the Republic of Crimea (according to the administrative-territorial division of Ukraine - Yalta City Council Autonomous Republic Crimea, as part of the Simeiz village council).
Geography
The village is located on the Old Sevastopol Highway (road T-2703), approximately at an equal distance from the sea and the southern cliffs of the Ai-Petri yayla of the Main Ridge Crimean mountains, the height of the village center above sea level is 334 m. The distance to Simeiz is about 7 km, to Yalta - 27 km.
Story
Located on the approach to the main, in the past, passes of the Crimean Mountains (Miesis-Bogaz-Sokhakh, Kopek-Bogaz-Sokhakh, Pelakia and Eski-Bogaz, and also, not far away, Shaitan-Merdven) the village has existed since ancient times. In the cemetery near the village, dolmen burials dating back to the 6th-5th centuries BC were found. e., as well as, in the area of the village, shards of amphorae and fragments of tiles made in Greece from a later time. In the 10th century, on the Biyuk-Isar rock, above the village, a fortification arose, known in science under the same name, which later became a feudal castle. There is an opinion that the castle, like the village, was part of the Mangup principality. Perhaps this was a border territory that was changing subordination, since Chinicheo also mentioned in the treasury lists of Cafa (cartolfri della Masseria) kept in Genoa, dating back to about 1360.
After the defeat of Kafa by the Ottomans in 1475, the village was subordinated Inkirman in the Mangup kadylyk of the Kefin sanjak (later eyalet) of the empire. Based on materials from the 1520 Kefin Sanjak census in the village Keknos lived 1 Muslim family and 39 non-Muslim (that is, Christian) families, of which 2 were “widowed” (lost a male breadwinner). In 1542, there were no longer any Muslims, but there were 37 Christians (of which 3 were incomplete) and four more adult single men. In the 17th century south coast Islam begins to spread in Crimea and, apparently, all residents soon accepted Islam, since already in Jizye defter Liva-i Kefe- The Ottoman tax rolls of 1652, which listed Christian taxpayers, do not list the village. Kekeneiz is also missing from the lists of “Vedomosti about the Christians brought out of the Crimea in the Azov region” by A.V. Suvorov and Metropolitan Ignatius.
Kekeneiz belonged to the Crimean Khanate for only 9 years - from the Khanate gaining independence in 1774 until the annexation of Crimea to Russia (8) on April 19, 1783. Judging by Desk Description of Crimea... 1784, during the last period of the Crimean Khanate Kikeneyiz was part of Mangupsky Adam's apple bakchi-saraiskago Kaimakanism.
After the annexation of Crimea to Russia (8) April 19, 1783, (8) February 19, 1784, by a personal decree of Catherine II to the Senate, the Tauride region was formed on the territory of the former Crimean Khanate and the village was assigned to the Simferopol district. After the Pavlovsk reforms, from 1796 to 1802, it was part of the Akmechetsky district of the Novorossiysk province. In a new way administrative division, after the creation of the Tauride province on October 8 (20), 1802, Kekeneiz was included in the Makhuldur volost of the Simferopol district.
By Gazette about all the villages in the Simferopol district, including which volosts contain the number of households and souls... dated October 9, 1805, in the village of Kekeneiz there were 47 households and 272 inhabitants, exclusively Crimean Tatars. On the military topographical map of Major General Mukhin in 1817, the village Kikineis marked with 32 courtyards. After the reform of the volost division of 1829, Kikeneiz, according to “Gazette about the state-owned volosts of the Tauride province in 1829”, transferred to the Alushta volost.
By personal decree of Nicholas I of March 23 (old style), 1838, on April 15, a new Yalta district was formed and the village was transferred to the Derekoi volost. On the map of 1842, Kikeneiz is indicated with 47 courtyards.
As a result of the zemstvo reform of Alexander II in the 1860s, the village was assigned to the Derekoi volost. According to “List of populated places of the Tauride province according to information from 1864”, compiled based on the results of the VIII audit of 1864, Kekeneiz is a state-owned Tatar village with 47 courtyards, 328 residents, a mosque and a postal station near the rivers Biyuk-Tash and Biyuk-Uzeni. On three-verst The map of 1865-1876 shows 30 households in the village. In 1886 in the village at the river Biyuk-Tosh, according to the directory “Volosts and Most Important Villages of European Russia,” 254 people lived in 38 households, there was a mosque and a shop. According to “Memorable book of the Tauride province of 1889”, according to the results of the X audit of 1887, in the village of Kekeneiz there were 94 households and 423 inhabitants. On verst The map of 1890 in the village shows 88 households with a Tatar population.
After the zemstvo reform of the 1890s, which took place in the Yalta district after 1892, the village remained part of the transformed Derekoi volost. By “...Memorial book of the Tauride province for 1892” in the village of Kekeneiz, which was part of the Kekeneiz Rural Society, there were 258 residents in 53 households. By “...Memorial book of the Tauride province for 1902” in the villages of Kekeneiz, Kuchuk-Koy and Limeny, which made up the Kekeneiz rural society, together there were 830 residents in 88 households. IN Statistical reference book of the Tauride province. Part II. Statistical essay, issue eight, Yalta district, 1915, in the Derekoi volost of the Yalta district the village of Kekeneiz is also listed.
After the establishment of Soviet power in Crimea, by resolution of the Crimean Revolutionary Committee of January 8, 1921, the volost system was abolished and the village was subordinated to the Yalta district of the Yalta district. In 1922, the counties received the name okrugs. According to List settlements Crimean ASSR according to the All-Union Census of December 17, 1926, in the village of Kekeneiz, the center of the Kekeneiz village council of the Yalta region, there were 167 households, of which 149 were peasants, the population was 661 people, of which 612 Crimean Tatars, 29 Russians, 13 Greeks, 3 Ukrainians, 2 Jews, 2 are recorded in the column “other” , there was a Tatar school of the first level.
In 1944, after the liberation of Crimea from the Nazis, according to GKO Resolution No. 5859 of May 11, 1944, on May 18, the Crimean Tatars were deported to Central Asia. On August 12, 1944, Resolution No. GOKO-6372s “On the resettlement of collective farmers to the regions of Crimea” was adopted, according to which Rostov region RSFSR 3,000 families of collective farmers moved to the region. By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR dated August 21, 1945, Kekeneiz was renamed Opolznevoye and the Kekeneiz village council was renamed Opolznevoye. The time of the abolition of the village council has not yet been established; perhaps this happened during the consolidation campaign of 1962 (a consequence of the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR “On the consolidation of rural areas of the Crimean region”, dated December 30, 1962). Following the construction of a new highway in the 1960s N-19 Sevastopol - Yalta, the village turned out to be far from the main transport routes and is gradually falling into disrepair.
Kekeneiz in literature
Since time immemorial, the village has been an important point on the road from south coast, and, after the annexation of Crimea to Russia and the construction of Sevastopol, it became a kind of “junction station”. Here they changed horses before climbing the mountain. Devil's stairs, and after the construction of the highway in 1848, there was a malpost station through the Baydar Gate. Many famous travelers, passing from the southern coast, left reviews about the village: Muravyov-Apostol in the book “Travel to Taurida in 1820”, Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin in a letter to Delvig, Alexander Griboyedov in travel notes dated June 30, 1825, in 1825 Adam visited Kikeneiz Miscavige.
Landslide(until 1945 Kikineiz; ukr. Opolznevo, Crimean Catholic. Kikineiz, Kikineiz) - a village on the southern coast of Crimea, part of the Simeiz village council of Greater Yalta.
In Opolznevoy there is a branch of the Livadia state farm-factory, and on the eastern outskirts there is a children's boarding house (the former pioneer camp "Young Builder", where at one time the children of workers of the Tyumen-Gazstroy trust spent their holidays, rested and studied).
The name of the village is associated with a huge landslide that occurred in this area in 1786. Above Opolznevoy on the slope rises one of the “outcasts” of the Main Ridge of Biyuk-Isar (734 m), composed of light gray marble-like limestone. At the top of the mountain there was one of the Taurus shelters. In the early Middle Ages, this place was occupied by a fortification of impressive size (Byzantine fortress). This is where the name that this picturesque landscape monument received comes from.
Past Biyuk-Isar there are several trails to the yayla through the Miesis-Bogaz-Sokhakh and Kopek-Bogaz-Sokhakh passes, the wide and accessible passes of Pelakia and Eski-Bogaz. Obviously, the variety of paths determined the fact that where they began, back at the end of the 18th century. The village of Kikeneiz arose.
It became widely known due to the fact that it had a station for malposts - mail carriages for transporting passengers. And before the construction of the southern coastal highway, until 1848, the path from the southern coast to the northern foothills along Shaitan-Merdven (Devil's Staircase) began from here ->Devil's Staircase - the pass, which is located 9 km west of the village.
Mentions of these places have been preserved by I.M. Muravyov-Apostol, A.S. Pushkin, A.S. Griboyedov, Adam Mitskevich.
During the Great Patriotic War, partisans repeatedly came to the village. In the fall of 1942, they carried out a bold operation to evacuate Mainland sick, wounded, weakened comrades. On the night of October 6-7 from mountain Crimea Through Miesis-Bogaz (passage from the yayla above Opolznevoy) 85 partisans descended to the sea at Cape Kikeneiz. Despite enemy shelling, they managed to safely board two boats and leave for Tuapse.
In Opolznevoy, an obelisk was erected on the grave of 44 Soviet soldiers who died during the liberation of Crimea from the Nazis in the spring of 1944.
Landslide today
Opolznevoye is a village, unfortunately, not developing. Before the war, the overwhelming majority of Tatars lived here; after the war, Russians were settled in the empty houses. At the height of the perestroika campaign to return the Tatars to Crimea, on the outskirts of Opolznevoye, on stones and rocks, the Tatars were allocated a fairly large area for settlement. They wrote a lot about this in the Crimean newspapers, how hardworking Tatars bite into the rocks, managing not only to build the foundations of houses there, but also to arrange vegetable gardens. Thus, the village is now half Russian and half Tatar.
Before the construction of the new Yalta-Sevastopol highway, a very busy traffic flow of the Yalta - Sevastopol route went through Opolznevoye along the old Sevastopol highway. As soon as it was put into effect new track, the section of the old highway up to the Foros Church became unnecessary and began to slowly degrade. Before the start of perestroika, the old highway was patched up, but then abandoned for a long time. Spontaneous landfills formed around it, and in some places the highway began to crawl. Somewhere in 2007, one of the most beautiful roads in Crimea was repaired and now you can drive from Alupka to the Foros Church and enjoy the amazing mountain landscape.
Residents of Opolznevoy, in order to go to the outside world, need to use two slopes that lead to the highway - one above Katsiveli, the other above Kastropol. On foot and through vegetable gardens you can go down to the highway in the Ponizovka area - this is the shortest route to the sea.
Under socialism, city public transport went to Opolznevoye. Small PAZs on the Simeiz-Kastropol route, four or five per day. During perestroika, these buses were canceled, and now residents of Opolznevoye are forced to go down to the highway for quite a long time in order to use the Yalta-Foros buses.
Historical facts
The volcanic mountain Pilyaki rises above Opolznevy with a dark treeless peak, the rest of it is covered with forest, with the exception of a small valley located at an altitude of about 500 m and at an altitude of 800 m - Abitova Glade.
In 1786, a passionate mineralogist, later an outstanding figure in the French bourgeois revolution, creator of the republican calendar, Gilbert Romme, traveled to these parts, the same one who in 1795 led the uprising of Parisian workers against the Thermidorian reaction.
It was at the volcanic placers of Pilyaki-Khyr that Romm found “blackish, in places gray pumice of a rounded shape,” as he wrote in his diary, and added it to his rich collection, which he then took to France. Subsequently, his collection was transferred to the museum in Montpellier.
Kikeneiz was visited by many famous travelers. A. S. Pushkin mentions him in a letter to A. A. Delvig: “I went around the midday shore, and the journey of Muravyov-Apostol revived many memories in me; but his terrible journey over the rocks of Kikeneis did not leave the slightest trace in my memory.” The poet’s Crimean memories were revived by I. M. Muravyov-Apostol’s book “Travel to Taurida in 1820” (St. Petersburg, 1823), which he read already in Mikhailovsky, several years after a short stay in Crimea.
In 1825, the famous Polish poet Adam Mickiewicz visited Kikeneiz. In the sonnet "Mount Kikeneiz". Here A. Mitskevich began to write, but did not finish the sonnet “Hawk” (“At the top of Kikeneiz”). Impressed by the amazing splendor of the nature of midday Taurida, A. Mickiewicz created the well-known cycle “Crimean Sonnets”, which he dedicated to “companions in the Crimea”; among them was the Polish writer, author of historical novels Henryk Rzewuski.
A. S. Griboyedov, the author of the immortal comedy “Woe from Wit,” also mentions Kikeneiz in his travel notes dated June 30, 1825: “... We drive through the gorges of some of the overhanging and collapsed masses in the sea... Yayla was completely exposed due to the advanced mountains Cucuneys; there is a collapse between it and Kuchuk-koy... from there there is a view of the extreme cape of the southern coast of Forus...".
Opolznevoe is notable for the fact that the famous revolutionary P.L. Voikov visited here more than once at the beginning of the century. His father lived here. From here in July 1906, young Voikov fled, fearing arrest after a failed assassination attempt on the ardent reactionary, the mayor of Yalta Dumbadze, in which he participated.
How to get there?
You can go to Opolznevoye along a three-kilometer branch of the highway (it’s two kilometers east of the Smena sports camp). And the best thing to do from the Scientific Base of the Astronomical Council of the USSR Academy of Sciences, on Mount Koshka, is to take a hike along the old southern coastal highway. With this you will examine the Pilyaki-Camel-Khyr ridge from all sides - a very remarkable mountain formation, a monument of Middle Jurassic volcanism in Crimea, the same as the famous Karadag.
Detailed map of Opolznevoye in Russian. Satellite map Landslide in Crimea. Where is Opolznevoye located on the map:
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