What is the arrow of the island. Memorial sign "arrow of Vasilyevsky Island". Exchange on Strelka

Cape in the eastern part of the island, washed by pp. Bolshaya Neva and Malaya Neva. At the end of the XVI century. on this territory there was a small village, in 1703 an artillery battery of Vasily Korchmin, an associate of Peter I, stood here. on S. V. o ...

1) a narrow alluvial strip of land, a long spit of sand, shell rock, gravel, protruding towards the sea (for example, the Arabat Spit in the Crimea). 2) A piece of land, usually in the form of a sharp wedge between two merging rivers, or the end of an island at ... … Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Islands- Islands. A significant part of Leningrad is located on the islands of the Neva delta. The city center is located on Admiralteysky Island. Islands close to each other form groups: the islands of the Petrograd Side (Petrogradsky Island, Aptekarsky Island, ... ... Encyclopedic reference book "St. Petersburg"

A significant part of Leningrad is located on the O. of the Neva delta. The city center is located on Admiralteysky Island. O. close to each other form groups: the islands of the Petrograd side (Petrogradsky island, Aptekarsky island, Petrovsky ... ... St. Petersburg (encyclopedia)

AND; pl. genus. lok, date lcam; and. 1. Reduce. to Arrow (1 2 digits). 2. A thin and narrow plate rotating on an axis with a pointed end, which serves as an indicator of something. in various measuring instruments. Hour, minute, second s. S. compass,… … encyclopedic Dictionary

There is no clarity about how many islands are actually located in St. Petersburg. As of 2002, there are 33 islands with official name. In addition, in the Gulf of Finland there is the so-called Kronstadt archipelago ... Wikipedia

1. Cape or part of the territory, which looks like an acute angle between 2 merging rivers. 2. Part of the island (for example, in Leningrad, the upper part of Vasilyevsky Island and the lower part of Kamenny Island), which has an acute angle in plan. 3. Long narrow ... ... Geological Encyclopedia

ARROW, and, for women. 1. see arrow. 2. A thin and narrow plate rotating on an axis, which serves as a pointer in various measuring instruments, watches. C. compass. Minute s. 3. A sign in the form of a dash, two short ones depart from the end to the swarm at an acute angle ... ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov

Arrow: Arrow symbol "→". Pointer pointer, for example, in hours (clock hand), in pointer measuring instruments. Strelka is an astronaut dog who successfully returned from an orbital flight. The arrow is a place at the confluence of two or ... Wikipedia

The Spit of Vasilevsky Island is one of the most beautiful architectural ensembles of St. Petersburg. It is the eastern tip of Vasilyevsky Island, from which two embankments diverge - Universitetskaya and Makarova. From here you have a wonderful view of the Neva, the Peter and Paul Fortress, Winter Palace, Admiralty and Trinity Bridge. It was created under Peter I, according to the project of the architect D. Trezzini, and was planned as a business and Cultural Center cities.

There are magnificent architectural works here: the building of the Kunstkamera, the Academy of Arts, Customs (now the Literary Museum of the Pushkin House), the Twelve Colleges, now the main building of St. Petersburg University.

Dominant architectural ensemble Arrows of Vasilyevsky Island is the building of the Stock Exchange, built in 1810 in the best traditions of classicism, designed by architect Zh.F. Thomas de Thomon. On both sides of it are symmetrical buildings of warehouses (warehouses), one of which houses the Zoological Museum, the other - the Central Museum of Soil Science. V.V. Dokuchaev. The Exchange itself belongs to the State Hermitage. Her image can be seen on the 50 ruble bill.

There are two Rostral columns in front of the Stock Exchange building, which served as lanterns in the 19th century. Their author was also the French architect J.F. Tom de Thomon. The columns, decorated with the rostra of ships, personify the power and greatness of the state's navy. At their base there are four allegorical figures, according to one version, symbolizing the deities of the sea and commerce, according to another - the great rivers of Russia: the Volga, Dnieper, Neva and Volkhov. Currently, Rostral columns are lit during state and city celebrations.

On the spit of Vasilyevsky Island you can visit such museums as:

— Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography. Peter the Great (Kunstkamera)

- Zoo museum

— Literary Museum of the Pushkin House

— Central Museum of Soil Science. V.V. Dokuchaeva

The spit of Vasilevsky Island is one of the main venues for mass celebrations, holidays and events, during which a stage is set up near the Stock Exchange building, and the spit itself is decorated in accordance with the event. Strelka is a favorite place for walks and photographs, both for guests of the city, and for newlyweds and local residents.

The nearest metro stations: Vasileostrovskaya, Gorkovskaya, Admiralteyskaya.

Spit of Vasilyevsky Island (St. Petersburg, Russia) - description, history, location, reviews, photos and video.

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Spit of Vasilievsky Island - one of the oldest sights of St. Petersburg - was founded in the time of Peter the Great as a business, educational and government center of the city. According to the project of the Italian D. Trezzini in 1716, palaces for noble families, Gostiny Dvor and the Kunstkamera were laid here. In the 30s. In the 18th century, a port was founded on the Strelka, and the manor's palaces were occupied by the stock exchange, customs and warehouses. After 100 years, the stock exchange building was rebuilt by the French architect J.F. Thomas de Thomon. The Cabinet of Curiosities, or the Cabinet of Rarities, is still open today.

What to see

Panorama Strelka is a favorite subject for postcards and photo shoots. In the center it is decorated with a stock exchange building with a colonnade, on the sides there are former warehouses, where the Zoological Museum and the Museum of Soil Science are now located. The highlight of this place is given by the rostral columns, which served as beacons and a reminder of the naval victories of the Russian Empire.

There is a square on Birzhevaya Square, in the center of which lies the anchor of the Petrine era, and a little further there is a memorial sign in honor of the 300th anniversary of St. Petersburg. Along the perimeter of the embankment, trees with crowns in the shape of a ball are planted. From the Strelka there is a magnificent view of the Neva, Palace embankment, the Hermitage, from here it is most convenient to watch the fireworks.

Practical Information

Address: St. Petersburg, Birzhevaya pl. Coordinates: 59.944259, 30.307137.

How to get there: by car - from the Moscow railway station along Nevsky Prospekt and Palace Bridge; from the metro station "Admiralteyskaya" 15 minutes on foot or by bus No. 5M, 191, trolleybus No. 7 (2 stops).

whose arrow is one of the brightest impressions, is remembered for a long time. For local residents, it is also a very popular place for recreation and walking. Very often you can see parents walking here with their children. Newlyweds especially love the “arrow”. On weekends, wedding photo shoots are constantly arranged here. A reasonable question arises: why is this place so attractive?

History of creation

This place has a very rich history. The spit of Vasilevsky Island was built during the reign of Peter the Great himself, he personally planned the planning of his "brainchild" - St. Petersburg, and it was the tsar who approved the initial version of the square, resembling a trapezoid from above, which should be surrounded by houses. In general, the idea belonged to the then eminent talented architect Domenico Trezzini. It is not surprising that the project was entrusted to an Italian, because it is known that Peter the Great was supportive of scientists, artists and other fields of knowledge from Europe. To approve the plan, Peter approved, but with minor amendments of his own. It was decided to make this square the real business center of the city. Therefore, on Vasilyevsky Island you can now see the Gostiny Dvor, the stock exchange, the building of the twelve colleges, the cathedral. In 1720, it was here that the buildings of the Kunstkamera and the Academy of Sciences were laid.

The buildings

And since Vasilyevsky Island, the arrow of which is located on the northern bank of the Neva River, has always been considered a port area, it was convenient to place customs, aport, and storage facilities here. These relatively simple buildings were complemented by magnificent residential buildings that belonged to the Demidovs, Naryshkins, and Lopukhins. And all these are buildings of the eighteenth century with their unique architecture, which perfectly fit into the design of the city.

Under Elizabeth Petrovna, conditions were created here to place the Gottorp Globe. At the same time, the area of ​​​​Vasilevsky Island turns from a trapezoid into a horseshoe-shaped one, becoming the way our contemporaries already know it. For those who visit St. Petersburg, the arrow of Vasilyevsky Island is often almost the most direct association with the city.

Architectural appearance

The St. Petersburg Stock Exchange is a building on the spit of Vasilyevsky Island, which in its structure is very reminiscent of an ancient Greek temple with massive columns, a portico, a frieze, a pediment, etc. Laconic, but grandiose, it very beautifully complements the appearance of the "spit". The stock exchange is decorated with two large columns, which, according to the author's idea, were supposed to symbolize the powerful Russian rivers: the Neva, Volga, Dnieper and Volkhov. Descents to the water go from the stock exchange on both sides and look very symmetrical. They are decorated with two gigantic stone balls, each of which is erected on a special pedestal.

Transfiguration

Already in the nineteenth century, it was decided to supplement this magnificence with one more refinement - this is a garden, work on which was entrusted to the court gardener I. Wiese. In addition to magnificent plants, it was supposed to house classical sculptures (in order to harmonize with the antique appearance of the exchange) by D. Jensen. Parts of the fence and benches for the convenience of walking citizens are also very remarkable in their shape; they were made at the F. San-Galli factory on a special state order.

In the twentieth century, Vasilievsky Island, the arrow and the garden located on it continued to take shape. In 1916, the Palace Bridge was built here, which performed a very necessary function: it connected the northern bank of the Neva on Vasilyevsky Island with the southern one. Until now, people got to the desired side in this place with the help of the crossing. It should be noted that at that time the square was called Birzhevaya and was a place for all kinds of rallies, demonstrations, etc.

In 1937, the square was renamed Pushkinskaya, in honor of the centenary of the death of the great Russian poet. And during the Great Patriotic War, anti-aircraft batteries were located on the arrow of Pushkin Square in besieged Leningrad.

After the war, the appearance of the arrow was supplemented by another bridge - Birzhevy, structurally exactly the same as the Palace. In 1989, the square was returned to its historical name.

Our days

In the twenty-first century, some innovations regarding this place continue. For example, a new monument appeared at this place. This is a real anchor, which was found nearby during the cleaning of the Neva channels. Vasilyevsky Island, whose arrow is supplemented by a plan of the entire square, made of bronze (it shows in detail the name of each building adjacent to the square and the name of the architect who created it), is also attractive from an educational point of view. Many excursion routes cities include this object.

This place has undergone many changes, but its purpose has never changed: to please tourists and residents of the city with its appearance. And if you are lucky enough to visit the northern capital of Russia, then do not neglect a visit to the Spit of Vasilyevsky Island.

The Spit of Vasilevsky Island in St. Petersburg is one of the most beautiful places Northern capital. How was a masterpiece of architecture created, where to walk and where to go?

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The cape (arrow) of Vasilyevsky Island, the largest in the Neva Delta, divides the river into two channels. It is assumed that it was named so for its shape, similar to an arrowhead.

Start of development

According to the research of scientists, pre-Christian temples were located in this territory in ancient times. The Magi performed pagan rites and magical rituals, all kinds of sorcerers, soothsayers and other mysterious personalities always aspired here. The history of the arrow began at the beginning of the 16th century, long before the development of St. Petersburg. According to the census of that time, there were small fishing settlements in these places. The first name belongs to this time. According to the hypothesis, the island is named after one of the posadniks of Novgorod - Vasily Seleznya, or Ananyin, according to another version - in memory of a simple fisherman, one of the first settlers. Under the Swedes, in the 17th century it was called Prudovy, referring to the ponds in the tributaries of the Smolenka River. After the founding of St. Petersburg, the old name returned.

Implementation of building plans

From 1707 to 1714 the island was owned by Governor-General A. D. Menshikov, the prince's palace was the only stone building. The rest of the territory was almost uninhabited - only small wooden dwellings of serfs, mills and some other buildings. The development of this territory began along with the construction of a new city. According to the plan of Peter the Great, the new capital of the state should become a sea fortress, a military and commercial port.

Initially, the port facilities were located on the Petrograd side, but then they decided to move them to a more comfortable spot- Spit of Vasilyevsky Island. Trezzini, one of the most talented architects of his time, was entrusted with preparing a development plan for the eastern part. According to the first project, most of the buildings should be residential, but the emperor wanted to create an administrative and cultural center with a large seaport. According to the new plan, government buildings formed the basis.

Architectural ensemble

The main element of the ensemble, located along the banks of the Neva, was the complex of the Twelve Colleges. It consisted of 12 identical three-story sections, which were occupied by state governments. Now the University of St. Petersburg, a library and administrative premises are located here. In the shortest possible time for those times, buildings were built that became the basis of the appearance - Gostiny Dvor, the palace of Queen Praskovya (after her death, the Academy of Sciences was located here for some time), the Kunstkamera, the Stock Exchange. From the 30s. the seaport began to receive ships, but already in 1885 it was moved closer to the Gulf of Finland, since the fairway did not correspond to the displacement of new merchant ships.

Change of panorama in 2008

In 2008, the construction of modern multi-storey buildings began in the area of ​​the House of Culture. Kirov. Thus, according to experts and ordinary residents of the metropolis, significant damage was done to the appearance of the iconic place for St. Petersburg residents. The city public stood up for the protection of the historical panorama, a scandal broke out, the construction site was called a "crime". But when the government asked the developer to reduce the number of storeys of high-rise buildings, he refused. He motivated his decision by the fact that he had previously been given official permission for the construction and threatened with a court. There is a similar project called "Marine Facade", which can lead to even more serious violations in the harmonious ensemble.

Exchange on Strelka

From 1703, merchants gathered here, the meeting was called the stock exchange, later the place where trade transactions were made was also called that. The first Russian Exchange was built on Vasilievsky Island from wood in the 1730s. Over time, the turnover of the port increased and the area was not enough for full-fledged work. In 1781, at the direction of Catherine the Great, they decided to build a new stone structure, the construction of which began in 1784. The construction was delayed, there was not enough money in the treasury, in 1788 the construction was suspended due to hostilities with the Swedes and Turks.

The new building was erected according to another project, which was developed by J. F. Thomon. The old building was dismantled, in the summer of 1805, after the laying ceremony, the construction of a structure in the style of an ancient palace began. The work was completed by 1810, but construction flaws were revealed, they were eliminated for another two years. The official opening, which was delayed due to the war with Napoleon, took place in July 1816. On this occasion, a grand celebration was arranged. Dimensions - 69 m x 44.5 m. The plinth is made of granite, around which forty-four majestic columns rise.

On the western and eastern facades there are 40-meter-wide stairs. Ramps from the side facades are designed for the entry of carriages. The building is decorated with sculptures glorifying the power of Russia. The main hall is approximately 900 sq. m., its height is 25 meters. The floor and walls are lined with marble slabs. In this building, Russian and foreign merchants made major transactions, and a special committee was formed to manage the work. The structure was rebuilt in 1913-1915: instead of furnaces, a calorific heating system was installed, and a reinforced concrete vault was built for trading. Reconstructed staircases and basement.

After the revolution, a club of sailors was opened here, various meetings of cultural workers were held, then the North-Western Chamber of Commerce and a museum were located. In 1930, the building was transferred to the Academy of Sciences, in 1939 - to the Naval Museum, currently it is owned by the Hermitage.

Stages of formation

To make the outlines of the coastline symmetrical, they created an artificial arrow contour, for this they hammered piles and poured soil, pushing the bank more than 120 m into the river. A semicircular area was formed with a smooth descent to the river and a granite fence. To complete the ensemble, they built the Customs House and two symmetrical warehouses (closed warehouses) - northern and southern in 1826-1832. In 1924, a severe flood damaged the broken square, the existing one was restored by the architect Ilyin in 1926. At the same time, monuments to Rossi and Quarenghi were erected, the fence of the square was replaced with granite pedestals. By 1936, the area was asphalted.

Rostral columns

Two grandiose columns, installed not far from the Stock Exchange in 1810, played the role of lanterns that were lit at night and in fog. Why are the columns called Rostral? On the bow of the ancient ships, rosters were installed (translated from Latin means a beak). They played the role of a ram during the battle with enemy ships. In ancient times, they were also used as decorative elements for various purposes - they decorated stands, front columns. In St. Petersburg, they symbolize the might of Russia as a military and commercial power. Decorated with four pairs of rostra in memory of the war with Sweden for access to Baltic Sea, which Peter the Great led for 20 years. They are decorated with figures of mermaids, fish, heads of crocodiles, mermen and images of seahorses.

At the bottom of the columns there are statues symbolizing sea deities. The assertion that the figures are allegories of the largest Russian rivers (Neva, Volkhov, Volga and Dnieper) appeared recently and, according to documents, does not correspond to reality. The columns were designed by the architect Tomon, using various building materials. The rosters on the barrel are made of metal. The author wanted to cast the sculptures in the lower part of the structure from bronze, but no one took up the difficult work. They were carved from stone mined in quarries located near Gatchina.

Lanterns were used until 1885 at night and when fog descended on the city. Inside each building there is a steep spiral staircase, at the top there is a tripod in the form of ancient altars, on which a lamp bowl is installed. First they burned pitch, resin torches, then hemp oil, but the red-hot particles fell on passers-by, burning them. In 1896 electricity was provided. In 1957, gas burners were installed; currently, the fire is lit on holidays.

Museums

On the spit of the island there are several unique museums that will be of interest to adults and children. Kunstkamera - the exhibits tell about the beliefs, life and culture of the peoples of the world. But he is better known for anatomical rarities and anomalies. The collection began to be compiled by Peter I, here are materials of the 17th-19th centuries, brought from expeditions in Siberia and Kamchatka. The collection of N.N. Miklouho-Maclay, collected on the islands of Oceania and in New Guinea, and many more amazing things. Pushkin House (Literary Museum) - located on the Makarov embankment, representing more than 300 thousand documents and works of art. You can get acquainted with the exhibits dedicated to the work of brilliant Russian writers and poets, including the Silver Age.

The Zoological Museum is located in the premises of the former Southern Warehouse. It contains a huge collection of animal specimens from all over the world - the first specially equipped exhibition space in Russia. There are more than ten thousand exhibits here - stuffed animals of living representatives of the fauna, skeletons and remains of extinct animals, rare and endangered species that are under the threat of extinction. Among them is a strikingly preserved stuffed mammoth Dima, which was removed from the permafrost.

The former Northern Warehouse houses an equally interesting Museum of Soil Science, which opened in 1904. The collection includes soils of all natural zones of the Earth, it is more than 2500 exhibits. The basis of the exposition is the samples collected by the outstanding naturalist, soil scientist V.V. Dokuchaev. The purpose of the museum is to display the diversity and role of soils in ecosystems, the patterns of their distribution.

arrow today

The embankment, smoothly descending to the river, is one of the favorite places of St. Petersburg residents and guests of the city. Newlyweds often come here on their wedding day. The granite wall along the embankment is decorated with the heads of lions with rings in their mouths. There is a tradition - you have to touch the ring for good luck. Folk festivals are held on the square, city and national holidays, concerts are held. In 2003, new sights appeared - an 18th-century anchor raised from the Skipper Canal of the Neva River. As well as a memorial sign donated by the customs service of St. Petersburg in honor of the 300th anniversary of the city. It is a round bronze plate with a diameter of about 2.5 m, mounted on a granite pedestal. The grand opening of the sign, which depicts the structures of the Island Spit, took place on November 14, 2003.