Throughout the existence of the Federal Republic of Germany. Geographical location, population and area of ​​Germany. Interesting facts about the state. Excursions and attractions in Germany

Now let's move south to Bavaria. 90 km south of Munich, near the border with Austria, is located fairy village masters of Oberammergau, which has not lost its cultural and historical identity over several centuries. The population of the commune is only 5,000 people, and this figure pales in comparison to the 500 thousand tourists who visit these places throughout the year. The main attraction of the village is the Theater of the Passion of Christ, which brings together thematic performances a large number of spectators.

Village of Oberammergau

In the vicinity of the southern Bavarian city of Fussen, surrounded by pristine nature, is Hohenschwangau Castle, which offers stunning views of the German Alps (it is also called the High Swan Castle of Wittelsbach). Opposite is Neuschwanstein Castle, fascinating with its graceful beauty, as if floating above the mountain ranges. This magnificent structure seems to have come straight out of the pages of a Brothers Grimm fairy tale; it reminds Bavarians of the days of the eccentric King Ludwig II, who ruled the region from 1864 to 1886.

Do you want to see the most ambitious project of the Middle Ages? Then welcome to Cologne. On the banks of the Rhine is the most famous landmark of the city - a true masterpiece of Gothic architecture. The cathedral is one of the largest religious buildings; its construction started in 1248. It has a magnificent interior, equipped with 56 huge columns. Above the main altar is the golden Tomb of the Three Kings. There is also the Chapel of the Three Kings and the treasury with a collection of jewelry. The windows of the southern towers offer beautiful views of the surrounding area.

Railway model "Miniature Wonderland" in Hamburg

The attraction, interesting not only for adults, but also for children, is located in the center port city Hamburg is a model railway, the largest in the world, stretching for as much as 12 kilometers. There are 890 trains running along this amazing highway, which come dedicated different countries sections. In just a few hours spent here, you can plunge into the fascinating world of miniature cities, villages, bustling harbors and airports.

One of the most popular tourist routes country is Germany's Romantic Road. Located on it old City Rothenburg ob der Tauber or simply . Just imagine: the city walls and towers have reached us in their original form since the Thirty Years' War of 1618. Of the most famous buildings in this impeccably preserved medieval city we can name the majestic Town Hall of the 13th century, the Church of St. James built in 1466 and the municipal Tavern with its famous clock, the city museum, the fountain built in 1608.

Due to the weakening of the central government, local lords were responsible for maintaining order and repelling attacks by the Huns and Normans. In the territories under their control, duchies such as Franconia, Saxony, Swabia and Bavaria subsequently arose. Henry I of Saxony, nicknamed the Birdcatcher, managed to restore central government by conquering neighboring German states, but to a small extent. His son Otgon was more “lucky”. In 936 he proclaimed himself the direct heir of Charlemagne and king of all Germany: a superbly organized coronation ceremony took place in Aachen.

The power of German kings and emperors, however, was not inherited. The decision about who will be the next head of state was made by a narrow circle - the electors of the largest German cities, including the prince-archbishops of Mainz, Cologne and Trier. One of the brightest rulers was Emperor Frederick I (1152-1190). At the court of this representative of the Hohenstaufen dynasty, poets, minnesingers and valiant medieval knights were held in high esteem. And although the central government was still weak, the state - it was then called the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation - existed until the end of the Middle Ages.

At the end of XVII century political leadership in the German lands passed to the rulers of large state entities, among which Prussia stood out noticeably. The model for their kings was France during the time of Louis XIV, with the idea of ​​centralizing and absolutizing power and strengthening the bureaucracy, including the creation strong army on an ongoing basis. The autocrats of the new generation felt cramped in medieval castles and they built for themselves luxurious palaces in Baroque style. The construction of these residences and subsequent maintenance were expensive for ordinary taxpayers. However, from a historical point of view, such sacrifices were not in vain: in our time, these palaces have become the main tourist attractions in Germany, attracting hundreds of thousands of tourists.

Oddly enough, the Great French Revolution of 1789 had a significant influence on the future of the state. In 1794, the German lands west of the Rhine came under French control. Soon, the odious emperor Napoleon Bonaparte established sovereignty over all of Germany. On the one hand, it was enslavement, and on the other, it brought positive changes. The French, for example, put their neighbor's political map in order: Bavaria and Baden became kingdoms, thoroughly expanding their possessions, and small church states were abolished. At the same time, no one liked foreign domination, and in the spring of 1813, unrest against the invaders began to break out throughout the country. In October of the same year, at the forefront of this struggle, the troops of Prussia and Austria united to take control of Schleswig-Holstein, but ended up betraying their ally. The defeat of the latter's army in the battle with the Prussians in Bohemia excluded any possibility of Austrian participation in building a future unified German state. Indeed, Prussia led Germany to unification: its king, Wilhelm I, was proclaimed the first all-German emperor (Kaiser).

The attitude towards the unification of the country among the ruling elites of local monarchies was ambiguous, but the common people were gripped by national euphoria. The country's economy was growing rapidly, industry was developing, railway lines were being laid - it all resembled one big construction site! The first results were not long in coming: Germany not only caught up with, but even surpassed the British Empire in coal mining and steel production. At the same time, electrification and the chemical industry developed. Ordinary people also began to live better, since the government, not in words, but in deeds, dealt with the social problems of the unemployed and people with disabilities.

Captured German tank Sturmpanzerwagen A7V in French Paris

The relative prosperity within the state contrasted with the state of affairs outside its borders. By the beginning of the 20th century, relations between major players in the European arena began to reach a dead end. They spent huge amounts of money on their armed forces, which could indicate only one thing - each power was secretly preparing for war. The formal reason was the assassination of the Austro-Hungarian Crown Prince Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo in June 1914. Thus began the First World War. Germany, the Habsburg Empire and Italy formed the Triple Alliance. This military-political bloc was opposed by the Entente, which united Russia, Great Britain and France. Germany was preparing a crushing blow to Paris, and when it failed, the country could no longer hope for military success. The situation was further complicated by the fact that the United States of America entered the war. In the summer of 1918, the German military command admitted its defeat, but blamed it on the civilian government that advocated peace.

The First World War also had profound internal political consequences for Berlin. The Kaiser's regime fell and was replaced by the Weimar Republic, which was forced to accept the extremely unfavorable conditions of the Versailles Peace. Germany officially admitted its responsibility for starting the war, ceded the Rhineland, returned Alsace and Lorraine to France, provided Poland with a sea corridor - access to the Baltic and pledged to pay reparations that placed a heavy burden on the country's economy. Not everyone agreed with such a peace; many perceived it as a betrayal of national interests.

Meanwhile, the situation of ordinary people rapidly deteriorated, hyperinflation ruined millions of Germans. Dissatisfaction with the government grew, which was taken advantage of by Adolf Hitler's Nazi party. Hiding behind patriotic slogans, she won an overwhelming majority in the Reichstag in the 1932 elections. President Hindenburg was forced to appoint the leader of this political force as Chancellor. To concentrate even more power in their hands, the Nazis organized the arson of the parliament building on the night of February 27, 1933, blaming the communists for it. There is no direct evidence, but historians do not even doubt that this was their work. In the first years of Nazi rule, the economy began to revive, and the military-industrial complex developed especially rapidly. Hitler also had successes in the foreign policy arena: when he returned the Rhineland in 1936, the Germans began to slowly get rid of the “Versailles complex.” They again began to feel like a full-fledged nation - proud and strong!

Meanwhile, the Fuhrer’s appetites grew, and in general almost all of Western Europe came under Nazi rule. In March 1938, Germany annexed Austria (Anschluss), and in November, as a result of the Munich agreement, the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia, populated predominantly by Germans. This country itself, with the exception of Slovakia, was transformed into the puppet Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. On September 1, 1939, the Third Reich attacked Poland - thus began the Second World War, the bloodiest in human history. On June 22, 1941, Wehrmacht troops invaded the territory of the Soviet Union: the Great Patriotic War lasted 1,118 days and nights.

However, in this war unleashed by Germany, she was not destined to become a winner. On April 30, 1945, a completely demoralized Hitler committed suicide, and on May 8, 1945, the Nazi regime capitulated to the Allied forces. The red flag of the USSR proudly flew over the defeated Reichstag. The country was in ruins, lost some of its territories to its neighbors and was divided into occupation zones - British, American, French and Soviet. The capital of the Reich, Berlin, was similarly divided. In 1949, the Federal Republic of Germany was proclaimed in the western occupation zones. In the eastern lands, which were under the control of the USSR, the German Democratic Republic was formed with its capital in East Berlin. West Berlin was not included in any of the newly formed states and was under external control. The relationship between the GDR and the Federal Republic of Germany remained difficult throughout the entire period of their existence.

With the beginning of perestroika in the Soviet Union in 1985, the influence of the “big brother” on East Germany weakened significantly, while the influence of its western neighbor, on the contrary, increased. Political and public sentiment in both countries favored the prospect of unification, but no one thought it would happen so soon. In 1989, the Berlin Wall, the odious stone border between the divided parts of the city, fell. This event was a turning point that led to the unification of the two parts of Germany in October 1990. However, many historians consider this not a unification, but an annexation - in fact, absorption - of the territory of the GDR by the Federal Republic. According to experts, the difference in living standards between the “old” parts of Germany is still felt, although almost three decades have passed since reunification.

And Poland. In the south it is bordered by Austria (border length 784 km) and Switzerland (334 km). In the west - with the Netherlands (577 km), France (451 km), Belgium (167) and Luxembourg (138 km). In the east - with Poland (456 km) and the Czech Republic (646 km). In the north, Germany borders Denmark (68 km) and is washed by the North and Baltic seas.

Germany is a beautiful and majestic country. Its rich history still amazes many historians. Germany is the homeland of many of the most outstanding and brilliant people. It is enough to recall such well-known names as Goethe, Beethoven, Bach and many other world-famous names. Germany can rightfully be called a great place on earth, where great people are born.

Many people are surprised by one interesting fact - how is the German economy developing? The high rate of economic development can be explained by the fact that Germany cooperates on open markets with countries such as France, the USA and the UK. It is to these countries that Germany exports most of its goods. To date, Germany has been able to fully prove that its economy is highly competitive.

If we talk about the peculiarities of Germany’s position in the world, it is worth noting that this country is one of the most active and active participants in the European Union. On the world stage, Germany has long established itself as one of the most stable countries and has won universal respect.

The greatest length from north to south is 876 km, from west to east - 640 km. The extreme points of the borders are: in the north - the village of List on the island of Sylt, in the east - the Saxon village of Deshka, in the south - the Bavarian village of Oberstdorf and in the west - the village of Selfkant (North Rhine-Westphalia). Total length borders 3621 km, length coastline– 2389 km. The total area of ​​the country is 356,957 square meters. km.

The founding day of the republic is considered to be May 23, 1949. – the day of adoption and entry into force of the country’s Constitution. On October 3, 1990, the GDR joined the scope of the Basic Law. In June 1991, Berlin was declared the capital. The transfer of the government and parliament of a united Germany from Bonn to Berlin was almost completed in 1999. The national flag is black, red and gold. Coat of arms with the image of an eagle. The national holiday - German Unity Day - is celebrated on October 3. The anthem of Germany is “Song of the Germans” (music by Haydn, lyrics by G. Hoffmann von Fallersleben).

The cities and lands of Germany are very attractive to tourists from many countries. One of the most attractive lands is Bavaria, which is also called the “beer land”. Oktoberfest, Neuschwanstein Castle and the lush scenery of the Alps attract more foreign tourists here than to any other land. However, the slogan “Laptop and leather pants” testifies: Bavaria is something more than just living traditions. Its economy (which is stronger than Sweden's) is famous for such global brands as BMW, Audi, Siemens, MAN and EADS (Airbus). The Bavarian capital, Munich, has more publishing houses than any other German city. But Germany's largest federal state also shines outside the metropolis.

The cathedrals of Germany will amaze you with their beauty and majesty. It is there that you can hear the divine sounds of a real organ. The small town of Amberg is definitely worth a visit. It is famous for its theater, which is located in a former Gothic church. And, of course, Germany is famous for its national art - brewing beer. Only in this country can you taste the most delicious beer on Earth.

The official language is German. Currency unit– euro (since 2002, in 1948–2001 German mark). Population – 82.5 million people. (October 2002). The natural population growth in the country is 0.5 and is one of the lowest in the world. The average life expectancy for men is 73 years, for women – 78 years. Ethnic composition The population is not very diverse: 96% are Germans. In addition to them, 1000 thousand Turks live in the country, 600 thousand people from former republics Yugoslavia, 570 thousand Italians, 200 thousand Spaniards, 170 thousand Austrians, 120 thousand Portuguese, 80 thousand Danes, 70 thousand US Americans, 60 thousand French, 50 thousand British, 30 thousand Jews, 20 thousand Russians, etc.

Christianity predominates in the country: Protestantism - 40%, Catholicism - 35%; Islam - 3%. Administratively, Germany consists of 16 states, each of which has its own capital, constitution, parliament and government.

The federal states are divided into old and new, in addition there are three cities - independent states - Berlin, Bremen and Hamburg. To new ones federal states include: Schleswig-Holstein (Kiel), Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (Schwerin), Brandenburg (Potsdam), Saxony (Dresden), Saxony-Anhalt (Magdeburg), Thuringia (Erfurt) and the state of Berlin. The old federal states include: Lower Saxony (Hannover), North Rhine-Westphalia (Düsseldorf), Rhineland-Palatinate (Mainz), Hesse (Wiesbaden), Saarland (Saarbrücken), Baden-Wüttemberg (Stuttgart) and Bavaria (Munich) and two state-states - Bremen and Hamburg. The head of state is the president, the head of government is the federal chancellor. The legislative body is the Bundestag, the bodies of representation of the states are the Bundesrat.

History of Germany

Until the end V centuries on the territory modern Germany there was no state. Only after the Frankish leader Clovis defeated the Romans did he create a kingdom that included most of Gaul and southwestern Germany. Charlemagne united Saxon, Bavarian, Rhineland, Frankish and other lands in his empire. However, after his death great empire collapsed, and its eastern part became the German Empire. Under Frederick I Barbarossa in the middle XII centuries, the borders of the German Empire expanded significantly. At first XVI century in Germany there was a split along religious lines. Martin Luther began his activity at that time. As a result of the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), Germany was split into several dozen principalities and kingdoms, the most influential of which was Prussia. After several successful military campaigns and international treaties, Prussian Chancellor Otto von Bismarck virtually restored the German Empire and declared Wilhelm the King of Prussia I German Emperor (Kaiser). The German Empire reached its peak by 1914.

But after the defeat in the First World War, the country lost part of its lands and was subject to huge indemnities. In 1919, Germany was proclaimed a republic and, according to the constitution adopted in the city of Weimar, it was called the Weimar Republic. Heavy economic situation countries and the general world crisis led to power in 1932 by the Nazis led by Hitler, who unleashed the Second world war(1939-1945). After the war, Germany was divided into two parts. In 1949–1990 in the western part of the country there was the capitalist Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), and in the eastern part there was the socialist German Democratic Republic (GDR). In 1990, they were united within modern borders. Currently, Germany is a democratic republic. The state is headed by the federal president, who mainly performs representative functions. Legislative power belongs to a bicameral parliament consisting of the Bundestag and the Bundesrat. Executive power is vested in the federal government, headed by the chancellor, a representative of the party that wins the elections. Administratively, Germany is divided into 16 states.

Economy of Germany

Economically, Germany is a highly developed industrial country. Extraction of brown and hard coal, oil, natural gas, polymetallic ores, potassium and table salts is carried out. Ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, various mechanical engineering: machine tool building, electrical engineering and radio electronics, instrument, automobile and shipbuilding and others. Powerful chemical and petrochemical industry. Woodworking, light industry, food industry, production of porcelain products, musical instruments. High intensity Agriculture with a predominance of livestock industries (pig farming and dairy farming). Crop farming specializes in the production of grain, sugar beets, and potatoes. Hop growing. Winemaking. Fish farming.

Sights of Germany

Germany is a relatively new unified state; before that, for centuries, the country was made up of scattered principalities, counties and monarchies. As a result, Germany has several main cities, each with its own unique character shaped by its history and surrounding area. In each city, you will not only find yourself in a completely different world with a special architectural style and artistic riches, but you will also experience a lifestyle unique to that city.

Speaking about the north of Germany, it is necessary to mention the cities of Hamburg, Bremen and Lubeck, which were brought prosperity by maritime trade. The capital Berlin is deservedly one of the most popular destinations, regardless of the purpose of the trip, be it a cultural program, business or just entertainment. In the center of the country, Hanover deserves attention, and in the east there are true pearls - Leipzig, Weimar, Schwerin and Dresden. The latter, although heavily damaged by bombing, retained much of its pre-war architectural heritage. Moving south, you will pass Nuremberg - the birthplace of the famous German painter Durer, and sooner or later you will arrive in Munich - the capital city of beer and art, where the famous Pinakotheks are located. Munich makes a great starting point to explore the treasures of Bavaria. Don't miss the lovely cities of southwestern Germany - Freiburg, Heidelberg and Tübingen. In the west of the country, French influence is still felt. Discover Bonn, Düsseldorf, Cologne and Trier - the oldest city in Germany and the former capital of the Roman Empire.

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Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) is a state in Central Europe, the capital is Berlin.

The Russian name of the state comes from the Celtic Gair - “neighbor”, and the German from the Proto-Germanic ?eodisk - “relating to the people” and Land - “country”. The founding date of the German state is considered to be February 2, 962. Germany was the first country to introduce a social insurance system, the basis of which was developed by Bismarck in the 1890s.

Geography

Germany is located in Central Europe and borders 9 countries; in the north it has a natural border in the form of the North and Baltic seas. The territory of the state is 357,021 km?. The North German Lowland is home to the most low point Neuendorf-Saxenbande - 3.54 meters below sea level. The Alps begin in the south of the country, with the highest mountain being the Zugspitze – 2,968 meters. Largest lake in Germany - Constance, its area is 540 square meters. km, and a depth of 250 meters.

The state includes 16 equal subjects - states: Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, Berlin, Brandenburg, Bremen, Hamburg, Hesse, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Lower Saxony, North Rhine-Westphalia, Rhineland-Palatinate, Saarland, Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt , Schleswig-Holstein, Thuringia.

A “village on a federal scale” (bundesdorf) is often called a small town in western Germany, which for more than 40 years was the capital of Germany, and to this day some key ministries (including the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Defense) live here in Bonn, not in Berlin. How did it happen that neither Hamburg, nor Munich, nor Cologne, nor Frankfurt received this honor?

01. In fact, about 323 thousand people live in today's Bonn, but it still looks patriarchal, quiet and even provincial.

02. The main attraction of the city is Beethoven, who was born here. This monument of his stands on Münsterplatz, opposite the Basilica of St. Martin - by the way, XI century - the oldest building in the city.

03. How quiet and cozy it is here on Sundays...

04. Awoke residents and a few tourists are drinking coffee...

05. Literally a stone's throw from Münsterplatz, right between the houses, the medieval Sterntor Gate, dating back to 1244, has been preserved. In fairness, I note that in 1900 the gate was rebuilt partially from the remains of the original structure. This apparently explains the close proximity of medieval fortifications to relatively modern houses.

06. During the Second World War, Bonn suffered relatively little damage, so the core of the old center was well preserved, so to speak, in its historical form.

07. Perhaps this is one of the reasons why the choice of the capital of Germany in 1948 fell on Bonn.

08. In addition, this issue was lobbied by the future chancellor, the architect of post-war democratic reforms, Kondrad Adenauer, a native of neighboring Cologne. Why not Cologne? Obviously, Cologne at that time was still in ruins... Bonn was a different matter. In addition, the Belgian occupation troops stationed here expressed their readiness, at the request of the German government, to leave the city, which means that the future Government and Parliament of the Federal Republic of Germany will not have to work next to foreign military force. Most likely, all these factors contributed to the fact that Bonn became the capital of Germany in 1949.

09. And remained so until 1990, until the unification of the two Germanys. And it could remain the capital until today! Berlin then won by a small margin.

10. Another iconic square of the city is Market Square. There was a market here already in the 11th century! Now this central square of the city, which is crowned by the ceremonial building of the Town Hall (XVIII century). There was such a tradition that each new ruler of the Federal Republic of Germany first appeared before the public at the old Town Hall. What can I say, an institution on a federal scale!)

12. On Sunday of the 21st century, traditionally all the shops are closed, a few citizens and tourists move along the streets, Russian speech is heard...)

13. The calls of the muezzin are not yet heard in the streets, although if you believe, a large community of radical Islamists is concentrated in Bonn today... By the way, an interesting article, I recommend reading it.

14. Let's return to Beethoven.

15. The house where the great composer was born and lived until he was 22 has been preserved. There is now a museum here, but it was closed... So I won’t tell you about the atmosphere of Moonlight Sonata...

16. But portraits of the great composer are depicted even in the works of street artists. Favorite place selfies of Chinese tourists, but what’s there... Russians too.)

17. The Opera building and the Rhine embankment appeared ahead.

18. The Opera building certainly didn’t impress me, but the Rhine here is very wide. The Kennedy Bridge was built on the site of the beautiful Rhine Bridge of 1898, which was blown up in 1945.

19. So to speak for comparison... Great, right? Why was the bridge named after the 35th President of the United States? Good question. This beauty was blown up by the troops of the retreating Wehrmacht, and not by the Americans, as was first thought. So for me the question still remains open.

20. On the right opposite bank of the river is the former city of Boyel, which became part of Bonn in 1969. Apparently it's a residential neighborhood. Sort of like Moscow Biryulyovo...)

21. On the left bank, landmarks of the business center and the former government quarter are visible. The most high building, Post tower is the headquarters of the famous German postal company Deutsche Post.

22. Piers, piers, running athletes, boredom... Although in the evenings it will probably be more fun here.)

23. I turn into the Hofgarten palace park.

24. This is an old park with former palace Electors, the main residence of the Cologne archbishops (until 1818).

25. It’s not bad here. Nature, creative innovative monuments,

26. students...

27. Oh yes, I forgot to say that the Electoral Palace is, as it were, the main building of the University of Bonn (since 1818).

28. How do you like this city avenue?

29. University of Bonn - quite famous and significant educational institution in Europe. Friedrich Nietzsche, Heinrich Heine, Karl Marx, and many, many other world-famous names studied within its walls.

30. And who knows what famous names in the future will be discovered within its walls?

31. Opposite the university is the Academic Museum of Art. Interesting of course, but for another time.

32. By the way, the well-known Joseph Ratzinger, the future Pope Benedict XVI, taught at the university.

33. An interesting fact: within the walls of the university in the 19th century, two (!) theological faculties functioned in parallel: Catholic Theology and Protestant Theology. I don’t know if there are other similar precedents in world history?)

34. Old city quite small, it’s easy to get around it in an hour, maximum two.

35. The walls of the Basilica of St. Martin have already appeared,

36. on Münsterplatz. Everything is just as quiet and cozy here. If you listen closely, you can hear what the visitors of the cafe on the opposite side of the square are talking about. I wish I knew German...)

37. I would love to go to the former government quarter, but alas, time is running out, we need to go to the airport. Waiting for the bus railway station, I made full use of the camera, trying to capture moments of life in the city.

I will definitely come back here in the future. See what you didn’t see, and just plunge into the quiet provincial life former capital. This would probably be the atmosphere in Moscow if the capital were moved to, say, St. Petersburg, what do you think?)

Former Nazi Germany was divided into several. Austria left the empire. Alsace and Lorraine returned to French protection. Czechoslovakia received back the Sudetenland. Statehood was restored in Luxembourg.

Part of Poland's territory, annexed by the Germans in 1939, returned to Poland. The eastern part of Prussia was divided between the USSR and Poland.

The remainder of Germany was divided by the Allies into four zones of occupation, administered by Soviet, British, American and military authorities. The countries that took part in the occupation of German lands agreed to pursue a coordinated policy, the main principles of which were denazification and demilitarization of the former German Empire.

Education Germany

A few years later, in 1949, the Federal Republic of Germany was proclaimed on the territory of the American, British and French occupation zones, which became Bonn. Western politicians thus planned to create in this part of Germany a state built on a capitalist model, which could become a springboard for a possible war with the communist regime.

The Americans provided considerable support to the new bourgeois German state. Thanks to this support, Germany quickly began to transform into an economically developed power. In the 50s they even talked about the “German economic miracle.”

The country needed cheap labor, the main source of which was Türkiye.

How did the German Democratic Republic come into being?

The response to the creation of the Federal Republic of Germany was the proclamation of the constitution of another German republic - the GDR. This happened in October 1949, five months after the formation of the Federal Republic of Germany. In this way, the Soviet state decided to resist the aggressive intentions of its former allies and create Western Europe a kind of stronghold of socialism.

German Constitution Democratic Republic proclaimed democratic freedoms to its citizens. This document also secured the leading role of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany. For a long time, the Soviet Union provided the government of the GDR with political and economic assistance.

However, in terms of the rate of industrial growth, the GDR, which had taken the socialist path of development, lagged significantly behind its western neighbor. But this did not prevent East Germany from becoming a developed industrial country, where agriculture also developed intensively. After a series of rapid democratic transformations in the GDR, the unity of the German nation was restored; on October 3, 1990, the Federal Republic of Germany and the GDR became a single state.