Detailed map of Kapan - streets, house numbers, areas. Kapan. Populations - Guide to Armenia Population of the city of Kapan
Kafan, city of copper
The blue waves of the Caspian Sea are left behind. All day you drive through the sultry plain; At night, the noise of the fast waters of the Araks rushing towards the train bursts into the rumble of wheels. Early in the morning, throwing back the window curtain, you see a bright change in the landscape.
Station in a narrow gorge. On the left is the gray-foamy ribbon of the Araks, on the right are yellow-gray rocks. But in the hollow there is fresh greenery, and in the crevices of the rocks there are scarlet poppies, fresh blue bunches of forget-me-nots, thickets of rose hips showered with delicate pink and white flowers. The air is no longer hot, the wind carries the smell of flowers and mountain meadows. You are at the small Azerbaijani station Minjevan. To your left, beyond the Araks, lies - just a stone's throw away - Iranian Azerbaijan. On the right, behind the wall of mountains, is one of the most beautiful parts of Soviet Armenia - Zangezur. This is the homeland of brave Syunik people who never hid from enemies or avoided battle; the homeland of the hardworking and courageous peasantry, which more than once rebelled against their princes, spiritual and secular, the place of activity of one of the largest medieval academies in Armenia - Tatev; This is where the statesman Israel Ori comes from, who realized that only an alliance with the great Russian neighbor would save little Armenia from dependence and destruction; and, finally, now this corner of the unique mountain nature has turned into a major industrial center.
Let's get off at Minjevan, leaving the train for a while. You can already feel the copper here. Here is a railway track with a chain of platforms. The locomotive, puffing, performs a simple maneuver. On the platforms there is an unusual cargo: a scattering of dark, red-brown, heavy and clean earth; This is a refined ore, a copper concentrate with a high copper content. It was brought here from the center of Zangezur, the city of Kafan, and will be taken to another copper center of Armenia - Alaverdi, where it will go into the furnaces of a copper smelter. The Minjevan-Kafan railway line, 39 kilometers long, crosses the border between Azerbaijan and Armenia and leads directly to the center of the small but rapidly growing industrial city of Kafan. It stands in a narrow gorge, along the banks of the noisy Voghchi River, into the clear streams of which the small poisonous river Kapan, which receives factory waste, pours its muddy brown drains.
Copper has been known in Zangezur since time immemorial. They started melting it more than a hundred years ago. In 1846, a certain Rozov first received permission from the Russian government to open a copper smelter here. Later, the French took Kafan into concession, first taking Alaverdi into their hands. Old Kafan was rebuilt by French concessionaires in the 10s of our century. Getting here, the French took care of water and light in the houses of the directorate, of shops, cafes, and a pharmacy for employees, but you would try in vain to find here any traces of care for those who mined copper underground and smelted it in water jacket furnaces; workers in Kafan, local and newcomers from neighboring Persia, had no human habitation and did not think about a canteen.
After the revolution, old Kafan began to degenerate. Slowly, slowly, through the features of the old way of life, our native, new, Soviet way of life emerged. And now Kafan is a large workers' center, where everything speaks of the owner-worker. It has its own large hydroelectric station in a nearby gorge, a powerful compressor facility, a mechanical repair shop, multi-storey buildings of a mining town, three secondary schools, a theater, kindergartens, and nurseries. There is greenery in the city. On the tiny plots that still remain free, workers’ individual vegetable gardens are built along steep slopes. But this invasion of young trees and vegetable beds only more clearly emphasizes the new, industrial appearance of Kafan.
The railway station moved into the very center of the city; loading and transportation are mechanized, carried out at a speed unprecedented here; and there is a lot of ore - whole mountains of it move from the mines to the platforms. And before, it used to be that a donkey would mince along mountain paths, dragging ore in a basket to the station; Miners dig ore by hand in dim, devoid of ventilation mines, suffocating from the suffocating air, and slide dozens of fathoms down puzzling ladders that don’t even have landings. Now the mines are simply unrecognizable. Just like the appearance of the city, the whole picture of the work has changed.
At the mines of the so-called Lengruppa, a large capital adit 4.5 kilometers long was built. It leads all the way to Kafan, simplifying and mechanizing the delivery of ore. The donkeys disappeared without a trace. From a height of 500 meters to the level of the main adit, the ore is lowered by a Bremsberg, picked up in the adit by an electric locomotive and runs along the rails all the way to Kafan. Drilling is also mechanized. What does this mean, the numbers say: if in 1926 the norm for manual drilling was 0.4 cubic meters per shift, now this norm is 4 cubic meters per shift!
But the main thing is that the entire factory economy here has been cleverly and radically reorganized. Copper is no longer smelted in Kafan; copper ore is only enriched here. The brainchild of the Leningrad "Mekhanobra", an excellent, modern flotation factory, using the latest technology, washes out and collects ore from parts of waste rock; and then this ore, as a dark, soft, pressed concentrate, goes to the north of the republic, to Lori, to the Alaverdi station, where it is smelted in the furnaces of the Alaverdi copper smelter.
How great are the riches of Zangezur? Is there a lot of copper here? And what is this copper?
The deposits in Zangezur are predominantly veins, running parallel from east to west, at a very steep angle of dip, sometimes almost vertically downwards. The Zangezur deposits have capricious features: as they go deeper, the copper veins expand, and the further down they go, the more profitable it becomes; then, on the contrary, they wedge down. It is difficult to say in advance about such deposits how much copper they contain overall. Here's what we know about Kafan now:
“It can be said with sufficient grounds that its industrial prospects have never been so real. Compared to 1933–1935, the deposit's reserves have now increased significantly. At the same time, not only was a powerful ore zone identified” in one of the former, seemingly depleted mines, “but also a real possibility of identifying similar zones in other areas has been outlined. From all that has been said, it follows that Kafan is on the rise.”
In terms of quality, Zangezur copper is one of the first in the world. The only drawback of Zangezur ore is its intractability. The waste rocks in which the local copper is enclosed - andesite, quartz porphyrite - are very hard and difficult to melt; Therefore, the rich Zangezur ore is more difficult to smelt than the three percent Ural ore, enclosed in less hard rocks. But this is precisely what led to the current ingenious organization of Kafan, which singled out beneficiation and flotation as the main local business, and transferred smelting to Alaverdi.
The copper industry is not the only pride of the small town in the gorge. Kafan has a remarkable past. When a hydroelectric station was built a few kilometers from the city, in a gorge of high rocks, it unexpectedly brought a monument of the past closer to the Kafans - the ruins of the David Beg fortress, which were difficult to get to due to the steepness of the paths. The hydroelectric station, however, was only the first step to the fortress located beyond the pass; Continuing to pave the way in the picturesque gorge to the molybdenum deposits of Kajaran, which attracted the attention of geologists back in 1939–1940, the Kafans also made the fortress accessible, where you can now take interesting walks. The past spoke for schoolchildren, it came to life for adults.
Over two hundred years ago, the Armenians agreed with the Georgians on mutual military assistance against the Persian Khan. The talented Armenian commander David Bek, who served in the Georgian army, came from Tbilisi to Kafan, and Kafan became the focal point of the Syunik military forces. David Bek built an impregnable fortress at the top, in Halidzor, the ruins of which are still perfectly preserved. Military councils took place within the walls of Halidzor. When the Turks invaded the Ararat Valley in 1724 and took, breaking the desperate resistance of the Armenians, first Karbi, and then, after months of fighting, Yerevan, the Syunik army became a stronghold of the Armenians against the Turks. And when the Turks moved to Zangezur and captured several areas, David Beg fortified himself in Halidzor. And the old, mossy walls of the ruins, if they had spoken, could tell now how the brave people of Syunik withstood the Turkish siege and assault. From all sides, with shouts and all modern equipment - ladders, torches for arson - the Turks attacked the fortress. But the Syunik people drove them back and, in turn, put the Turks to flight with a bold, unexpected night attack.
And now swifts and swallows hover over the walls of the fortress, the old stones are shaken by evergreen heather and grasshoppers squeal in the thick, fragrant mint that surrounds them.
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Kapan is covered with sparse forests; it is located in the east of the Syunik region in the valley of the Voghchi River on the southeastern slopes of the Zangezur ridge between its spurs - the Bargushat and Meghri ridges.
To the south of the city is Mount Khustup (3206 m). It is located 316 km from Yerevan and about 1 km from Kashatagh.
Story
In the history of Armenia, Kapan was first mentioned in the 5th century as an ordinary settlement. Ancient Kapan was located 14-15 km northwest of the modern city on the right bank of the Voghchi River, and was the capital of the Kapan (Dzork) gavar.
VartanMarkaryan, CopyrightBy the 10th century, Kapan gradually turned into a feudal city and became the residence of the Dzagikyan princes. At the end of the 9th and beginning of the 10th centuries, the city was rebuilt by Prince Dzagik III and surrounded by a fortress wall.
In the 10th century, the owner of Syunik, Prince Smbat, having proclaimed himself king in 970, moved his residence here from Vayk and founded the Syunik, or Bakhk, kingdom. The kingdom of Syunik was part of the Armenian state of the Bagratids. Kapan flourished in the 11th century, when its population numbered approximately 15-20 thousand people.
Yakovlev Sergey, Public Domain In 1103, Kapan was captured and destroyed by the Seljuks. After this conquest, the city loses its significance, the capital of the Syunik kingdom is moved to Baghaberd. Today, fragments of the fortress wall and a few forest-covered remains of buildings have been preserved from ancient Kapan.
In the XIII-early XV centuries - part of the possessions of the Orbelyans - the overlord princes of Syunik.
Lori-m, Public Domain An Arab author of the 13th century, in his work “Wonders of the World,” speaks of a certain “hard-to-reach region in forests and mountains” that has many fortresses. According to the assumption of N.D. Miklouho-Maclay, we are talking about the district of the city of Kapan.
“a difficult-to-reach area in forests and mountains, has many fortresses. The infidels owned it, atabek Ildegiz took it, and completely destroyed the infidels.”
At the beginning of the 18th century, the legendary David Bek fought against Turkish and Persian invaders in these places. His liberation campaign with a handful of brave men began in 1722, and soon thousands of patriots gathered under his banner and liberated Syunik.
Economy
Kapan, formed in the 19th century from the merger of several villages, was and remains a center for the extraction of many non-ferrous metals.
The industrial development of the local deposits began in the 1890s. Armenian entrepreneurs and French mining engineers who founded a copper mine concession in Kapan.
In Soviet times, Kapan was the center of the mining industry, with a copper-molybdenum plant and an enrichment plant operating here. They are still working.
In addition to the copper ore plant, the city also has food processing enterprises, a lighting plant, furniture and knitting factories and a hydroelectric power station.
Transport
The highway connecting Iran and Armenia passes through the city. At the end of 2008, in addition to the existing section of the Kapan-Kajaran-Meghri highway, an alternative section of the Kapan-Shikaokh-Meghri highway was also built.
The inactive Kapan-Kovsakan-Mijnavan railway line leaves the city.
Before the start of the Karabakh war, there was air communication with Kapan. The small airport received Yak-40 aircraft and AN-14 cargo aircraft.
The nearest airport is located 62 km to the north, but there are no regular passenger flights there.
Photo gallery
Based: 5th century
Population: 40,000 people (2009)
Postcode: 3301-3308
Telephone code: +374 (285)
Time: UTC+4
Helpful information
Kapan
Arm. Կապան
Etymology
Kapan translated from Armenian means “narrow, impassable gorge,” gorge, pass.
Attractions
The city has an archaeological and ethnographic museum, a local history museum and a theater. An equestrian statue of David Beg stands tall in the city center.
The monument to another Armenian hero - Garegin Nzhdeh - is located a few kilometers from the city center, upstream of the Vachagan River.
On the way to it you can see a modern church built from pink tuff. This is a whole memorial complex located at the foot of Mount Khustup (3206 m), reigning over Kapan.
Football
Currently, in the Armenian football championship, the city, as well as the entire south of the country, is represented by the Gandzasar club, the official sponsor of which is the Zangezur Copper-Molybdenum Combine.
ArmeniaKapan(until 1990 Kafan, Armenian Կապան) - a city in the south, the administrative center of the Syunik region. In 987-1170, the capital of the Armenian kingdom of Syunik.
Geography
Memorial to Garegin Nzhdeh in Kapan. Mount Khustup in the background
The surroundings of Kapan are covered with lush forests; it is located in the east of the Syunik region in the picturesque valley of the Voghji River on the southeastern slopes of the Zangezur ridge between its spurs - the Bargushat and Meghri ridges. To the south of the city is Mount Khustup (3206 m). Located 316 km from.
The city's climate is humid subtropical, with high air humidity in the summer; the temperature at night in winter rarely drops below -15; often in February there are days with temperatures above +18.
| Climate of Kapan | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Index | Jan. | Feb. | March | Apr. | May | June | July | Aug. | Sep. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Year |
| Average temperature, °C | 1 | 3,1 | 7,1 | 11,6 | 17,1 | 21,7 | 23,5 | 23,7 | 19,4 | 13,4 | 7,4 | 2 | 12,5 |
| Source: http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/summary/am.htm | |||||||||||||
Etymology
Kapan translated from Armenian means “narrow, impassable gorge,” gorge, pass.
Story
In the history of Armenia, Kapan was first mentioned in the 5th century as an ordinary settlement. Ancient Kapan was located 14-15 km northwest of the modern city on the right bank of the Voghji River, and was the capital of the Kapan (Dzork) gavar.
By the 10th century, Kapan gradually turned into a feudal city and became the residence of the Dzagikyan princes. At the end of the 9th and beginning of the 10th centuries, the city was rebuilt by Prince Dzagik III and surrounded by a fortress wall.
In 987, the overlord of Syunik, Prince Smbat, proclaimed himself king and founded the kingdom of Syunik. The kingdom of Syunik was part of the Armenian state of the Bagratids. Kapan flourished in the 11th century, when its population numbered approximately 15-20 thousand people. In 1103, Kapan was captured and destroyed by the Seljuks. After this conquest, the city loses its significance and turns into a village. The capital of the Syunik kingdom was moved to Baghaberd.
Today, fragments of the fortress wall and a few forest-covered remains of buildings have been preserved from ancient Kapan.
In the XIII-early XV centuries - part of the possessions of the Orbelyans - the sovereign princes of Syunik.
An Arab author of the 13th century, in his work “Wonders of the World,” speaks of a certain “hard-to-reach region in forests and mountains” that has many fortresses. According to the assumption of N.D. Miklouho-Maclay, we are talking about the district of the city of Kapan.
At the beginning of the 18th century, the legendary David Bek fought against Turkish and Persian invaders in these places. His liberation campaign with a handful of brave men began in 1722, and soon thousands of patriots gathered under his banner and liberated Syunik.
Kapan became part of the Russian Empire in 1828.
During Soviet times...
Economy
New Kapan was formed in the 19th century from the merger of several villages.
It was and remains a center for the extraction of many non-ferrous metals. The industrial development of the local deposits began in the 1890s. Armenian entrepreneurs and French mining engineers who founded a copper mine concession in Kapan. In Soviet times, Kapan was the center of the mining industry, with a copper-molybdenum plant and an enrichment plant operating here. They are still working.
In addition to the copper ore plant, the city also has food processing enterprises, a lighting plant, furniture and knitting factories and a hydroelectric power station.
Population
Population of Kapan
Transport
A highway passes through the city connecting and. At the end of 2008, in addition to the existing section of the Kapan-Kajaran highway, an alternative section of the Kapan-Shikaokh highway was also built.
The inactive Kapan-Kovsakan railway line departs from the city.
Before the start of the Karabakh war, there was air communication with Kapan. The small airport received Yak-40 aircraft and AN-14 cargo aircraft.
The nearest airport is located 62 km to the north, but there are no regular passenger flights there.
Attractions
The city has an archaeological and ethnographic museum, a local history museum and a theater. An equestrian statue of David Beg stands tall in the city center. The monument to another Armenian hero - Garegin Nzhdeh - is located a few kilometers from the city center, upstream of the Vachagan River. On the way to it you can see a modern church built from pink tuff. This is a whole memorial complex located at the foot of Mount Khustup (3206 m), reigning over Kapan.
Football
Currently, in the Armenian football championship, the city, as well as the entire south of the country, is represented by the Gandzasar club, the official sponsor of which is the Zangezur Copper-Molybdenum Combine.
Twin Cities
see also
- List of cities in Armenia
- Category:Born in Kapan
Notes
- Armenian-Russian dictionary
- Hakobyan T. Kh., Melik-Bashkhyan St. T., Barseghyan O. Kh. Dictionary of toponyms of Armenia and adjacent territories = Հայաստանի և հարակից շրջանների տեղանունների բառարան. - Er. : Yerevan University Publishing House, 1988. - T. 2. - P. 946-947. - 992 s. - 30,000 copies.
- Kingdom of Syunik // Great Soviet Encyclopedia: [in 30 volumes] / ch. ed. A. M. Prokhorov. - 3rd ed. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
- The Journal of Jewish studies, Volume 53, p. 68
- Thomas F. Mathews, Avedis Krikor Sanjian. Armenian gospel iconography: the tradition of the Glajor Gospel. - Dumbarton Oaks, 1991. - P. 17.
- comment 490 to the text ADJA'IB AD-DUNYA (Wonders of the World) Geographical work of the 13th century
- Information about the city (Russian)
- Information about the city (Russian)
- ??? 0.
- Alternative highway Meghri-Kapan opened (Russian)
- The second Meghri-Kapan highway opened (unavailable link)(Russian)
- List of monuments Archived copy of May 7, 2013 on the Wayback Machine (Russian)
- Chinese Ningbo and Armenian Kapan signed a twinning agreement
Links
- Profile on geonames (English)
- World Gazetteer profile
- armenia-kapan.ru (Kapan: Photo, Video, History)
Kapan is the largest city in southern Armenia. It is located in the Syunik marz (region), on the slopes of the Zangezur ridge, between its spurs - the Megri and Bargushat ridges. The city is surrounded by mountains and forests. The distance from Yerevan is approximately 320 kilometers. The symbol of the city is the beautiful Mount Khustup, whose height is about 3200 meters. Two rivers flow through the city - Voghchi and Vachagan. The city has a local history museum, an archaeological and ethnographic museum and a theater. The area of the town is 36 km², the population is 40 thousand people. Kapan was founded in the 19th century after several villages were connected.
In history, Kafan was mentioned for the first time since the 5th century. In the 10th century, the owner of Syunik, Prince Smbat 2, having proclaimed himself ruler in 970, moved his own residence here from Vayk and founded the Kingdom of Syunik. Back in 1103 
the city was captured and destroyed by the Seljuks. As a result of this conquest, the city loses its significance and the capital of the Syunik kingdom is transferred to Baghaberd, and Kapan itself is gradually transformed into a village. At the beginning of the 18th century, the famous David Bek fought in these spaces opposite the Persian and Turkish invaders. The liberation campaign started back in 1722, and in the shortest possible time, 1000 patriots gathered under his leadership, with the help of whom Syunik was liberated. An equestrian statue of the legendary David Beg was unveiled in the center of Kapan. Not far from the city there is a monument to another Armenian hero - Garegin Nzhdeh.
Until today, it is the main area for the extraction of non-ferrous metals. Initially, mining engineers from France and entrepreneurs from Armenia began studying and developing it. Just then, an enrichment plant and a molybdenum plant were implemented (they are still operating today).
A 13th-century Arab writer, in his book Wonders of the World, writes of a certain “difficult region in the mountains and forests” that contains a large number of fortresses. 
Sights of Kapan
Vaganavank Monastery
The Vaganavan temple was built back in 911. The author of the construction was the youngest son of Prince Dzagik - Vahan. It is considered the tomb of Syunik rulers and princes. It is located seven kilometers from the city.
Mount Khustup
The height of the peak is 3200 meters. The mountain is popular because the Armenian military leader Garegin Nzhdeh fought in its districts and was buried at the foot of the mountain. It is the 3rd highest in Armenia, second only to Aragats and Kapujukh.
Halidzor Fortress
Halidzor Castle is located 5 kilometers from Kapan, located on the right bank of the Voghji River. It was founded in the 10th century as a monastery, and back in 1723 David Bek turned it into a fortress.
Monument to Garegin Nzhdeh
It is located not far from the town, up the Vachagan River. Located at the foot of Mount Khustup. Dedicated to the great commander Garegin Nzhdeh. 
In what marz (region) is the city of Kapan located?
The city of Kapan is part of the marz (region) of Syunik.A characteristic of a marz (region) or a subject of a country is the integrity and interconnection of its constituent elements, including cities and other settlements that are part of the marz (region).
The marz (region) of Syunik is an administrative unit of the state of Armenia.