Interesting facts related to the railway. Interesting facts about trains and railways. Safety first

Railways in Russia transport 1 billion 300 million passengers every year. On average, each of us is a train passenger 9 times a year, but this is a very small figure. In Soviet times, this figure reached 15 times a year.

The Trans-Siberian Railway is considered the longest in the world. Its length is almost 9,300 kilometers.

Station "Half" is the very middle of the Trans-Siberian. From this station the same distance, both to Moscow and to Vladivostok.

After the opening of the first railway in Russia (between Moscow and St. Petersburg), the first three days the journey was free. Because no one wanted to ride this "terrible thing."

France still has a law that bans kissing at train stations. The reason for the ban was delays in the departure of trains. The law was issued 100 years ago and still no one has repealed it.

It turns out that linemen who tap the wheels of trains have an ideal ear for music. By changing the tone, they should determine the malfunction of the wheel.

On a train that runs in western Peru, conductors offer passengers an oxygen bag. Because the train goes along the highest mountain railway in the world (at an altitude of more than 3 kilometers).

Once on a railway in Ohio (USA) a train collided with a steamboat. The fact is that Lake Ohio overflowed its banks, and the railway track was under a meter layer of water. However, the driver decided to take the train along the flooded track, but collided with the steamer.

The head of the Bavarian railways in 1910 was forced to issue an order forbidding machinists and stokers to buy beer during stops at stations.

In Argentina, you can now take a tour on the legendary Patagonia Express train, which was restored specifically for tourists. In addition to the impressions of the surrounding landscapes, passengers can become participants in the carefully planned "Train Robbery" action without their consent.

A few years ago, a special "train of love" began to run between Paris and Venice. In the compartment of such a train: VIP-service, there is a TV, a shower cabin and a special double shelf.

Once, a train set off on a tour of Switzerland, on which the cream of Swiss society rode: ministers, deputies, honorary citizens, etc. On the occasion of the celebration, the train was made up of only dining cars. But the organizers did not take into account a small nuance: there are no toilets in Swiss dining cars. Therefore, when the train approached the station, those who had gathered to meet him locals, were very surprised: the guests of honor poured out of the doors of the cars like peas.

As you know, some trains have their own name. For example, "Red Arrow", "Russia", "Baikal", etc. Often the names of the trains are given by the passengers themselves: for example, the Rostov-Odessa train is affectionately called by the passengers "Papa - Mama"

The Japanese firm Toshiba built a maglev train. The train is capable of speeds of 517 km/h.

Once a group of German engineers surveyed the Isthmus of Panama in order to build a trans-American railroad. And in the end, she decided that the rails here should be made not from iron, which is rare in these places, but ... from gold.

Third class carriages on the first Russian railways followed in front of the train and were equipped with hard benches. But passengers were more likely to ride under the benches. Because these cars did not have a roof, and passengers were hiding from bad weather and sparks.

In Australia, a railway was laid on the desert plain, which is listed in the Guinness Book of Records. It is famous for the fact that over 500 km there is not a single turn on it.

Among the collection of Faberge there is an egg "Trans-Siberian Railway", which contains a clockwork model of the imperial Trans-Siberian train made of gold and platinum.

In the near future, double-deck passenger cars may appear in Russia. Such cars will be much more economical for the railway and much more comfortable for passengers. Each compartment of such a carriage has a shower, toilet and air conditioning.

In Monte Carlo, you can see people meeting trains in anticipation of those who have arrived in the Principality for the first time. After that, passengers are offered money to play, promising a share of the winnings in return. It's all the fault of the sign that newcomers are lucky.

But at the Shibuya station in Japan there is a monument to a dog with a "station master's cap" on his head. The dog was awarded this honor for its feat, for 10 years it met the owner who left by train.

When the first section of the railway between Liverpool and Manchester was built in England, they decided to arrange a kind of competition between five steam locomotives. However, just before the start of the competition, the fifth car was suspended from participation in them "due to an outdated engine." Under the steel sheathing there were hidden ordinary horses.

The longest freight train in the world ran in the Soviet Union on the route Ekibastuz - Ural. The train, 6.5 kilometers long, transported 42,000 tons of coal in 440 wagons.

In the early 90s. such a scam was known: an African was promised emigration to Europe, they took the agreed amount, brought it to Moscow (then it was simple and cheap). And then this African was put on a train, assuring that it was a train to Germany. But in fact, it was a subway train that moved along a circular route. The poor fellow could go for a very long time.

The machinist of the Ahvaz-Tehran train once deserved a severe punishment. His fault was that he did not stop the train during namaz (prayer). Because of this, the passengers were forced to pray in the compartment, moreover, at every turn of the train they had to spin in place.

Experts advise, for security reasons, to give preference to the central carriages when buying tickets. In the event of an accident, they suffer less than the head or tail ones. And also it is better to choose seats against the movement of the train. By the way, according to statistics, trains are 45 times safer than cars.

The maximum speed on the rail track is fixed at around 9851 km/h! It was this speed that was developed during the experiment by a platform with a rocket engine in the state of New Mexico (USA)

For all mankind, trains have already become more than a familiar mode of transport. However, the world of wagons and railroad tracks is not at all simple. In this article, we will talk about some interesting facts related to this vehicle: from historical to funny.

• The railway connects cities, countries, and sometimes entire parts of the world! Such a road is the Trans-Siberian Railway. Its length is about 9300 km.
• The collection of Faberge eggs also has a copy depicting the Trans-Siberian Railway. The egg contains a clockwork model of the imperial train, made of gold and platinum.

• As in Bologoye, where, according to legend, the St. Petersburg curb turns into the Moscow curb, the Trans-Siberian Railway has its own middle - this is the Polovina station. Historically, the Trans-Siberian Railway ran from Vladivostok to Miass, and the "Half" divided this path in half.
• The first railway line was the road between Moscow and St. Petersburg. In the year of the death of Nicholas I, during which construction began, it was named Nikolaevskaya. For the first three days, the trip along the Nikolaev railway was free, since no one wanted to ride on an unfamiliar "terrible thing."
• The first train in our country with a refrigeration unit was designed and built specifically for transporting fresh oysters from Sevastopol to the royal table.
• In France, for a hundred years now, there has been a law prohibiting kissing at train stations. The reason for the release of such a rule was the frequent delays of the train due to the touching farewells of passengers and mourners.

In Russia, so far they are limited to simple warnings - at one of the airports you can see a poster with the words: “We ask passengers to start kissing right now so that the plane takes off on time.”

• Do you know what the similarities between a violinist and a lineman are? They both need absolute pitch. A railroad worker needs it in order to determine the presence of malfunctions in the wheels. But many thought that any person could cope with this work - go and knock at your pleasure.
• In our relatively flat country, there is no problem with the construction of high mountain roads. But in Peru, the paths pass high in the mountains - at an altitude of 3 km from sea level. Passengers on this section are offered oxygen bags.

• All branded trains in Russia have their own name written on the side of the carriage. But some trains also have names given to them by passengers. Such, for example, is the Rostov-Odessa train. He was nicknamed "Papa - Mama."
• The Australian Railway, passing through the desert plain, is listed in the Guinness Book of Records. On its section of 500 km there is not a single turn.
• A monument to a dog that has been waiting for the return of its owner who left by train for nine years stands at Shibuya Station in Japan. This story has become the most famous illustration of canine devotion and loyalty.
• On the first section of the road built between Liverpool and Manchester, the British decided to hold a competition between five locomotives. However, immediately before the race, the fifth participant was suspended from the competition with the wording "due to an outdated engine." Real horses were hidden under the skin of the locomotive.
• The Ahvaz-Tehran train driver was severely punished for moving during namaz (prayer). The fact is that during the ceremony, a Muslim must be turned strictly towards Mecca, and at each turn of the train, passengers had to spin in place.
• Safety experts advise buying tickets for seating in the center and avoiding the first and last carriages in case of an accident. In general, the safety of a train is estimated to be 45 times higher than that of a car.
• They say that once there was a case of a collision of completely different types of transport - a train and a steamboat. Lake Ohio in the United States burst its banks and flooded the railroad tracks with a meter layer of water. The driver decided to continue along the flooded track, but collided with the steamer. Obviously, neither life nor education prepared these drivers for such a turn.

People have always been fascinated by trains. And some of them gave rise to creativity. The Lumière brothers chose a steam locomotive as the subject of their first film. As we remember, the film was called "Arrival of a Train at La Ciotat Station" and plunged the audience into horror with its realism.

To create such a large-scale project as railways, a lot of effort, time and Money. Sometimes, the great design geniuses came to crazy decisions and created ridiculous situations. Curious cases have become frequent in this reform activity. And also with the development of high-speed transport, the topic of trains and long-distance trips has become very often mentioned in art - music, movies, theater productions; and even in politics. Here are the most interesting facts and references to railways:

1) Who lives at the bottom of the ocean?

In 1896, between the English cities of Brighton and Rottingdean, an unusual vehicle called Daddy Long Legs began to run - a cross between a tram and a ferry. Laying the railway overland on this route required a lot of engineering structures, and engineer Magnus Volk proposed laying the rails directly on the seabed - the total length of the track was 4.5 km. The platform with passengers rose above the rails on four supports 7 meters long and had a flag, a lifeboat and other maritime attributes, as it was formally considered a ship. The service was canceled in 1901 when it was decided to build new breakwaters near Brighton, and the transfer of the track was considered too costly.

2) When and where did an uncontrolled train travel more than 100 km, accelerating to a speed of 76 km/h?

On May 15, 2001, in Ohio, USA, a railroad crew was moving a 47-car train from one track to another. Due to a technical error, an unmanned train called CSX 8888 picked up speed and left for independent travel, during which it accelerated to a speed of 76 km / h. Having traveled more than 100 km, the train was stopped by the driver of the diesel locomotive that caught up with him, who grappled with the last car and applied rheostatic braking.

3) What mechanism got its name from the name of the inventor of the bicycle prototype?

The prototype of the bicycle was designed and patented by the German baron Karl von Dres in 1818. This mechanism had a wooden frame, metal wheels and a steering wheel, but there were no pedals - in order for it to move, it was necessary to push off the ground with your feet. The surname of the inventor in the name of the bicycle was not fixed, but gave the name to the trolley - a device for moving on rails with mechanical traction.

4) How did Gorbachev's anti-alcohol campaign influence the lyrics of "Time Machine" songs?

During Gorbachev's anti-alcohol campaign, many works of art were censored. For example, Andrey Makarevich changed the text in the song “Conversation on the Train”: after the line “Carriage disputes are the last thing,” instead of “when there is nothing else to drink,” he began to sing “and you can’t cook porridge from them.”

5) What was the main reason for the transition to a time zone system in the 19th century?

Until the 19th century, there was no division into time zones, everywhere the time was determined by the Sun. There was no need for time zones, as there was no high-speed transport. Unification was driven by the development of railways in England, because due to time differences in each city it was very difficult to draw up a normal timetable. It was the railway companies who ensured that there was one GMT time zone throughout the country. And then gradually the system of time zones began to spread around the world.

6) Who was the victim of the murderer, whose brother had previously saved the life of the son of the murdered?

US President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated in a theater by John Booth in 1865. Shortly before this, by coincidence, the brother of the latter, Edwin Booth, saved the life of the president's son, Robert Lincoln, on a railway platform.

7) Where did the train crash occur due to the language barrier?

In 2001, there was a railway accident in Belgium in which 8 people, including both drivers, died as a result of a head-on collision of trains. Among other accidents, this one is unique in that its main cause was the language barrier. When the driver of the first train left the station despite the red signal, the dispatcher called the next station to warn about it. However, the controllers did not understand each other, as one spoke French and the other Dutch. Both of these languages ​​are official in Belgium, and according to the rules of the railway company, staff must know at least one of them.

8) What accident did the Americans arrange in 1896 for the entertainment of the public?

In 1896, one of the American railroad companies staged a show - a deliberate collision of two trains at full speed. 40,000 tickets were sold for the "performance", and a temporary campus was built for the spectators who bought tickets. However, the engineers miscalculated the force of the blast and the crowd was not withdrawn to a safe enough distance, resulting in three deaths and several others being injured.

9) What were military armored rubbers?

It is known that in the wars of the 19th century, the First and Second World Wars, many countries used armored trains. However, in addition to this, they tried to fight with the help of individual combat units - armored rubber. They were almost like tanks, but limited in movement only by rails.

10) Series Y?

From 1910 to 1920, freight steam locomotives of the Y series were mass-produced in Russia.

11) Why did the direct railway between Moscow and St. Petersburg have a curvilinear bend in one place?

The Oktyabrskaya railway connecting Moscow and St. Petersburg is now a collection of straight lines, although there used to be a slight curvilinear bend between Okulovka and Malaya Vishera. There is a legend that when designing the road, Emperor Nicholas I personally drew a straight line between the two capitals, and the bend arose due to the fact that the pencil went around the finger attached to the ruler.

In fact, there was a height difference in that place, which made it difficult for trains driven by low-powered locomotives to move. In order not to hook an additional locomotive, a detour was created.

12) Who and where managed to survive and not become disabled after his brain was pierced by an iron crowbar?

In 1848, an American railroad worker, Phineas Gage, suffered a work injury when a metal rod pierced the frontal lobes of his brain, entering through his left cheek and exiting near the top of his head. Less than an hour later, Gage came to his senses, and then went to the hospital and on the way calmly and calmly talked about the hole in his head. The wound developed an infection, but the worker recovered and lived another 12 years. His memory, speech, perception were not disturbed, only his character changed - he became more irritable and lost his inclination to work.

13) What myth of the Soviet times about the film "The Arrival of the Train" is still alive?

Contrary to popular belief (which even got into the Soviet textbook on the history of foreign cinema), the film "The Arrival of the Train" was not shown at the famous first paid film show in Paris in the basement of the "Grand Cafe" on the Boulevard des Capucines.

14) What was the name of the city where Anna Karenina threw herself under the train?

In the novel by Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina threw herself under a train at the Obiralovka station near Moscow. In Soviet times, this village became a city and was renamed Zheleznodorozhny.

15) Who invented Morse code?

Morse code in its usual form was not invented by Morse, but by the German engineer Gercke. The original Morse code was inconvenient, although it was used on some American railroads well into the 1960s.

16) Who has more?

An interesting fact is that the gauge of the railway in Russia is 8 centimeters more than in Europe. There is an epic that when Russian engineers came to the tsar and asked how wide the track should be, the same as in Europe or more, he replied: nah ... more. So they made the track exactly so much wider. The width of the European railway gauge was adopted long before the invention of the steam locomotive.

17) Whose standard?

The railway track corresponds exactly to the distance between the wheels of the ancient Roman chariots, with which the Romans made conquests in the territories of modern England and France. The peoples of Europe made their chariots according to Roman models, this standard was also taken into account in the construction of railways.

18) Mail trains under escort

In the early days of the existence of the Nikolaev railway, the mail was especially vigilantly guarded along the entire route. To this end, mail trains were sent under the escort of mounted gendarmes, galloping at full speed along the railway.

19) Rescue benches

Third-class carriages on the first Russian railways were installed in front of the train, were equipped with hard benches, but ... did not have a roof, and therefore passengers often traveled under the benches, where they escaped from the sparks that flew out of the locomotive chimney in sheaves, and cold.

20) Paradoxical love

The most paradoxical is the fact that with a small length of Russian railways (only 7 percent of the world's total railway figure), the Russian Federation accounts for about 35 percent of the world's rail freight traffic. These figures are explained by the unusual popularity of railways among Russian businessmen, and both owners of large enterprises and individual entrepreneurs who need to transport small consignments give preference to this type of transport.
The reason for such a love of the Russian people, and indeed of the entire former USSR, for railways is easy to explain, if we recall, at least, the fact that this type of transport is considered the safest. Let the speed of delivery leave much to be desired, but you can always be sure that the cargo will arrive at its destination safe and sound. After all, according to statistics, accidents on the railway happen ten times less often than on highways, and in every news release, reports of another plane crash have become a common occurrence. High level security is especially important when transporting valuable and fragile products, and such products today make up a significant part of the total cargo flow. As long as planes are falling, and roads, as you know, continue to be one of the main problems of the CIS, trains will occupy a leading position in the freight transportation market. It is no secret that in the remote corners of our countries, many roads in the spring-autumn period simply become impassable, so delivery by train remains generally the only possible option.
An important factor in favor of choosing rail freight is their relatively low cost. You simply cannot find a more profitable transport for transporting timber and building materials. There are also no restrictions on the types of cargo - bulk, bulk, volatile and food - it is possible to transport flour and cement, coal and alcohol. All that needs to be done by the owner of the cargo is to choose a suitable container (wagon, gondola car, platform, tank, refrigerator).
But with all the economic attractiveness and reliability, rail freight has a number of disadvantages.
Firstly, in small towns there are simply no railway stations, so you still have to use road transport to deliver cargo to your destination. Secondly, there are a number of difficulties associated with different requirements for transportation technology in different countries. Therefore, international cargo transportation requires knowledge of many nuances and the ability to establish friendly foreign economic relations.
Today transport companies, in order to ensure maximum comfort for the customer and the recipient of the cargo, develop a logistics scheme for each individual cargo, coordinate the features and conditions of transportation based on the characteristics of the product, and provide clear information about the train and the time of its arrival at the station.

21) The first mechanical (not hand or horse-drawn) elevator driven by a steam engine, called the "vertical railway", was installed in the United States in 1850. By the 1880s, large hotels and wealthy buildings in the US and Europe were equipped with this type of elevator.

22) The "Underground Railroad" in the United States in the 1850s was the name of a secret organization of abolitionists (a social movement seeking the abolition of slavery) that transported fugitive blacks from the South to the North.

1. The highest mountain railway in the world is the Qinghai-Tibet railway, the height of which is 5 kilometers. This railroad runs a train of individually designed cars, the specificity of which is carried out in the supply of oxygen, and in addition, each passenger has an oxygen mask for individual use.

2. Thailand has interesting place Where railway sleepers with rails laid in the middle of the local market, a train passes every day. Before its passage, a warning loud signal of a siren is given, after which the sellers in a hurry remove their goods and sheds from the travel part of the train, and after the passage of the train they put back the sheds and their goods in the same fast rhythm, after which the trade continues in a calm rhythm. But some vegetables and fruits lie still while the train passes, since those near the roadway do not interfere with the passage of the train and it does not touch them at all.

3. In Japan, there is one interesting station named Shibuya, where a monument to the most faithful friend of the dog was erected. This faithful dog waited 10 years for his owner, who once got on a train and left on it, never returned. Thus, a monument to the dog appeared at the Shibuya station for his faithful loyalty.

4. There is the legendary railway of Australia, which is without a hedgehog with a duration of 500 kilometers, and it is laid on a desert plain. This railway is listed in the Guinness Book of Records.

5. The first train without rails was built by the Japanese company Toshiba. A high-speed maglev train has the ability to accelerate to a speed of 517 kilometers per hour.

6. But the maximum speed of a train that traveled by rail was recorded in the USA in the state of New Mexico, it reached 9851 kilometers per hour. This train had an experimental rocket engine.

7. At one time, a Vip train was sent across Switzerland, in which nobles from the high society of Switzerland gathered. On a solemn occasion, only restaurant cars were present in this train. The most annoying thing about these cars was that the organizers forgot about the toilets. Having approached the train to its final station, where quite a few people had gathered to meet them, those who met them were stunned by what they saw, while honored passengers, after stopping, very quickly rushed out of all the doors of the cars.

The very first railway in the world, designed to use steam engines, connected coal mines located near the English locality Shieldon, with the cities of Stockton-on-Tees and Darlington. Its official opening took place in 1825. The economic meaning of this project was the prompt delivery of coal from the mines to the port for loading onto sea ships. Transportation on the first railroad in the world quickly turned into a very profitable business. Commercial gain led to the construction of an additional line to the Port of Middlesbrough. In the early stages of the operation of the world's first railway, coal trains were powered by steam locomotives, and passenger cars were pulled by horses.

background

Underground mines in the vicinity of Shildon have existed since ancient times. Before the advent of the world's first railway, coal was transported by carts. At the very beginning of the 19th century, a project to build a canal arose, which could become a solution to the transport problem, but this idea was not realized. The main obstacle was the dissent of John Scott, Peer of England and second Earl of Eldon. In accordance with the plan drawn up by the engineers, the canal was supposed to be drawn through his land holdings.

The birth of an idea

The project for the construction of the first railway in the world was submitted to the British Parliament for approval in 1821. The main investor was the businessman Edward Pease, who invested in this enterprise a huge sum of seven thousand pounds sterling at that time. As the largest shareholder, he had a significant impact on the process of building the world's first railway. The project was approved by the Parliament and the King, but there was no mention of the use of steam locomotives in the text of the official building permit.

George Stephenson

The main investor and inspirer of the project of the world's first railway sought to find the most competent specialist capable of implementing advanced technologies for the early 19th century. He chose George Stephenson, a talented engineer who already had experience building steam engines. To manage the project, a special committee was created, whose members were appointed by the meeting of shareholders. The main investors of the enterprise belonged to the Christian Protestant Quaker movement. Among them was Edward Pease, who was later called "the father of the world's first railway." Due to the sectarian affiliation of the project authors, the Stockton-Darlington rail track is also known as the "Quaker line".

George Stephenson was assisted in the planning process by his son Robert. The engineer made a number of suggestions designed to facilitate the implementation of a task that was quite difficult by the standards of that era. For example, he recommended using a malleable grade of iron for making rails. In 1822, a meeting of stockholders formally named Stephenson chief engineer. In accordance with the final version of the project, the length of the world's first railway was to be about 40 kilometers. The distance between the rails is four feet and eight inches (1.42 meters). Stephenson actively advocated the operation of steam locomotives and managed to convince shareholders of the prospects of this idea. In 1823, the British Parliament gave special permission for the use of "self-propelled machines".

Opening

Edward Pease and George Stephenson together founded the first locomotive building factory in history. It was located in Newcastle. On September 16, 1825, the first steam locomotive left the plant. Soon it was presented to the general public.

The cost of creating the first railway in the world greatly exceeded the original calculations. The company was forced to take out a short-term loan of £60,000. Shareholders hoped that the project would soon begin to make a profit, which would make it possible to repay a huge debt. The first railroad in the world was built in 1825. Its official opening took place on September 27. The locomotive, pulling 21 wagons, set off at about 7 o'clock in the morning. A rider with a flag rode ahead of the train. In a train equipped with seats, there were from 450 to 600 passengers. On some sections of the route, the train developed a speed of up to 24 kilometers per hour.

The first test was not without technical problems. The train made a forced stop lasting 20 minutes due to the fact that a wheel fell off the car in which the company representatives and engineers were traveling. Another half an hour had to be spent repairing the steam locomotive. The train covered a distance of 14 kilometers and was greeted by an enthusiastic crowd of 10,000 people in Darlington. This journey took a total of two hours. The owners of the enterprise considered the opening successful and organized a festive banquet.

Operation in the early stages

When the first railway in the world appeared, the financial situation of the company that built it left much to be desired. The enterprise was under the burden of debts and could not attract new loans. The beginning of the operation of the road was the key to solving financial problems. By 1827, the company paid off its debts. Its share price quickly rose from £120 to £160. The company began to make a profit that could be invested in the development of the world's first railway.

In the early stages, the rail track was used exclusively for transporting coal. During the first three months of operation, the volume of transportation amounted to 10 thousand tons. The use of steam engines increased the amount of coal supplied and caused a significant drop in its market price. Soon the volume of transportation reached 52 thousand tons per year.

Profitability

The first locomotives were not very reliable. Their cast-iron wheels often became a source of problems. Regular repairs took a lot of time and required additional financial costs. In the early period, steam locomotives were less economically advantageous than horses. However, as technical problems were solved, their profitability increased. In 1828, a report was presented to the shareholders' meeting stating that the use of steam engines cut transportation costs in half. However, part of the passenger trains still used horse traction.

Founding of Middlesbrough

The coal transportation business, which had become the main source of profit for the railway company, needed further development and expansion. The port of Stockton could not accommodate enough ships. One of the company's engineers suggested building a new branch to Middlesbrough. This plan received approval from George Stephenson and the shareholders' meeting. The deepwater port of Middlesbrough could greatly speed up the delivery of coal. Before the advent of the railway line, there were only a few residential buildings in this area. Making Middlesbrough important transport node gave rise to the city. Currently, its population is 174 thousand people.

Improvements

The railway was constantly modernized. In 1832 the second tracks were built. Around the same time, the use of horse-drawn passenger trains ceased. Steam locomotives replaced horses. Train timetables and signaling were introduced, which later became common on all British railways. Gradually increased the power of locomotives. In 1839, the average speed of passenger trains was 35 kilometers per hour. The number of flights between Stockton and Darlington reached six per day. An average of 200,000 passengers used the railway services annually. The division of wagons into three classes began, depending on which the fare was set. In 1863 the Stockton-Darlington line became part of the North Eastern Railway of Great Britain.